食品科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (13): 267-275.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20190626-330

• 专题论述 • 上一篇    下一篇

直链淀粉和支链淀粉分子结构研究进展

韩文芳,林亲录,赵思明,李江涛,牛桂红   

  1. (1.稻谷及副产物深加工国家工程实验室,中南林业科技大学食品科学与工程学院,湖南 长沙 410004;2.华中农业大学食品科学技术学院,湖北 武汉 430070)
  • 出版日期:2020-07-15 发布日期:2020-07-29
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31801497);湖南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(2018JJ3873); 中南林业科技大学引进人才科研启动基金项目(2016YJ060;2016YJ061); 中南林业科技大学青年科学研究基金项目(QJ2018009B)

Recent Advances in Molecular Structures of Amylose and Amylopectin

HAN Wenfang, LIN Qinlu, ZHAO Siming, LI Jiangtao, NIU Guihong   

  1. (1. National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;2. College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)
  • Online:2020-07-15 Published:2020-07-29

摘要: 淀粉是植物中储存能量的主要单元,是许多食物的主要成分和食品工业的重要主辅料,其由高度分支的支链淀粉和近似线性的直链淀粉组成。淀粉颗粒中的直链淀粉和支链淀粉的分子结构对于理解淀粉生物合成、结构与功能特性三者之间的关系至关重要,本文通过对直链淀粉的含量、结构和对淀粉颗粒结构的贡献及对支链淀粉分支链结构中的簇结构模型、构造单元骨架结构及结构层次等方面展开阐述,以期为今后淀粉中直链淀粉和支链淀粉的分子结构研究提供理论参考。

关键词: 直链淀粉, 支链淀粉, 分子结构, 簇模型, 构造单元骨架模型

Abstract: Starch is the principal energy reserve in plants and the macroscopic component of many foods, and functions as an important raw material for the food industry. It is generally accepted that starch comprises highly branched amylopectins (AP) and linear amyloses (AM). The molecular structures of AM and AP in starch granules are of crucial importance for understanding the relationship among starch biosynthesis, structure and functional properties. In this paper, the content, structure and its contribution to the structure of starch granules of AM are elucidated along with the cluster structure model, the building block backbone model and structural hierarchy of amylopectin branched chain structure. We hope that this review will provide useful information for future research on the molecular structures of amylose and amylopectin in starch.

Key words: amylose, amylopectin, molecular structure, cluster model, building block backbone model

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