食品科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (21): 175-181.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201721028

• 营养卫生 • 上一篇    下一篇

贵州喀斯特地区土壤-辣椒体系重金属元素的生物迁移积累特征

张建,杨瑞东,陈蓉,彭益书   

  1. (1.贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州?贵阳 550025;2.贵州大学喀斯特环境与地质灾害重点实验室,贵州?贵阳 550025;3.贵州大学矿业学院,贵州?贵阳 550025)
  • 出版日期:2017-11-15 发布日期:2017-11-01
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(41463009;41563011);贵州省重点学科建设项目(ZDXK[2015]20); 贵州省教育厅创新群体重大研究项目(黔教合KY字[2016]024); 贵州大学国内一流学科生态学建设项目;贵州大学2016年研究生创新基金项目(研理工2016037)

Bioconcentration of Heavy Metals in Soil-Capsicum annuum L. System in Karst Areas of Guizhou Province

ZHANG Jian, YANG Ruidong, CHEN Rong, PENG Yishu   

  1. (1. College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 3. College of Mining, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China)
  • Online:2017-11-15 Published:2017-11-01

摘要: 采集喀斯特地区(遵义虾子与贵阳花溪)的辣椒及种植土壤样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪检测辣椒和土壤中13?种重金属元素(As、Cd、Pb、Hg、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Tl、Co、Sb、Sn、Mn)的含量,探讨土壤-辣椒体系重金属元素的生物迁移积累特征。结果表明:与HJ/T?332—2006《食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准》相比,土壤中Cd平均含量超标了9.33%,点位超标率为57.89%。与GB?2762—2012《食品中污染物限量》相比,遵义地区辣椒中Cd含量部分超标,超标率为85.71%,花溪地区2?个辣椒样品Cr含量超标,分别超标了15.36%和12.18%。辣椒的13?种重金属生物富集系数大小顺序为Cd>Cu>Zn>Hg>Sn>Tl>Mn>Sb>Ni>Co>Cr>As>Pb,辣椒Cd的生物富集系数为1.138,Pb的生物富集系数为0.001?9。辣椒中Co、Ni、Sn含量与土壤对应金属含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),其余重金属含量与土壤对应元素含量无显著相关性(P>0.05)。食用辣椒途径的Cd和Cr每周重金属摄入量远小于世界卫生组织提出的专门针对敏感人群临时性每周人体可耐受摄入量,辣椒Cd、Cr超标不会对人体健康造成影响。在贵州喀斯特Cd高背景值地区种植辣椒应注重辣椒对Cd的富集。

关键词: 辣椒, 种植土壤, 重金属, 生物富集, 喀斯特地区

Abstract: Capsicum annuum L. and corresponding soil samples were collected from different karst areas of Guizhou province (Xiazi town, Zunyi city and Huaxi county, Guiyang city). The concentrations of 13 heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Tl, Co, Sb, Sn and Mn) in plants and soil samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The bioconcentration factors in Capsicum annuum L. were calculated. The results showed that average Cd concentration in soil was 9.33% higher than the Farmland Environmental Quality Evaluation Standard for Edible Agricultural Products (HJ/T 332?2006), and the percentage of samples whose Cd concentration exceeded the standard was 57.89%. Cd concentration in Capsicum annuum L. from Zunyi was higher than the Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods (GB 2762?2012), and the percentage of samples whose Cd concentration exceeded the standard was 85.71%. Cr concentrations in only two samples from Huaxi were over the standard limit, which were 15.36% and 12.18%, respectively. Besides, bioconcentration factors (BCF) for 13 heavy metals in Capsicum annuum L. showed a decreasing order of Cd > Cu > Zn > Hg > Sn > Tl > Mn > Sb > Ni > Co > Cr > As > Pb. The BCF of Cd in Capsicum annuum L. was 1.138, and the BCF of Pb was 0.001 9. Furthermore, the concentrations of Co, Ni and Sn in Capsicum annuum L. were significantly positively correlated with their contents in soil (P < 0.05). However, for the other elements, there were no significant correlations between their contents in Capsicum annuum L. and soil (P > 0.05). The provisional weekly intakes of Cr and Cd through the consumption of Capsicum annuum L. were much lower than the provisional tolerable weekly intakes for sensitive populations recommended by the WHO, and had no harmful effects on human health. Because of high Cd background values in karst areas of Guizhou province, attention should be paid to Cd enrichment in Capsicum annuum L. during the process of cultivation.

Key words: Capsicum annuum L., planting soil, heavy metal, bioconcentration, karst area

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