Abstract: The color, smell and taste with perfect blend of the five basic flavors namely sourness, sweetness, bitterness, spice and saltiness as core criterion are three aspects to describe traditional Chinese diet and food cooking and processing. The internationally recognized five tastes are identical to the Chinese ones except for the replacement of spice by umami. It is suggested that the taste of fat be defined as “aroma”, but the Chinese “aroma” belongs to the sense of smell, rather than the sense of taste. Accumulated evidences have demonstrated that the majority of taste receptors as a nutrient sensing system, such as bitterness, sweetness and umami, which have been used as the target for drug screening, belong to the super family of G protein coupled receptor, and its distribution is not restricted to the taste buds, intestinal tract and other tissues. Although a lot of achievements have made in the study of taste receptors, but so far, the instrumental determination of taste still depends on electronic nose and electronic tongue. Taste receptor-based biosensors and related technologies are still under exploration and research. The major reason is due to the effects of all receptors including taste receptors with weak interaction with their ligands. How to transform the weak interaction into signals such as light, sound, electric, magnetism and heat, which can be handled and amplified by sensors to realize quantitative measurement, is a critical problem. Because of the great prospects for the development and application of taste receptors in medical screening, functional evaluation of foods and additives, and the prevention of metabolic syndromes, developing detection methods based on using taste receptors is always one of the research focuses. This article aims to provide a systematic review of recent advances in our knowledge about taste receptors and in the development of taste receptor-based biosensors. The prospects for their future application are discussed as well.

Key words: G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), biosensor, taste receptors, electronic tongue