福建长乐海蚌保护区海蚌软体部的营养成分分析与评价

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201405035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

测定分析福建长乐海蚌保护区海蚌软体部的营养成分，并与其他经济双壳类海洋贝类进行比较。结果表明，海蚌软体部（鲜质量）中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分的含量分别为79.87%、12.07%、0.58%和5.47%。海蚌软体部（干质量）中检测出18 种氨基酸，总量为63.37%，其中必需氨基酸总量为26.23%，占氨基酸总量的41.39%，呈味氨基酸总量为25.46%，占氨基酸总量的40.18%。必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为70.62%。支链氨基酸和芳香氨基酸含量比值为2.77。按照氨基酸评分和化学评分计算结果，海蚌软体部的第一限制性氨基酸为色氨酸，第二限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸＋胱氨酸。必需氨基酸指数为78.53，构成比例符合联合国粮食与农业组织/世界卫生组织规定的优质蛋白质标准。海蚌软体部检测出16 种脂肪酸，其中包括7 种饱和脂肪酸、5 种单不饱和脂肪酸和4种多不饱和脂肪酸；不饱和脂肪酸含量占脂肪酸总量的68.19%；多不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的34.45%，其中二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸共占多不饱和脂肪酸的95.56%。海蚌软体部含有较丰富的磷、钙、镁等常量元素和铁、锌等微量元素，以及少量硒、铜、铬、钴等11 种微量元素。营养品质评价结果表明：海蚌软体部具有较高的食用价值与保健作用。

关键词: 海蚌, 软体部, 基本营养成分, 氨基酸, 脂肪酸, 矿物质

Abstract:

The nutritional components in edible part of Coelomactra antiquata (Spengler) from the nature sanctuaryof Coelomactra antiquata in Changle, east China’s Fujian Province were investigated and compared with those ofother bivalves. The results showed that the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash in fresh edible part ofCoelomactra antiquata were 79.87%, 12.07%, 0.58% and 5.47%, respectively. Eighteen amino acids were determined in theedible part of Coelomactra antiquata. In dry sample, the total content of amino acids (TAA) was 63.37%, the contents ofessential amino acids (EAA) and delicious amino acids (FAA) were 26.23% and 25.46%, respectively. The ratio of essentialamino acids and delicious amino acids to total amino acids was 41.39% and 40.18%, respectively. The ratio of total essentialamino acids to total nonessential amino acids (ΣEAA /ΣNEAA) was 70.62%. The ratio of branch-chain amino acids toaromatic amino acids was 2.77. According to nutritional evaluation based on amino acids score (AAS) and chemical score(CS), the first limiting amino acid was tryptophan (Trp) and the second limiting amino acids were methionine + cystinol(Met + Cys). It was clear that the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids met the standard of Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations /World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), as the essential amino acids index (EAAI)was 78.53. Sixteen common fatty acids were found in the edible part of Coelomactra antiquata, including 7 saturated fattyacids (SFA), 5 mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and 4 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The contents of unsaturatedfatty acids (UFA) and PUFA were 68.19% and 34.45%, respectively. Among PUFA, the ratio of EPA and DHA togetherto PUFA was 95.56%. The mineral composition of the edible part of Coelomactra antiquata was reasonable, containingabundant amounts of the macro elements P, Ca and Mg, and the trace elements Fe and Zn, and small amounts of 11 othertrace elements including Se, Cu, Cr, Co, etc. In conclusion, this study indicates that Coelomactra a

Key words: Coelomactra antiquata (Spengler), edible part, nutritional composition, amino acids, fatty acids, mineral substance

李振华，陈月忠，周永东，朱文斌，徐开达，胡红美. 福建长乐海蚌保护区海蚌软体部的营养成分分析与评价[J]. 食品科学, doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201405035.

LI Zhen-hua, CHEN Yue-zhong, ZHOU Yong-dong, ZHU Wen-bin, XU Kai-da, HU Hong-mei. Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Composition of Edible Part of Coelomactra antiquata (Spengler) in Nature Sanctuary of Coelomactra antiquata of Fujian Province[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201405035.

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福建长乐海蚌保护区海蚌软体部的营养成分分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Composition of Edible Part of Coelomactra antiquata (Spengler) in Nature Sanctuary of Coelomactra antiquata of Fujian Province

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