Carnosic Acid Reduces Free Fatty Acid (FFA)-Induced Lipid Accumulation in HepG2 Cells by Activating Adenosine 5’-Monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20190602-002

Abstract

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of carnosic?acid on free fatty acid (FFA)-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Methods: Lipid accumulation in the cells was induced by a blend of oleic acid and palmitic acid at a molar ratio of 2:1. The cells were treated with the fatty acid blend (1 mmol/L) alone or in combination with different concentrations of carnosic acid (15 and 20 μmol/L) as well as 20 μmol/L carnosic acid plus the adenosine 5’-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor Compound C (2 μmol/L) for 24 h. The intracellular lipid content, cell activity, the contents of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), the mRNA expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and the protein expression of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) were detected to evaluate the mechanism of action of carnosic acid in lowering lipid accumulation. Results: The fatty acid blend alone and combined with carnosic acid at the concentration of 15, 20 μmol/L had no effect on cell activity. The results of oil red O staining showed that compared to the normal control group, treatment cells with the FFAs for 24 h significantly increased lipid content inside the cells. Meanwhile, upon treatment with the FFAs, the contents of intracellular TC and TG and the expression of lipid anabolism-related genes were increased, and the expression of lipid catabolism-related genes was decreased (P < 0.05). The results of oil red O staining showed that compared to the FFA-induced model group, carnosic?acid reduced intracellular lipid content. Moreover, carnosic?acid remarkably lowered the contents of TC and TG, down-regulated the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes, and up-regulated the expression of lipid oxidation-related genes and the protein expression of p-AMPK (P < 0.05). The AMPK inhibitor had no effect on cell activity, but significantly reversed the lipid-lowering effect of carnosic acid (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Carnosic acid can reduce FFA-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by regulating the transcriptional level of lipid metabolism-related genes and the expression of p-AMPK.

Key words: carnosic acid, free fatty acids, HepG2 cells, adenosine 5’-monophosphate activated protein kinase

CLC Number:

TS201.4

CHENG Jing, LIU Ying, LIU Yaojie, ZHAO Jiang, JI Yanglin, LIU Dong, WANG Hao. Carnosic Acid Reduces Free Fatty Acid (FFA)-Induced Lipid Accumulation in HepG2 Cells by Activating Adenosine 5’-Monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 2020, 41(11): 171-178.

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Carnosic Acid Reduces Free Fatty Acid (FFA)-Induced Lipid Accumulation in HepG2 Cells by Activating Adenosine 5’-Monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)

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