食品科学

• 工艺技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

超声波辅助提取马铃薯淀粉及其特性的分析

王大为,刘鸿铖,宋春春,魏春光,刘婷婷   

  1. 吉林农业大学食品科学与工程学院,吉林 长春 130118
  • 出版日期:2013-08-25 发布日期:2013-09-03

Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Characterization of Potato Starch

WANG Da-wei,LIU Hong-cheng,SONG Chun-chun,WEI Chun-guang,LIU Ting-ting   

  1. College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
  • Online:2013-08-25 Published:2013-09-03

摘要:

采用超声波辅助提取马铃薯淀粉,并对淀粉特性进行研究。通过单因素和正交试验研究超声功率、处理时间、粒度及料水比对马铃薯淀粉提取率的影响;对淀粉的组成、颗粒形貌、溶解度、膨润力、透明度、糊黏度等性质进行研究。结果表明:超声功率、处理时间、粒度、料水比均对马铃薯淀粉提取率有显著影响。在马铃薯处理量300g、超声功率500W、超声时间4min、破碎粒度60目、料水比1:1(g/mL)时,淀粉提取率高达94.22%,比传统方法增加6.88%。马铃薯淀粉蛋白质含量为0.14%,直链淀粉含量为35.62%,颗粒形状为椭圆形或圆形,平均粒径为26.2μm,峰值黏度为1292BU,与传统水提法相比,透明度降低,溶解度、膨润力以及凝沉性提高。

关键词: 马铃薯淀粉, 超声波, 提取, 性质

Abstract:

An orthogonal array design was applied to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of potato starch to obtain
maximum extraction efficiency. The starch obtained in this study was investigated for chemical composition, granular
morphology, solubility, swelling power, transparency and paste viscosity. All the studied extraction conditions including
ultrasonic power, radiation time, raw material particle size and potato/water ratio had significant effects on extraction
efficiency. The extraction efficiency was as high as 94.22% under the conditions: 300 g of 60-mesh potato power, 4 min of
sonification at 500 W and a potato/water ratio of 1:1 (g/mL), a 6.88% increase compared with that obtained by the traditional
extraction procedure. The resulting sample contained 0.14% water and 35.62% amylose, and showed oval or round granules
with a mean particle size of 26.2 μm and its peak viscosity was 1292 BU. Compared with the starch obtained by the
traditional water extraction method, its transparency was lower but its solubility, swelling power and retrogradation property
were higher.

Key words: potato starch, ultrasonic, extraction, property