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Table of Content

15 March 2008, Volume 29 Issue 3
Study on Spirulina Cells Fragmentation Process by High Pressure Homogenizer
WU Lei, PANG Guang-Chang, CHEN Qing-Sen
2008, 29(3):  43-45. 
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The fragmentation of spirulina cells by a high-pressure homogenizer was investigated for the extraction of proteins in spirulina cells. A systematic study was carried out on the influence of physical and chemical factors including homogenizer passes, operating pressure and suspension system during homogenization processes. Under the optimal conditions: 80 MPa, pH6.8 10 mmol/L phosphate buffer suspending system, 3 times passing through the homogenizer, the spirulina cells fragmentation efficiency could reach 86%, and the total protein content released by spirulina cells was 73%. Meanwhile, kinetic studies of this disruption process had been made, a kinetic model was used and kinetic parameters were obtained under different conditions.
Study on Affecting Factors of Egg White Protein Gel Property
LI Li-Xin, CHI Yu-Jie, YU Bin
2008, 29(3):  46-49. 
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Internal factors and external factors affecting the gel property of egg white protein were studied. The results indicated that the gel property of egg white protein was closely related to electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bond, disulfide bond, protein concentration, pH, heating temperature, heating time. These factors should be considered when the gel property of egg white protein is required.
Study on Extraction Method of Antibacterial Factor from Enterococcus faecalis H1-1 in Koumiss
HE Yin-Feng, DI Guang-Chao, LI Shao-Ying, TIAN Jian-Jun
2008, 29(3):  50-52. 
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The extraction and purification of antibacterial factor from one strain of Enterococcus faecalis H1-1 were studied, which was isolated from koumiss collected from a heardsman’s home in Xilinguole region, Inner Mongolia. The zymotic fluid Enterococcus faecalis H1-1 was precipitated with 50% ammonium sulphate. The sediment was separated with CM-52. The fractions were analyzed for their antibacterial abilities. The antibacterial fraction was isolated with Sephadex G-25 and then G-100 further. The antibacterial fraction isolated with G-100 was analysed with Tricine-SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and three bands were presented. Their molecular weights are 33800 D, 40100 D and 42800 D respectively.
In vitro Inhibition of Quercetin-polyethylene Glycol Solid Dispersions against Nitroso Reaction
WU Chun, CHE Chun-Bo, LI Jun-Sheng, DAI Li-Jun
2008, 29(3):  53-55. 
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The quercetin was prepared from Flos Sophorae Immaturus. To improve the solubility of quercetin in aqueous solution, the solid dispersions of quercetin-polyethyleneglycol were prepared by fusion method so as to increase quercetin as solid dispersion in water from 11.8μg/ml to 80.2μg/ml. Under the simulated gastric solution, the nitrosation inhibition was studied. The results showed that the solid dispersions of quercetin-polyethylene glycol have strong effects on disconnecting NDMA and scavenging sodium nitrite. The maximum disconnecting rate of NDMA is 91.3%, and the maximum scavenging rate of sodium nitrite is 86.1%.
Effects of Poly-γ-glutamic Acid on Retarding Calcium Phosphate Depositing and It’s Chelation with Calcium Ion
XIA Fang, CAI Hao, CHEN Shou-Wen
2008, 29(3):  56-59. 
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The ability of poly-γ-glutamic acid(γ-PGA)to retard calcium phosphate depositing was investigated in the study. When 200 mg/Lγ-PGA was added, it remarkably reduced the calcium phosphate depositing by 83.4%, and retarded the time of achieving the highest depositing to 20 min. The chelation conditions ofγ-PGA with calcium ion such as pH, temperature and the concentration of γ-PGA were studied. Results showed that the maximum yield of chelation was gained under the condition of temperature 37 ℃, pH 6.0, 3% γ-PGA and the molar ratio of carboxyl group ofγ-PGA to calcium ion 2.5:1, then the chelation course was finished within 15 min and the content of calcium was 11.06% in the chelate complex. It illustrated thatγ-PGA was able to chelate with calcium ion and worth exploiting as a new calcium supplemental agent.
Study on Characteristics of Lipid Oxidation and Lipoxygenase Changes during Processing of Jinhua Ham
HUAN Yan-Jun, ZHOU Guang-Hong, XU Xing-Lian, WANG Ge-Xin
2008, 29(3):  60-65. 
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Jinhua ham was processed by traditional processing technology with 60 hind legs weighed 6.2~6.9 kg. Biceps femoris from 5 hams randomly taken at seven key stages, i.e. green ham stage, end of salting, end of sun-drying, middle of aging, end of aging, post-aging-1 and post-aging-2, were used as samples to analyze the changes of TBA value, carbonyl value, conjugated diene value and lipoxygenase activity, while the effects of main influencing factors on the lipoxygenase activity were studied using response surface methodology. Results showed that TBA value reached its highest level at end of sun-drying, carbonyl value and conjugated diene value reached their highest level at end of salting, the changes in the other stages showed insignificant (p>0.05); the lipoxygenase activity reached its highest level of 12.55 U/min.g protein at end of salting from 8.00 U/min.g protein at the green ham stage, then decreased continuously to 4.87 U/min.g protein at post-aging-2; temperature, salt and nitrate contents were the main influencing factors of lipoxygenase activity and interaction effects existed between temperature and salt, nitrate content. The actual activity of lipoxygenase during processing estimated with the gained response surface regression equation and reached the highest level at middle of aging could explain about 20% of the lipid oxidation level. This indicated that lipoxygenase did not take a key role in the lipid oxidation during processing of Jinhua ham; the major cause of lipid oxidation during processing of Jinhua ham was auto-oxidation.
Study on Textural Properties of Acorn Starch Gel Affected by High Pressure Treatment
ZHONG Qiu-Ping, XIE Bi-Xia, WANG Sen, LI An-Ping, LI Qing-Ping, DENG Wen-Qing, DENG Xiao-Qing-;
2008, 29(3):  66-70. 
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In this study, the effects rules of the high pressure treatment’s on textural properties of acorn starch gel were studied by TA-XT2i instrument. The results showed that the high pressure treatment has the best significant effect on sense of taste of the starch gel, and the effect order of different factors on textrual properties: acorn starches>containing water content>keeping pressure time>pressure of high pressure treatment.
Preparation and Theoretical Analysis of Protein-polysaccharide Conjugates Obtained in Liquid System(Ⅲ) Improvement of Functional Properties of Protein-polysaccharide Conjugates
QI Jun-Ru, YANG Xiao-Quan, LIAO Jin-Song
2008, 29(3):  71-73. 
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Functional properties of soybean acid precipitated protein(SAPP)-dextran conjugate were discussed systematically. Results showed that emulsifying activity index (EAI) of conjugates in liquid system reduced on the conditions of acidic pH and preheating 3 min at 100 ℃; And the excellent emulsifying properties of SAPP-dextran conjugate were steady even at pH 7.0 and pH 10.0 in liquid system. And SAPP-dextran conjugate obtained was soluble at a wide range of pH 2~12 in liquid system. SAPP-dextran conjugate was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in 80% ethanol reacting system 6 h, the further proved new compound obtained by protein was conjugated with polysaccharide, which has strong stability at high temperture.
Structural Characterization of Some Components from Essential Oil of Natural Hawthorn Perfume and Estimation and Prediction of Their Retention Times
LIAO Li-Min, MEI Hu, LI Jian-Feng, SHU Mao, ZHU Wan-Ping, YANG Juan, LI Zhi-Liang
2008, 29(3):  74-83. 
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Quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) studies of the retention time of 51components of natural hawthorn perfume were performed by molecular electronegativity-distancevector (MEDV). Through multiple linear regression (MLR), the correlation coefficient 0.977 was obtained. 5 varialbles were selected to build the model through the method of stepwise multiple regression (SMR), the correlation coefficient of which 0.950. Then the model was evaluated by performing the cross validation with the leave-one-out (LOO) procedure, and RCV obtained was 0.924. So it can be concluded that the stability and predictability of the model is good.
Study on Physical Properties of Selenium-enriched Rapeseed Protein Peptides
LIU Da-Chuan, ZHOU Jun-Mei
2008, 29(3):  84-86. 
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Selenium-enriched rapeseed protein peptides were prepared by enzyme-hydrolyzing protein isolates which were extracted from selenium-enriched defatted rapeseed meal. Some physical properties were determined on peptide production including solubility, viscosity, moisture regain and moisture retaining quality, metamorphic by being heated. The results showed that selenium-enriched rapeseed protein peptide had the advantage of solubility over rapeseed protein isolate and it had not sedimentation in any pH water. Its viscosity was very low. When concentration is 30% it still had well apparent fluidity. Its moisture regain and moisture retaining quality was better and it had good heat stability.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy(EPR) Study on Free Radical Transfer in Lipoxygenase I-B-Catalyzing Linoleic Acid-soybean Protein Interaction(I) Detection of Free Radicals
HUANG You-Ru, HUA Yu-Fei, GU Jian-Hua, WANG Xue-Feng, CHEN Yi-Yong
2008, 29(3):  87-93. 
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Effects of lipoxygenase I-B (LOX) catalyzing oxidation of linoleic acid on soybean proteins were evaluated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in different model systems in the presence or absence of antioxidants. A strong central singlet signal was detected by EPR spectroscopy and identified as the carbon radical (g value range 2.0041 to 2.0054). A downfield shoulder attributed to the sulphur radical (g value 2.019 to 2.028) was also observed. Natural antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol as well as synthetic antioxidants butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) inhibited the development of the free radical signal when added to soybean proteins prior to incubation with linoleic acid and lipoxygenase I-B; the central singlet signal attributed to the carbon radical was reduced by 35%~65%.
Cyclodexteins Complexation of Fumaric Acid in Aqueous Solution
LI Yan-Wei, SHI Hong-Cui, LI Feng, LIU Qiang, WEI Wen-Long, WANG Zhi-Zhong
2008, 29(3):  94-98. 
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The complexation effects of fumaric acid with α-cyclodextrin(α-CD), β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD) in aqueous solution were studied respectively. The intermolecular reaction between the host and guest agents, the effects of 3CDs on solubility of fumaric acid and thermodynamic parameters in the complexation were determined by the UV absorption spectra and the phase solubility. The 1:1 molar ratio of inclusion complex of fumaric acid with each CD is spontaneously formed under the experimental temperatures. All thermodynamic parameters of ΔG, ΔH and ΔS in the complexations exhibited negative values. Furthermore, the complex process is enthalpically driven and exothermic.
Study on Browning Control of Dangshan Pear Juice Concentrates during Storage by Ion Exchange Technolnogies
XIE Hui-Ming, YANG Yi, ZENG Qing-Mei, ZHANG Hao, YOU Feng-Hui
2008, 29(3):  99-102. 
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Objective: The browning control of Dangshan pear juice concentrates (PJC)during storage was studyied by ion exchange technolnogies. Method: 20 Brix°ultrafilter Dangshan pear juice was treated with FPC-21 (cation exchange resins) and FPA-53 (anion exchange resins) sequentially, and then concentrated to 70Brix°, stored at 37 ℃ over 40 days, then colour(T440nm) and browing index (A440nm)was measured. Result: Treating the juice with ion exchange resins reduced total amino acid (AA)content, browing index and metallic ions. Mixtures of untreated and treated pear juice in different proportions was concentrated and stored. Results showed that the browning rate constant content decreased with total AA, and they were linear dependence. Condusion: Ion exchange technolnogies can control brownin rate of PJC during storage. 更多还原
Antimicrobial Activities of Garlic Essential Oil
WU Nan, ZU Yuan-Gang, WANG Wei
2008, 29(3):  103-105. 
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The study describes the antimicrobial activity of garlic essential oil. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated using agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The sample of the essential oil was analyzed by GC–MS. Diallyl trisulfide (49.23%) and diallyl disulfide (19.35%) appeared as the main components. The antimicrobial effect of the garlic oil was studied in vitro against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Aspergillus nigar and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial test results showed that the oils had a great potential antimicrobial activity against all 8 microorganisms especially to Aspergillus nigar, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Results presented here may suggest that the essential oil of garlic possesses antimicrobial properties, and therefore is a potential source of antimicrobial ingredients for the food and pharmaceutical industry.
Study on Anti-oxidation and Bacteriostasis of Five Spices Essential Oil
GU Ren-Yong, ZHANG Shi-Feng, LIU Ying-Ying, WANG Guo-Li, WU Cong, CHU Zhan-Jie
2008, 29(3):  106-108. 
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Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCDE) technique was used to eatract the essential oil from oregano, clove, Forsythia suspense, Litsea cubea and cinnamon. The diameter of inhibition cycles of the five spices essential oils on various bacteria was investigated. The influences to the level bacteriostaic were studied by heating and changing the pH value. The anti-oxidation effects of the five spices essential oils were studied too. The results showed that the five spices essential oils have strong bacteriostatic action on the tested bacteria, mold and microzyme. The order of level bacteriostatic was studied as follows: cinnamon>clove>oregano, Forsythia suspense and Litsea cubea. All the five spices essential oils have the strongest level bacteriostatic on mold and definite anti-oxidation ability. The level bacteriostatic of the five spices essential oils are getting stronger with the lowering of pH value and not changed obviously by heating at 121℃ for 15 minutes.
Study on Extraction and Purification of Chlorogenic Acid from Flos Lonicerae Flowers and Its Antioxidation Properties
ZHANG Wei-Min, WEI Jing, HU Zhen, ZHONG Geng
2008, 29(3):  109-112. 
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Using the superoxide radical system, hydroxyl radical system and the method of Oyaizu, the antioxidation activities of extraction and purification of chlorogenic acid from Flos Lonicerae flowers were studied and compared with VC. The results showed that extraction and purification of chlorogenic acid from Flos Lonicerae flowers had different scavenging effects in these radical systems. The scavenging capability of extraction and purification of chlorogenic acid from Flos Lonicerae flowers to superoxide radical was not obvious, the scavenging capacity was lower than VC, and the scavenging ratio was 47.71%. But the scavenging capacity of chlorogenic acid to hydroxyl radical and deoxidizing Fe3+ was superior than VC, 82.41%( scavenging ratio) and 0.811 (absorbency) respectively. Chlorogenic acid from Flos Lonicerae had strong capacity to scavenge ·OH, and also had the strong reducing power. The scavenging capacity and the reducing power presented positive relatively with concentration of the chlorogenic acid. Although the scavenging capability of chlorogenic acid to O2· was lower than VC, the scavenging capacity of chlorogenic acid to hydroxyl radical and deoxidizing Fe3+ was superior than VC.
Study on Stability of Red Pigment Extracted from Fruit of Nitraria sibirica Pall.
ZHU Yun, LIU Jin-Rong, CHENG Yu-Huai, DU Hua
2008, 29(3):  113-115. 
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The stability of red pigment extracted from the fruit of Nitraria sibirica Pall.of Xinjiang was studied. The results showed that the stability of the Nitraria fruit pigment was influenced by various degree of temperature, pH, oxidant, reducing agent, illumination, metal ion, additive and so on. There are more obvious influence of pigment stability by oxidant, reducing agent, Fe3+, Al3+,Cu2+
Study on Extraction and Stability of Pigment in Peel of Rosa multiflora Thunb.
DI Li-Nu-尔·Ma-Li-Ke, MI Li-Ban-·Huo-Jia, GU Li-Na-尔, PA Ti-Gu-Li
2008, 29(3):  116-118. 
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The optimum extraction conditions of pigment in peel of Rose multiflora Thunb. were studied by orthogonal test. And the stability of the pigment was analyzed. Results showed that the highest yield was obtained under the conditions of 60℃, 60% ethanol, 1:6 the ratio, pH6 and extraction time 4 hours. The pigment was resistant to light, heat, acid and common food additives. So as a kind of natural plant pigment it can be used extensively in food, beverage and medicine etc.
Study on Constituents of Pigments in Chestnut Kernels
CHEN De-Jing
2008, 29(3):  119-122. 
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 The pigments in chestnut kernels are fat-soluble yellow pigment, which are separated into two sorts of yellow pigments by TLC and column chromatography separation, their Rf values 0.38 and 0.96 respectively. Their absorption wave length are 444, 473, 220 nm and 423, 446, 471, 296, 220 nm respectively. The yellow pigments in chestnut kernels are composed of lutein and β-carotene by HPLC analysis, and their contents are 0.42 mg/100g and 0.16 mg/100g, respectively.
Comparisons of Content of Total Saponin and Activity of Lectin in Seven Kinds of Fresh Pods
LOU Zai-Xiang, WANG Hong-Xin
2008, 29(3):  123-126. 
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The common bean contains some toxic substances such as lectin and saponin. Saponin exists mainly in the pods, and it is easy to cause occurrence of poisoned affairs if processed inappropriately; lectin is also one of the major factors which caused poisoned affairs. In this study, the total saponin content was compared among of seven kinds of fresh pods by spectrophotometry; and the hemagglutination activity of lectin was determined with rabbit red blood suspension. The results indicated that the total saponin content was different in seven kinds of fresh pods; total saponin content in C. gladiata DC was the highest and Vicia fata was the lowest; and there wasn’t hemagglutination activity in the seven kinds of fresh pods.
Effect of Different Processes on Taste Compounds of Duck Meat
LIU Yuan, XU Xing-Lian, WANG Xi-Chang, ZHOU Guang-Hong
2008, 29(3):  127-130. 
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Taste compounds of different processed duck meats were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and amino acid auto-analyzer. Results indicated that flavor amino acids including umami amino acid Asp and Glu, sweet amino acid Ala and flavor nucleotides well contributed to the taste of duck meat product. The special processes of water-boiled salted duck and the roasting of roasted duck promoted their products to obtain more non-volatile taste compounds than those of water-boiled duck. The higher contents of flavor amino acids, little peptides and flavor nucleotides in water-boiled salted duck and roasted duck could contribute to their flavors.
Rheological Behavior Study of Soluble Rice Bran Protein
WANG Hai-Bo, XU Qun-Ying, SHU Jing
2008, 29(3):  131-135. 
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In this study, the fundamental rheological properties and effects of factors such as temperature, shear rate etc on soluble rice bran protein extracted from rice bran by water were researched with the AR-500 rheometers. The results indicated that the soluble rice bran protein solution played typical shear-thinning behavior, and the rheological behavior was influenced by some factors such as temperature, shear rate, shear time etc.
Study on Characteristics of Moisture Transfer in Osmotic Treatment of Tilapia Fillets
DUAN Zhen-Hua, XU Song, FENG Ai-Guo, WANG Ju-Lan
2008, 29(3):  136-139. 
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 The characteristics of moisture transfer in osmotic treatment of tilapia fillets were investigated in this study. The changes of weight were quantitatively determined during osmotic treatments of fresh tilapia fillets with the sodium chloride concentration (10%~30%), ratio of solid to liquid (1:5~1:15) and fillet thickness (3~10 mm) as the independent treatment factors. Results were as follows: First, the weights of fillets increased when fresh tilapia fillets were soaked in 10% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The osmotic dehydration of fillets occurred in 20% NaCl solution or more. Second, if the osmotic solution concentration and fillet thickness were set, the dehydration rate (DH) of fillets was found to increase with increase of ratio of solid to liquid, which means ratio of fillet weight to solution. Finally, effects of fillet thickness on DH were found to be related to osmotic time. The DH of thinner fillets could be reduced when treatment time was prolonged.
Optimization of Processing Parameters for Ultrasonic Extraction of Ethanol-soluble β-Carotene by Response Surface Method
XIONG Ke, XIA Yan-Bin, LIU Rong, ZHOU Xiang-Rong-;
2008, 29(3):  140-144. 
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Processing parameters for ultrasonic extraction of ethanol-solubleβ-carotene were optimized by the response surface method. Results showed that the optimum parameters are as follows: ratio of solution-solid 30:1(V:m), time 45 min, power of ultrasonic 40% and temperature 35 ℃. On these conditions, the theoretic extraction rate is 1.6371 mg/g, and the practical extraction rate is 1.6230 mg/g. Ultrasonic extraction method has the characteristics of short extraction time, high extraction rate and no heating, which develops a new approach for extraction of β-carotene.
Analysis of Fruit Quality,Sugar Compositions and Antioxidant Activities of Different Lychee Species
LI Sheng-Feng, XU Yu-Juan, ZHANG You-Sheng, WU Ji-Jun, TANG Dao-Bang, WEN Jing
2008, 29(3):  145-148. 
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Fruits of 13 lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) species were used as materials for studying the fruit quality, sugar compositions and antioxidant activities. Results showed that there were much differences in fruit juice rate, content of total soluble solids, edible pulp rate, total acids and ratio of sugars to acids of analyzed lychee species. Fruit juice rate ranged from 44.75% to 56.83%, and the highest is L.chinensis Sonn. cv. Nuomici(56.83%) and the lowest L.chinensis Sonn. cv. Shuidong(44.75%). Content of total soluble solids ranged from 14.89% to 18.99%, and the highest L.chinensis Sonn. cv. Guiwei(18.99%) and the lowest L.chinensis Sonn. cv. Dingxiang(14.89%). It was preliminarily evaluated that L.chinensis Sonn. cv. Nuomici, Guiwei, Jizuili and Shuangjianyuhebao were appropriate for lychee juice making, while L.chinensis Sonn. cv. Nuomici, Guiwei and Shuangjianyuhebao were appropriate for lychee wine making. Fructose, glucose and sucrose were the predominant sugars in the juice. Different species showed remarkable difference in the sugar compositions. Also effects of scavenging DPPH free radical in the juice of different lychee species were different. Rate of scavenging DPPH free radical ranged from 74.63% to 90.85%, and the highest was L.chinensis Sonn. cv. Dingxiang(90.85%) and the lowest L.chinensis Sonn. cv. Nuomici(74.63%).
Inhibition of Eucommia Bark Protein Against Molds
LIU Shi-Hui, ZHAO De-Gang
2008, 29(3):  149-151. 
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Using paper-disc agar-diffusion method, the activity of Eucommia bark protein against Trichoderma viride, Penicillium and Rhizopus were investigated. The results indicated that Eucommia bark protein could effectively inhibit these molds. The values of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) toward Trichoderma viride, Penicillium and Rhizopus are 912.5, 912.5 and 456.3μg/ml, respectively. MIC value of carbendazim for mentioned three test strains is 456.3μg/ml.
Study on Hydrolysis Effects of Neutral Protease and Alkaline Protease on Corn Protein
HE Li-Ping, LIU Liang-Zhong
2008, 29(3):  152-157. 
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Hydrolysis effect of alkaline protease and neutral protease by single and compound on corn protein was studied. The optimum hydrolyzing conditions for neutral protease have been determined: [E] 3544 U/g, pH 7.0, temperature 55 ℃ and time(t) 2 h; The optimum hydrolyzing conditions for alkaline protease: [E] 840 U/g, pH 8.0, temperature 55 ℃ and time 2 h. In addition, two protease compound hydrolyzing corn protein is better than the single, and its DH can achieve above 20%.
Purification of Chickpea Protein Isolates
ZHANG Tao, JIANG Bo, MU Wan-Meng, LI Yan-Hong
2008, 29(3):  158-161. 
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Chickpea protein isolates (CPI) were separated and purified with Sephacryl S-200 and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B successively, and two major fractions were obtained, accounting for 60.4% and 17.7% of the total proteins, which molecular weights were 170 kD(signed as B)and 110 kD(signed as D), respectively.
Study on Shearing Texture Property of Sourdough Noodle Containing California Almond Bran
JIN Xiang, HUANG Wei-Ning, RAYAS-DUARTE Patricia, HUANG G, SAITAMA Kristi
2008, 29(3):  162-166. 
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The effect of spontaneous sourdough starter and California almond bran on the shearing texture property of sourdough noodle was studied based on a traditional noodle process in this joint international project. The results obtained showed that the fermentation time and amount of spontaneous sourdough starter, the amount of almond bran had a notable impact on maximum shear force of sourdough noodle. Response surface methodology was used to establish the relations between factors and dependent variables. The model for maximum shear force demonstrated good correlation with measured data with R2 values, being 0.9562, indicating that it is suitable and response surface methodology can be a useful tool to predict the effects of the fermentation time and amount of spontaneous sourdough starter, the amount of the almond bran on sourdough noodle shearing quality. Eventually, the optimal conditions for the making of sourdough noodle containing the almond bran were determined by ridge analysis as follows: the fermentation time of spontaneous sourdough is 33h, the amount of spontaneous sourdough is 5%, and the amount of almond bran is 3%.
Gelatinization Properties and Resuscitation Mechanics of Rice Retrogradation
TAN Wei, LI Ke, LU Xiao-Li
2008, 29(3):  167-171. 
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The particle behavior of rice was observed by microscope, and the gelatinization properties of rice were tested and analyzed by DSC. The results showed that the initial temperature (T0), vertex temperature (Tp) and final temperature (Tc) of different samples, which have different ratios of water and rice powder as 80 %(W/W), 100 %(W/W), 150 %(W/W) respectively, were basically identical; and the melting enthalpy of rice-powder increased gradually with the increase of water content; sample whose water content was 50% has similar T0, Tp, Tc, and the lowest melting enthalpy among the experimented samples, the moisture was difficult to mixed into rice-powder and was completely gelatinized; sample whose water content was 200% has the lowest To, Tp, Tc, and the melting enthalpy of rice-powder was decreased. From the study of the resuscitation mechanism of rice powder, it was found that, for the gelatinized rice-powder, the crystallization and melt temperature of T0, Tp, Tc had almost similar tendency in different storing time. As the gelatinized rice-powder was stored at 4℃ for different time, its resuscitation degrees were different, the longer it was stored, the higher the resuscitation degree was.
Effect of Different Juice Processing Technics on Juice Quality and Juice Yield of Blackberry
WU Wen-Long, WANG Xiao-Min, LI Wei-Lin, 闾Lian-Fei , QU Le-Wen
2008, 29(3):  172-175. 
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Among of three different juice processing technics, the juice yield, the effect of defecating and the soluble solids concentration (SSC) of the syrup by enzyme-liquefaction are all higher; The juice yield and SSC of the syrup by direct pressing are higher but the syrup is thick; The juice yield and the SSC of the syrup by leaching is lower and the is thin, get more pigments are obtained. The enzyme-liquefaction orthogonal test showed that the juice yield of blackberry is beyond 80%, the effect of defecating is good, and the transparence is about 90% with 0.04%~0.06% pectinase under the temperature 45~55 ℃ for 2 h.
Optimization of Extraction Process of Ganoderma lucidum Fruitbody Polysaccharides by Response Surface Methodology
SONG Jiang-Feng, LIU Chun-Quan, LI Da-Jing, JIN Bang-Quan
2008, 29(3):  176-180. 
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The effects of different temperature, time and the ratio of solid to solution on the extraction yield of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) were optimized with response surface methodology. Experimental data were analyzed by the regression equation with Design Expert (Version 6.0.2) software. It indicated that the optimum extraction parameters are temperature 89.35 ℃, time 1.47 h and the ratio of solid to solution 1:29.19. Under these conditions, the predicted value of GLP extraction yield is 7.76 mg/g, in consistent with the measured value. It is the maximal extraction yield of GLP with optimized process parameters.
Study on Extraction Technology of Polysaccharides from Sanguisorba officinalis L. var. longifolia Yu et Li
XU Yao, YU Jian-Ping
2008, 29(3):  181-183. 
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The experiment is designed to study the technical condition of water soluble polysaccharide extraction from roots of Sanguisorba officinalis L. var. longifolia Yu et Li. Results showed that the optimum technological conditions are solid-liquid ratio 1:30, the best temperature 90 ℃, the total time 2 h and times of extraction 3. The extraction yield could be up to 4.39%.
Study on Clarification of Roselle Exrtract
LI Sheng-Feng, XU Yu-Juan, YOU Sheng, WU Ji-Jun, TANG Dao-Bang, WEN Jing
2008, 29(3):  184-187. 
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Clarification of roselle exrtract and the different clarification effects of pectinase, bentonite, glutin and chitosan were studied. Recommendatory clarification means is: first clarifying reaction at the condition of 0.125 g/L chitosan and 0.75 g/L glutin, normal temperature and time 3 h, then treatment at rotate speed 6000 r/min by disk centrifugal separator, and then kieselguhr filtration, and finally micro-filtration by hollow fiber microfiltration device (Φ0.45μm). In this way, clarifying roselle extract of transmittance 82.7% at 660 nm and 0.03 NTU(nephelometric turbidity units)can be gotten.
Extraction and Characteristics of Flavonoids from Lycium barbarum L Fruits
SUN Zhi-Yang, QIAN Jian-Ya, CHEN Wei
2008, 29(3):  188-194. 
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Lycium barbarum L fruits were extracted with 95% ethanol by using different methods. The optimal yield was obtained at 90 ℃ to extract 2 when solid-to-liquid ratio was 1:10. Extracts stability and activities to scavenge hydroxy radicals and superoxide radicals were examined. When flavonoids (rutin as reference substance) were 130 mg/L and 5.3 mg/L, 50% hydroxy radicals and superoxide radicals were scavenged.
Effects of Vacuum Mechanism on Processing of Candied Jujube
ZHANG Lu, XU Mu-Dan
2008, 29(3):  195-199. 
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The dehydration jujube processed by vacuum critical cryodrying keeps orginal colour, nutritional ingredient and plump body of fresh jujube, high reconstitution rate of water and porous and uniform texture. With this dehydration jujube infusing sugar the processing time can be reduced remarkablely. When all processings of drying, infusing sugar and dehydrating adopt vacuum mechanism and proper technology, total processing time is only 12 h. Quality and eaten safety candied jujube can be risen significantly, and sugar content is higher than 78% and the retain rate of vitamin C ,which is very easy to loss in processing exceeds 40%.
Effects of Processing Condition on Quality of Processed Cheese Spreads
WU Han, LI Xiao-Dong, LIU Huai-Wei, HUO Gui-Cheng
2008, 29(3):  200-203. 
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Processing conditions are main factors specifying the quality of processed cheese spreads. The objective of this work was to study the effects of pH value, cooking time and cooling rate on qualities of processed cheese spreads with TPA analysis and SEM. After adjustment of pH values between 5.7~6.1 during manufacture, a regular tridimensional network entrap spherical fat particles but avoided protein aggregation was formed, and increased stability and water holding capacity of protein. 15 min of cooking time are the optimum, because protein-protein forms a strong gel at this time. Hardness and apparent viscosity of products become better, and stable. By slow cooling can form even better stable gel structure.
Effects of Differrent Methods of Breaking Cells Wall on Yeast RNA Extraction
LI Yan, RUAN 南, YANG Cui-Zhu
2008, 29(3):  204-206. 
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There are many methods for extracting RNA from brewing yeast. The salt and the alkali are often used. The two methods for extracting RNA from brewing yeast were compared there. Through the experiment it was found that alkail is better to break yeast, but worse to extract RNA.
Study on Membrane Separation Technology of Ovotransferrin from Egg White
ZHANG Tie-Hua, YIN Yong-Guang, ZHANG Ting, LIU Jing-Bo
2008, 29(3):  207-210. 
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By microfiltratio,ultrafiltration and nanofiltration technology, and combining freeze-drying technology ovotransferrin(OVT) was extracted from egg white. Results showed that there is suitable liquid viscosity of egg white by 5 times normal sodium deliquation, 20 ℃ and 40 MPa homogen handling. After microfiltratio removing impurity, the big member proteins are removed through 10 kD ultrafiltration membrane, and then continuously through 5kD ultrafiltration membrane. Freeze-drying thick liquid obtained is OVT after nanofiltration desalination concentrate.The relative member quality of OVT is 80 kDa by SDS-PAGE, and OVT purity is 28.46%.
Study on Extraction and Stability of Red Pigment in Zingiber mioga Rosc
TAN Zhi-Wei, LIU Ying-Xuan
2008, 29(3):  211-215. 
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The optimum extracting conditions of red pigment in Zingiber mioga Rosc were studied by single factor analysis and orthogonal test L16(45). And the stability of the red pigment was analyzed. Results showed that: The optimum extracting conditions are: the ratio of material to solution is 1:20, the extracting temperature is 50 ℃, pH 1, the extracting time is 120 min; The red pigment resistant to heat, acid, oxidant, and common food additives, such as cane sugar, VC, amylum and citric acid, and in-resistant to light, reductant, and common food additives, such as sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate; Its stability to metal ion is high such as: Fe3+、Al3+、Ca2+ can add its color, Cu2+ can change its color, and Mg2+、Na+和K+can not badly affect it at all.
Study on Irradiation Sterilization Technology for Liquid Whole Egg
HUANG Xiao-Bo, MA Mei-Hu, FU Peng, YU Mei-Juan, LI Feng-Zhen
2008, 29(3):  216-219. 
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The low-dose irradiation for liquid whole egg instead of traditional pasteurization was studied in this paper. The aim of this study was to prolong the shelf life of liquid whole egg at 0~4℃, and eliminate the contamination of the pathogen microorganisms (such as Salmonella). Therefore, the effects of different irradiation doses on organoleptic property and microbiological status, especially the numbers of Salmonella of liquid whole egg were studied. The results indicated that the optimal irradiation dose for liquid whole egg is 0.4~0.6 kGy.
Preliminary Study Vacuum Freeze-drying Technology of Red Onions
LI Chong-Gao, HUANG Jian-Chu
2008, 29(3):  220-224. 
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The hot water tank temperature, thickness of material loading and freeze-dried wharf pressure on freeze-dried time and freeze-dried quality of red onions were studied. The single factor test and the orthogonal test were drawn red onions. The better vacuum freeze-drying process parameters: water tank temperature setting of 55 ℃, material loading thickness of 30 mm, freeze-drying warehouses pressure 150 Pa. In this process parameters, the freeze-dried red onions yield of 6.9%, better sensory quality, the water-back was better, the color was green, fresh tissues like the oil rich flavor.
Study on Technology of Red Koji Production with Wheat and Ending Wine
REN Fei, XIONG Shuang-Li, ZHOU Hong-Hai, LI An-Ning
2008, 29(3):  225-228. 
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In this experiment, the method of solid-state fermentation producing red koji with wheat and ending wine was studied. Using ending wine to adjust the substrate’s pH, the ration of ending wine to wheat powder was about 30%.The results exhibited that the color value of red koji was higher than 1400 after cultured at 32~35 ℃ for 14 days, when 40% wheat powder passes through 40 screen mesh, the initial pH and moisture of the substrate were 4.4~4.8 and 45%~50%, respectively.
Determination and Purification of Polysaccharides in Fruit of Quince
JING Si-Qun, GUAN Yan-Xin
2008, 29(3):  229-232. 
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Polysaccharides from fruit of quince was obtained by hotwater extraction and ethanol precipitation. The content of polysaccharide was determined by spectrophotometry.The content of polysaccharide assayed by phenol-vitriolic colorimetry at 490nm,was 67.28% with3.08% of RSD (n=4). Recovery value for the polysaccharides assayed was 101.2%. The concentrated polysaccharides was purified by polyamide column and the results showed that decolorization was significant.
Extraction Process of Polysaccharide from Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.
WANG Ling-Yun, DING Chen-Xu, WANG Hong-Lun, CHE Guo-Dong, SUO You-Rui
2008, 29(3):  233-236. 
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In this research, the optimum extracting conditions of Nitraria polysaccharide were investigated by orthogonal test. Lipid and monosaccharide were removed before the extraction of polysaccharide. The results showed that under the conditions 94 ℃, 1:5(W/V), extracting 3 times and 2 h for each time, the content of polysaccharide is 34.562 mg/g.
Optimization of Process Conditions of Extracting β-glucan from Naked Oat Bran
LIU Huan-Yun, LI Hui-Li, WEN Zhi-Ying
2008, 29(3):  237-240. 
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The β-glucan was extractted from naked oat bran, the effect of different pretreatment method, enzymatic removal of starch, isoelectric precipitation of protein residue, and precipitation of water-soluble polysaccharides with ethanol solution on the yield and purity of β-glucan were systematic studied. From the single factor and orthogonal test, the optimum extracting conditions were fixed.The preparation produced 90% β-glucan.
Preparation of Carboxymethyl Chitosan and It Application in Clarification of Blackberry Juice
WANG Wei-Dong, XU Shi-Ying
2008, 29(3):  241-244. 
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Carboxymethyl chitosan (N,O-CMC) was prepared by reacting chitosan with chloroacetic acid and various degrees of substitution (DS) were obtained. These N, O-CMC were added into blackberry juice and the results indicated that it could clarify the blackberry juice. The clarification of juice increased with DS values and reached maximum at a DS value of 0.86, and then decreased. The components of clarified juice indicated that CM-chitosan could reduce the contents of proteins, polyphenols and total sugars in blackberry juice.
Preparation Technique of Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Buccal Tablet without Sugar
CHEN Wu, ZOU Sheng-Qin, WU Xiao-Chun, XIONG Xiao-Juan, XIE Wan-Bin
2008, 29(3):  245-248. 
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Optimizing the formula and technique and using moist pellet manufacturing method, a kind of Gynostemma pentaphyllum buccal tablet without sugar was prepared. The results showed that the concentration of moistening agent and the quantities of several primary materials had great effects on the quality of Gynostemma pentaphyllum buccal tablet. With 70% ethanol as moistening agent, when the formula was 15% Gynostemma pentaphyllum flour, 77% mannitol and 4% aspartame, adding 0.1% mentha-camphor and 3% magnesium stearate of the whole weight of previous materials, new Gynostemma pentaphyllum buccal tablet without sugar could be obtained, with good taste, special flavor of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, smooth surface, identical color, good hardness, good disintegrability and healthy function.
Study on Processing Technology of Microwave Puffing Chinese Water Chestnut Crisp Chip
WANG Ze-南, TAO Xue-Ming, HU Xiao-Hao, 蓝Ze-Lin
2008, 29(3):  249-251. 
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The processing technology of microwave puffing water chestnut crisp chip was studied. The result showed that high-quality water chestnut crisp chips were obtained by hot-air drying, then using microwave puffing , by the second stage drying at last; The optimal processing parameters were as follows: the water content before microwave puffing as 35%, the microwave power density at 475 W, the microwave puffing time as 14 s.
Study on Technique of Microwave Extraction of Tricholoma mongolicum Imai Polysaccharide
HOU Zhuo, ZHANG Na, WANG Da-Wei
2008, 29(3):  252-255. 
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Tricholoma mongolicum Imai after supercritical CO2 fluid extracted was used as material to extract polysaccharide through microwave. The optimum conditions of extract polysaccharide from Tricholom amongolicum Imai were determined through single factor and orthogonal test: microwave power 300 W, microwave processing time 4 min, solid-liquid ratio 1:30, material grade size 0.147 mm. Tricholom amongolicum Imai polysaccharides were extracted by above conditions, the extraction rate of polysaccharide was 31.05%.
Bacteria Removing of Fresh Milk with Ceramic Membrane Technology
LIU Fei-Yun, PAN Dao-Dong
2008, 29(3):  256-259. 
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Technical parameters of ceramic membrane microfiltration system for removing bacteria in milk were studied. When the pore size of ceramic membrane was 1.2 μm, the temperature of milk was 50℃, and the transit membrane pressure was 0.12 MPa, the remove rate of bacterial and spore can be reached above 99% and 95% respectively, and the components of milk were no outstanding affectioned.
Determination and Extraction Study on Content of Total Flavones in Datura Stramonium L.
NU 尔A-Mi-Na-·A-You-Fu, A Bu-Du-La-·A-Ba-Si
2008, 29(3):  260-263. 
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Ethanol immersion extraction was used to extract flavonoid compounds of the Datura Stramonium L. The results showed that the optimum condition of extraction is 60℃and 95% ethanol 70ml, extract time 1h . The total flavonoids contents are assayed by using spectroscopic methods with rutin as standard. The flavonoids content is 4.016% at the optimum condition.The method is simple, repid,reproducible and suitable for the determination of total flavonoids in Datura Stramonium L.
Application of RF-RAPD in Identification of Pleurotus eryngii Strains
SU Hong-Yan, WANG Lei, LIU Lin-De, CHI Xiao-Yan, XU Shan-Shan, CAI De-Hua
2008, 29(3):  264-267. 
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Five strains of Pleurotus eryngii from different provinces of China were primarily identified by antagonistic effects and then analyzed by RF-RAPD technology. The data showed that the results of RF-RAPD were consistent with those of antagonistic effects. Moreover, due to combining two molecular markers (RFLP and RAPD), RF-RAPD can effectively distinguish xiangxing PL-3 from jingxing PL-10 while otherwise they are closely related to each other. It was suggested that RF-RAPD molecular marker technology is a new efficient way to identify Pleurotus eryngii strains, and can be widely applied for classification and identification of edible mushroom.
Study on Lactobacillus rhamnosus RAPD System Optimization from Macrobian
GU Rui-Xia, CAI Jing-Jing, WANG Qin, YANG Zhen-Quan, REN Yuan-Qing
2008, 29(3):  268-271. 
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 An improved DNA extraction protocol with CTAB was developed for Lactobacillus rhamnosus. DNA was extracted successfully from the samples of 11 strains and was suitable for RAPD analysis. The optimization of a 25μl RAPD was determined as followed: template 50 ng, 2 U TaqDNA polymerase, 3.25 mmol/L dNTPs for each, 5 mmol/L primer, 2.5μl 10×PCR buffer, and 7.5 mmol/L Mg2+. The reaction program was devised for one cycled at 93 ℃ 2 minutes, 36 ℃ 1 minutes, 72 ℃ 2 minutes, which is followed by 40 cycles, each 1 minutes at 93 ℃, 1 minute at 36 ℃, 2 minutes at 72 ℃, and a final extension at 93 ℃ 2 minutes, 36 ℃ 1 minutes, 72 ℃ 10 minutes.
Study on Isolation,Purification,Identification and Anti-oxidative Activity of Polysaccharide from Broth of Streptomyces H03
HE Feng, YANG Ying, AO Ming-Zhang, YU Long-Jiang
2008, 29(3):  272-276. 
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Fungal Diversity of Wheat Qu of Shaoxing Rice Wine
CAO Yu, LU Jian, FANG Hua, LI Wang-Jun, XIE Guang-Fa, ZOU Hui-Jun, HU Zhi-Ming
2008, 29(3):  277-282. 
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Fungal diversity of wheat Qu of Shaoxing rice wine was studied by conventional dilution plate method and a culture-independent method RISA (ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis), combining with sequencing. Sixteen kinds of filamentous fungi were separated from wheat Qu and identified by internal transcribed spacer sequencing technology. Among all cultures, Absidia corymbifera, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizomucor pusillus, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus fumigatus were major fungis in wheat Qu. The results of RISA fingerprint analysis showed this culture-independent method could be used to study fungal diversity of wheat Qu. Different kinds of wheat Qu from three rice wine factories were compared by RISA fingerprint analysis method. The results showed the main fungi in wheat Qu from three districts were different obviously, and proved that regional environment factors influenced the wheat Qu fungal community significantly.
Effects of Ethanol Vapor Treatment on Antioxidant Enzyme and Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Fresh-cut Broccoli Florets
HAN Jun-Hua, ZHOU Jun-Yi, NIU Tian-Gui, TAO Wei-Yu, CAI Tong-Yi, LI Quan-Hong
2008, 29(3):  283-287. 
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Exposure of 6 ml/kg ethanol vapor to fresh-cut broccoli for 5 h could reduce the weight loss and retard the degradation of chlorophyll significantly at 4 ℃. The chloroplast ultrastructure of the sepal in the fresh-cut broccoli florets was investigated with a transmission electron microscope. The results indicated that the ethanol vapor treatment can well maintain the integrity of chloroplast envelope and grana and stromal thylakoids as well. Ethanol vapor treatment can inhibite the decomposition of chloroplast structure during the storage at 4 ℃, for retarding the yellowing of fresh-cut broccoli florets.
Study on Fermentation Technical Conditions of Ganoderma applanatum Mycelia
HE Xin-Sheng, WANG Mao, 欧Wen-Jing , CHENG Peng-Rui, ZHAO Yang, SU Yan-Qiu, LI Chang-Hong
2008, 29(3):  288-292. 
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Ganederma applantatum is a species of the Ganoderma genus; it is one of the precious medicinal mushroom in the treasury of Chinese traditional medicines. To study the high yield and economical medium productive conditions, this experiment selected and used single factors such as rational speed, temperature, pH value, bottled volume, inoculated bulk, carbon source, nitrogen source and C/N ratio as multifactor tests with the submerge culture of the mycelia to explore the effects of these various factors on the mycelial yield. The results of this experiment indicated that the optimal rotational speed for the growth of mycelia is 150 r/min, temperature 25~30 ℃, pH value 5.5~6.5, bottled volume 125 ml, and inoculated bulk 5 ml/100 ml. Meanwhile glucose is the optimum carbon source, rice bran the nitrogen source, and the C/N ratio 25:1. The optimal nutritional conditions when the mycelia of this sort of fungi were cultivated by means of submerged culture are as follow: 3% glucose, 0.072% KNO3, 0.02% NaH2PO4 and pH 8.5. Through the growth curve test the logistic equation is deduced: Y=0.616/(1+17.732e-8.874x). The weight of the dry mycelia reaches 500~700 mg/100 ml.
Supernatant Antioxidative Activities of Fermented Rice Bran Extract by Bacillus Natto
QI Hong-Bing, CHEN Jun, HE Jia, XU Hua, XIONG Yu-Yun
2008, 29(3):  293-297. 
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With single-factor research and orthogonal test as principle, the scavenging capacity of ·OH was determined. The scavenging capacity of ·OH was highest when main parameters are found as follows: 5% rice bran, 1% yeast powder, initial pH 7.0, inoculum size 4%, medium content 25ml, temperature 27 ℃ and 140 r/min for 48 h. The scavenging capacities of ·OH. and O2· and inhibitory effects were found to highly oxidate axunge in vitro. Both supernatant fermented rice bran by Bacillus natto and water extract of rice bran have shown antioxidant activity in vitro, but the former is 0.3 fold and 10 flod higher than the same concerntration of the latter, with IC50 of ·OH and O2· 3.55 mg/ml and 23.5 mg/ml respectively. In inhibiting oxidation to axunge, the former is of higher antioxidative activities than the latter. Antioxidative activities of supernatant fermented rice bran is similar to those of VE. This is a perfect natural healthy food of higher antioxidant activity in fermented rice bran by Bacillus natto.
Study on Bovine Clostrum ImmunoglobulinG Determination by Immunoturbidimetry Method
JIANG Zhan-Mei, WU Gang, WANG Jing, TIAN Bo
2008, 29(3):  298-300. 
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Immunoturbidimetry method was developed to determine the bovine colostrum IgG concentration. IgG was assayed by immunoturbidimetry with the reaction temperature 37 ℃ and reaction time 40 min, and with good linear relation ranged from 0.07 mg/ml to 0.75mg/ml. The immunoturbidimetry method showed good repeatability and stability in comparicon with the rocket immunity electrophoresis analysis, immunoturbidimetry method shows better reliability.
Effects of Magnetic Field on Poria cocos Hyphae Growth in Submerged Culture
GUO Cheng-Jin, 吕Long , GUO Na
2008, 29(3):  301-303. 
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The mycelium biomass of Poria cocos was determined and compared in normal conditions of both rotating and static magnetic fields under submerged culture in this study. The results showed that the Poria cocos hypha growth is promoted by the 0.3 milli Gauss magnetic field, and the effects of the static magnetic field are more evident than the rotating one.
Screening and Identification of Bacterium Strain with High Cellulose Yield
LIU Ya, YANG Yong, XIAO Yi, DAI Li-Qin, QIAO Shang-Jie
2008, 29(3):  304-306. 
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Using some ordinary food and fruit teeming in July of Xinjiang as sample,through static culture and repeated screening, a strain with high production capacity and stable output of bacterial cellulose from apricots(yield of bacterial cellulose 9 g/L) was obtained, and it was preliminary identified as Acetobacter aceti subsp.
Recovering Methods and Re-amplified Effects of Special Bands in Differential Display PCR Products in Pleurotus ostreatus
WANG Nian-Jiu, MA Ai-Min
2008, 29(3):  307-309. 
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Three methods including one-step method, direct method and deposited method were used to recover the thick and thin bands from the silver stained differential display PCR products in Pleurotus ostreatus and their re-amplification effects were evaluated. The results showed that the direct method is a rapid, simple and reliable method among the three different recovering methods. And its re-amplification effect is better than that of the one-step method and the deposited method. So it can be efficiently applied in mRNA differential display PCR experiment of Pleurotus ostreatus.
Detection of Laccase Activity and Optimization of Conditions on Laccase Production by Ganoderma lucidum
TAO Jun, MA Ai-Min, GUO Ai-Ling, WANG Hui-Jie, ZENG Xing-Bo
2008, 29(3):  310-313. 
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 A rapid and stable method for laccase assay in Ganoderma lucidum was screened from several different methods: the activity of laccase was detected by adding 0.04% guaiacol to the minimum medium and assaying the diameters of colored rings; Meanwhile, the optimal conditions for laccase production were obtained by the means of single factor analysis and orthogonal method: maltose 3%, yeast extract 0.25%, pH value 6.0, Cu2+ 0.5 mmol/L, culture temperature 25 ℃. These results can provide some references for the breeding of G.lucidum and industrialization of its laccase production.
Portial Purification and Properties of Rhizopus ZM-10 Lipase
LI Yan, LIAN Yi, CHEN Yi-Lun, XU Jing
2008, 29(3):  314-317. 
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Using conversion rate of ethyl hexanoate as the index, a strain Rhizopus ZM-10 producing lipase was screened out from liquor factory. We studied properties of the Rhizopus lipase after partical purification. The optimum temperature of the lipase was 25℃, and was stable below 30℃. The lipase optimal pH was 7.0 and 8.0. When metal ion concentration was 2mmol/L, its activity was increased with amendment of Na+、Cu2+、Fe3+、EDTA, and when metal ion concentration was 5mmol/L, all metal ion inhibited its activity in different degree except Cu2+. The concentration of surfactants affected lipase activity, and the type of surfactants had no significant effect of lipase activtiy. The values of Km and Vmax were 18.2mmol/L and 625U/L in optimum reaction conditions.
Screening and Optimization on Medium of Bifidobacterium
SHAO Jian-Ning, GONG Wei-Zhong, MA He-Ping, PENG Zhang-Pu
2008, 29(3):  318-321. 
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Base medium of Bifidobacterium was screened for maximum cell mass among 4 kinds of media, which was the best to obtain maximum cell counts for Bifidobacterium longum. By orthogonal design, on the base medium the optimal growth medium was obtained through changing carbon source, adding fructo-oligosaccharid and adjustment endogenesis of pH. In optimal growth medium the viable cell counts of B.longum is about 8.1 times higher than the base medium and the culture time shortens 4 h. The viable cell counts of B.longum can reach 8.9×109 CFU/ml in the optimal growth medium at 37 ℃ for 20 hours under anaerobic condition.
A Rapid Method to Identify Listeria monocytogenes
JIN Zhou-Hao, SONG Da-Feng, GU Qing
2008, 29(3):  322-324. 
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Listeria spp. was identified acrroding to the biochemical characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes, and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay based on the primes targeting the gene actA and other specific primes of Listeria spp. was developed for detecting Listeria monocytogenes. The results showed that biochemical assays are time-consuming and often make errors while 827 bp band was detected successfully by PCR amplification. The CTAB/NaCl and boiling method were respectively used to extract genome DNA, both them could amply the specific band after PCR and electrophoresis by detecting on agarose gel. The boiling method is a more simple and convenient one to identify Listeria monocytogenes by the comparison of CTAB/NaCl and it is effective to prepare the template DNA.
Comparison among Three Detecting Methods for Penicillin G in Raw Milk
LI Yan-Hua, WANG Wei-Jun, ZHANG Lan-Wei, MA Wei, CHEN Li-An
2008, 29(3):  325-327. 
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Three microbial methods for determinating antibiotic in milk were compared, and the critical parameters of three methods for detecting penicillin G, the residue limits, detection time, cost price and difficulty to operate were studied. At the same time, the study pointed out some disadvantages of TTC method on residue limits, and the tube diffusion method is introduced as a good supplement for the two methods of TTC and AOAC paper disk to determinate β-lactams in milk, inexpensive, quick, simple and convenient, and the low limits of detection for the operation.
Chemical Ingredients of Submerged Cultivation Mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis
TAN Zhi-Lei, YIN Hai-Song, HUANG Hao, JIA Shi-Ru
2008, 29(3):  328-331. 
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This investigation characterized the main chemical ingredients of submerged cultivation mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis. The contents of crude protein and crude fat were 24.53% and 6.69% respectively; The contents of adenosine, mannitol, intracellular polysaccharide and ergosterol were 0.3755, 88.80, 133.9 and 1.80 mg/g respectively. The level of main ingredients in the submerged cultivation mycelium was similar to that in the natural Cordyceps sinensis.
Immobilization of Permeabilized Meiothermus sp. Cells Containing Trehalose Synthase by Entrapment in Strontium Alginate Beads
ZHANG Jun, CHEN Xiao-Yun, CHEN Ying, QI Xin, WEI Xue-Sheng
2008, 29(3):  332-335. 
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Permeabilized cells containing trehalose synthase from Meiothermus sp. CBS-01 was entrapped in strontium alginate beads. The immobilization capacity reached 6 units/g-alginate when the enzyme loading was 12 units/g-alginate. The optimum temperature was not affected by immobilization, and was 60 ℃, but the optimum pH was shifted from 6.5 to 7. The enzyme in alginate entrapped cells was more stable at 70 ℃ for 60 min with 60% of its original activity remained, whereas the enzyme in free cells retained 30% of activity. In batch manner, the immobilized cells could be continually reused 10 times with 30% loss of the enzyme activity, and a maximum conversion yield of 60% trehalose could be reached.
Autolyzing Preparation of Peptides from Waste Yeast
LING Xiu-Mei, QIU Shu-Yi, HUANG Yong-Guang, SHE Yong
2008, 29(3):  336-339. 
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Both the preparation of yeast peptides and the optimum conditions of autolyzing were studied. 10 kinds of peptides were separated by SephadexG-25. The quantities of peptides changed according to the autolyzing time. The composion and content of amino acid was determined by amino acid analyzer. The results showed that the content of total peptides reaches 744 mg/100 ml.
Identification and Pathogenicity Study on Gray Sufu Processing Mucor M.racemosu with Mice Experiment
WU Cai-Mei, WANG Jing, SUN Wei-Wei, CAO Wei-Qiang, WU Xiu-Qun
2008, 29(3):  340-345. 
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 At first, gray sufu producing mucor supplied by sufu manufacturer in Harbin was identified in the study. The producing mucor was identified for M.racemosu in the end. The second, the pathogenicity of M.racemosu was also studied. The pathogenicity experiments of M.racemosu were completed by injecting the suspension of different levels of spores in celiac of mice, observing poisoning symptom, death condition and the weight changes of mice within 30 d, meanwhile, the mice which had died and was executed were anatomized. The viscera including brain, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart were collected to examinate pathological changes by HE dye and the counts of survival M.racemosus. The result indicated that the mucor can result in heart, brain, liver, kidney, spleen and lung making pathological changes, especially liver. M.racemosu can mainly result in the putrescence focus of liver of mice. The counts of survival M.racemosus in viscera would increase with increase of injected the counts of M.racemosus spore. In the 5×106 and 5×107 dosage groups , living spore can be observed in all viscera at the same time. And there was positive relationship between living spore and dosage. But, there was not positive relationship between pathogenicity and dosage.
Effect of Rice Fat Mimics on Texture and Microstructure of Low-fat Yoghourt
XU Dan, KONG Bao-Hua, LIU Huai-Wei
2008, 29(3):  346-349. 
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In this research, the rice powder was hydrolyzed by α-amylase to prepare rice fat mimics, then reduced-fat and non-fat yogurts were prepared with adding the rice fat mimics. A reduced-fat yogurt without added fat mimics and a full-fat yogurt were elaborated as controls. The present investigation was carried out to examine the effect of rice fat mimics in different proportions upon the composition, the microstructure, the evaluation of sensory and the texture of reduced-fat yogurts. Results indicated that the yoghourt adding rice fat mimics provided yogurts with textural and acceptable characteristics resembling those of full-fat controls (p>0.05), and showed lower fat content and looser microstructures.
Mutation and Characteristics of Low Temperature Resistant Mutants of Spirulina maxima
HAN Lan, WANG Yu-Wen, LI Jian-Hong, LIU Hai-Yan, CHEN Ming, WENG Yong-Ping
2008, 29(3):  350-354. 
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To obtain low-temperature resistant mutant strains, Spirulina maxima was induced by ultraviolet irradiation as a mutagen. Low temperature resistant mutants were screened under low temperature culturing. The mutants YB01 and YB02 grew significantly faster than their parental strain under low temperature 10 ℃, 15 ℃ or 20 ℃ respectively. Furthermore, the contents of carotene and polyunsaturated fatty acids of the mutants were higher than their parental strain obviously. Investigation on physiological characteristics of mutant YB02 showed that photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate and proline content are higher than their parental strain. To improve mutant growth, the daughter mutant YB02 are also mutated twice. Two granddaughter mutants YB0201and YB0202 are also obtained. Their growth is faster than YB02.
Development of Isolating Medium for Klebsiella
GAO Hong, ZHANG Xia, GUAN Chun, LIU Pei, ZHANG Hai-Bin, ZHANG Hai-Ying, LI Jing, GAO Qi-Li
2008, 29(3):  355-358. 
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Objective: To develop a high performance medium for isolating Klebsiella. Method: Based on the character of Klebsiella that ferments inositol, and adonitol and is tolerant of carbenicillin, developing Maconkey-Inositol-Adonitol-Carbenicillin (MIAC) medium, observing the colonies of 33 strains of reference on different separating media, and assessing the proliferating effect and the practice appliance. Results: Klebsiella forms characteristic red colonies (diameter of 2~4 mm) on MIAC plate. The proliferating assessment indicated that MIAC had no significant difference with nutrient agar(result of rank sum test, p>0.05). Practice appliance indicated that MIAC had a high specificity, and simplified the lab work. Conclusion: MIAC can be used to isolate Klebsiella.
Analyzing Conservativeness of pksCT Gene for Citrinin Biosynthesis from Citrinin-producing Monascus spp
FU Gui-Ming, XU Yang, LI Yan-Ping, WU Chou-Fei
2008, 29(3):  359-363. 
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pksCT gene was a related gene responsible for citrinin biosynthesis in Monascus purpureus. In this study, fourteen citrinin-producing Monascus spp. coming from seven Monascus species were used in the experiment. Two DNA fragments from the transcriptional start region and the stop codon region of pksCT gene, which were 669 bp and 591 bp respectively, were gained from fourteen Monascus spp. by genomic PCR. Results of NCBI BLAST showed that PCR products exhibited high identity with each other, and were in accordance with the partial sequences of pksCT gene in M.purpureus which was announced in the Genbank. It was suggested that pksCT gene was a general gene responsible for citrinin biosynthesis in Monascus species. It was also indicated that it was the effective way to distinguish the citrinin-producing Monascus strain by analyzing the pksCT gene with genomic PCR.
Physico-chemical Property Study of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Bifidobacterium 22-5
CHEN Qian, LI Wei-Xin, CHENG Jing, SHI Ai-Min, TANG Ying-Long, LI Ping-Lan
2008, 29(3):  364-368. 
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The purity and some physicochemical properties of EPS (exopolysaccharide) by Bifidobacterium astroides 22-5 are studied. The result showed that the EPS is an onefold polysaccharide without dissociative nucleic acid and protein ,whose molecular mass 1.1×105 D, acidity , pH 6.5, soluble in water, but indissoluble in organic solvent.solubility. The viscosity of EPS is negatively correlated with temperature. Besides, it is stable when the pH of environment varies in the range from 4 to 10 and the ironic intensity is changed
Determination of Vitamin E in Vegetable Oils by Differential Pulse Voltammetry
LI Shu-Guo, CHEN Hui, LI Xue-Mei, XUE Wen-Tong, ZHANG Hui
2008, 29(3):  369-373. 
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The voltammetric behavior of α-tocopherol in the presence of vegetable oil has been invetigated at a glass carbon electrode in a 1,2 dichloroethane-ethanol medium with cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammogram of α-tocopherol showed a well-defined oxidation peak at 0.576 V, no cathodic peak observed. The oxidation process of the α-tocopherol is a typical diffusion-controlled current process. The optimum analytical parameters were obtained: the mixture of 1,2-dichloroethane and ethanol (1:3) as solvent, 0.05 mol/L LiClO4 and pH 3.0, the instrumental parameters: 10 mV/s of scan rate and 50 mV of pulse height. Using differential pulse voltammetry, the peak currents were found to increase linearly with the α-tocopherol concentration over the range of 5.0 to 350μmol/L, with a sensitivity of 1.852×10-8 A L/mol and the limit of detection of 1.5μmol/L (S/N=3), the detection time being 80 s for each assay. The interference of other synthetic antioxidants such as TBHQ, BHA and BHT to the analysis of α-tocopherol was studied. The developed method is applied to the quantification of α-tocopherol in four vegetable oils, showing that the results are in agreement with the results by HPLC method. It could be used as a simple, rapid and practical method for the quantification of tocopherols in vegetable oils without any sample pretreatment.
Analysis of Organic Acids in Fermented Capsicum by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography
JIA Hong-Feng, HE Zhi-Fei, LI Hong-Jun, FANG Ming-Qiang, LANG Jia, ZHU Yan-Fang
2008, 29(3):  374-379. 
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A method for simultaneous determination of 8 organic acids in fermented Capsicum by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography was developed. Hypersil-ODS2 column(4.6 mm×200 mm, 5μm)was used at 17℃ and mobile phase was 2% CH3OH-0.05 mol/L KH2PO4(pH 2.8)with flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. Detection wavelength was 214 nm. The relative standard deviations were lower than 3%, and the recoveries were 92.87% to 106.15%. In this study, two methods (extracted with heating or ultrasonic) were used to extract organic acids, it is proved that extraction with heating is better than ultrasonic.
Study on Determination of SO2 Residue in Grape Wine by Electric Potential Titration
LIN Jun, HU Qun, YE Min-Fang, YING Lin-Chu
2008, 29(3):  380-382. 
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In this rscarch, established a method for determination of SO2 residue in grape wine by electric potential titration. The method uses electric potential titrator to evaluated and control the end of point. In designing the method, we use helium to lustrate SO2 in sample which used be a blank control to eliminate the interference of other compounds in wines. The relative standard deviations of the method are between 0.15%~0.67%, the recoveries are between 99.1%~100.7%, the least limit of detection is 0.5 mg/L.
Simultaneous Analysis of F-、Cl-、SO42-、NO3- in Tea by Ion Chromatography
SHI Yuan-Zhi, YANG Yi-Yang, RUAN Jian-Yun, MA Li-Feng, ZHANG Lei, HAN Wen-Yan, WANG Fang
2008, 29(3):  383-385. 
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An ion chromatographic method for the simultaneous analysisF-、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-in tea samples was developed with ICS-2000 system. Conditions for separation and detection of F-、Cl-、SO42-andNO3-by gradient ion-chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection were studied. The gradient elution procedure was optimized as 8-44-52-8 mmol/L and the flow rate as 1.0 ml/min. It was found that the correlation coefficients of linear regression equations were abover 0.9999, and the detection limits of those anions were in the range of 0.01-0.05 mg/L, the recoveries of the method were between 88.6% to 107.5%. The method could be applied to the analysis of the batch tea samples with satisfactory results and speediness.
Rapid Determination Method of Para Red in Pepper Product
JIN Feng, XU Zhi-Qiang, CUI Xi-Yong, GAO Jie, NING Shang-Yong
2008, 29(3):  386-389. 
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Objective: A method for rapid determination of para red in pepper product on the spot was developed. Methods: According to some related methods, samples dyes were extracted with both n-hexane-ethyl and Al2O3 SPE pillar, and then washed down with gradient elution. N-hexane-ethyl acetate(18:1.5) was selected to develop dyes on the TLC plates in and separatison para red from other dyes. The extracts (0.05 ml) were developed on TLC plates in comparison with para red and the track showed whether there was para red in the samples. Results: With high accuracy and reproducibility, the detection limit of this method was 5μg/g and detection time was about 35 min. Conclusion: The method can be practically applied for its accuracy, rapidity and briefness.
Determination of Myclobutanil Residues in Fruits by Gas Chromatography-NPD
HAN Bing-Jun, TANG Jian-Biao, PENG Li-Xu
2008, 29(3):  390-392. 
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A method for the determination of myclobutanil residues in fruits was established with gas chromatogram-nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC-NPD). Residues of myclobutanil were extracted from sample with acetonitrile. After being cleaned up, the final extract was injected into GC with NPD. The detection limit was 0.008 mg/kg, precision and recovery tests were made at the spike level of 0.10, 0.50, 1.00 mg/kg respectively, and the results are as follows: recoveries in the range of 82.2%~97.8%, and relative standard deviation 2.14%~5.51%.
Determination of Total Flavonoids in Qianshan Acanthopanax senticosus Leaves and Fruits by Three-wavelength Spectrophotometry
ZHANG Lan-Jie, XIN Guang, CHEN Hua, ZHOU Xiao-Xuan
2008, 29(3):  393-395. 
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Determination of flavonoids in Qianshan Acanthopanax senticosus leaves and fruits by three-wavelength spectrophotometry can eliminate the absorbance error of interfering components, turbid solution and the scattering effect. Back-ground changed with concentration changed and asymmetric absorption peak problems can be solved also. The regression equation of concentration ΔA was obtained: ΔA =88.795C-0.2060 with a relation coefficient), r=0.9994. The experimental results demostmte the total flavonoids concentrations in 0~40.6 6μg/ml withΔA obeying linear relation. When the absorbanee was measured at wavelength λl=463 nm, λ2=417 nm andλ3=382 nm. The recovery is 96.86%~102.46% and the coeficient of variation is 0.136%. The method is more advantageous than tranditional spectrophotometry method.
Determination of Copper,Iron and Zinc in Seafood by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Using Suspension Sample Introduction Technique
LIN Jian-Yuan, XU Ya-Ping, XU Jin-Wei, SHEN Wei-Yi
2008, 29(3):  396-399. 
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The sample of seafood was bakeout, crushed, sifted and then suspended in 1.0 g/L agar solution, and so made into suspension. Copper, iron and zinc in shrimps, clam and oyster were successfully determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The working condition of apparatus,the stability of suspension, the detection limit and the recovery rate were studied. The relative standard deviations were less than 2.7%. The determination results were consistent with those obtained by ashing method. The relative errors between them were less than±1.5%. The recovery rate lay between 96.5%~102.3%. In FAAS method, the displacement of ashing method by suspension technique for the sample pretreatment of seafood is possible.This method was convenient , speediness and accurate.
Determination of Sudan Pigment in Preserved Egg by Combination of Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion and High Performance Liquid Chromatography
LIU Hong-Cheng, WANG Zhi-Fei, LI Qi-Wan, ZOU Yan-Hong, SHAO Jin-Liang, TANG Li-Bin
2008, 29(3):  400-402. 
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An analytic method for Sudan I~IV residues determination in preserved eggs by HPLC was developed. The sample was extracted and purified quickly by matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD), separated by a Waters Nova-Park C18 (3.9mm×150 mm,5μm) and detected respectivey with two wavelengths UV detector at 478nm and 520 nm. Two pillars confirmed a positive result. The recoveries range of determination is 85.5%~97.5%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) is 3.1%~5.1%. The detection limit is 0.1μg/ml.
Determination of Tea Polyphenols in Tea by 1.10-phenanthroline-iron(Ⅱ) Indicator
YUAN Yong, ZHANG Su-Fang, SHUANG Shao-Min, DONG Chuan
2008, 29(3):  403-405. 
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A new method for the determination of tea polyphenols (TP) by 1.10-phenanthroline-iron(Ⅱ) indicator is described in the study. The titration was accomplished with the sample solution as titrant and Potassium permanganate as the oxidizing agent in strong sulfuric acid medium. The end point of titration was determined with1.10-phenanthroline-iron(Ⅱ) indicator. The terminal color change of titration is sharp. The RSD of the method is 1.01%~1.40% (n=5)and the average recovery rate is 99.9%~101.1%.The proposed method was accurate and simple and has been successfully applied to the determination of tea polyphenols in tea.
Rapid Determination of β-Carotene in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
CHEN You-Gen, ZHANG Rong, HU Qin
2008, 29(3):  406-408. 
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Fresh carrot, tomato and chili were used as test samples, absolute alcohol were used in process of triturating and dehydrating, acetone were used for extraction, all of the alcohol solution and acetone solution were commixed, and the content of β-carotene were directly determined by HPLC. The results indicated that: The content of β-carotene in fresh carrot, tomato and chili were 0.841, 0.067, 0.260 mg/100 g, respectively;The recovery test ofβ-carotene were 95.45%(RSD=1.41%, n=5), 97.17%(RSD=0.94%, n=5), 97.54%(RSD=0.86%, n=5), respectively;This method is accurate, convenient and reproducible, and can be used for determination of β-carotene in other fresh fruits or vegetables.
Determination of Titanium in Foods by Microwave Digestion ICP-AES
LUO Hai-Ying, GUO Xin-Dong, YE Jia-Rong, DU Zhi-Feng, WU Yu-Luan, WANG Yong-Hua
2008, 29(3):  409-411. 
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A sensitive and rapid method was established to determine titanium in foods by microwave digestion(MD)-inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric (ICP-AES). In the microwave digestion system, HNO3+H2SO4+H2O(3/2/3, V/V/V)was used as the composition of acids, and programming temperature controlling was employed. Method detection limit, average recovery and RSD were 0.1 mg/kg, 95.6%~104.9%, and1.4%~ 4.2% respectively under selected condition. The results showed that the method is simple, rapid, less environment contamination. It is of great suitable for determination of titanium in foods.
Determination of Hydroxymethylfurfural Contents in Royal Jelly by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
WU Li-Ming, TIAN Wen-Li, XUE Xiao-Feng, ZHOU Xiao, ZHAO Jing, HU Fu-Liang
2008, 29(3):  412-414. 
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A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was described for determination of HMF (hydroxymethylfurfural) in royal jelly. The sample was extracted with water and removed proteins using the zinc acetate and potassium ferrocyanide solutions. The sample extract was cleaned up by C18 SPE cartridge, while the HMF was eluted off via C18 SPE cartridge with methanol and evaporated to dryness on nitrogen dry evaporator, and residues were dissolved in mobile phase and passed through 0.45μm filters for determination by a liquid chromatography UV detection with the wavelength of 285 nm. The linear range of the method are 0.1~100 mg/L and the linear correlation coefficient is 0.9993. In the ranges of 0.2~10 mg/kg , the fortification recoveries are 87.2%~93.1%, the relative standard deviations are 0.9%~3.4%. The limit of detection for the method is 0.2 mg/kg.
Assay Taurine in Milk Power for Infant and Young Children with Pre-column Derivatization HPLC
HUANG Zhe-Wen, TANG Qin-Qiang
2008, 29(3):  415-417. 
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Objective: Strength the reliability of detemining the assay for taurine in milk power for infant and young children with pre-column derivatization HPLC. Methods: HPLC method was used, chromatography condition included:The instrument was SHIMADZU-10A with a Kromasil C18 column, and the mobile phase was methanol-0.05mol/L NaAc (35:65) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The UV detection wavelenge was 360 nm. Results: Taurine had a good linearity(γ=0.9996)in the range of 0.00~20.34μg/ ml. The relative recovery was 99.6%, RSD was 2.0%(n=5). Conclusion: An accurate method with good reproducibility for control of taurine in milk power for infant and young children were established.
Study on Non-destructive Apple Firmness Assay with Spectral Imaging
LIU Mu-Hua, ZHAO Jie-Wen, CHENG Ren-Fa
2008, 29(3):  418-422. 
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The internal qualities of apple were detected with spectral imaging in this study. The spectral imaging in wavelength of 632, 650, 670, 780, 850 and 900 nm were respectively captured. The functions of lorentzian distribution (LD), gaussian distribution (GD) and exponential distribution (ED) with three parameters were used to fit scattering profiles for all wavelengths. LD was found to be the best function for fitting gray distribution of imaging. The multi-linear regression model related with lorentzian parameters to fruit firmness were developed with best single wavelength, double wavelengths, three wavelengths and four wavelengths respectively. The best model with respect to four wavelengths was able to predict apple firmness with r=0.880. Results showed that the multi-spectral scattering imaging provides a nondestructive means for measuring apple firmness, and is a fast and easy method to perform.
Direct Determination of Lead in Honey by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
LI Gong-Hai, YU Xiao-Dong, YAO Qi, XU Jin-Zhong, WU Bin, SHEN Chong-Yu
2008, 29(3):  423-425. 
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No digestion and direct determination of lead in honey by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS). The influence of instrument parameters and chemical modifiers were investigated.The detection limit of the lead is 0.65μg/L; The relative standard deviations is 1.4%~9.5%. The recovery is in the rage of 96.8%~109.0%. This method has advantages of simple operation and high efficiency was compared with national standard testing method.
Study on Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Pesticides Multi-residues in Vegetables
ZHANG Zong-Mei, CHAI Yong, JIANG Xue-Wei, LIU Ji-Zhen
2008, 29(3):  426-428. 
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Through the sampling and monitoring of 460 vegetables samples, the results showed that the banned omethoate and the non-prohibiting chlorothalonil were still used frequently on the vegetables. In different species of vegetables, the highest detection rate of pesticide residues is found in beans, while the highest average rate is 48.8%. Accerding to different seasons, the highest detection rate is in July with the average rate 36%. From different vegetables sources, the highest disqualification rate is found in the supermarket with the average rate 13.3%.
Study on Determination of Additive Sorbic Acid in Foods
LI Zhu-Yun, WANG Li-Hua, WANG Lu-Min, WANG Mei-Lan
2008, 29(3):  429-432. 
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A new oxidation system, H2O2-H2SO4solution, for sorbic acid was studied. As the oxidation product, propylene dialdehyde, will react with thiobarbituric acid and generated the color. The contents of sorbic acid have measured by spectrophotometry. Sorbic acid could be oxidized by 0.1%H2O2-0.15mo1/LH2SO4at 60 ℃ in water, and the color development will be exhibition with 5 g/L thiobarbituric acid in boiling water. The experiment results show that the maximum absorption at 530 nm, and the color product will be stabilization in 24 h. The concentration of sorbic acid will obey Beer Lambert law in the range of 0~1.066μg/ml. The apparent molar absorption coefficient is 4.26×104 L/mol·cm. The method was applied to determine the contents of sorbic acid in with satisfactory results.
Simultaneous Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Tyrosine and Tryptophane with Aid of Chemometrics
NI Yong-Nian, CAI Ying-Jun
2008, 29(3):  433-435. 
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A kinetic spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of tyrosine and tryptophane with chemometrics was developed. This method was based on the reduction of KMnO4 to MnO42-by these two amino acids in alkalescent medium. By detecting the absorbance of MnO42-at 610 nm wavelength for a period of 300 s, the kinetic data were measured and recorded for determination. The partial least square method was used to establish the model based on the kinetic data and was then used to predict the merchant amino acid samples with satisfy results.
Determination of Avermectin Residues in Eel Tissue by HPLC
LIN Li-Feng, LIANG Zhen
2008, 29(3):  436-437. 
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A rapid HPLC method for determination of avermetion in eel tisue was developed. After extracted by acetonitrile and cleaned up by liquid phase extraction on dichloromethane, concentrated, following derivatization with N-methylimidazole and triflucroacetle, avermection determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) with fluorescence detection. Recoveries ranged from 78.3%~101.9% for eel tisue samples fortified with avermection ranges from 2~20μg/kg, the limited level of detection is 1μg/kg.
Study on Extraction of Grapefruit Seed Oil and Analysis of Fatty Acids by GC
WAN Yi-Qun, XIAO Li-Feng
2008, 29(3):  438-440. 
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Seed oil of grapefruit was studied by Soxhlet extraction and SFE-CO2 extraction respectively. The effects of different conditions on the seed oil of grapefruit extraction were explored. And the fatty acids in the extracting oil were analysed using GC. The results showed that the oil contained abundant fatty acids, the main fatty acids were linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid. Its relative content was more than 90%, and the composition of fatty acids in grapefruit seed oil was not influenced by different extraction method.
Study on Polymer Extraction and Dual Wavelength Spectrophotometer Determine of Carmine and Amaranth
DU Jian-Zhong, PANG Hui-Dan, WU Su-Qin, WEN Ya-Bo, ZENG Xiu-Wen
2008, 29(3):  441-443. 
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Make use of the trait of aqueous polymer can separated two phases with solution in the presence of inorganic salt, carmine and amaranth was transferred polymer phase. Disturber of other matters was removed. In an borax buffer medium of pH≈8, the content of carmine and amaranth was determined with dual wavelength spectrophotometer. Good linear relationdip was obtained in the range of 0.8~60μg of carmine per milliliter of solution, 1~70μg of amaranth per milliliter of solution, and recoveries were found in the range of 96%~105%. The method is quick, accurate and be handled easily.
Analysis of Muscle Fatty Acid Composition of Different Breed Yaks and Yellow Cattles in Sichuan by GC-MS
2008, 29(3):  444-449. 
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Analysis fatty acid composition in muscle of Jiulong and Angke two yak breed and Xuanhan,Pingwu,Chuannan,Ebian four yellow cattle breed. Meat fat was separated and the fatty acid composition was analyzed using GC-MS following methyl esterification. The results demonstrated that the sixteen varieties fatty acid there are significant difference except stearic acid (p<0.05) in different varieties. The content of unsaturated fatty acid there is great difference from 18.65% to 3.07% in different varieties. The contents of unsaturated fatty acid in yak (48.49%) is obviously higher than yellow cattle (41.87%), the highest is the Jiulong yak (49.40%); There exists the significant difference of polyunsaturated fatty acid among different varieties, the highest is in the Jiulong yak (15.41%) and Pingwu yellow cattle(15.72%), The ratio of MUFA/PUFA is 3.69:1in Jiulong yak and 2.53:1 in Pingwu yellow cattle. The results indicated that Jiulong yak has high nutritional value, this has the important meaning to the development of Jiulong yak and breeding of cattle.
Study on Separation,Purification and Immune Activity of Peptide from Bee Pollen
SUN Pei-Long, ZHANG Yi-Min, HE Rong-Jun, YANG Kai
2008, 29(3):  450-452. 
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There are many kinds of proteins and peptides in the bee pollen. Many of them can significantly enhance immunity. A peptide was isolated and purified from the crude bee pollen proteins which was salted out by 60%~80% ammonium sulfate. The molecular weight estimated from SDS-PAGE was 36.3 kD. The purification procedures included Superose-12 chromatography and DEAE Sepharose F.F. ion-exchange chromatography. And the peptide could significantly enhance immunity through the mice test.
Study on Antioxidant Activity of Grateloupia filicina Polysaccharide
ZHU Liang-; Zhang-Jie-Ping-; Wang-Yi-Fei
2008, 29(3):  453-456. 
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 Objective: To investigate the antioxidationc apability of the water-soluble polysaccharide in vitro isolated from Grateloupia filicina. Methods: The antioxidation ability and reducing power of water-soluble polysaccharide (WGZ-b) were evaluated. Results: The results showed that the high polysaccharide concentrations of Grateloupia filicina has higher reduction energy than BHT and PG. It also found that the polysaccharides antioxidative activity, shows scavenging effects are in the order: O2-·>DPPH>·OH. The half inhibit concentration (IC50) to DPPH; O2-· is 116, 84.0μg/ml. Conclusion: The water-soluble polysaccharides of Grateloupia filicina possess a strong antioxidation capability.
Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Chondrus ocellatus in Different Seasons
ZHOU Ge-Fei-; Wei-Yuan-Chen-; Wang-Chang-Hai
2008, 29(3):  457-459. 
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Chondrus ocellatus collected in spring and autumn on the same seaside, respectively, was extracted by 95% ethanol. Antioxidant activities of extractions were determined by chemical methods to produce superoxide free radicals, hydroxide free radicals and lipid peroxide of rat liver microsome. The results indicated that Chondrus ocellatus collected in different seasons can all scavenge superoxide free radicals and hydroxide free radicals. At the same time, they all show activities to inhibit lipid peroxide of rat liver microsome to certain degree. In addition, they show significant difference between the two extractions from Chondrus ocellatus in different seasons.
Components of Pholiota nameko Mucilage and in vitro Improving Immunity Power Function
YUAN Guang-Feng, LI Yong-Wen, ZHANG Shu-Bin, WANG Li-An
2008, 29(3):  460-462. 
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The main components of mucilage from Pholiota nameko mushroom were analysed by the methods of quantitative and qualitative analy. The results indicated that the mucilage contained three kinds of components, namely: protein (0.209%), DNA (1.315%) and polysaccharides (2.231%). MTT tsets showed that the mucilage in vitro can stimulate the proliferation of rat spleen lymphocyte. This in vitro study suggested that the mucilage has the function on improving immunity power.
Study on Antioxidative Effects of Corn Peptides on Rats in vitro
ZHU Yan-Hua, TAN Jun
2008, 29(3):  463-465. 
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The effects of corn peptides(CP) on hemolysis of rats red blood cell were observed in the spectrophotometric method, while the reagent kits were used to analyze the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). In vitro, the inhibiting rate of 10.0mg/ml CP on radical-induced MDA formation in rat liver mitochondria was 39.63%, while 22.83% in normal rats liver, 45.59% incubated with Fe2+ and 67.53% incubated with H2O2. CP made the radical-induced swelling of rats liver mitochondria obviously be lower than the control, so the results showed that CP could inhibit oxidation damage of rats liver mitochondria. Cp could also inhibit hemolysis induced by H2O2 during warm-bathing of rats red blood cell, so this result showed activity the protection held against oxidation damage of rats red blood cell.
Study on Preventing Dongzao Jujube Fruit Serosa Disease with Low Temperature Storage with Hypobaric and Ozone Treatments
WANG Li-Xia, ZHANG You-Lin, CHEN Jin-Ping, HAO Gao-Jian, FU Cheng-Cheng, ZHOU Rui
2008, 29(3):  466-470. 
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 The article mainly studied the fruit serosa disease, the major disease to Dongzao Jujube dring the fruit storage. The isolating, cultivating, purifying, examinating and microscopic examinates of the pathogen have been assayed. The fact that Alternaria Nee ex Wallr is the pathogen of fruit serosa disease of Dongzao Jujube has been assayed and identified. Moreover, the effects of temperature, pressure and ozone on Alternaria Nee ex Wallr have also been studied, and confirmed that 100 mg/m3 ozone at 20.3 kPa and-0.5 ℃ can refrain spores of Alternaria Nee ex Wallr from fast breeding.
Effect of Weak Light Illumination on Qualities of Fruits and Vegetables in Cold Storage
XIE Jing, CAI Nan, HAN Zhi
2008, 29(3):  471-474. 
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This study aimed to create a new approach to prolonging the vegetable and fruit shelf life in the cold storage with low light intensity illuminating. Red light diode emitter was used as radiation source. The comparison experiments were made with respect to both the asparagus and the kiwi fruit under the three different conditions, namely the normal temperature storage the ordinary cold storage and the cold storage with the weak light illuminating. Sample hardness, weightlessness loss rate, VC content, chlorophyll content and soluble solid content were tested every two days. The experimental results indicated that the cold storage with weak light illumination can increase the asparagus VC and the kiwi fruit VC content in the early period of storage, prevent the chlorophyll degeneration of asparagus, sustain both the asparagus and the kiwi fruit soluble solid, but show no remarkable effects on both weight loss. Thus it was expected that the cold storage with weak light illumination can become a new cold storage method.
Study on Fresh-keeping of Beef by Coating with Sodium Alginate
WANG Xue-Rong, HAN Jian-Quan, WANG Shui-Ping
2008, 29(3):  475-477. 
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Fresh beef were treated with different methods for the surface sterilizing, dipped short time in coating fresh-keeping solvent of different proportion and stored at 0~4 ℃. The results showed that fresh beef could be kept fresh 28 days at 0~4℃ at following treatment condition: sterilized with mixed organic acids(2%HAc+0.25% CA +0.1%VC), dipped 2 min in water solvent made from 3% sodium alginate, 0.03% pyrocatechin and 0.2% citric acid, then disposed quietly 10 min, dipped 2 min in 2% calcium chloride solvent, moreover various kinds targets still met the state standard of the second grade fresh meat.
Effects of Calcium-dipping and Hot Pretreatment on Storage of Strawberry
LI Li-Mei, GUAN Jun-Feng, JI Hua, FENG Yun-Xiao, SUN Yu-Long
2008, 29(3):  478-480. 
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The pretreatment of hot-treatment and calcium-dipping was carried on strawberry at half-red stage under packaging and no-packaging storage. The results showed that dipping in 45 ℃,1% CaCl2 solution for 20 min and then packaged with 30μm PE film could increase the flesh calcium contents, hold higher protopectin content and firmness, inhibit formation of anthocyanin, and effectively delay ripening and senescence, thus attain the best preservation effect.
Effects of Hot Water Rinsing and Brushing Treatments on Postharvest Decay and Quality of Strawberry
JING Wei, TU Kang, SHAO Xing-Feng, SU Zi-Peng, ZHAO Yan
2008, 29(3):  481-485. 
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Fengxiang strawberries were treated with hot water rinsing and brushing (HWRB) treatment at 55, 60 ℃ and 65 ℃ for 20 s in the experiment. The purpose was to investigate the effect of this heat treatment on fruit decay and quality after ambient temperature storage(20 ℃, 3 d) or cold storage(0 ℃, 12 d). Results showed that HWRB treatment could significantly decrease the epiphytic microbial population on fruit surface after heat treatments, inhibit weight loss and respiration rate, and keep high content of VC; Fruits treated with 65 ℃, 20 s had the lowest decay incidence, but part of the fruits showed surface shriveling and bleaching and became unacceptable commercially. Fruits treated with 60℃ had less decay incidence than untreated ones, and cold storage could enhance the effect of HWRB treatments. At the same time, there were no negative effects of 60℃ 20s HWRB on fruit surface color, firmness, and the contents of soluble solids, titratable acidity, so it was a preferred treatment for postharvest strawberry storage.
Study on SO2 Accumulation on Table Grapes in Storage
WU Jian-Ming, ZHONG Mei, WU Bin, WANG Ji-De
2008, 29(3):  486-489. 
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SO2 injury threshold of four different varieties table grapes in Xinjiang province at different fumigation level were investigated. And the soluble solid content (SSC), rigidity, pH, SO2 accumulation in pericarp and sarcocarp were determined at the end of the shelf life. Results showed that SSC and rigidity were declined compared with the control. pH was not significantly changed. Results of continuous SO2 fumigation showed that the total sulfur was increased along with the storage time. But the excessively accumulation of sulfite was not appeared both in pericarp and sarcocarp.
Fuzzy Evaluation Method in Meat Food Traceability System
LIU Li-Xin, ZHANG Jian, ZHANG Xiao-Shuan
2008, 29(3):  490-493. 
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As effective methods of quality security management, traceability system for meat food would attract the attention of consumers, domestic and foreign agencies. This paper determined the traceable fuzzy prior probability and distribution function based on the hazard risk severity, frequency and measured, actualized the tracking and early-warning of quality security combining to the expertise and knowledge, established direct and indirect traceable negative correlation set of the quality security according to the previous hazards results, recognized risk model and factors of minimal cut sets and minimal path sets for the quality security of meat food based FMECA, and achieved the traceability of quality security.
 Review of Variety Identification in Honey Types
CHEN Lan-Zhen, YE Zhi-Hua, ZHAO Jing
2008, 29(3):  494-498. 
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This paper viewed all kinds of techniques of identification were used in determining honey types at present, including sensory analysis, pollen analysis, routine physico-chemical analysis, chromatography, spectroscopy technique. The prospect of honey types identification was also discussed.
Advance on Production of L-Glutamine by Microbial Fermentation
TANG Ya-Jie, ZHANG Wei, LI Hong-Mei, LI Dong-Sheng, WU Si-Fang
2008, 29(3):  499-503. 
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 L-glutamine (hereafter referred to as L-Gln) is a acylation-γ-carboxy-glutamic acid, which is in the part of protein structure and is the nitrogen source of biomaterial containing nitrogen. L-Gln plays key role in the cure of gastritis and stomach intestine ulcer, relieving of tiredness, regulating immunity, adjusting cerebral nerves and curing cancer. L-Gln at the market is mainly produced through the fermentation process of microbes. This paper briefly reviewed the advanced development of key fermentation technologies, such as the breeding of producing strain, fermentation processes optimization, separation and purification in down-stream process, especially biosynthetic metabolic engineering, new filtration and coupling technology.