Through separation of grass carp protein hydrolysates (GCPHs) by ultrafiltration and consecutive chromatographic methods including ion exchange chromatography (IEC), high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC), and gel filtration chromatography (GFC), a peptide fraction with the relative molecular mass ranging 873－3139 D was obtained, which had the strongest antioxidant activity (the lowest IC50 for scavenging superoxide anion radical) compared to other two peptide fractions having the relative molecular mass ranging 379－873 D and 222－379 D, respectively. Basic peptides from hydrolyzed grass carp protein demonstrated greater antioxidant activity than the acidic or the neutral ones, and hydrophobic peptides in the GCPHs presented higher activities than the hydrophilic ones. By means of online RP-HPLC/ESI-MS, the amino acid sequence of the peptide with the strongest antioxidant activity was confirmed as Pro-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Glu-Pro-Phe-Val, and its relative molecular mass was determined as 966.3 D.

The interaction between nuciferine and ct-DNA was determined by the means of fluoresence spectrometry and UVVIS spectrometry, and the effects of NaCl and KI on the interaction were investigated. The mechanism of the interaction was also discussed by fluorescence spectroscopy using neutral red (NR) as a spectral probe in Tris-HCl buffer solution (pH 7.4). The results suggested that under physiological condition (pH 7.4) nuciferine could interact with DNA duplexes in a minor-groove binding mode or an intercalative mode. Fluorescence quenching studies revealed the presence of a static component in the quenching mechanism. The quenching constant for the interaction between nuciferine and ct-DNA was 1.396 ×106 L/mol.

A water-soluble polysaccharide from Fagopyum esculentum (FEP) was obtained by boiling water extraction and ethanol precipitation, followed by consecutive purification on DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column and Sephacryl S-400 HR column, and was subjected to freeze-drying. The elution profile of FEP on Sephacryl S-400 HR column presented only a single symmetrical peak, indicating that the FEP was purified to a homogeneous polysaccharide. The polysaccharide content in dried FEP powder was 98.5% determined by phenol-sulfuric acid assay, and no protein components were detected in the powder. The molecular weight of the FEP was calculated as 1720442 D, according to the calibration curve of standard dextrans.

After 6 d cultivation of Paecilomyces tenuipes RCEF0441 with 20 L of SDAY medium contained in 30 L fermentor, the mycelia and the broth were separated by pumping filtration. The mycelia were dried by 50 ℃ hot air, and then crushed into powder with the particle size of 80 mesh, and the broth was freeze-dried into powder. The two powders and fruit body of C. sinensis were subjected to active component analysis, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate extracts of the two powders was analyzed qualitatively and quantificationally. The results showed that the contents of total amino acids, crude protein, polysaccharide, ergosterol, mannitol and adenosine in the fermentation mycelia were higher than those in fruit body of C. sinensis, and both the fermentation mycelia and the broth contained much more crude protein and total amino acids than fruit body of C. sinensis and were rich in Zn, Fe and Ca. Both the ethyl acetate extracts of the two powders presented strong DPPH radical scavenging activity, and the relative scavenging rates at 5.0 mg/ml were 61.28 % and 81.12%, respectively.

The isolation of large quantities of good-quality RNA from fruit tissues rich in polysaccharide or polyphenol has been a long-standing problem for researchers. In this study, a self-prepared TRIZOL reagent was used to extract total RNA from tomato (rich in polysaccharide). Also, an improved PVP method was applied to extract total RNA from grape (rich in polyphenol). Compared to guanidinium thiocyanate method, the above methods resulted in higher purity and yield of total RNA from tomato and grape, respectively.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different pH values, temperatures, NaCl concentrations on hydrophobicity of whey protein isolate (WPI) exposed to hydroxyl radical-generating systems (HRGS) with different concentrations of H2O2 (1 — 20 mmol/L) or FeCl3 (0.1 — 2 mmol/L) for 1, 3 and 5 h. The results showed that the hydrophobicity of WPI was significantly influenced by oxidation and various environmental conditions. The maximal hydrophobicity of WPI was 9559.2 when exposed to 5 mmol/L H2O2-0.1 mmol/L FeCl3-0.1 mmol/L ascorbic acid system, which was 4.88 times that of the control and obviously higher than that of WPI exposed to HRGS systems with different concentrations of FeCl3. The hydrophobicity was high at pH values far away from pI 7.0 and was enhanced by the optimal temperature and NaCl concentration. These results suggest that the hydrophobicity of WPI is significantly affected by H2O2 concentration as well as environmental conditions during the oxidation process.

Citric acid treatment was applied to decontamination of B-aflatoxins in naturally mouldy peanuts, because this treatment is mild and safe without residual toxicity. Effects of citric acid concentration, liquid/solid ratio and treatment duration on content of B-aflatoxins in the peanuts were investigated. Results showed that increased citric acid concentration and liquid/ solid ratio and extended treatment duration resulted in decease of content of B-aflatoxins in the peanuts. After the treatment for 30 min with 80 g/L citric acid solution at the liquid/solid ratio of 5:1 (ml/g), the content of B-aflatoxins decreased from 98.60μg/kg to below 20 μg/kg, which is the limit stipulated in Chinese national standard (GB2761—2005).

This study measured chemical compositions, physical properties and some indexes of processing quality of 7 millet cultivars in Heilongjiang area, northeast China. The results showed that the chemical compositions of different millet varieties were different, especially in fat and ash contents. Moreover, the size of millet grain was positively correlated with the 1000-grain weight and the decortication rate, while the water absorption had a negative correlation with the moisture content. When the moisture content of millet wais between 9.9% and 10.5%, the water holding capacity was the highest; when the moisture content was 10.2%, the hardness was the maximum.

Using the simulated human gastrointestinal tract, an experiment in vitro based on physiology was carried out to investigate the effects of different foods and soybean oil on the bioavailability of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in carrots. The results showed that the bioavailability of DDTs in carrots markedly decreased when 0.12 g of spinach, cabbage, and pork were added to be a combined food. Among them, the decreasing ranges induced by spinach and cabbage were high and close to each other, which were 78.3 %－86.1 % and 69.8 %－78.6 %, respectively, but the decreasing range induced by pork was relatively low, which is 46.8 %－72.7%. In contrast, the addition of 0.12 g of rice resulted in the bioavailability increase of DDTs by 37.2 %－40.0 %. When 0.60 g of spinach, cabbage, pork and rice were added, the bioavailability of DDTs further decreased and was lower than that with 0.12 g addition. Taken together, the bioavailability of DDTs was negatively correlated with the contents of protein and fiber, but positively the content of carbohydrates and energy in food. In addition, the bioavailability of DDTs increased along with the increase in the amount of soybean oil. When 50 μl of soybean oil was used, the increasing trend of the bioavailability of DDTs was the most significant.

The viscosity and the rheological properties of common and tartary buckwheat starches were analyzed using rapid viscosity analyzer and AR-G2 rheometer during the gelatinization, respectively. Meanwhile their swellability, retrogradation, freeze-thaw stability, and transparency were also measured. The results showed that the gelatinization temperatures of the two buckwheat starches were both higher than that of mung bean, but lower than those of rice and wheat starches; the expansion process of tartary buckwheat starch was similar to that of mung starch, while the expansion process of common buckwheat starch was similar to that of wheat starch; the transparency of buckwheat starch paste was higher than that of rice starch paste but lower than those of wheat and mung starch pastes; the freeze-thaw stability of buckwheat starch paste was higher than that of rice starch paste but lower than that of mung bean starch paste; buckwheat starch paste had nice retrogradation stability; and the apparent viscosity of buckwheat starch paste was found to be irreversible with an open-ended hysteresis loop, indicating buckwheat starch paste belongs to the pseudoplastic fluid in non-Newtonian fluids, whose rheological curve accords with Sisko equation.

The paper disc diffusion method was applied to determine the antimicrobial activities of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, 95% ethanol and water extracts and crude polysaccharides from 5 kinds of gourd vegetables including pumpkin, bitter gourd, cucumber, sponge gourd and wax gourd against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract from pumpkin displayed the highest antimicrobial activity. The extract was separated by silica gel chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and two fractions with higher antibacterial activity were obtained, which exhibited broad-spectrum resistance to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella, Tetracoccus and Pseuodomonas fluorescens, especially to Staphylococcus aureus. Their minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) against Staphylococcus aureus were 1.25 mg/ml and 2.5 mg/ml, respectively.

The filter paper disc diffusion method was employed to determine the in vitro antibacterial activities of water extracts from Pu'er tea and green tea against 6 foodborne pathogenic bacterial species including L. monocytogenes, S. faecalis, E. coli, S. typhimurium, S. aureus and B. anthraci and the minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs). The results showed that the extract from Pu'er tea displayed higher antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes within the concentration range of 1%－7% (m/V) and the MIC was 0.07 mg/ml, and this extract presented inhibitory activity against all the 6 bacterial species within the concentration range of 5%－7%, especially against B. anthraci. However, the green tea extract only demonstrated inhibitory activity within the range of 1%－2% against L. monocytogenes, with the MIC of 0.09 mg/ml, but at the concentration of 3% this extract exhibited inhibitory activity against other 5 bacterial species except B. anthraci, while it exhibited inhibitory activity against all the 6 bacterial species within the range of 4%－7%, having the highest activity against S. faecalis.

Soy protein isolate (SPI) and plaster were used to mimic the gelation of traditional tofu to investigate the effects of intermolecular forces on formation and texture properties of soy protein gels. The results showed that the formation of soy protein gel is influenced by multifarious intermolecular forces and electrostatic forces, and hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds make predominant contributions to the gelation of SPI induced by plaster addition.

This study investigated the migrations of 3 polyolefin antioxidants including BHT, Irganox 1076 and Irgafos 168 with different molecular weights (MWs) and chemical structures in PE films into 6 kinds of edible oils under microwave radiation of 100 W power for different periods of time, and calculated the average diffusion coefficients of the 3 polyolefin antioxidants migrating into 6 kinds of edible oils under microwave radiation of different powers. The results indicated that the migrations of the antioxidants from PE into edible oils elevated with the increase of microwave power and the prolongation of treatment time. No significant correlations were found between the average diffusion coefficients of the antioxidants and their MWs. However, the differences in relationships between diffusion coefficient and microwave power were observed for the 3 antioxidants. A hypothesis for construction of new models for predicting the diffusion coefficient was proposed based on the particularity of migration under microwave radiation.

The pigments from Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum flower were obtained by 20% ethanol extraction followed by microwave treatment. After the multi-stage extraction with n-butanol-petroleum ether, ethyl ether and ethyl acetate, the pigments were subjected to separation by silica-G thin-layer chromatography (TLC). We analyzed detailly the spectral properties of two main fractions obtained from the pigments. The thin-layer plate containing 1.8% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was found to be the most effective TLC plate for separation of the pigments. The maximum separation efficiency was achieved when the developer was composed of distilled water, ethanol, n-butanol and ethyl acetate at the ratio of 11:8:30:36. Seven water-soluble components were isolated from the crude pigments (two of them as the main contributor of the pigment color). The pigments from Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum flower contained anthocyanidin. In the case of the two main color contributors of the pigments, monomer Ⅰ may be isoflavones and monomer Ⅱ may be either isoflavones or anthocyanidin.

Instant rice was prepared with 13 varieties of rice cultured widely in China. The sensory quality and physicochemical indexes of instant rice produced from the 13 rice varieties were measured, and the relationships between sensory qualities of instant rice and chemical components of rice, between physico-chemical indexes of instant rice and chemical components of rice, between sensory qualities of instant rice and cooking properties of rice, between physicochemical indexes of instant rice and cooking properties of rice were studied by regression and correlation analysis. Results indicated that the chemical components of rice showed an extremely significant or significant correlation with sensory qualities, and power exponent model of amylase, protein and fat contents could accurately forecast the sensory qualities of instant rice. Also, the cooking properties of rice had significant influences on sensory qualities of instant rice. Good sensory quality of instant rice could be obtained from the raw material with low gel consistency, and high water absorption and iodine blue value.

This study investigated the property changes of corn starches containing 10%, 18%, 25% and 30% moisture before and after being treated by oven and high-pressure sterilizer at 121 ℃ for 5 h. The results indicated that after heat-moisture treatment, pits appeared in the center of starch particles, the crystallization degree of particles increased, the gelatinization temperature rose, and the paste viscosity decreased. Under the same conditions, the high-pressure sterilizer treatment exhibited more significant effects on starch properties than the oven treatment. Altogether, the heat-moisture treatment can obviously affect the properties of corn starch.

The crude polysaccharides that were extracted from dried samples of Artemisi aintegrifolia with hot water were subjected to consecutive protein removal, decoloration, ethanol precipitation and purification on DEAE cellulose DE-52. Three fractions (PSWP-1, PSWP-2 and PSWP-3) were obtained. And these fractions were further purified on Sephadex G-100 column. The elution profile of each fraction on Sephadex G-100 column presented only a single symmetrical peak. The purity and the molecular weights, the monosaccharide compositions, and the chemical structure of these three fractions were analyzed using HPGPC, HPLC and IR spectrometry method, respectively. Results showed that the molecular weight of PSWP-1 was around 1.1513×105D and was composed of rhamnose and glucose at the molar radio of 1.000:1.703; the molecular weight of PSWP- 2 was nearly 1.2491×105D and the glucose was the only hydrolysis product; and the molecular weight of PSWP-3 was around 1.1663 × 105D and the hydrolysates contained rhamnose and glucose with the molar radio of 1.000:2.189. Infrared spectral analysis showed the three fractions were probably kinds of pyran-polysaccharides jointed by β  glycosidic bonds.

The optical density (OD) and agar plate methods were employed to measure the antibacterial activities and the MICs of chitosans with different molecular weights against Staphylococcus aureus (St. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), respectively. The membrane permeabilities of St. aureus and E. coli treated with 50-kD molecular weight chitosan were investigated by determining the relative conductivity and the permeability of outer membrane of E. coli treated with the chitosan by determining the fluorescence with 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN) as the fluorescent probe. In addition, the effect of the 50-kD molecular weight chitosan on fluorescence spectrum of membrane protein of E. coli was investigated to elucidate the antibacterial mechanism of the chitosan. Results showed that the 50-kD molecular weight chitosan increased the membrane permeability of St. aureus and E. coli and ultimately disrupted the bacterial cell membrane. Also, this chitosan quenched fluorescence activity of tryptophan (Trp) residues, and the quenching action performed in static state, suggesting that the action target of chitosan to bacteria is their membrane.

Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) was extracted from jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum) umbrella and its parts of physicalchemical properties were investigated. According to amino acid composition and SDS-PAGE analysis, the collagen was confirmed to belong to the type I collagen family. The content of total sugar was 2.8%, and the thermal denaturation temperature and the thermal shrinkable temperature were 28.8 ℃ and 51.6 ℃, respectively, which were lower than those of type I collagen from bovine skin. IR spectrum showed that the PSC kept a great amount of triple helix structure. Furthermore, it had the highest solubility at pH 3 and its isoelectric point was at about 6. However, when salt concentration was over 4 % (m/V) in acidic medium, the PSC solubility sharply decreased.

The water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from Tremella fuciformis were degraded into low-molecular-weight polysaccharides using hydrochloric acid under different conditions. Then the antioxidant effects of the low-molecular-weight Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (LTPs) obtained were investigated via the determination of DPPH radical scavenging activity in vitro. The results indicated that after the degradation in 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution at 50 ℃ for 0.5－3 h, the viscosity of the initial polysaccharides solution declined gradually from 17.8 mPa · s to 16.5－9.8 mPa · s, and the average molecular weights (MWs) of the LTPs were within the range of 2－10 kD and their antioxidant activity was higher than that of the undegraded water-soluble Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides . However, the LTPs with the average MW of higher than 10 kD or less than 2 kD, had weak antioxidant activity.

The effects of different doses of 60Co gamma-ray on the total bacterial, coliform and mould counts of grape seed superfine powder were explored according to the Chinese national standards of GB4789.2 — 2003, GB4789.3 — 2003 and GB4789.15—2003, respectively, and the changes in main functional components including total ployphenols, procyanidines and resveratrol of the grape seed superfine powder irradiated by different doses of 60Co gamma-ray were investigated and the mathematical models of their contents as a function of irradiation dose of 60Co gamma-ray were established. The results showed that 60Co gamma-ray irradiation could effectively kill bacteria, coliform and mould in the grape seed superfine powder, and the percentages of these microorganisms synchronously decreased with the increase of irradiation dose. The D10 values of bacteria and mould were 3.51 and 4.26 kGy respectively, the tolerance of mould to irradiation was higher than that of bacteria, and the optimum irradiation dose for sterilization was in the range of 8－9 kGy. After the 60Co gamma irradiation at 8 kGy, the hygienic target of the grape seed superfine powder fitted the Chinese national standard of health products, and the contents of total polyphenols, procyanidines and resveratrol did not significantly change. Furthermore, the grape seed superfine powder had better storability to lengthen the storage life and maintain good quality after sterilization by 60Co gamma-ray.

The aim of this study was to analyze the main components, safe indexes and changes of old brine before and after rebrining. Results showed that the old brine possessed higher pH and contents of water, total sugar, crude protein and ash after rebrining while the contents of salt and crude fat before rebrining significantly decreased (p ＜ 0.05). Significant differences were observed in pH and crude protein content before and after rebrining. However, no pronounced effects of rebrining were found on the safety indexes such as total microorganism count, nitrite content, TBA value and POV value. The values of the four safety indexes were far lower than their lowest limit stipulated in Chinese national food hygiene standards. Besides having no adverse effects on health, old brine is therefore very favorable to the characteristic flavour of water-boiled salted duck.

The red pigments that were extracted from edible-leaf beet stems using 80% ethanol were subjected to spectral scanning in the wavelength range of 230－700 nm, and the influences of sucrose, pH value, temperature, reducer, oxidizer, light and metal ions on the stability of the red pigments were investigated. The results showed that the pigments had two peaks in the UV region, which were at 270 nm and 334 nm, respectively, and also had two peaks at 538 nm and 666 nm in the visible light region. The red pigments from edible-leaf beet stems was stable when heated for 30 min below 70 ℃, but it could not resist high temperature; the color of the red pigments was stable when pH was below 10; the pigments presented weak antioxidant capacity, and the color would fade when exposed to the natural light for a long time, while sugar had no obvious effect on it; and other metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ had no effects on it, except Fe3+ and Al3+ exhibiting hypochromic effect, while K+ and Na+ presenting hyperchromic effect.

Selenium enrichment in Salicornia bigelovii Torr. was achieved by the means of foliage spray of Na2SeO3 solution. The effects of Na2SeO3 concentration, pH adjustment of Na2SeO3 solution and spraying times on the contents of total selenium and organic selenium and the conversion ratio of organic selenium were investigated by single factor test, and the three factors were optimized by response surface analysis (RSA) with the organic selenium content as the indicator. The results showed that the optimal conditions for selenium enrichment were as follows: the Na2SeO3 concentration, 200 mg/L; adjusting the pH of Na2SeO3 solution to 7.3; and spraying the Na2SeO3 solution twice. Under these conditions, the total selenium content, organic selenium content and translation rate were up to 2.58 μg/g, 1.29 μg/g and 50%, respectively.

The effects of mixed ratio of three materials (peanut protein flour, carrageenan and corn starch), concentration of the mixture, heating temperature, heating time and pH on the gelation of peanut protein flour were discussed, and the texture properties such as hardness and springiness of the gel formed were determined by a texture analyzer (TA-XT plus). The optimal gelation conditions of peanut protein flour were obtained by orthogonal test design as follows: ratio of peanut protein flour/ carrageenan/corn starch 8.00:0.23:1.77, concentration of the mixture 18%, pH 6.75, and heating the mixture solution at 90 ℃ for 30 min. The complex gel obtained under the optimized conditions possessed good thermal stability and storage property.

Crystallization that is greatly affected by impurities even in trace quantity is a key procedure in the production of sugar. This study focused on the effects of trace addition of Fe (Ⅲ) on the metastable zone width of saturated sugar solution and the growth rate of sugar crystal. The metastable zone was widened due to the addition of Fe (Ⅲ), and the growth rate of sugar crystal slowed down gradually with the increase of Fe (Ⅲ) concentration in the saturated sugar solution. And the mathematical models of the metastable zone width and the growth rate of sugar crystal were established as a function of the Fe (Ⅲ) concentration, respectively.

The anthocyanin extracted from fruit of C. burmannii was purified by macroporous adsorption resin and semipreparative HPLC, and then the effects of temperature, light and pH on the activity of the anthocyanin to scavenge DPPH radical was investigated. The results showed that the IC50 of the anthocyanin was 4.6 μg/ml. Its antioxidant capacity significantly decreased after being heated for 5 h at 100 ℃ or for 30 min at 130 ℃. No significant difference in the DPPH radical scavenging activity was found between the treatment for 3 d at pH 9 and that for 2 d at pH 10. Fluorescence radiation for 1 h at different intensities led to sharp decreases of the DPPH radical scavenging activity to almost the same extent. After that the DPPH radical scavenging activity almost did not change regardless of the increase of fluorescence intensity or the prolongation of duration. Sunlight intensity exhibited significant effect on the activity of the anthocyanin to scavenge DPPH radical.

The content of γ-aminobutyric acid (γ-GABA), one of the main functional components in rice, changes with the parts and the germination periods of rice. This study aimed to analyze the changes in γ-GABA content in differert parts of rice and brown rice of 26 varieties (containing 12 japonica varieties and 14 indica varieties) that have been recently bred in Yunnan province or Zhejiang province and were grown in Xinping county in Yunnan province during germination. The results showed that Diannong S-1/Dianjing 8, HIPj 1, Wendao1/ IR 36 and Wendao 2/IR 36 had the highest γ-GABA content among the 26 rice varieties; the γ-GABA contents in different parts of rice before germination decreased in the following order: rice germ ＞ rice husk ＞ brown rice ＞ polished rice; the germination activation for 24－28 h could significantly promote the accumulation of γ-GABA in rice and brown rice, showing a trend of first increase and then decrease, and the γ-GABA content in brown rice reached maximum at 24 h of germination; the accumulation rate and quantity in different parts of germinated rice and germinated brown rice were different, and the γ-GABA contents in different parts decreased in the following order: rice germ ＞ brown rice ＞ polished rice ＞ rice husk; after germination activation, the γ-GABA accumulation quantity in brown rice was more than that in rice, and the average content of γ-GABA in rice germ of 12 japonica varieties was higher than that of 14 indica varieties.

Previous studies have proved that pulsed electric fields (PEF) that has been extensively applied in food preservation may result in the enhancement of functional properties of food. The present study focused on the reversion of effects of PEF treatment on functional properties of casein. Results showed that the increasing degree of emulsifying property and foaming capacity of casein resulted from the PEF treatment declined after standing for 24 h, and this decreasing degree reduced with the increase of the parameters of PEF.

The ·OH, DPPH·and O2·free radical systems and Fe3+ reduction system were selected to assay the antioxidant activities of different concentrations of collagen peptides from chicken bone. Results indicated that the collagen peptides presented significant scavenging activity to all of the three free radicals. In a certain concentration range, the maximum scavenging rates to ·OH, DPPH· and O2· free radicals were 99.74%, 80.24% and 53.71%, respectively, and the corresponding IC50 values were 4.85mg/ml, 32.06 and 16.48 μg/ml respectively. Also, the collagen peptides showed the significant reduction activity to iron ions.

As a reducer, sdium sulfite can cleave the protein disulfide bonds and enhance the functional properties of protein. In the present study, rapeseed meal was hydrolyzed by Alcalase in the presence of sdium sulfite. The effects of sodium sulfite on the proteolysis rate and the functional properties of the hydrolysates were investigated. Results showed that the degree of hydrolysis (DH) at 120 min with the addition of sodium sulfite was 1.6 times of that in the absence of sodium sulfite. However, the emulsifying capacity, foaming capacity and foaming stability of the hydrolysates were decreased by the addition of sodium sulfite, which may be caused by the higher DH. On the other hand, the oil adsorption and foaming stability of the hydrolysates could be increased by ultrafiltration and diafiltration.

Food gums can not only improve the quality of foods and stabilize foods, but also enhance their emulsifying and gelling properties. In this study, the effects of added four gums including gelatin, carrageenan, sodium alginate and xanthan gum on the texture characteristics of sandwich ham were investigated. Among the four gums, the addition of carrageenan exhibited the most favorable effect on the texture characteristics of sandwich ham, while the sandwich ham added with sodium alginate had the worst texture characteristics. The study demonstrated that form and amount of added gum also affected the texture characteristics of sandwich ham. A three-factor and three-level orthogonal test design was carried out to select the optimal gum from gelatin, carrageenan and xanthan gum as well as its form and amount. The results showed that the sandwich ham added with 0.3% carrageenan in powder form attained the highest comprehensive sensory score.

Water plays an important role in the quality, taste and rheological characteristics of steamed bread. In the present study, the migration of water in the storage process of stemed bread was investigated at the molecular level by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and texture profile analysis (TPA) methods. The significant correlation (p < 0.01) was found between the hardness of steamed bread and the NMR parameters. It was implied that the hardness index of steamed bread is closely related with its water existing state during storage, and the migration of water is the important reason causing the aging of steamed bread. Furthermore, the aging speed of the core of steamed bread lags to that of the surface.

The thermomechanical and rheological properties of oat dough with different levels of extrogenous proteins (gluten, soy protein, egg albumin) were mainly analyzed using the Mixolab and the Rheometer in the present study. The Mixolab results showed that gluten and soy protein could significantly (p < 0.05) increase the water absorption of the doughs, while egg albumin reduced it. All three extrogenous proteins may shorten the dough development time, and the gluten was the most effective, while soy protein had the least influence. Compared to the soy protein-oat dough, the dough with gluten or egg albumin had a longer period of stability, especially at the levels of 10% and 15%, respectively. The highest peak torque and setback were observed in the dough containing egg albumin when the starch gelatinized, and the increased addition of egg albumin resulted in the increases of the two parameters, whereas soy protein addition decreased both of the parameters and gluten addition showed no significant effects. The elastic modulus (G’) and viscous modulus (G”) of the dough with gluten or soy protein that recorded in the oscillatory tests drastically increased as the increase of addition level, but egg albumin led to the contrary results. DSC analysis showed that egg albumin and soy protein significantly (p < 0.05) increased the peak temperature (Tp) and the conclusion temperature (Tc), and also increased the enthalpy (ΔH) to a certain extent, while gluten showed no significant effects.

Quantum chemical calculation at the DFT/B3LYP theory level, with the 6-31G* basis set, was employed to analyze a set of molecular properties of 36 polyphenol compounds whose antioxidant activities have been measured by Soobrattee et al (Soobrattee M A , et al. Mutation Research, 2005, 579: 200－213) using 4 different assay methods. The correlations between the antioxidant activities measured using 4 different assay methods and 15 quantum chemical parameters calculated were analyzed, and four mathematical models describing the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSARs) between them were set up using multiple linear regression method, which can provide theory basis for further study on antioxidant mechanism of polyphenol compounds and development of new polyphenol compounds with higher biological activity.

Our previous study has shown that the culture supernatant of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia can effectively degrade aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). In this study, the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia NMO-3 preserved in our lab was selected to degrade AFB1, and the fermentation medium and conditions of the strain were optimized to achieve the highest degradation rate of aflatoxin B1. Fructose, tryptone and Mg2+ (MgCl) were selected as the optimum carbon source, nitrogen source and metal ion for the fermentation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia NMO-3 by one-factor-at-a-time method, and their optimal addition amounts were optimized by quadratic regression orthogonal design. In addition, five fermentation conditions such as initial pH of medium, inoculation amount, temperature and medium volume filled into 300-ml erlenmeyer flask were also optimized by one-factor-at-a-time method. The results showed that the optimal medium contained 1.0% fructose, 1.0% tryptone and 0.05 mmol/L magnesium chloride, and the optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: pH 7.5; temperature, 35 ℃; seed age, 12 h; inoculation amount, 5% (V/V); medium volume filled into 300-ml erlenmeyer flask, 25 ml; shaking speed, 140 r/min; and fermentation cycle, 24 h. After the mixture of 800 μl of the culture supernatant obtained under the optimized conditions and 200 μl of 500 μg/ml AFB1 solution was left to incubate for 72 h at 35 ℃, the degradation rate of AFB1 attained the maximum value, 94.29%.

Protamex was employed to modify alcohol-leached soy protein concentrate (ALSPC) in this study. With nitrogen solution index (NSI) as the evaluation indicator, a four-factor and three-level response surface analysis was conducted to optimize four hydrolysis parameters including pH, temperature, substrate concentration and enzyme concentration. The results showed that the optimum conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were as follows: pH 6.6, hydrolysis temperature 54 ℃, substrate concentration 6% and enzyme concentration 5.5%. After the hydrolysis for 5 h under the above conditions, the NSI reached 84.45%.

Two kinds of yeast extracts including 1 brewer＇s yeast extract produced by a Chinese company and 4 baker＇s yeast extracts produced by the Chinese company, a UK company, two French companies were selected to compare their characteristics and the effects on the growth of typical engineering bacteria such as E.coli BL21, DH5 αand DH10B. The results showed that the clarity of brewer＇s yeast extract from the Chinese domestic producer was lower than those of the 3 baker＇s yeast extracts from overseas producers while no differences in the contents of total nitrogen and amino nitrogen were observed between the bakers＇yeast extract from the domestic producer and from the overseas producers. E.coli DH5 α showed better growth in the domestic yeast extracts while E.coli DH10B in the yeast extracts from the overseas producers. No significant effect, however, was observed on the growth of E.coli BL21 between the domestic and overseas products. Therefore, a suitable yeast extract is one of the key factors affecting the microbial fermentation according to the growth and metabolism of different strains.

Three strains of lactic acid bacteria and five strains of yeast were isolated and identification from the traditional starter used for producing rice steamed sponge cake. According to the colonial morphology and biological characteristics, the three strains of lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus casei, and the five strains yeast belong to Brettanomyces.

To improve significantly the biosynthesis of isovaleryl-L-carnitine catalyzed by lipase needs to select an efficient and suitable reaction medium that is not only polar but also hydrophobic. [Bmim]PF6, which can meet the above two requirements, was applied as the reaction medium in the present study. The effects of 7 key reaction conditions on the biosynthesis of isovaleryl-L-carnitine were investigated. The optimal reaction conditions obtained were as follows: Novozyme 435 as the catalyst, initial water activity 0.22, molar ratio of isovaleric acid to L-carnitine 4:1, lipase amount 50 mg (in the reaction system containing 0.4 mmol of L-carnitine and 1.6 mmol of sovaleric acid), molecular sieve amount (added at the beginning of the reaction) 200 mg, rotation speed of shaking table 200 r/min, temperature 60 ℃, and reaction duration 40 h. Under these conditions, the product yield reached 59.61%, which is higher than that in reaction medium of acetonitrile.

A novel endophytic bacterial strain XJ-EG-GB-13 against several species of plant pathogenic bacteria was isolated and identified from E.glauca stems by grinding method and agar diffusion test. The biological properties of the XJ-EG-GB-13 were also under this investigation. The results showed that the optimal growth temperature and pH value for the XJ-EG-GB- 13 were 37 ℃ and 6, respectively. According to morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties and 16 S rDNA sequencing, the XJ-EG-GB-13 had 99.791% homology to Bacillus.subtilis subsp.subtilis. The results suggested that the XJ-EG-GB-13 is a potential and promising bacterium for studies of the mechanism of antagonist.

In order to screen an esterase source for rapid determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues, the changes in catalytic activity of esterases from wheat, corn, soybean and rice to α-napthyl acetate were investigated during the development period from seed to seedling, and the catalytic activities of esterase from different parts of wheat seeds were compared. The results indicated that for all the four crops, the esterase activity presented general declining trend during the sprouting and seedling periods and the catalytic activities of esterase from seeds decreased in the following order: wheat, corn, rice and soybean. Seeds of wheat Longmai 26, Yumai 39 and Mai 976189 showed higher esterase activity than the others and the highest esterase activity was observed in the brans of wheat Longmai 26. The bran of wheat Longmai 26 is therefore, highly recommended as an esterase source for fast detection of phosphate pesticide residues.

Bactericin produced by the fermentation of L. acidophilus has a broad antibacterial spectrum. In order to obtain the bactericin having high antibacterial activity (against E. coli), a Plackett-Burman design was conducted to screen the components of the optimal one among 11 media and the fermentation conditions that significantly affect the bactericin production by L. acidophilus NX2-6. The results showed that MRS was the optimal medium, because the bactericin produced in this medium had the largest diameter of inhibition zone. Glucose (p ＝ 0.0006), sodium acetate (p ＝ 0.0002), C6H5Na3O7·H2O (p ＜ 0.0001) and culture time (p＝0.0002) were the significant factors affecting the bacteriocin production by L. acidophilus NX2-6.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and pyruvate kinase (PYK) are the key enzymes in the metabolism of Xanthomonas campestris that critically affect the xanthan gum biosynthesis. This study focused on the effects of Mg2+ and Mn2+ concentrations on G-6-PDH and PYK activities and sugar residue during shake flask cultivation and fermentor cultivation of Xanthomonas campestris2HL. The optimal concentrations of Mg2+ and Mn2+ in the shake flask cultivation were confirmed as 0.4 g/100 ml and 0.04 g/100 ml, respectively. Then fermentor cultivation was carried out to verify the results of shake flask cultivation to further study the effects of the two metal ions on biosynthesis of xanthan gum in the scale-up fermentation. The results indicated that the addition of 0.4 g/100 ml Mg2+ notably elevated the activity of G-6-PDH, while the addition of 0.04 g/100 ml Mn2+ increased the activity of pyruvate kinase to a great degree, which both were coincident with the results of shake flask cultivation. During the early fermentor cultivation the residual sugar generally tended to decrease but to be stable after 60 h. Therefore, Mg2+ and Mn2+ may reduce the content of residual sugar to a certain degree and promote the utilization of carbon source.

The microbial fermentation in organic-aqueous system is an effective method for the conservation of sterols into AD, but some related problems such as integrity of bacterial membrane and mass transfer resistance still have not been solved. In the present study, the Mycobacterium sp. BD696-6 immobilized on different carriers was used to convert sterols into AD. Compared to the strains immobilized on vegetable sponge, cotton yarn and bubble, the diatomite-immobilized strain resulted in the highest AD yield. Furthermore the conversion conditions of sterols by the fermentation of the diatomite-immobilized strain were optimized by orthogonal test design. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: addition amount of diatomite to seed culture medium 7 g/L, inoculation amount 18% (V/V), concentration of sterols in fermentation medium 3 g/L, and fermentation time 7 d; under these conditions, the AD yield was up to 81.47%, which was 19.52% higher than that by the fermentation of the free strain.

Cellulase-catalyzed hydrolysis was used to extract polysaccharides from the collected mycelia of Gloeostereum incarnatum 105 after submerged fermentation. The extraction technology was optimized by orthogonal factorial design based on single factor test. The results showed that the optimal conditions for extracting polysaccharides from mycelia of Gloeostereum incarnatum 105 were as follows: solid/liquid ratio 1:60, pH 5.3, cellulose amount 2.5%, and hydrolysis temperature 43 ℃ for a hydrolysis duration of 2.0 h; under these conditions, the yield of polysaccharides reached 4.86%.

The media for biomass and arachidonic acid (ARA) production by Mortierella alpina ME-1 were optimized in shake flask cultures using response surface methodology (RSM). Two imperial polynomial models were developed, and tae maximum biomass yield of 36.86 g/L that appeared at glucose, yeast extract (YE), KH2PO4 and NaNO3 of 90.16, 12.50, 3.80 and 3.54 g/L, respectively, while a maximum ARA yield of 9.65 g/L that appeared at glucose, YE, KH2PO4 and NaNO3 of 103.16, 11.66, 3.80 and 3.43 g/L , respectively, in 6.5-day fermentation were predicted. Verified by validation experiments showed excellent correlations between their predicted and measured values. The results of bioreactor fermentation also illustrated that the optimized culture medium enhanced both biomass (34.21 ± 1.01 g/L in 5-d fermentation) and ARA (9.86 ± 0.45 g/L in 6-d fermentation) production by M. alpine ME-1 in a large-scale fermentation process.

ACE inhibitory peptides were prepared from Spirulina phycobiliproteins by pepsin or trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis and the ACE inhibitory activities were determined by in vitro spectrophotometric assay so as to optimize the hydrolysis conditions by orthogonal factorial design. The results showed the conditions for pepsin-catalyzed hydrolysis were as follows: enzyme/ substrate ratio 1:50, pH 3.0 and substrate concentration 5% (m/V), and hydrolysis temperature 37 ℃ for a hydrolysis duration of 120 min, and these conditions resulted in 82.16% of the ACE inhibition rate and the IC50 reached 0.104 mg/ml; the optimal conditions for trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis were as follows: enzyme/substrate ratio 1:50, pH 8.0 and substrate concentration 6% (m/V), and hydrolysis temperature 42 ℃ for a hydrolysis duration of 160 min; and the IC50 of trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysates of Spirulina phycobiliproteins by pepsin (both under the optimized conditions) reached 0.087 mg/ml.

The cellulase from Aspergillus niger was used to hydrolyze cellotriose, cellotetraose and cellopentaose. The hydrolysis characteristics of the three cellooligosaccharides with different degrees of polymerization (DPs) were compared to understand the effect of DP on cellulose-catalyzed of cellooligosaccharides and explain the hydrolysis law. The results showed that the relative degree of hydrolysis (DH) decreased with the increase of DP. The oligosaccharides in intermediate products and in substrate showed competitive reaction with the enzyme and the oligosaccharides with lower DP displayed priority in the hydrolysis. Excessive usage of enzyme was unable to markedly enhance the hydrolysis. The elevated initial substrate concentration led to the decrease of relative DH. The optimum working temperatures was 55 ℃ for Aspergillus niger cellulase at pH 5.0.

Balb/c Mice were immunized with the malachite green (MG) coupled with bovine serum albumin, and a strain of hybridoma cell named 5G6, which can stably secret monoclonal antibody (McAb), were obtained by cell hybridoma technology. The subclass of the McAb was IgG1, and the light chain was κ type. The ascites titer determined by indirect ELISA was 1.28 ×105, while the indirectly competitive ELISA showed that its IC50 to malachite green was 1.36 ng/ml. Except crystal violet (CV), the McAb had no cross-reaction with leucomalachite green (LMG).

Objective: To construct the gene of single chain Fv (scFv) fragment against clenbuterol, to predict secondary and tertiary structures of its encoding protein by computer assisted modeling and to analyze its physical and chemical properties. Methods: The gene of clenbuterol scFv was constructed with 5D1 hybridoma cells that is able to secret monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with high activity and specificity against clenbuterol as the raw material, and sequenced by splicing overlap extension (SOE) PCR assay. Furthermore, its amino acid sequence was deduced and the secondary and tertiary structures were predicted using biological information software. Meanwhile, its physical and chemical properties were analyzed. Results: The full-length scFv gene had 720 bp and encoded 225 amino acids. The relative molecular weight of the scFv was 25826.6, its predictive isoelectric point (pI) was 8.78 and the antibody belonged to alkaline protein. The predicted secondary structure showed that the protein contained 20 α-helix, 99 β-sheet, 28 β-turn and 93 random coli. The mimic tertiary structure model of the scFv indicted that the VL and VH was involved in composing the hydrophobic“ pocket” which was beneficial to the antigen binding, but the linker was free from this structure. Conclusion: The successful construction of a scFv gene cbl against clenbuterol by us can laid the foundation for the further research into the expression, purification and bioactivity of genetic engineering antibody.

The yclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) produced by a high-yield CGTase-producing stain of Bacillus that isolated from soil was isolated from the fermentation broth of this strain by ammonium sulphate fractional salting out and then sequentially purified by DEAE-cellulose DE-52 ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. The SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the CGTase obtained by the above procedures was of electrophoresis grade, and its molecular weight was 33 kD. The purification multiple and the recovery rate were 10 and 14.4 %, respectively. The optimum reaction temperature of the CGTase was 50 ℃, and this enzyme was stable in the range of 40—60 ℃. Its optimum reaction pH was 8.0, and it was stable in the range of pH 6.0 —10.0. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Fe2+, Cu2+ and Mg2+.

The study of genomics depends on quick and high-flux screening of functional genes, and the rapid development of plant transient expression technology makes it possible to express exogenous genes in plants to widen the investigation of functional genes. The use of green fluorescent protein gene can indicate the expression of target gene, therefore we constructed a plant transient expression vector containing two separate expression frames, one with rare restriction enzyme cleavage sites for cloning and expression of target gene and the other frame with enhanced green fluorescent protein gene. Meanwhile, the vector transiently expressed green fluorescent protein gene in tobacco leaves and detached tomato fruits by agrobacterium-mediated method, indicating the potent feasibility of this vector for transient expression.

Total 216 bacterial strains were isolated from the traditional fermented meat products “Nanx wudl”, and 9 nitrate reducing strains were screened by the liquid media method combined with fast semi-quantitative plate method according to the conversion ability of nitrate to nitrite. Among them, the strains No. 1708 and No. 1709 had the highest reducing activity. Furthermore, these two strains were salt-tolerant and non-hemolytic and did not cause the generation of peculiar smell. Therefore they might be developed as a potential meat starter. According to the physiological-biochemical and molecular biological identification, both of them were Staphylococcus carnosus.

Crude glycolipids extracted from ground fresh carp head with 90% ethanol were subjected to purification by HP- 20 column chromatography and identification by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and infrared (IR) spectrum. And the antitumor activity of the glycolipids was determined by MTT assay for measuring cytotoxicity. The IR spectral analysis showed that the molecules of the analyte contaied the carbohydrate rings with fatty acyl side chain as corresponding acid, which is a general structural feature of glycolipids. Incubation of glycolipids with human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and liver cancer Bel-7402 cells for 24, 48 and 72 h significantly inhibited the growth of caner cells in vitro within the range of 10－400 μg/ml. The HE staining indicated that morphological alterations as indicative of apoptosis were observed in both MCF-7 cells and liver Bel-7402 when incubated with glycolipid extract for 72 h. Theur results suggested that, in breast and liver cancer cells, glycoplipid from carp head delays cell cycle progression by promoting accumulation of cells in S phase without affecting the rate of apoptosis and this S-phase accumulation acts in a significant time-dependent manner.

It has been proved that ursolic acid has diverse bioactivities such as antivirus and antitumor actions, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and reducing blood lipid, etc. However, whether it has no any acute and genetic toxicity remains unknown. In this study, in order to understand the acute toxicity of ursolic acid extract from Ledum pulastre L., the acute oral toxicity test was conducted in mice according to the Horn's method, and the mouse bone marrow micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests were also conducted to investigate the genetic toxicity of this ursolic acid extract. The results showed that the LD50 of the ursolic acid extract in mice was 9.26 g/ kg. The frequencies of micronucleus in mice administered with high, medium and low doses of the ursolic acid extract were 2, 2 and 1.8, respectively. No significant differences (p ＞ 0.05) in frequency of micronucleus were observed between the mice administered with the ursolic acid extract and normal mice, while the difference (p ＜ 0.05) was significant between the former and the mice from positive control group. The chromosomal aberration rates in the mice administered with high, medium and low doses of the ursolic acid extracts were 1.2%, 1.2% and 1.0%, respectively, and these results were not significantly different from those in normal mice, but significantly differed from those in the positive control mice. The results suggested that the ursolic acid extract from Ledum pulastre L. is safe with low acute toxicity but without genetic toxicity.

Preadipocytes were isolated from adipose tissue of SD rats by enzyme digestion, and their cellular morphology and growth curve were analyzed. Furthermore, preadipocytes were induced to differentiation and identified by Oil Red O staining. The results showed that this method can obtain preadipocytes with rapid proliferation and high rate of inducible adipogenic differentiation. Besides, this study also focused on the effects of glycomacropeptide (GMP) isolated from whey protein concentrate on the proliferation of preadipocytes. It was found that the GMP can inhibit the proliferation of preadipocytes.

Objective: To study the effects of ovum oil of Rana chensinensis on antioxidant capacity in mice exposed to cold stress to lay a foundation for rational development and utilization of the oil. Methods: Forty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, cold stress group, 5-time dose group of the oil and 25-time dose group of the oil, with 10 mice in each group. The two dose groups were subjected to a 28-day gastric perfusion, and the control group and the cold stress group were treated with the same amount of saline. A 30-min cold stress treatment to others except the control group mice began in －10 ℃ refrigerator 30 min after the gastric perfusion since the 15th day. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the MDA content in blood and brain tissues of newly sacrificed mice were measured. Results: The oil increased the activity of SOD (p < 0.01) in mice blood and brain tissues, and reduced the content of MDA (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The ovum oil of Rana chensinensis can enhance the antioxidant capacity in mice exposed to cold stress.

The procedures for risk assessment of micronutrients are described based on recent researches and the difference between the methods for risk assessment of micronutrients and for traditional generic risk assessment is also analyzed in this article. In order to further perfect the method of risk assessment for micronutrients and provide scientific basis for the adjustment of enhancement strategy of food nutrition and the revision of related regulations and standards, models for determination of acceptable intake range of micronutrients and disability-adjusted life-years methods are introduced to tradeoff between risk and benefit based on the latest research development in this field.

Several strains (species) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Lactococcus lactis can undergo respiration metabolism and thrive in the presence of both oxygen and a heme source. Genetic evidence suggests that cydA genes encoding cytochrome d oxidase are expressed at the end of log phase, and aerobic respiration is regulated by the catabolite control protein A (CcpA) acting as“ a switch” in LAB strains, therefore the strains present some oxygen and acid resistance. Compared to fermentation, aerobic respiration can prompt effectively the achievement of high biomass, the maintenance of high pH value of culture medium and the increases of adverse resistance and survival ability. It means that the controlled changes in cultivation conditions may increase the proliferation potential and survival ability of LAB, which can widen their application scope in food fermentation industry.

Irradiation is one of the effective methods to degrade drug residues. This paper summarizes research advances in irradiation degradation of residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs, introduces the verification and safety evaluation methods of degradation products, and prospects the application of irradiation degradation technique in food inspection.

The worldwide food labeling management situation was introduced and the development prospect and trend were presented based on the analysis of WTO food labeling notification in this study so as to provide technical supports for the Chinese food labeling supervision. Statistical analysis was conducted on the notification quantity, members’ issuance status and notification contents of food labeling notifications issued by WTO members from 2002 to 2007, and some proposals were put forward for the Chinese food labeling management based on the analysis of domestic and overseas food labeling notification. Our results showed that Japan, America, European Union and member countries of WTO play a dominant role in legislation and revision of food labeling regulations and standards. It is a development trend to intensify food labeling regulation. Technology advancement may broaden food labeling supervision scopes.

Fruit and vegetable products have high nutritional value, sweet taste and crisp mouth feeling, and high water conten but they are putrescible. The factors which impact the taste and mouth feeling of postharvest fruits and vegetables are analyzed in this paper. In addition, the postharvest treatment methods and new approaches which have been used to improve the edible quality of fruits and vegetable products are summarized.

After entry into WTO, following with the development of social economy and the adjustment of industrial structure, China’s foreign trade of food has undergone tremendous and profound changes with the rapid expand of total trade volume, meanwhile the market structure has been constantly developed and optimized. This paper mainly focus on the analysis of China's market structure of international food trade since 2002, and primarily prospects the development trend and facing problems in future.

With the economic globalization, the non-tariff barriers such as anti-dumping measures, technical regulations, technical standards and so on rise to be the most common and difficult trade barriers to deal with. China's shrimp product export has being suffered frequently trade friction. The latest regulations and standards are analyzed and some proposals on constructing the standards and technical regulations of shrimp product in our country are put forward in this paper.