食品科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (24): 241-245.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20190830-335

• 成分分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

香蕉中5 种矿物质元素含量测定及营养评价

梁水连,吕岱竹,周若浩,马晨,张利强,酒元达,王明月,   

  1. (1.中国热带农业科学院分析测试中心,海南 海口 571101;2.海南大学热带作物学院,海南 海口 570228;3.华中农业大学食品科学技术学院,湖北 武汉 430000)
  • 出版日期:2019-12-25 发布日期:2019-12-24
  • 基金资助:
    中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630082019002);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-31-13); 中国农业科学院科技创新工程“水果营养品质评价与调控”项目(CAAS-XTCX20190025-4)

Quantitative Determination and Nutritional Evaluation of Five Minerals in Banana

LIANG Shuilian, Lü Daizhu, ZHOU Ruohao, MA Chen, ZHANG Liqiang, JIU Yuanda, WANG Mingyue,   

  1. (1. Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;2. College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; 3. College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China)
  • Online:2019-12-25 Published:2019-12-24

摘要: 以广东、广西、海南、云南香蕉主产区的主栽品种为研究对象,对样品中的钾、镁、锌、铁、磷5 种矿物质进行含量测定以及品种间、产地间差异分析,进一步采用营养质量指数(index of nutritional quality,INQ)法对5 种矿物质进行营养价值评价,并与5 种热带水果、3 种浆果的5 种矿物质含量进行比较。结果表明:香蕉果实中钾、镁元素含量及INQ较高,钾含量和INQ分别为347.75 mg/100 g和4.40,镁含量和INQ分别为27.42 mg/100 g和2.10;锌、铁、磷元素在香蕉果实中的含量较低,且INQ均小于1。香蕉与5 种热带水果、3 种浆果比较分析结果表明:在9 种水果中香蕉果实中钾、镁元素含量及INQ最高,钾为荔枝、菠萝、葡萄的2~3 倍,镁为芒果、荔枝、菠萝的2~4 倍;香蕉品种间含量差异分析结果表明:4 个香蕉品种中钾含量均比较高,其品种间含量差异不大;品种间镁、铁、磷元素的含量差异显著,其中镁、铁元素含量依次为宝岛蕉>南天黄>巴西蕉>威廉斯B6;磷元素含量依次为宝岛蕉>巴西蕉>威廉斯B6>南天黄;锌含量在4 个香蕉品种间差异不显著,且INQ均小于1。不同产地分析结果表明,4 个主产区香蕉的钾、镁元素的INQ分别大于4和1,锌、铁、磷的INQ均小于1,其中云南和海南的镁、铁、磷元素INQ高于广东和广西,云南和广西的钾、锌元素INQ高于广东和海南。实验结果表明香蕉的钾、镁矿物质营养价值较高,可作为特殊人群等补充钾、镁矿物质元素的良好来源,实验结果为膳食营养合理搭配、均衡营养结构提供参考依据。

关键词: 香蕉, 矿物质元素, 营养质量指数, 营养评价

Abstract: Bananas from four major cultivars grown in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Yunnan provinces were selected to determine the contents of 5 mineral elements including potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron and phosphorus and further to analyze and the differences among cultivars and producing areas. Moreover, the index of nutrient value (INQ) was used to evaluate the nutritional value of each of the mineral elements, and their contents in bananas were compared with those in five other tropical fruits and 3 berries. The results showed that the contents and INQ values of potassium and magnesium in bananas were high, 347.75 mg/100 g and 4.40 for potassium; and 27.42 mg/100 g and 2.10 for magnesium, respectively. In contrast, the contents of iron, phosphorus and zinc in bananas were low, and the INQ values were less than 1. The comparative analysis showed that the contents and INQs of potassium and magnesium in bananas were the highest among the 9 fruits tested, and the content of potassium in bananas was 2–3 times as high as that in litchi, pineapple and grape, and 2-4 times as high as that in mango, litchi and pineapple. The contents of potassium in the 4 banana varieties were relatively high and did not differ from each other, while no varietal differences were found in the contents of magnesium, iron and phosphorus. The contents of magnesium and iron in the four banana cultivars (Musa acuminata L. AAA Cavendish) were in following order: ‘Formosana’ > ‘Nan Tian Huang’ > ‘Brazil’ > ‘Williams B6’, whereas the phosphorus contents were in the decreased order: ‘Formosana’ > ‘Brazil’ > ‘Williams B6’ > ‘Nan Tian Huang’; yet there was no significant difference in zinc content, and the INQ values were all less than 1 in these banana cultivars. For all the producing areas, the INQs of potassium and magnesium in bananas were greater than 4 and 1, respectively, and the INQs of zinc, iron and phosphorus were all less than 1. The INQs of magnesium, iron and phosphorus in bananas from Yunnan and Hainan were higher than those in bananas from Guangdong and Guangxi, and the INQs of potassium and zinc in bananas from Yunnan and Guangxi were higher than those in bananas from Guangdong and Hainan. Accordingly, the nutritive value of potassium and magnesium minerals in bananas were high, providing a good mineral source for special populations. The experimental results provide a basis for reasonable nutritional matching and well-balanced nutritional structure.

Key words: banana, mineral element, index of nutritional quality, nutritional evaluation

中图分类号: