食品科学

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5 种食用菌多糖理化性质及免疫活性的比较研究

刘 苏,姜 玥,罗建平*,潘利华,查学强   

  1. 合肥工业大学生物与食品工程学院,安徽 合肥 230009
  • 出版日期:2015-07-15 发布日期:2015-07-08

Physicochemical Properties and Immunomodulating Activities of Polysaccharides from Five Species of Edible Mushrooms

LIU Su, JIANG Yue, LUO Jianping*, PAN Lihua, ZHA Xueqiang   

  1. School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
  • Online:2015-07-15 Published:2015-07-08

摘要:

目的:研究平菇、茶树菇、香菇、木耳、金针菇5 种食用菌多糖的理化性质和免疫活性,为食用菌的开发利用提供理论支持。方法:采用水提醇沉法提取多糖;采用分光光度法、高效凝胶渗透色谱法(high performance gelpermeation chromatography,HPGPC)、气相色谱-质谱联用法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)、红外光谱法(infrared spectrometry,IR)分析多糖的理化性质;采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay,ELISA)测定多糖的免疫活性。结果:相同条件下,5 种食用菌多糖提取率依次为平菇多糖(Pleurotusostreatus polysaccharides,POP)3.39%、茶树菇多糖(Agrocybe chaxingu polysaccharides,ACP)2.71%、金针菇多糖(Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides,FVP)2.69%、香菇多糖(Lentinus edodes polysaccharides,LEP)2.32%和木耳多糖(Auriculari aauricular polysaccharides,AAP)2.31%,它们均由分子质量不同、糖苷键为β-构型的多糖组分组成,均含有甘露糖(mannose,Man)、葡萄糖(glucose,Glc)和半乳糖(galactose,Gal)残基,且ACP还含有鼠李糖(rhamnose,Rha)和阿拉伯糖(arabinose,Ara),AAP还含有少量的木糖(xylose,Xyl);甲基化分析显示不同多糖具有不同的糖苷键连接方式,POP和LEP以→1,3-β-Glc和→1,6-β-Glc为主要连接方式,ACP以→1,6-β-Glc和→1,6-β-Gal为主要连接方式,而AAP和FVP是以→1,4-β-Glc为主要连接方式;体外免疫活性实验结果表明,5 种多糖在25~400 μg/mL质量浓度范围内无细胞毒性,可不同程度地提高巨噬细胞的吞噬能力和促进巨噬细胞分泌NO、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)的能力,其中以→1,3-β-Glc和→1,6-β-Glc为主要连接方式的LEP活性最强,以→1,3-β-Glc和→1,6-β-Glc为主要连接方式的POP次之,以→1,6-β-Glc和→1,6-β-Gal为主要连接方式的ACP效果一般,以→1,4-β-Glc为主要连接方式的AAP和FVP效果最差。结论:5 种食用菌多糖具有不同的理化性质和对巨噬细胞的免疫调节活性,且活性大小与多糖是否含有→1,3-β-Glc和→1,6-β-Glc连接方式相关。

关键词: 食用菌, 多糖, 理化性质, 巨噬细胞, 免疫调节

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the physicochemical properties and immunomodulating activities of different edible
mushroom polysaccharides. Methods: Water extraction-ethanol precipitation method was employed to isolate mushroom
polysaccharides. Spectrophotometry, high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatographymass
spectrometry (GC-MS), infrared spectrometry (IR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were using
to analyze the physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory activities of mushroom polysaccharides. Results:
Under the same conditions, the descending order of extraction rate of five mushroom polysaccharides was Pleurotus
ostreatus polysaccharides (POP), Agrocybe chaxingu polysaccharides (ACP), Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides
(FVP), Lentinus edodes polysaccharides (LEP) and Auriculari aauricular polysaccharides (AAP). These polysaccharides
from five different mushrooms had different molecular mass distributions. All the polysaccharides consisted of mannose
(Man), glucose (Glc) and galactose (Gal) with β-configuration although ACP also contained rhamnose (Rha) and arabinose
(Ara) and AAP contained a small quantity of xylose (Xyl). Methylation analysis indicated that different polysaccharides
had different glucosidic linkage types. The main glucosidic linkage types of POP and LEP consisted of →1,3-β-Glc
and →1,6-β-Glc whereas those of ACP consisted of →1,6-β-Glc and →1,6-β-Gal and those of AAP and FVP consisted
of→1,4-β-Glc. In vitro experiment results showed that the five mushroom polysaccharides had no cytotoxicity at the
concentration ranging from 25 to 400 μg/mL, could improve the phagocytic capacity of mouse peritoneal macrophages
and promote the secretion of NO, TNF-α and IL-1β from macrophages. Among all tested polysaccharides, LEP
containing →1,3-β-Glc and →1,6-β-Glc showed the strongest immunomodulating activity followed in a descending order by POP
containing →1,3-β-Glc and →1,6-β-Glc, ACP containing→1,6-β-Glc and→1,6-β-Gal, AAP and FVP containing→1,4-β-Glc.
Conclusions: These five mushroom polysaccharides had different physicochemical properties and immunomodulating
activities. Their immunomodulating activities depended on the existence of →1,3-β-Glc and →1,6-β-Glc.

Key words: edible mushroom, polysaccharides, physicochemical properties, macrophages, immunomodulation

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