食品科学

• 成分分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

河川沙塘鳢肌肉营养成分的分析和评价

施永海,张根玉,张海明,朱建明,陆根海,王建军,汪 洋   

  1. 上海市水产研究所,上海市水产技术推广站,上海 200433
  • 出版日期:2015-02-25 发布日期:2015-02-16
  • 基金资助:

    上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(13DZ2251800)

Evaluation of Nutritional Quality and Nutritional Components in Muscle of Odontobutis potamophila

SHI Yonghai, ZHANG Genyu, ZHANG Haiming, ZHU Jianming, LU Genhai, WANG Jianjun, WANG Yang   

  1. Shanghai Fisheries Technical Extension Station, Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China
  • Online:2015-02-25 Published:2015-02-16

摘要:

为了解河川沙塘鳢肌肉的营养价值,采用生化分析手段对生态养殖的2 龄冬季河川沙塘鳢进行肌肉营养成分分析和品质评价。结果显示,冬季河川沙塘鳢的肌肉水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量分别为78.08%、18.26%、1.11%和1.30%。18 种被检出的常见氨基酸中含量最高的3 种氨基酸是谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和赖氨酸;肌肉鲜样中氨基酸总量(total amino acid,TAA)、必需氨基酸(essential amino acids,EAA)、半必需氨基酸(half essential amino acids,HEAA)和鲜味氨基酸(delicious amino acid,DAA)分别为19.47%、7.74%、1.80%和7.09%;EAA/TAA、EAA/非必需氨基酸(nonessential amino acids,NEAA)、DAA/TAA分别为39.75%、77.92%和36.42%;第1、第2限制性氨基酸分别是色氨酸和缬氨酸;必需氨基酸指数和支链氨基酸与芳香族氨基酸的比值(F值)分别为74.86和2.15。肌肉干样中检出6 种饱和脂肪酸(total saturated fatty acids,SFA)、4 种单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acids,MUFA)和10 种多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFA);ΣSFA、ΣMUFA、ΣPUFA、Σn-3 PUFA、二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸和Σn-6 PUFA分别为31.83%、20.91%、47.27%、30.60%、23.58%和15.56%,ΣSFA/ΣUFA和Σn-3 PUFA/Σn-6 PUFA分别为0.47%和1.97%。结果表明,河川沙塘鳢是一种营养价值较高、味道鲜美的优质鱼类,且有一定的保健作用;冬季河川沙塘鳢肌肉营养价值高于繁殖季节的,其粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量较高且氨基酸和脂肪酸组成较优。

关键词: 河川沙塘鳢, 肌肉, 营养成分, 氨基酸, 脂肪酸

Abstract:

In order to understand the nutritional value of Odontobutis potamophila muscle, the nutritional composition and
quality of in the muscle of ecologically cultured O. potamophila (2 years old) in winter were analyzed and evaluated by
biochemical analysis. The results showed that the moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash contents in fresh muscles
of O. potamophila in winter were 78.08%, 18.26%, 1.11%, and 1.30%, respectively. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine
revealed the most abundant among 18 kinds of amino acids detected in muscles. The contents of total amino acid (TAA),
total essential amino acid (EAA), total half-essential amino acid (HEAA), and total delicious amino acid (DAA) in fresh
muscles were 19.47%, 7.74%, 1.80%, and 7.09%, respectively. The EAA/TAA, EAA/NEAA, and DAA/TAA ratios were
39.75%, 77.92%, and 36.42%, respectively. According to nutritional evaluation using amino acids score (AAS) and chemical
score (CS), the first limiting amino acid was Trp, and the second limiting amino acid was Val. The essential amino acid
index (EAAI) and the ratio of branched chain amino acid to aromatic amino acid (F value) were 74.86 and 2.15, respectively.
Totally 6 saturated fatty acids (SFA), 4 mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and 10 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were
found in the dry muscle. The ΣSFA, ΣMUFA, ΣPUFA, Σn-3 PUFA, EPA+DHA, and Σn-6 PUFA were 31.83%, 20.91%,
47.27%, 30.60%, 23.58%, and 15.56%, respectively. The ΣSFA/ΣUFA and Σn-3 PUFA/Σn-6 PUFA ratios were 0.47% and
1.97%, respectively. Therefore, O. potamophila is a kind of high nutritional value, delicious, and high quality fish, and the muscle
has some health benefits. The muscle of O. potamophila in winter has higher contents of crude protein and crude fat, and better
amino acid and fatty acid compositionsso that its nutritional value is higher than that in the breeding season.

Key words: Odontobutis potamophila, muscle, nutritional composition, amino acid, fatty acid

中图分类号: