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Table of Content

15 April 2008, Volume 29 Issue 4
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR) Study on Free Radical Transfer in Lipoxygenase I-B- Catalyzed Linoleic Acid-Soybean Protein Interaction (II) Determination of Free Radicals
HUANG You-Ru, HUA Yu-Fei, WANG Xue-Feng, GU Jian-Hua, CHEN Yi-Yong
2008, 29(4):  41-45. 
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Soybean proteins were prepared from the model systems consisting of lipid-reduced soybean proteins, linoleic acid and lipoxygenase, and the EPR spectra of the proteins were investigated and compared with at different microwaves. The effects of preparation methods on the free radical concentration and species were examined. Four different type free radicals were identified as the damage of protein side chains or free radical chain reaction. The carbon radicals (g value range 2.0041 to 2.0054) formed at either on the backbone of the α-carbon or on the side chains of the proteins, while the free radical concentration or central singlet signal decreased with increased microwaves. Sulphur radicals (g value range 2.019 to 2.028) attributed to sulfur- containing side-chain of methionine or cysteine in the proteins were all detected at different microwaves, and were stable even at room temperature as observed in two samples. The radical ·OH was originated from free radical chain reaction and water molecules, and related to dityrosine formation from oxidative modification of soybean proteins examined in the previous study. Aldehyde radical must be originated from the enzymatic reactions which occurred between soybean proteins and the degradation product of linoleic acid oxidation catalyzed by lipoxygenase I-B (LOX). It was contained in the central carbon signal, but shifted in some sort to high magnetic field.
Study on Preparation and Oxidation Stability of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Ethyl Ester Microemulsion
FAN Li, WU Man-Jiang-·Ai-Li, YANG Sheng-Rong
2008, 29(4):  46-49. 
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 The formation conditions and phase behaviors of conjugated linoleic acid ethyl ester (CLAEE) microemulsion were studied. Aerosol-OT (AOT) was used as surfactant, and several short chain alcohols (i.e. ethanol, n-propanol, and n-butanol) were investigated as cosurfactants. The results showed that different structures of alcohols used as surfactants can form different types of microemulsion, but different values of Km (surfacant/cosurfactant) can only affect the thus-formed microemulsion area. Comparing the oxidative stability of CLAEE, with that of CLAEE microemulsion sees an outstanding rise, in a better resistance to oxidation of the latter. Hence the practice of adding 0.1% vitamin C (VC) and 0.1% vitamin E (VE) into the CLAEE microemulsion can further increase the oxidative stability of the products.
Qualitative Analysis of β-carotene Isomers
CHOU Dan, CHEN Zhi-Rong, LI Hao-Ran
2008, 29(4):  50-53. 
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A developed high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was introduced to determine the isomers of β-carotene. As a ternary solvent system of methanol-methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE)-water (50:45:5, V/V/V) was used as mobile phase, at lesat eight products of β-carotene melts were resolved within 10 mins with a C30 column of 1 ml/min flow rate at 455nm detection. Then these products were determined as possible isomers of β-carotene with the help of HPLC-APCI- MS. They are identified in the order, 15-cis-, 13-cis-, 9,15-di-cis-, 9,13-di-cis-, all-trans-, 13,15-di-cis-, 9-cis- and 9,13’-di-cis- β-carotene on the bases of spectral characteristics and Q ratios.
Binding Property of Chondroitin Sulfate and Cupric Ion
XIONG Shuang-Li, JIN Zheng-Yu
2008, 29(4):  54-57. 
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This experiment studied the ChS-Cu (chondroitin sulfate-Cu) complex, analyzed its spectroscopic and thermody- namics characteristics, and its three chemically reduced or sulfonated or desulfate derivatives, and compared the binding properties of unmodified ChS and its three chemically reduced or sulfonated or desulfate derivatives by fluorescence quenching assay and equilibrium dialysis technique. The changes of spectroscopic assay and thermodynamics of ChS-Cu complex exhibit the mating reactions between ChS and Cu2+. The results of luorescence quenching assay and equilibrium dialysis experiments showed that the carboxy group but not sulfate group is involved in this reaction.
Purification and Structural Analysis of Polysaccharides from Acanthus ilicifolius
TIAN Ying, JIANG Bo, ZHANG Tao
2008, 29(4):  58-62. 
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Crude polysaccharides extracted from Acanthus ilicifolius L. by hot water were decoloured and deproteinated by D301 and trichloroacetic acid. Two polysaccharide fractions named NAP(neutral Acanthus ilicifolius L. polysaccharide) and AAPB (acid Acanthus ilicifolius L. polysaccharide B)were isolated by anion-exchange chromatography DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography of Sepharose CL-6B. The purified NAP and AAPB were proved to be homogeneous by HPGFC and their molecular weights (MW) were 11775 and 23161 respectively. IR,GC and LC were used to explore structural characters of the polysaccharides. Analysis of neutral monosaccharide composition indicated that NAP contained high proportions of arabinose, galactose and glucose, and AAPB was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose and galactose. The content of uronic acid in AAPB was 51.23% and that of protein in AAPB was 4.07%, which showed that AAPB is a pectin-type heteropolysaccharide.
Study on Factors Affecting Carbonyl Value of Frying Oil and Relationship between Carbonyl Value and Viscosity
XU Rong-Hua, YAN Xi-Shuang, JIANG Hui, ZHANG Hong-Sheng
2008, 29(4):  63-65. 
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The technics of frying in food industry was simulated in this study. And the main factors influencing the carbonyl value and viscosity except the frying time were also studied in this paper. SPSS was used to analyze the relation between the carbonyl value and viscosity. The results indicated that the temperature of frying and the kind of frying oil except the frying time were the main factors influencing the carbonyl value and viscosity of frying oil. And the relationship between the changes of carbonyl value and that of viscosity of frying oil was significant during the frying.
Antioxidant Properties of Polysaccharide Extracted and Purified from Lotus Roots Pomace
YAN Lang, SHI Bao-Xia, LI Quan-Hong
2008, 29(4):  66-69. 
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Water-soluble polysaccharides tabled as NPh were separated from lotus roots pomace by hot-water extraction and ethanol precipitation and then purified by ion exchange chromatography of DEAE sepharose fast-flow.After being studied on pH values and three kinds of NaCl concentrations , the purification conditions are found as follows: 50 mmol/L acetic acid- sodium acetate as start buffer, pH value 5.0, elution buffer as 0.5mol/L NaCl mixed with start buffer,and elution rate 6.0 ml/ min.The antioxidant activities of NPh2 evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl DPPH· radical-scavenging activity and protective effects of erythrocyte hemolysis. Though the polysaccharides exhibit no notable inhibition of the DPPH·radical, but effectively inhibit the erythrocyte’s auto-oxidation and prevent the activated hemolysis by H2O2.
Surface and Gourmet Properties of Several Legume Fat Anglogs and Applications in Dried Meat Floss
LIU Chun-Guang, LI Lu-Ning, YAO Wei-Rong
2008, 29(4):  70-73. 
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Surface and gourmet properties of several kinds of legume fat analogs were studied with optical contact angle measuring device,which could explore the formation and the fat substitution mechanism of fat analogs.The study in the application of dried meat floss through gourmet evaluation has confirmed their substitution feasibility. The best fat analog and the substitution rate have also been determined.
Study on Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) Character and Inhibiting Effects of Dangshan Pear
XU Qin, QIAO Yong-Jin, FANG Qiang, ZHANG Shao-Ling, WANG Hai-Hong
2008, 29(4):  74-77. 
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Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is the key enzyme of enzymatic browning, and its characteristics and inhibiting effects are the important involvements of studying enzymatic browning of fruit and vegetable. With spectrophotometry method and based on substrate of catechol, the characteristics of PPO and the effects of various inhibitors on PPO activity were investigated. The results showed that the optimum pH-activity is 4.5, and the optimum temperature for pear PPO activity is 34 ℃, so the high temperature short time treatment can inhibit PPO activity evidently. The kinetics of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction of PPO is in accord with Michaelis-Menten equation, whereas Km and Vmax values are respectively 0.125 mol/L and 178.57 U/min. Of the inhibitors tested, L-cysteine, sodium bisulphite or ascorbic acid is more effective than citric acid, and the most effective inhibitor is L-cysteine.
Preliminary Study on Affecting Factors in Soybean Sauce Omic Heating
CHENG Yu-Lai, CHEN Bo
2008, 29(4):  78-81. 
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This article mainly studied the effect of different conditions on the heating speed, electrical conductivity and the sterilization of yeast in the soybean sauce. The experimental results indicated that the heating rate of the soybean sauce increased with increase of the voltage and the salt content and decrease of solid content. The soybean sauce electrical conductivity and the temperature had the linear relation. Orthogonal test confirmed the best sterilization condition: 35 V, 65 ℃ 150 s. Under these conditions, it could completely exterminated the yeast in the soybean sauce, and the consuming power of electrical energy was 785 J/ kg·s.
Study on Ready-to-use Starter to Produce Sauerkraut Organic Acids and Flavor Components
WANG Juan-Juan, WANG Shun-Xi, MA Wei
2008, 29(4):  82-86. 
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In this study, SPME-GC-MS was used to detect the volatile compounds, organic acids, amino acids and organic alcohols of sauerkraut qualitatively and quantitatively by HPLC, amino acid analysis apparatus and GC. Upon these conditions, the flavor components of natural fermentation and inoculating fermentation sauerkraut were analysed comparatively.
Effects of DEAE-52 Anion-exchanging Chromatography on Yield Rate of IgG Purified from Swine Serum
LIU Sheng-Jie, YU Wei-Yi, ZHU Mao-Ying, LIU Cheng-Wen, NIE Chuan-Peng, LI Dong-Wei
2008, 29(4):  87-89. 
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Objectives: To purify immunoglobulin G (IgG) from swine serum and analyze the effects of DEAE-52 chromatog- raphy on the yield rate of IgG. Methods: Porcine IgG was separated and purified from swine serum by two-step methods, SDS- PAGE and Bradfold assaying kit with saturated ammonium sulphate (SAS) precipitation followed by DEAE-52 cellulose anion- exchanging chromatography. The effects of DEAE-52 chromatography on the yield rate of IgG were defermined by SDS-PAGE and Bradford assaying kit with double immunodiffusion(DI). Results:Two different eluate peaks are obtained in DEAE-52 chromatography. IgG is also found in different eluate peaks of chromatogram by SDS-PAGE and DI.The yield rate and purity of IgG in first eluate peak are 3.0~4.0 mg/ml serum and 95.7% respectively. But the purity in second eluate peak is lower. Conclusion: DEAE-52 chromatography leads the porcine IgG to distribute in two different eluate perks. The IgG of electro- phoretic purity can be purified from the first eluate perk of DEAE-52 chromatogram by two-step methods. The yield rate of IgG can be largely increased by IgG and further purified from the second eluate perk .
Observation on Inhibitory Effect of Pyrolin against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
YU Qing-Hua, YIN Wen-Zheng, AI Qi-Jun, ZHANG Wei
2008, 29(4):  90-93. 
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In order to initially investigate antimicrobial mechanisms of pyrolin against Staphylococcus S.aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the growth curves, the membrance patency and the structure under scanning electron microscope were studied. The results showed that pyrolin is able to effectively inhibit the growth of S.aureus and P.aeruginosa. The inhibitory effect against them increased with the concentration of pyrolin. Pyrolin had strong bactericidal action against S.aureus. The membrance patency of the cells affected by pyrolin of S.aureus compared with that of the normal cells dramatically increased. But that of P.aeruginosa did not change. Observation under scanning electron microscope revealed that the structure of the cells of S.aureus were significantly destroyed by pyrolin, and the cells wall were melted. The cells were sticked by the melt, the boundary between cells became obscure. The boundary between cells of P.aeruginosa also got obscure, but the structure of it was not destroyed by pyrolin. In a conclusion, the antimicrobial activity of pyrolin against S.aureus is relevant to the structure destruction of cells membrance and wall. But that of P.aeruginosa is not.
Study on PigmentⅠStability from Passionflower Seedcase
2008, 29(4):  94-97. 
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The stability of pigmentⅠ from Passiflora edulis Sims’seedcase was investigated in this study. The results showed that the pH has obvious effects on the pigmentⅠstability. In the range of pH 1~4 there is little effect, but the metallic ions such as Cu2+ and Al3+ can strengthern the pigment color. However, Fe3+ has severe undesirable effect, changing the colorⅠinto some other color. It was found that the pigmentⅠis poor resistant to light, heat, reduct, oxide and NO2 . Bleacher can bleach the pigment Ⅰ.The results showed that the pigmentⅠ is worth of exploiting and utilizing. It may be used as one of the resources of natural edible pigment.
Kinetics of Tyrosinase Catalyzing Reaction Activated by Caffeic Acid
DENG Xiang-Qing, GONG Sheng-Zhao, ZHANG Mu-Quan
2008, 29(4):  98-101. 
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The active effects of caffeic acid on the activity of monophenolase and diphenolase contained in mushroom tyrosinase was studied by enzymological kinetic method at 30℃, and pH 6.8 with Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 as buffer solution. Caffeic acid was found capable to activate both the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase. The caffeic acid concentration leading to 50% activtion rate (IC50) is 0.61 mmol/L for monophenolase activity or 1.49 mmol/L for diphenolase activity. Caffeic acid can remove the lag time of tyrosinase for oxidation of L-tyrosine. The activation kinetics analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots of caffeic acids was shown to be of mixed activator characteristics for the oxidation of L-DOPA. The Michaelis constants, Km, become 0.31, 0.25, 0.20, 0.15 mmol/L respectively when the caffeic acids are 0, 0.50, 1.0, 1.50mmol/L.
Effects of Fixation Procedure on Aroma Compositions and Alcoholic Precursors Distribution of Huangdan Oolong Tea
MIAO Ai-Qing, JIANG He-Yuan, LI Jia-Xian, HU Hai-Tao, HE Yu-Mei, PANG Shi
2008, 29(4):  102-105. 
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SDE was used to analyze the essential oils content of fresh and fixation materials of Huangdan cultivar, and aroma composition and its alcoholic precursors distribution compared between Huangdan raw material and fixation materials, in order to find out the effects of fixation procedure on free aroma compositions and its alcoholic precursors distribution and content, so as to find the major pathway to transform aroma compositions of oolong tea. The results showed that the contents of free essential oil of raw material in stems are the highest (20.95 mg/kg), and that in leaves was the lowest (8.15 mg/kg). But the content and distribution of bound alcoholic essential oil were reverse with those of free essential oil. The content of free essential oil of fixation material in shoots is the highest (48.22 mg/kg), and that in leaves the lowest (43.75 mg/kg). After fixation procedure, the content of free essential oil in stems and leaves increases significantly, while the difference between stems and leaves is reduced. Besidse, total content of bound essential oils is reduced about 13.2%~27.4% in stems and leaves. The changes of bound nerolidol and geraniol involved are that terpene aroma is majorly transformed from isopentenylpyrophosphate (IPP) via multilevel enzyme- catalyzed reactions, while the approach of hydrolysis release of glycosidase is only the subordinate pathway.
Fatty Acid Composition Assay and Function Evaluation of White Yak Meat
LI Peng, SUN Jing-Xin, WANG Feng-Wu, WANG Cun-Tang, HAN Ling, YU Qun-Li
2008, 29(4):  106-108. 
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Fatty acid composition and function evaluation of Tianzhu white yak meat were analyzed by GC-MS and compared with local yellow cattle. The results showed that their fatty acid composition was main saturated fatty acids. There were significant difference and very significant difference on unsaturated and functional fatty acids between them(p<0.05 or p< 0.01). The yak meat fatty acids had more kinds and higher nutrition.
Effects of MS Value of Hydroxypropylation on Physicochemical and Thermal Characteristics of Waxy Rice Starch
MA Xiao-Jun, LI Li-Sha, GENG Min, MIAO Ming
2008, 29(4):  109-113. 
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Starch isolated from Chinese waxy rice was hydroxypropylated with propylene oxide at pH 10.5. The samples with the extent of hydroxypropylation measured as molar substitution (MS) 0.08, 0.12, 0.19 were investigated respectively. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffractometry were applied to show granular size and shape, as well as their X-ray diffraction patterns. Hydroxypropylated starches show lower gelatinization parameters (To, Tp, Tc andΔH) than those of the native starch by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Rapid visco analyzer (RVA) showed that pasting temperature and setback values of the modified starches decrease, whereas peak viscosity increases in comparison with the native starch. The transparency and freeze- thaw stability are substantially improved.
Study on Inhibitive Effect of Chitooligosaccharides on Intestinal Causative Microorganism
CAO Wei-Qiang, WANG Jing, SHE Yong-Xin, ZHAO Hai-Tian, ZHANG Ying-Chun, YANG Xin, ZHANG Hua
2008, 29(4):  114-116. 
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Chitooligosaccharides were prepared by hydrogen peroxide method, with Q TRAP LC/MS/MS System to determine chitooligosaccharides’ average molecular weight and on the inhibitive effects of chitooligosaccharides on four species intestinal causative microorganism were studied. The inhibitive function is obvious compared with the blank. The results showed that the lowest concentration of chitooligosaccharides inhibiting Esaherichiacoli and Staphylococcusaureus is 0.3%, and the lowest concentration of chitooligosaccharides inhibiting S.paratyphi A and Shigella-sonnei is 0.1%. With the increasing of concentration of chitooligosaccharides, the inhibitive function is enhanced. The results showed that the chitooligosaccharides has good inhibitive effect on intestinal causative microorganism.
Isolation and Identification of Two Major 5-Hydroxytryptamine Derivatives from Safflower Seeds(Carthamus tinctorius L.)
YUE Jin-Huan, TAO Guan-Jun, JIN Qing-Zhe, WANG Xing-Guo
2008, 29(4):  117-120. 
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The isolation and HPLC detection methods of two main 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) derivatives contained in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil cake were set up.The total 5-HT derivatives were extracted from safflower oil cake by alcohol. Two compounds were isolated and purified by macroporus resin and C18 columns and identified by HPLC-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The results showed that purity of N-feruloylserotonin(S1) and 1N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin separately were 96.76% and 90.29% assayed by HPLC-PDA.
Study on Antimicrobial Activity and Heating Stability of Aqueous Extract of Momordica charantia Linn
ZHANG Yan, CHI Jian-Wei, TANG Xiao-Jun, WEI Zhen-Cheng
2008, 29(4):  121-123. 
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The inhibition activities of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia Linn to some food polluted microorganisms were studied. The results revealed that the inhibition effects of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia Linn on bacteria such as Staphy-lococcus aureus, Salmonella sp. , Escherichia coli and Bacillus sabtilis were good. On the other hand, the aqueous extract of Momordica charantia Linn was less efficient on inhibiting mould and yeast such as Aspergillus niger, Aaperiyillus oryzae, Penicillium citrinum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotoru laglutinnis and Candida sp.than inhibiting bacteria. The aqueous extract of Momordica charantia Linn had heating stability when temperature was not over 100 ℃. But with high temperature up to 121℃ with longtime effects of extract on antimicrobial activity decreased.
Study on Stability of Mockstrawberry Fruit Red Pigment
TIAN Cheng
2008, 29(4):  124-127. 
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Objective: The effects of the different environment conditions and the subsidiary-color substance on the stability of the mockstrawberry fruit at the UV spectrum. Methods:With the waterless alcohol at pH 2 as the extracting solvent and through the UV scanning and analyzing in the range of 200~600nm, the pigment is found to have three receiving wavelength338, 490, 540nm. The effcets of the pH; cabohytrates etc on the pigment were also assayed. Results:The red pigment from mockstrawberry fruit is stable when heated, but it cannot resist high temperature; It is greatly affected by the pH. When used in the low acidity condition, it is also affected by oxidants. Antiseptics and carbohydrates have obvious effects also; while the Glu plays stabilizing role on the pigment.
Fit of Correctional Value of Soluble Solid for Temperature
WU Ji-Jun, LI Sheng-Feng, XU Yu-Juan, ZHANG You-Sheng
2008, 29(4):  128-130. 
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The fitting equation of soluble solid for temperature in GB/T 12143.1 was deduced. The correctional value deduced was very close to true value. 280 of 315 correctional values were the same to true vale and the margin of error was 0.01 of the other 35 values. The fitting equition can be used to calculate the values which the correctional table don’t have and used to the instrument for soluble solid detection.
In vitro Antioxidant Properties of Extract of Non-astringent Persimmons
XU Sheng-Long, YANG Jian-Xiong
2008, 29(4):  131-134. 
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Objective:To study the antioxidant properties of extract of non-astringent persimmons(Diospyos kaki)(EP) in vitro. Method: The extract of non-astringent persimmons were preparated by 70 % alcoholic refluence. The content of the active components of EP was mensurated. The antioxidant activity of the EP has been analyzed by using different assays, such as total antioxidant activity, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, superoxide radical scavenging assay, DPPH radical scavenging assay and lipid peroxidation assay. Antioxidant activities of BHT, VC, and D-mannitol were as a positive control. Result: The contents of total saccharides, total phenolic, and total flavonoid in EP were 62.03 %, 0.33 %, 0.725 %, respectively. EP was proved with total antioxidant activity in evidence, effective reducing power, inhibition of lipid peoxidation and free radical, scavenging activity. The IC50 values of inhibition for DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical and lipid peroxidation assay were 0.8, 4.1, 2.1 and 4.2 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: EP has obvious antioxidant activities in vitro.
Analysis of Product Characteristic Index in Soy Textured Protein
YU Yuan, ZHANG Min
2008, 29(4):  135-137. 
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The 12 experiment samples are come from the market.Though the factor analysis to find out the quality properties relationship of different soy texture protein. It is found that 10 factors can be divided into 4 common factors.F1 dominates effect on emulsifing,OAC, tenderness and hardness.F2 dominates effect on a* and b*.F3 dominates effect on WAC, L*and density.F4 reacts dominately on hardness and it indicates that WHC contacts few with other indexes. The index and ratio of evaluating the TSP was suggested as the tenderness(15%), hardness(15%), WHC(25%), colour and lustre(45%). OAC, tenderness and hard- ness are colligate index. In the quick detect it can be used.
Comprehensive Fuzzy Evaluation on Beer Tasting
LIU Chun-Feng, ZHENG Fei-Yun, LI Yong-Xian, LI Qi, DONG Jian-Jun, GU Guo-Xian
2008, 29(4):  138-142. 
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The mouthfeel harmonic characteristics of different beers were described by the subordinate function one of the fuzzy mathematics in this study. The quality rating could be affirmed through the subordinate grade in this thesis. It could be avoided to a great extent the subjectivity and one-sidedness of evaluation results, which would be otherwise brought in by traditional point system. The accuracy and fairness are rather highd, and the results are rational and practical. The beer quality is thus stabilized and improved.
Effects of Technological Factors and Yeast Fermentation on Acrylamide Content in Fried Twisted Dough-roll
YU Sheng-Di, HUANG Wei-Ning, ZOU Qi-Bo, TILLEY Michael
2008, 29(4):  143-148. 
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Effects of the technological factors of frying temperature, frying time and dough pH on the formation of acrylamide in the processing of fried twisted dough-roll, a famous traditional Chinese breakfast were analyzed using response surface methodology. The results obtained showed that the frying temperature and time had a notable impact on the formation of acrylamide. The pH of doughs also had a significant effect on the amount of acrylamide resulting in the products. It was demonstrated that lowering the frying temperature to 175℃, prolonging the frying time to 86 seconds, and adjusting the dough pH to 6.0 with citric acid could reduce the acrylamide content by 71% in the finished products. The addition of different levels of yeast ranging from 0.1% to 1.2% to the traditional formulation was examined. Study found that dough with the addition of 0.8% yeast fermented for one hour could significantly reduce the amount of acrylamide formed in the fried twisted dough-roll by 66.7%. The possible mechanism of yeast fermentation on the reduction of acrylamide content is also discussed.
Physico-chemical Changes during Heat-induced Gelation of Rabbit Skeletal Myosin
ZENG Xian-Ming, XU Xing-Lian, BAI Yun, ZHOU Guang-Hong
2008, 29(4):  149-153. 
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The mechanism of heat-induced gelation of myosin was investigated by studying physico-chemical changes of rabbit myosin during at pH 6.5, high ionic strength of 0.6mol/L KCl. A slight decrease in α-helical content was observed at 25 ℃, then a rapid decrease from 43 to 65 ℃, followed by a plateau after 65 ℃. Turbidity increased at 40 ℃ which indicated the beginning of the aggregation, remaining constantly after 65 ℃. Reactive sulfhydryl content increased from 40 ℃, reaching a maximum at 65 ℃. Total sulphydryl content decreased from 30 ℃. Surface hydrophobicity increased non-linearly between 30~85 ℃. G’ increased slowly between 48 and 71 ℃, sharply from 71 to 82 ℃. It was concluded that denaturation of myosin was initialized by unfolding of the α-helical and followed by the exposure of sulphydryl and hydrophobic residues. Disulfide linkages, hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds could enhance the elasticity of the gelation of myosin together.
Optimal of Pretreatment Conditions in Separated and Purified of Insulin-like Growth Factor-Ⅰ in Bovine Colostrums
2008, 29(4):  154-157. 
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In this study, the insulin-like growth factor -Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) in bovine colostrums was separated and purified. Especially, the study focused on the optimization of pretreatment conditions in the separation to access high level of IGF-Ⅰ. The content of IGF-Ⅰ in each process was detected by radio-immunoassay (RIA). Provide the basis for follow-up work to further purified with scale ultra-filtration and high-level production of IGF-I in the future.
Study on Dietary Fiber Manufacture Technics from Pleurotus djamor Fruitbodies
HE Xin-Sheng, ZHU Wen-Kun, YE Qin
2008, 29(4):  158-162. 
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The preparation technics of dietary fiber based on Pleurotus djamor (Rumph. : Fr.) Boedijn fruitbodies with enzymic hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis or alkali dissolution were comparatively studied. The advantages and disadvantages of preparation methods were compared, and then the optimum process parameters were drawn. The products made by enzymic hydrolysis shown to have light color, easy bleach, and no strange small. With comprehensive economy and technics. In enzymic hydrolysis, the optimum conditions are: hydrolysis temperature 60 ℃, liquid to solid ratio 12:1 (ml/g), hydrolysis time 2 h, 3 percent papaya of neutal protease, with 60 percent of crude fiber obtained. On the coutrary the products made by acid hydrolysis are of dark color, uneasy bleach, and strange small, so acid hydrolysis is not fit for the manufacture of dietary fiber accordingly. The products made by alkali dissolution are also of dark color, uneasy bleach, though no strange smell.The optimum parameters of alkali dissolution are: 1% sodium hydroxide, liquid to solid ratio10:1 (ml/g), hydrolysis temperature 70 ℃ and hydrolysis time 2 h.
Study on Solid Fermentation in Producing of Soybean Isoflavone Glycoside
JIANG Da-Hai, TIAN Juan-Juan, BAI Zhi-Ming
2008, 29(4):  163-166. 
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The study worked a new method that experiment adopted Aspergillus niger as experimnetal stecies, which secrete β-glucosidase, to produce the soybean isoflavone glycoside by solid fermentation. Study, through a single-element and cross- experiment, selected and decided the optimum medium ratio to produce β-glucosidase and technological conditions for hydro- lyzing soybean isoflavone flour, which provide a reliable references to realize the industrialization of soybean isoflavone glycoside.
Improving Functional Properties of Rice Residue Protein by Sodium Erythorbate
DONG Huan-Huan, CAO Shu-Wen, YU Yan-Ying
2008, 29(4):  167-171. 
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The process and advantages of enzymes modification and sodium erythorbate deoxidization on improving functional properties of rice residue protein were studied respectively. The influence of consumption of sodium erythorbate, pH, temperature, time, liquid to solid ratio on improving functional properties of rice residue protein was evaluated by gradient experiment, and the optimum process parameters was determined by response surface methodology. The results showed that sodium erythor- bate deoxidization improved the emulsifying activity obviously better than enzymes modification and other functional proper- ties consistent with enzymes modification. Therefore, sodium erythorbate deoxidization is a preferable method to improving the emulsifying activity of rice residue protein, and has broad application prospects.
Manufaturing of Solid Beverage of Compound Dietary Fiber
HU Zhi-He, CHEN Jian-Ping, PANG Guang-Chang, CHEN Qing-Sen
2008, 29(4):  172-176. 
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Water-solubility dietary fiber(SDF) and kelp amylose was prepared by hydrolysised byproduct of manufacturing bean curd and kelp, and a kind of solid beverage of compound dietary fiber was manufactured. Soybean IDF(infusibility dietary fiber)and SDF were preared by the methods of alkali solution extracting and enzyme hydrolysis. Kelp amylose was prepared by hydrolysised with compound enzyme. The results showed that the extracted conditions of soybean IDF are the concentration of NaOH 5 %, soaking time 60 min and soaking temperature 80 ℃. The IDF are hydrolysised by cellulosic enzyme, and the conditions are the ratio of enzyme to substrate 1 %, and ratio of IDF to water 1:12 (W/V), pH value 4.5, hydrolysis time 12 hours, the temperature 40 ℃. Under the above conditions, the yield of SDF is 36.01%. The hydrolysis conditions for kelp amylose with compound enzyme are the ratio of compound enzyme to kelp powder 1%, the optimum proportion of the compound enzyme (cellulose, pectinase, protease) 2:1:2, and kelp is hydrolsised at pH 6.0 and 50 ℃ for 6h. The yield of kelp amylose is 10.71 %.
Study on Total Saponins Extracting Technology in Cinnamon by Ultrasonic-assisted Solvent Method
LI Jian, CHEN Shu-Juan, ZHANG Ruo-Nan, HUANG Yan
2008, 29(4):  177-180. 
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The ultrasonic-assisted solvent method was applied to extract of total saponins from cinnamon. Regarding the content of total saponins in cinnamon as the index of investigation, the factors such as the ultrasonic temperature, ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time as affecting the content of total saponins were studied. The L9(34) orthogonal array was adopted to the experiment. According to the results of orthogonal experimental design, the optimum extracting conditions of total saponins in cinnamon are as follows: ultrasonic temperature 60 ℃, ultrasonic power70 %, ultrasonic time 40 min with of the total cinnamon saponins content 4.393%, but according to the common solvent method the content of total saponins was 3.407% only. Hence the extracting effect of ultrasonic assisted solvent method is more effective and the extracting time is also shortened.
Study on Optimizing Decalcification Conditions of Fish Scale by RSM
WU Bo, CHEN Yun-Zhong, 律Jia-Xue , YANG Zhong-Li, XU Ying
2008, 29(4):  181-184. 
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In order to increase the decalcification rate extracted from grass carp scales, the technology parameters were optimized. Through dualquadratic rotary regression orthogonal design test with three factors, the effects of ratio of liquid to material, hydrochloric acid concentration and test time on the decalcification rate were assayed, so a mathematical model describing the relationship between the decalcification rate and parameters was developed. The optimal extracting conditions are as follows: ratio of liquid to material 57.67, hydrochloric acid concentration 3.81 % and extracted time 32.33 h with the decalcification rate 87.62%.
Study on Extraction Technology of Isoflavones from Soybean Residue
CAI Li, YU Jian-Ping, ZHAN Jian-Bo
2008, 29(4):  185-188. 
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The experiment is designed to study the extraction technology of isoflavones from soybean residue. According to the solo factors and the orthogonal test. It showed that the optimum technological conditions was the best temperature 80℃, the solid-liquid ratio 1:20, the total time 2 h, the best proportion of ethanol 60%. The extraction yield could be up to 0.59%. Besides, according to the results of the static adsorption and desorption of macroporous resin, results showed that the best macroporous resin is D4006 or H103. After purified by D4006, the purification of isoflavones could be up to 30.58%.
Purification and Isolation of Soybean Genistin and Daidzin
SUN Yan-Mei, ZHANG Yong-Zhong, XU Bao-Rong, YANG Lin, LI Mu-Zi, CHI Yu-Jie
2008, 29(4):  189-192. 
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In order to study the properties of respetive monomer of genistin and daidzin as main compounds of isoflavone extracts from soybean, their respective isolation was studied in the paper. First, in order to acquire high Purity of products, study purified isoflavone extracts by acetone extraction with anhydrous alcohol recrystallization. Then, genistin and daidzin were respectively separated by Sephadex LH-20 column.
Study on Extraction Technology of Flavonoids from Fruit of Catalpa Ovata G.Don.
GONG Yu-Ting, WANG Yu, A Bu-Du-La-·A-Ba-Si
2008, 29(4):  193-195. 
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The extraction technology of flavonoids from Catalpa Ovata G. Don. was studied. Main factors influencing the extraction of flavonoids from the fruit of Catalpa Ovata G. Don. were studied by single factor tests, and the optimum technology extracting flavonoids from the fruit of Catalpa Ovata G. Don. was studied by orthogonal test. Optimized conditions for the extraction of flavonoids was obtained as: ethanol concentration 60%, extraction temperature 70℃, material to solvent 1:20, extraction time 2.0 h, and extract yield is 4.83%.
Study on Lycopene Biosynthesis Improvement in Tomato Homogenate
DU Wei-Min, RONG Kai, ZHENG Cai-Xia
2008, 29(4):  196-199. 
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The impact of glucose,sodium glutamate and ethephon on the lycopene’s biosynthesis in tomato homogenate was studied. The optimun conditions, are: ethephon,glucose, sodium glutamate and BHT are added to the tomato homogenate until the final concentration to reaching respetively to 1.2%, 1.0%, 3.0% and 0.01% under treated at 25 ℃ for 30 min. The content of lycopene increased 86 %.
Fermentation Optimization of Pueraria lobata Health Wine by Response Surface Methodology
ZHANG Li-Jie, ZHAO Tian-Tao, QUAN Xue-Jun, LU Tian-Jian
2008, 29(4):  200-202. 
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The Pueraria lobata was used as the raw material, and glucoamylase used for saccharification after the liquefication, and active dry yeast used as ferment. Using response surface methodology (RSM), by which the interaction between the three factors: glucoamylase,α-aylase and active dry yeast,and their optimum levels were studied. The results showed that the highest alcohol concentration is 6.42 % and the highest flavone concentration is 28.69 mg/ml when the fermentation is carried out with glucoamylase concentration of 164.8U/g raw material, α-Amylase concentration of 90.08U/g raw material and active dry yeast concentration of 1.041 g.
Application of Micronized Starch Fat Replacer to Compressed Biscuits
WU Jun, JIANG Jing-Wei, LI Peng
2008, 29(4):  203-205. 
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Different particle sized micronized starch samples were prepared from corn starch. By the use of compound emulsifying agents, the starch/palm oil mixed systems were prepared, and the particle size effects of starch on the properties of mixed system were studied. The results showed that along with the decrease of starch particle size, the stability and compatibil- ity of mixed system increase. The proper sized particle starch was chosen to make the right fat replacer, to be used to prepare good taste and well shaped low-fat compressed biscuits.
Study on Ultrasonic Wave Extraction and Antioxidant Activities of Flavonoids in Mori Barks
WANG Jing, REN Fa-Zheng
2008, 29(4):  206-209. 
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This investigation adopted ultrasound extract to extract flavonoids in Mori barks. According to the orthogonal test, the optimum extraction conditions are: 60 mesh granularity, 80% ethanol, 325 W ultrasound power, solid/liquid ratio 1:10 and 30 min processing time with flavonoid yield 7.841‰. The antioxidant activities of flavonoid extracts were evaluated by two antioxidant assays, for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging and reducing power. In comparison with the heat reflux extraction, the results showed that the flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of extracts obtained by two different extractions are comparable.
Total Flavonids Extraction and Content Comparison of Various Organs of Clematis glauca Willd. in Xinjiang
GU Li-Ba-Ha-尔·A-Ba-Bai-Ke-Li, A Bu-Du-La-·A-Ba-Si
2008, 29(4):  210-213. 
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Flavonoid exits in Clemat glauca Willd. In this study the total flavonoids contents were assayed by spectropho- tometry method with rutin as standard. The optimum extraction technologies of the total flavonoids from different parts of clematis glauca Willd. were obtained by orthogonal test. The results were as follows respectively: The best extraction conditions for stem are concentration of ethano1 70%, temperature 60℃, extraction time 2.5 h and rate of solid to solution 1:60, and the absorbance is 0.303; The best extraction conditions for leaf are concentration of ethanol 60%, temperature 60 ℃, extraction time 3.5h and rate of solid to soltion 1:30, and the absorbance is 0.751; The best extraction conditions for flower are concentration of ethanol 60%, rate of solid to solution 1:30, extraction time 2.5 h and temperature 60℃, and the absorbance is 0.950; The hest extraction conditions for furit are temperature 80 ℃, concentration of ethanol 60 %, rate of solid to solution 1:5 and extraction time 3 h, and the absorbance is 0.390.
Extraction and Comparison of Isoflavone Aglycones in Seme Sojae Preparatum, Soybean and Black soybean
ZHANG Jing, TIAN Ping-Fang, GE Xi-Zhen, HU Jing-Yuan, LI Shen, WANG Xin
2008, 29(4):  214-217. 
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To explore the extraction and content of isoflavone aglycones in Seme Sojae Preparatum, soybean and black soybean, ultrosonic wave was used in the experiments. Besides, soybean isoflavone glucosides were transformed to aglycones by β- glucosidase. Soybean isoflavones in different materials were identified by the method of polyam ide TLC, while quantified by HPLC. The experiments results indicated that genistin, daidzein and genistein could be separated perfectly within twenty minutes under the mobile phase of methanol:aceticacid:water (12:1:10). The content of isoflavone aglycones was the most in Seme sojae Preparatum, and black soybean had the lest content. The precision RSD were 1.45 % and 1.6 % respectively, and the average recovery was 100.93 %, which proved that the method of experiments was both veracious and credible.
Study on Extraction and Deprotein of Polysacharide in Ginger
QIN Wei-Dong, MA Li-Hua, CHEN Xue-Hong, ZHAO Yue
2008, 29(4):  218-220. 
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Fresh ginger was used as materials in this study. The optimal extractional conditions of the polysaccharide were researched by orthogonal test using temperature, time and ratios of ginger to water as testing parameters. The methods of deprotein of ginger polysaccharide extract were compared among trichloroacetic acid method, digallic acid method and Sevag method. The results showed that: the optimal conditions of ginger polysaccharide extraction are 60 ℃ of temperature, 1:10 of ratios of ginger to water and 3 h of extracting times, the extracting ratio is 20.43%±0.23% under these conditions. The digallic acid method is more suited to remove protein from gigner polysaccharide extracts, the purity of obtained the polysaccharide after deprotein is 73.11%±0.05%.
Expression of Recombinant Lactoferricin B in E.coli
XING Fang-Fang, YIN Yu-Long, HUANG Rui-Lin, KONG Xiang-Feng, LI Tie-Jun, TANG Zhi-Ru, ZHANG You-Ming
2008, 29(4):  221-224. 
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After cloning into the expression vector pET28a, the lactoferricin B gene was transformed into BL-21 E.coli prokaryotic expression system. By selecting expression temperature and IPTG concentration, lactoferricin B gene was expressed at high level in prokaryotic cells. The expression of lactoferricin B was detected by tricine-SDS-PAGE protein electrophoresis and functional test, and it was proved to be the lactoferricin B. The result also showed that the gene of lactoferricin B can be highly expressed in prokaryotic expression system, and the expression product accounts for about 21% of total bacterial proteins with biology activity.
Study on Detection Conditions of Lactic Acid Bacteria by PCR-DGGE
MA Jun-Xiao, KONG Jian
2008, 29(4):  225-229. 
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Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis was recently applied in the detection of food microbial diversities as well as of environmental microbial communities widely. To analyze the component and structure of lactic acid bacteria in food samples and dairy fermented products, DGGE conditions such as gradient of denaturant and run time for electrophoresis were firstly optimized. The results showed that 30%~55% was a suitable denaturant range of gradient for partially melting DNA fragments, and about 200 min was a proper time for the variable V3 region separation of 16S rRNA genes of lactic acid bacteria. Five chromosomes DNA mixture of lactic acid bacteria was used as template DNA for traditional PCR and touch down PCR to amplify the V3 region, respectively. The PCR production was subjected to DGGE analysis as described above. The different efficiencies of amplification during PCR by universal bacteria primer set were also observed. This suggested that the limit in the detection potential of PCR-DGGE is a consequence of DNA template competition during the amplification reaction.
Study on Relationship between Polyphenols and Quality of Yunnan Pu-erh Tea
ZHANG Xin-Fu, GONG Jia-Shun, ZHOU Hong-Jie, 吕Cai-You , HU Xiao-Jing, ZHOU Yang
2008, 29(4):  230-233. 
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The content of the polyphenols in Yunnan Pu-erh tea was determined and its sensory score was also appraised for evaluating the relationship between polyphenols content and its quality. The experimental results were analyzed by multianalysis and the related equation of polyphenols content and quality of Pu-erh tea was established. The results showed that the content of tea polyphenols (TP), total catechins (TC), flavonoid (FL), theaflavins (TF) and thearubigins (TR) were reduced during the processing of pu-erh tea, but the content of theabromine (TB) was increased from 2.53% to 10.57%. The correlation equation for the content of TP, TC, FL, TF, TR and TB and the quality of Pu-erh tea is as follows: Y=93.8930-0.4047X1-0.0654X2 -5.4336X3-71.4532X4+1.2114X5+1.2761X6, R2=0.985. The grade for Pu-erh tea was closely related with the content of TP, TC, FL, TF, TR and TB. The correlation equation is as follows: Y=73.6346+3.4281X1-54.9145X2-4.5225X3+164.0906X4+ 7.2507X5+1.9839X6, R2=0.991. In certain range, the content of TP and TB is positive for the quality of pu-erh tea, the correlation coefficient is 0.8957 and 0.8570, respectively.
Study on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Rape Bee-pollen Protein
ZHU Xiao-Li, SUN Li-Ping, DONG Jie
2008, 29(4):  234-238. 
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The enzymatic hydrolysis of rape bee-pollen protein by three protease was studied. With hydrolysis degree as the standard, the best conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were confirmed by single factor test. The best conditions of alcalase for hydrolysis are pH 9, 50 ℃, the adding amount of 3000U/g, reacting for 3 hours.
Expression Conditions Optimization of Recombiant N-acetylornithine Decatylase
LI Huan, ZHU Da-Wei, CHEN Yue, REN Zhen, WEI Ping
2008, 29(4):  239-243. 
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N-acetylornithine decatylase(NAOase), a new kind of amino acids resolving enzyme, could be cellular expressed by the recombinant strain BL21(DE3)-pET22b-argE. In order to reduce producing cost and increase soluble NAOase activity, the culture medium and inducing conditions were optimized. The results showed that the imported peptone and yeast extracts were more suitable than the native materials. Lactose of 5.0g/L could act as inducer in place of expensive IPTG The optimized carbon and nitrogen sources are: 1.0 g/L glycerol, 15.0 ml/L corn steep liquor and 5.0 g/L peptone. Most of NAOase were expressed as inclusion bodies, little as active enzymes. The proportion of the soluble expression could be increased by lowering the inducing temperature, but the yield of target protein followed was decreased. With the optimized active inducing condition of 22 ℃for 10 h, the biomass is enhanced by 1.65-fold to 6.91and the enzyme activity is increased by 5.72-fold to 392.65 U/ml in comparison with initial medium.
Simultaneous Counting Method for Total Probiotics Species in Active Yoghurt
XIN Ruo-Zhu, DING Mei, MENG Xian-Zhi, SUN Jian
2008, 29(4):  244-248. 
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Nutrtion and health protection of active yoghurt are assayed by the total active probiotics species involved. In this study, a new method was suggested for simultaneous and accurate counting of the total Probiotics species by anaylzing the colony characteristics and mycelial morphology of all Lactobacillus species of active yoghury in the BBL flat culture medium, namely: Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus casei. The growth activity of different probiotics species can be directly observed and quickly judged for good or poor quality and high or low activity in the active yoghurt, so as to simplify the prolix procedure of the traditional method in using different specific culture medium to count different probiotics species.
Study on Stablization and Inhibitory Mechanism of Antihypertensive Peptide Derived from Bovine Casein
JIANG Zhan-Mei, WU Gang, LIU Li-Bo, TIAN Bo, HUO Gui-Cheng
2008, 29(4):  249-252. 
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In vitro simulation experiment and peptide analysis showed that angiotensin converfing enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity still contains 94% of initiall activity after antihypertensive peptide digestion with pepsin and trypsin.This also showed that these peptides survive the degradation by gastronintestinal proteinases and peptdases.After antihypertensive peptide reaction with angiotensin converting enzyme, there are very little changes in the ACE inhibitory activity and peptide chromatography. This proved that the antipertensive peptide is the true inhibitor. Antihypertensive inhibitory mechanism was studied by the enzyme inhibition dynamics.This also showed that the antipertensive peptide is of non-competition inhibition according to Lineweaver-Burk equation.
Screening of Lactobacillus acidophilus L2 from Infant’s Intestines and Preliminary Analysis on Its Metabolite
ZHANG Da-Wei, ZHANG Jie, DING Cheng-Hua
2008, 29(4):  253-258. 
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The diluent of sample, from 4-month healthy infant’s fresh feces, were inoculated to MRS culture and incubated in anaerobic condition at 37 ℃ for 2 d . Three kinds of Lactobacillus acidophilus to produce obvious ring of dissolving calcium were screened after two days. And these Lactobacillus acidophilus were studied for physiological and biochemical properties, for example the antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria of metabolite and the ability of tolerance to acid and bile salts respectively. It indicated that L2 strain was optimal on all properties. The metabolite of L2 strain had a capability to resist common pathogenic bacteria. L2 strain showed resistance to defend against the environment of 0.5% bile salts and at pH 3.0 for a long time. L2 strain was preliminary identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus according to Berges bacteriology (the eighth edition). The metabolite was made of three components as being analysed by capillary electrophoresis. The molecular mass range of compo- nent 1 is 2.512~3.5 kD, and of component 2 and 3 are respectively 16.949~66.2 kD. The metabolite is senitive to part of the enzymes. By comprehensive analysis, the metabolite produced by bacteriocin L2 strain can be used as p food preservative or food additives in the future.
Study on Properties of Chymosin Purified from Glutinous Rice Wine
XUE Lu, CHEN Li-Jun, JIANG Tie-Min, ZHOU Wei-Ming
2008, 29(4):  259-262. 
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The chymosin purified from glutinous rice wine is the reason why glutinous rice wine could coagulate Chinese royal cheese, one of traditional Chinese dairy produce. The coagulating characteristics of purified chymosin in glutinous rice wine were investigated systematically. The optimum coagulating temperature of purified chymosin was 45 ℃. The optimum coagulating pH was 5.5. Both the clotting activity and the proteolysis activity were stable between 45~55 ℃, pH 3.0~7.0. Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ increased the clotting activity while Ca2+ showed the greatest effect. Cu2+ inhibited the clotting activity. The purified chymosin specifically hydrolyzed casein while having no effect on α-lactoalbumin and β-lactoglobulin. The main enzymatic cleavage site is N-terminal of M95. There are other enzymatic cleavage sites as well.
Study on Flavour Compounds Analysis in Milk by Coculturing with Streptococcus salivarius subsp.thermophilus
WANG Wei-Jun, LI Yan-Hua, ZHANG Lan-Wei, YU Jun-Lin
2008, 29(4):  263-266. 
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In this study,5 milk samples fermented respectively with 5 strains of Streptococcus salivarius subsp.thermophilus 9,17YA,1703CA, 1703D and 03 were assayed with SDE-GC-MS to assess the difference of the flavour compounds among them.This study identified 24,20,13,20,21 flavour compounds respectively,including 35 compounds in 6 categories: acids,esters, alcohol,carbonyls,aromatic compounds and heterocyclic compounds.The capability to produce 2,3-butanedione,the main flavor impact compound, was found in 5 strains: S.t-1703D> S.t-1703CA> S.t-17YA> S.t-03> S.t-9, but not much difference except theS .t-9.
Structural Study on Exopolysaccharide Produced by Bifidobacterium 22-5
LI Wei-Xin, CHEN Qian, LI Ping-Lan, WU Guang-Feng, CHENG Jing
2008, 29(4):  267-271. 
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Bifidobacterium 22-5 from centenarians’ faeces produces an exopolysaccharide containing Xyl, Gal, Glu, Ara, Rha and Fuc. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that it contained pyranose, possessing the carboxyl group and a certain amount of carbonoxlate, and even the cycle ether. In addition, based on GC-MS, methylation analysis, NaIO4 oxidation and Smith degradation, the primary structure was elucidated. EPS was identified as a polymer containing 4-linked D- galactose. D- glucose partially took the form of the 2,3,4,6 connection, and 1-4 or 1-4,6 and 1-2 or 1-2,6 linkages, having neither 1-6 nor 1-linkages. Besides, D- glucoses and D-galactose may be as highly branched parts of the chain. It was also showed that the EPS may have the configure of helix in the Congo red test.
Characteristics of Exoinulinase and Endoinulinase from Aspergillus ficuum
WANG Jing, JIN Zheng-Yu, SUN Bao-Guo, CAO Yan-Ping
2008, 29(4):  272-277. 
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Characteristics of two types of inulin-degrading enzymes from Aspergillus ficuum were studied. The optimum reaction temperature of endo- and exo-inulinase were around 45 ℃. The optimum reaction pH of endo-inulinase was 5.0, and that of exo-inulinase was 4.5. Both of them were stable within the pH range 4.0~8.0 and below the temperature 50 ℃. The metal ions had the different level influences on the purified enzymes. Endo-and exo-inulinase activities were completely inhibited by Ag+, and obviously by Fe2+ and Al3+, while Mg2+ had an activating effect. In addition the kinetic constants of the two enzymes were also studied.
Optimization of Pretreatment and Chromatographic Methods in Acrylamide Determination
ZHANG Hui-Zhen, MA Ai-Guo, SUN Yong-Ye, LUO Yong-Bing
2008, 29(4):  278-282. 
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A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method and a gas chromatographic method were optimized for the determination of acrylamide in food. HPLC method was used as follows: separation is carried out on a column of C18 (250 ×4.6 mm i.d 5μm) with methanol-0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate (5:95, V/V) as mobile phase, elution flow rate 0.6 ml/min and detection wavelength 205 nm. GC-μECD method was used as follows: KBrO3 and KBr are applied to derivate acrylamide into α,β-dibromopropionamide(2,3-DBPA)- 2-bromopenamide(2-BPA),while derivatives of acrylamide are separated by FFAP capillary column and determined by GC- μECD.The experimental results show a good linear relationship between the peak area and the concentration (r>0.99), where as the recoveries for acrylamide are resrectively 86.3 %~96.9 % for HPLC and 84.6 %~ 98.5 % for GC, and the relative standard deviation is respectively 2.13 % for HPLC and 4.36% for GC. The LOQ is respectively 0.05mg/kg for HPLC and 0.02 mg/kg for GC. The results show that the two methods have no notable diversity and both are simple, rapid, accurate and well suited for analysis of acrylamide in fried foods and baked foods as well.
Simultaneous Analysis of Eight Phenolic Compounds in Wines by SPE-HPLC-PAD
LI Yong-Ku, LI Xiao-Jing, 欧Xiao-Hui
2008, 29(4):  283-286. 
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A method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of the contents of galic acid, Catechin, (-)- epicatechin, Caffeic acid, pyrocatechol, Chlorogenic acid, flavone and Felinic acid in wines by high performance liquid chroma- tography- photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD)with solid phase extraction (SPE). The techniques of SPE including the activation of the SPE column, elimination of interference and elution conditions of samples were confirmed. The analytes were separated by using a Hypersil Cl8 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, i.d. 5μm) and acetonitrile-0.3%HAc as mobile phase with linear gradient elution. The eight compounds were identified by retention time data and spectral characteristics and quantified by peak area. There were good linear correlations between the concentrations and peak areas of the eight components with the correlation coefficients of 0.9982~0.9999. The average recoveries were 83.9 %~103.7 % with relative standard deviations of 1.6 %~4.6 % (n=5). The detection limits were 0.2~1.5 mg/L. The method of SPE-HPLC-PAD eliminated a great deal of interferences in wines effectively by optimizing extraction conditions.The eight biological activity were well separated and the analytical results were improved well and truly. The results for determining 7 market wines showed that as an important bioactive substance. the phenolic compounds content has close relationships with brewing methods, varieties of grape and producing areas.The results also showed that it is a convenient, rapid, sensitive and accurate method. It can be used to analyze these biological activity in other complex matrices.
Study on Simultaneous Determination of 10 Mono- phenols in Wines by HPLC
CHENG Yu-Feng, ZHANG Zhen-Wen, YUE Tai-Xin, ZHANG Yu-Lin
2008, 29(4):  287-290. 
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A new method for simultaneous determination of 10 mono- phenols in wines with HPLC was studied. Chromatographic separation was performed by Hibar RT Lichrospher RP- C18 precolumn. A gradient elution consisting of solvent A (water: acetic acid, 98:2, V/V) and solvent B (acetonitrile) was applied with flow rate at 1.0 ml/min and detection wavelength at 280 nm。Under the chromatographic conditions, the calibrations, curves are linear with r >0.999 and recoveries of several mono- phenols >80 %. The results showed that 10 mono- phenols are found in three wines and the contents of several mono- phenols in red wines are higher than those in white wines.
Study on Apigenin Quantitation Analysis from Celery Extractions by High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and High-performance Lamina Chromatography (HPTLC)
WANG Ke-Qin, LUO Jun-Wu, CHEN Jing-Ping, CHEN Liang
2008, 29(4):  291-295. 
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By high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV spectrum and high-performance lamina chromatography (HPTLC) and color characteristic reaction to quantify the flavonoids, the basic components of thick celery extractions were identified as apigenin based on the quantitative analysis method with high-performance lamina chromatography (HPTLC). The results indicated that the main component of thick celery flavonoids is apigenin which has the same spectrum and chromatogram characteristics with the same Rf value(0.65) as the standard sample by the high-performance silica gel board G60 and the outspread solvent (chloroform:methanol:water, 18:2.3:0.35). The standard curve regress equation is: y=15138x +7594.8, R2=0.993 with linearity scope: 0.332 ~0.996μg per spot. The precision RSD(n=5) is 1.33 %, and the average callback rate is 97.82%.
Determination of Iso-α-acids in Isomerized Hop Pellets by RP-HPLC
ZHOU Tian, LI Qi, GU Guo-Xian
2008, 29(4):  296-298. 
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Iso-α-acids content of isomerized hop pellets was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chroma- tography (RP-HPLC). The optimized conditions are: 270 nm by ultraviolet detection with methanol: H2O: H3PO4 (85%): EDTA- Na2 (0.2 mol/L) (770: 210: 5: 1, respectively) as mobile phase with flow rate 1.0 ml/min. The average recovery of iso-α-acids is 91.4 %~97.1%, and the accuracy of the method as RSD (relative standard deviation) is about 1.09 %. The column is EC 250/ 4 Nuclesoil, 100-5 C18 (4.0×250 nm, 5μm) with Guard Cartridge CC 8/4 Nuclesoil 100-5 C18. It is a convenient and accurate method for analyzing iso-α-acids content in isomerized hop pellets.
Study on Elimimating False Positive Results of Pesticide Residues in Leek with Enzyme Screening Method
GE Jing, WANG Su-Li, QIAN Chuan-Fan, JIANG Shu-Ren, ZHAO Ying-Rong, ZHANG Jing-Suo, LIU Feng-Mao
2008, 29(4):  299-301. 
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Enzyme screening method was simple and rapid to determine the pesticide residues based on the butyryl cholinesterase activity inhibition by both organic phosphorous and carbamate pesticide residue in the sample. Nevertheless false positive results in leek samples were reported because of the assay interferences with leek. In this study the heat treatment was applied to eliminate the false positive results of pesticide residue in leek, so the sample preparation procedure was improved and the results showed that the test sample heating treatment can temperature and time decrease the false positive result.
Determination of Carotenoids in Tuber Flesh by HPLC in Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)
ZHANG Chun-Qiu, LIU Jie, XIE Kai-Yun, DUAN Shao-Guang, BIAN Chun-Song, PANG Wan-Fu, JIN Li-Ping
2008, 29(4):  302-305. 
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A high performance liquid chromatographic method was used to determine carotenoids in potato tuber flesh. Carotenoids were extracted from tuber flesh with acetone and petroleum ether(1:1, contain 0.1 % BHT). Using ZOBAX C18 column (4.6×250 mm, 5μm), acetonitrile:methanol:methylene chloride (75:20:5, contain 0.1 % BHT) as mobile phase, carotenoids were eluted and monitored at 450 nm.The method showed good linearity (the correlation coefficient were 0.9997 and 0.9987) and repeatability.The recoveries of lutein and zeaxanthin were 92.87 % and 95.68 %, and oxidation of carotenoids was effectively prevented.It proved to be a very useful method for testing large quantities of samples.
Simultaneous Determination of Nine Kinds of Fish Sauce Organic Acids by Ion Chromatography with Suppressed Conductivity Detection
XU Wei, YU Gang, XUE Chang-Hu, REN Yan, GAO Rui-Chang
2008, 29(4):  306-309. 
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A method for the determination of nine kinds of fish sauce organic acids was developed by ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection. The separation of the organic acids was achieved on hydrophilic anion exchange column with potassium hydroxide as gradient eluent with gradient pump. The detection was performed by a conductivity detection mode. The calibration graphs of peak area for all analytes were linear in the ranges about two orders of magnitude. The recoveries of addition standard are within 93.65 %~104.32 %. The results indicated that this method is highly accurate and efficient with good reproducibility and high recovery.
Simultaneous Analysis of La, Ce, Pr, Sm and Nd in Tea with ICP-OES
SHI Yuan-Zhi, FENG Qi-Hua, MA Li-Feng, HAN Wen-Yan, RUAN Jian-Yun, WANG Fang
2008, 29(4):  310-313. 
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A method is established for five rare earth elements which named La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Nd analysis in tea samples using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. By the cineration and microwave digestion techniques for pretreatment of samples, tea samples can be analyzed with good accuracy and precision by ICP-OES. The recoveries for green teas and Oolong teas are both within 87% to 103%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) are no more than 10%.
Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Apple Juice Concentrate by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
SUN Hai-Feng, 吕Hai-Tao , ZHOU Sha-Sha, DAI Qing-Hai, ZHOU Ya-Ping, DAI Hong-Yi
2008, 29(4):  314-317. 
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The contents of phenolic compounds in apple juice concentrate of Lujia 1 and Lujia 5 were studied by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on an Eclipse XDB-C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm id, 5μm). Liner gradient elution compose of methanol and 1% acetate acid solution at 30 ℃ with flow rate 1.0 ml/min and 280 nm wavelength detection by diode array detector. The compositions were separated completely under these chromatogram conditions. The determination results showed that there are six phenolic compounds in apple juice concentrate of Lujia 1, namely catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, coumaric acid, and ferulic acid. However, the apple juice concentrate of Lujia 5, contains less chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, coumaric acid and, ferulic acid.
Rapid Analysis of 13 Organophosphorus Residues of Pesticides in Spinach by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PAN Jian, XIA Xiao-Xiao, YANG Yi, LIANG Juan
2008, 29(4):  318-320. 
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A multiresidue method is described for the determination of 13 pesticides commonly used in leafy-vegetables which customarily used in eastern of China. 5 g of samples are extracted with ethyl acetate, then analyzed by LC-ESI(+)-MS-MS, without further clean-up steps. The obtained correlation coefficient was ranged from 0.9986 to 0.9998. The average recoveries for the pesticides ranged from 82.1 % to 96.3 %, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 8.9% for all compounds. The calculated LOQs (μg/kg) were 9.0μg/kg, lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) listed in the positive list. The proposed method is easy,fast and sensitive.
Determination of Melamine in Vegetable Materials by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
GONG Xiao-Ming, DONG Jing, SUN Jun, WANG Hong-Tao, ZHAO Shu-Ying, ZHU Li-Ping
2008, 29(4):  321-323. 
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An analytical method for determination for melamine in vegetable materials by high performance liquid chromatog- raphy was developed. Samples were extracted by blending with water. The extract was purified by adding potassium hexaoyan oferrate (Ⅱ) trihydrate and zinic acetate dihydrate to precipitate protein. The HPLC conditions: PR18(4.6×250 mm, 5μm), water-ammonia-perchloric acid as mobile phase, and UV detection at 240 nm. The limit of detection was 0.5 mg/kg. The average recoveries were 70.2 %~80.2 % at the concentration of 1.0~4.0 mg/kg. Relative standard deviation was less than 10%.
Rapid Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Food by PCR
ZHANG Hui, WANG Xing-Long
2008, 29(4):  324-327. 
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A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the hly gene was developed to detect Listeria monocytogenes. The PCR product was detected in 35 L monocytogenes strains and not in other Listeria spp, including innocua, ivanovii and welshimer and also not in non-Listeria species, indicating that this method was highly specific for L. monocytogenes. The detection limit of the PCR assay was 7.3 CFU/μl of pure cell culture. The PCR assay could detect 4 CFU of L. monocytogenes in the contaminated pork and vegetable (1g) and milk (1ml). From 285 samples, 17 samples were proved positive for L. monocytogenes by the PCR method, and the results were quite consisted with those detected by conventional biochemical testing. The PCR assay is highly sensitive, specific, rapid and accurate and can be used for rapid detection of L. monocytogenes in food.
Determination of Glutamine and Glutamate in Microbial Fermented Liquid Biotransformation Fluids by Capillary Electrophoresis
WU Jian, DENG Liu-Jie, GUO Li-Fen, ZHOU Xin-Qin, LIAO Luo, DUAN Guang-Cai, LI Ji-Lun
2008, 29(4):  328-331. 
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A sensitive and rapid capillary electrophoresis method was set up for the determination of glutamine and glutamate in microbial fermented liquid after derivatized by Fmoc-Cl. The optimum derivatizing conditions were obtained and a suitable electrolyte consisting of 0.1 mol/L boracic-borax buffer (pH8.0) was selected with UV detection at 214 nm. The applied voltage was set at 15 kV. The two amino acids and the internal standard mandelic acid were completely separated and detected respectively by the method in 16 min. The relative standard derivations (RSD) are better than 1.14 % for migration time with 0.79 % peak area. The detection limits for Gln and Glu are 86μmol/L and 169μmol/L, respectively. The proposed method is successfully applied to the determination of amino acids in microbial conversion solution and the recoveries are in the range of 96.7%~99. 3 % for Gln and 95.9 %~97.9 % for Glu.
Determination and Analys of Amoxicillin Residue in Beeves with RP-HPLC
YU Gui-Yang
2008, 29(4):  332-334. 
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A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) has been developed for the determination of amoxicillin residue in beeves. Beeves were extracted with phosphate buffer, precipitated the proteins with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution, and purified and enriched by solid phase extraction (SPE). The retention results on a C18 column and the chromatography conditions of amoxicillin were investigated. The samples were separated by RP-HPLC and quantified with external standard calibration curves.There are good linear correlations with the correlation coefficient as 0.99934 between the peak areas and concentrations of amoxicillin .The dynamic linear range is 5.0~500μg/ml. The average recoveries of amoxicillin in spiked animal tissues range from 77.3 % to 97.4 %, and the relative standard deviations are between 1.2% and 13.5%. The limit of detection is below 10μg/kg. The relative standard deviations of intra-assay and inter-assay are both within 10%. This analysis method shows good recurrence.
Comparison of Determination of Theanine in Different Tea Species
ZHANG Jian, RONG Shao-Feng, GONG Gang-Ming, QIU Zi-Chun
2008, 29(4):  335-337. 
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High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the determination of theanine in different tea species. Theanine can be separated on a Eclipse XDB-C18 column with trifluoroacetic acid (0.05%) as solution and methanol as mobile phase for gradient elution. The UV detection wavelength is set at 208 nm, the flow rate 0.8 ml/min. and the temperature of column 30 ℃. Under the conditions mentioned above, the relative peak area(Y) is linearly related with the concentration(X) of theanine and its linear regression equation is Y=4299.3 66X+14.828, R2=0.9997. The average recovery is 101.06%.The RSD is <0.5%. The method is simple and accurate, and can be used in determination of the black tea, green tea, sweet tea and most of the tea species.
Determination of Hexanoic Acid 2-(diethylamino) Ethyl Ester Residue in Bok-choy with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
XIE Liu-Qing, JIANG Shu-Ren, XU Peng-Jun, ZHANG Hong-Yan, ZHAO Yu-Zhen, YANG Wei-Hua
2008, 29(4):  338-340. 
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A method for determination of hexanoic acid 2-(diethylamino) ethyl ester residue in bok-choy has been developed. The pesticide was extracted with acetone from the sample, and the liquid-liquid extraction clean-up process with dichloromethane was applied. The pesticide was finally determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selective ion monitor (SIM). The average recovery rates at various fortification levels (0. 01, 0. 05 and 0.1 mg/kg) range between 85 % and 99 % and the relative standard deviations are less than 10% in all cases.
Rapid Determination of Fruit Total Acidity by Fixed pH Method with Ultrasound Extraction in Formaldehyde Solution
GAO Xiang-Yang, ZHANG Ping-An, LIU Tian, WANG Kun
2008, 29(4):  341-343. 
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A new method of ultrasonic-formaldehyde extraction was applied to extract acid materials from fruit. By using the parameters of total acidity with fixed pH titration method, the extraction conditions were optimized with single factor and orthogonal tests. The results showed that the mass ratio of fruit to water , processing time of ultrasonic and temperature of water have significant effects on the extraction. And the optimizing conditions are: power 500 W, ratio of material to water 16:1, 2.00 ml neutral formaldehyde, processing fime 15 min and ultrasonic treatment at normal temperature, for 7 min at 80 ℃. The conclusion is that the ultrasonic extraction- formaldehyde method is superior to the traditional water extraction method in determining the fruit acidity comparably.
Study on LC-ESI-TRAP-MS Determination of Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol and Florfenicol in Milk Products
LIU Yan-Qin, WANG Hao, YIN Xiao-Yan, YANG Hong-Mei, YAN Long-Bao
2008, 29(4):  344-346. 
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This study developed a LC-ESI-TRAP-MS method for eht respective determination of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol and florfenicol in milk products.The mass-spectrometer was operated in the negative ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring. chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol and florfenicol could be qualitatively and quantitatively determined respectively with this method at the same time. The limit of detection is 0.3μg/L and 1.0μg/L, and the limit of quantitation is respectively 0.3~ 1.1 μg/L in milk and 3.0~11.0μg/kg in powdered milk. The linear plots were obtained between 1.0μg/L and 30.0 μg/ L.Overall recoveries were between 77.9 % and 96.6 %, and RSD value were 7.7 % and 14.0 %. The advantages of this method are as follows: simplified operation, shorter operation time, and higher sensitive.
Study on Extraction and Determination of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Tea
ZHENG Hong-Fa, HUANG Ya-Hui, HUANG Huai-Sheng, SU Ben-Wen, YUAN Ying-Fang
2008, 29(4):  347-351. 
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The method has been studied to extractisolate and determine the γ-aminobutyric acid in tea. Taking water or alcohol as solvent, it was discovered that water can achieve a better effect with, γ-aminobutyric acid content to be enhanced 20 %. With the ion exchange resin for isolation and 732 positive ions resin columns (2.5×50 cm) for adsorption, and citric acid and ammonia water as buffer liquids, so as to carry on pH linear gradient elution the results indicated that the γ-aminobutyric acid concentration can reach roughly 39 %. By thin layer scanner to continue the mensuration, the assaying conditions and parameters can be determined.
Determination of Cordycepin from Cultured Cordyceps sinensis by HPLC-DAD
SONG Jiang-Feng, LIU Chun-Quan, LI Da-Jing, JIN Bang-Quan
2008, 29(4):  352-354. 
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Determination of cordycepin in cultured Cordyceps sinensis by HPLC-DAD was showed. Eclipse XDB C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5μm) was used with water: ethanol: formic acid (95:4:1, V/V/V) as mobile phase and ultraviolet detection wavelength was 260 nm. The results showed that the average recovery of cordycepin is 100.8%, with RSD 1.88%. This method is simple and reliable.
Application of RAPD in Homology Analysis of Salmonella
GUO Ai-Ling, XIE Ji, SU Wan-Yuan, WANG Hong-Jiang, LIU Ting, WANG Sheng, MA Mei-Hu
2008, 29(4):  355-357. 
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Objective: 67 local strains isolated from food samples and egg samples and 4 type strains were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD). It was not only related with the homology analysis of 29 Serotype of Salmonella, but also provided basis for the epidemiological traceability of food-borne disease and the controlling of the disease. Method: 10 bases primer were selected in the use of the RAPD analysis of 71 Salmonella. The fingerprinting of RAPD result was analyzed by NTSYS- pc2.10e. Result: When the rate of correlation is 0.7, 71 Salmonella can be divided into 7 groups. The group of most number has 54 strains. When the rate of correlation is 0.9, 71 Salmonella can be divided into 26 groups. The group of most number has 18 strains. When the rate of correlation is 1.0, 9 groups can reach the level. The group of most number has 11 strains. The result of RAPD analysis agrees with the analysis of serological test at the level of 90 percent. Conclusion: the technique of RAPD can be used to the epidemiological traceability of food-borne disease.
Effects of Tea Polyphenols on Rat Body Weight and Relationship between It and Level of Rat Serum Lipid and Leptin
NING Hong-Zhen, LI Qing-Zhao, LIU Ying-Li, TANG Yong-Mei, LIU Hui, CHEN Bin, ZHANG Hao-Ran
2008, 29(4):  358-360. 
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Objective: To study the effects of tea polyphenols on rat body weight, body fat content, serum leptin concentration, and lipids. Methods: Young male rats were divided into four groups. The rats were given high fat diet or base diet containing different doses of tea polyphenols for four weeks. By the end of week eight, and the rats were sacrificed and their blood samples were taken, and the concentration of serum leptin and lipids were determined.Rusults:Tea polyphenols could reduce the level of body weight, lipids, and serum leptin.Cluclusion: Based on analysis on the change of body weight and serum leptin level, it referred that tea polyphenols could improve leptin-resising, which could be partly responsible for reducing body weight of fat rats.
Study on Hypolipidemic Effect of Root Extracts of Withanla somnifera(L) Dunal. Growing in Chongqing
ZHOU Cai-Qiong, ZHANG Bao-Yong
2008, 29(4):  361-365. 
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Objective: To study the hypolipidemiceffect of root extracts of Withania somnifera(L.) growing in Chongqing. Methods: Fifty Kunming mice were divided into negative control group(normal feed), positive control group(fat emulsion) and high, moderate and low dose groups(extract+fat emulsion). Each group was fed 30d. The level of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were determined at the beginning and end of test. At the end of 30d, all mice were killed to observe the change of liver by laser confocus. Results: Root extracts of Withania somnifera(L.) can evidently decrease TC, TG and LDL-C level but increase HDL-C level in high blood lipids mice induced by fat emulsion(p<0.05), with fat drip reduced in the liver. Conclusion: Root extracts of Withania somnifera(L.) growing in Chongqing have hypolipidemic effect.
Protective Effect of Pu-erh Tea Extracts on High-glucose-induced Damage in Human Fibroblast Cells
JIE Guo-Liang, HE Pu-Ming, ZHANG Long-Ze, ZHAO Bao-Lu, 吕Hai-Peng , LIN Zhi
2008, 29(4):  366-369. 
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In this study, the Pu-erh tea was successively extracted with acetone, water, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The extracts were then isolated by column chromatography. Our study demonstrated that both the Fraction 2 (E2 and), Fraction 8 (E8) from ethyl acetate extract, and the Fraction 4 (B4) and, Fraction 5 (B5) from n-butanol extract have strong superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity. The four fractions showed above have protective effects against high concen- tration glucose-induced loss of HPF-1 cell viability.
Immune Activity of Glycosaminoglycan from Ruditapes philippinarum
FAN Xiu-Ping, WU Hong-Mian, WANG Ya-Nan, HU Xue-Qiong, YE Qing-Jun
2008, 29(4):  370-372. 
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Objective: To study the immune activity of glycosaminoglycan from Ruditapes philippinarum (CRG). Methods: The CRG immune activity was observed with normal and immunosupressive mice. Results: CRG could increase the rate of carbon clearance, the serohemolysin level and the number of antibody - producing cells of normal mice; It also could enhance the phagocytic activity of mice peritoneal macrophages, the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and DTH(p<0.05). Conclusion: CRG can enhance the immune function of normal mice.
Effects of Chick Sternal Cartilage and Glucosamine Sulfate on Rheumatoid Arthritis in Sprague-Dawley Rats
LU Xue-Qin, XU Shi-Ying
2008, 29(4):  373-377. 
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This experiment studied the influence on rat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by oral administration of chick sternal cartilage and glucosamine sulfate. The collagen-induced rat rheumatoid arthritis model (CIA) was established in male sprague-dawley (SD) rats with intradermal injection of type II collagen in Freund’s complete adjuvant. CIA rats were treated with oral adminis- tration of chick sternal cartilage and glucosamine sulfate. The development of RA was observed in CIA rats and some relevant characteristics were determined. The results indicated that oral administration of chick sternal cartilage obviously relieved the arthritis symptoms and markly suppressed the lymphocyte proliferation. In addition, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-2 in the experimental rats were markedly lowered versus vehicle-treated rats. Hence, our studies demonstrated that chick sternal cartilage and glucosamine sulfate could be applied to prevent and cure the RA as a functional healthy food which are safe and lack of side- effects.
Study on Constituents and Biological Activities of Polyose from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus ( Rupr. et Maxim.) Fruit
FENG Ying, MENG Xian-Jun, WANG Jian-Guo, WANG Jing-Jing, ZHANG Qi
2008, 29(4):  378-380. 
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Acanthopanax sessiliflorus ( Rupr. et Maxim.) has been used instead of A.senticosus in northeast region of China, but its active components have not been very clear. In this article, the constituents of polyose from A.sessiliflorus fruit were studied by HPLC method. The results showed that the polyose is composed of galactose, mannose, fucose, xylose rhamnose, glucasamine, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid with mainly four homogeneous whose molecular weight are 21800, 147000, 45400, 18100 respectively. Among them, the monosacchrides of homogeneous polyose-1 I are Gal and Rha in the molar ratio of 1:0.7, whose molecular weight is 18100. The biological activities experiments showed that polyose has certain capability on scavenging hydroxyl radical and increasing the survival time of mice under hypoxia and loaded swimming condition and also increasing the immune activity of mice.
Study on Immune Function of Trpi
HUANG Xu-Lin, PANG Guang-Chang, YANG Jing-Jing
2008, 29(4):  381-385. 
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Tyrosine-rich peptide of immunostimulating (Trpi) which is a novel casein-derived antimicrobial peptide with obvious antimicrobial and immunostimulating property was separated from tryptic casein hydrolysates. Antimicrobial activi- ties of rude and purified Trpi were proved by the agar diffusion test, and the purity of purified Trpi which was 86.45% was analyzed by the capillary electrophoresis (CE). The results about the effects of rude and purified Trpi on body weight, spleen index, thymus index and lymphoproliferation activity of mice, indicated that Trpi didn’t affect body weight, but enhanced observably the spleen index (p<0.01) and thymus index (p<0.01), and improved dramatically lymphoproliferation activity (p<0.001, SI=2.13). Compared to the control, Trpi promoted significantly the release of IL-1β(p<0.001), IL-6 (p <0.001)and IL-10 (p<0.01)and affected faintly the level of IL-4 by three different ways: oral, intraperitoneal injection and Caudal vein injection, however, it had no effect on TNF-α, IFN-γ and TGF-α. The order of intension on cytokines was intraperitoneal injection, cudal vein injection and oral. Therefore, it was possible that Trpi affected mainly the levels of mice’s cytokines through mucosal immune. In conclusion, the research revealed that antimicrobial peptide Trpi’s immunostimulating function was possibly associated with the cytokine network of mucosal system.
Effects of Pilose Antler Polypeptide on Ability of Mice Anti-anoxia and Anti-fatigue
LUO Xiang-Dan, PAN Feng-Guang, ZHANG Tie-Hua, ZHANG Ming-Di, SONG Ge, LIU Jing-Bo
2008, 29(4):  386-388. 
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Experimental observation of the effects of pilose antler polypeptide on the ability of mouse anti-anoxia and anti- fatigue. All of the mice were divided into two groups, each consisting established control group and experimental group (PAP low- dose, medium-dose and high-dose group), which was given PAP, according to the dose of the experimental group, the control group was given a low dose with the volume of normal saline group. Gavage for 30days, the mice in each group was observed atmospheric anti-anoxia survival time; Decapitated after pant time; Climbing-time and loaded swimming time.And the same time, determination before swimming, swimming 0 minutes and 20 minutes of serum lactate content changes. The results showed that PAP can be significantly increased in mice atmospheric anti-anoxia survival time, decapitated after pant time, climbing-time and loaded swimming time; significantly decreased after swimming the increase in serum lactate. It is concluded that PAP can improve the ability of mouse anti-anoxia and anti-fatigue.
Study on Anti-fatigue Effect of Polysaccharide from Moso Bamboo Leaves
DING Hong-Xiu, GAO Yin-Yu, CHAO Hong-Juan, XIA Dong-Hua
2008, 29(4):  389-391. 
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Anti-fatigue effect of polysaccharide from moso bamboo leaves were observed in the research. Mices were randomly divided into group of low-dose of PMBL, group of middle-dose of PMBL, group of high-dose of PMBL (stomach irritation with 200, 400, 600 mg/kg bw PMBL respectively) and normal group( stomach irritation with saline only). After 10 days, recording loaded swimming time of mice, determineing activity of lactic dehydrogenase, liver glycogen, muscle glycogen and blood urea nitrogen by kit. Results showed that a certain dose of PMBL could extend swimming time, decrease the content of blood urea nitrogen, increase the activity of lactic dehydrogenases, obviously increase reservation of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen. conclusion polysaccharide from moso bamboo leaves has good effect on anti-fatigue.
Effect of Nostoc sphaeroids Kutz Polysaccharides on Tumor Inhibition and Immunity of Mice in vivo
MO Kai-Ju, XIE Bi-Jun, GONG Chen-Rui
2008, 29(4):  392-396. 
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The bearing-S180 female mice were injected 50, 100, 200 mg/kg bw·d Nostoc sphaeroids Kutz polysaccharides for 10d, the contrast were injected Cy20 mg/kg bw·d. The tumor index, thymus index, the spleen lymphocyte transformation, the NK cell activity and delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH), anti-oxidative were determined, in order to inquire into the tumor inhibition and immunity effect of the Nostoc sphaeroids Kutz polysaccharides. Results showed that the Nostoc sphaeroids Kutz polysaccharides can remarkable inhibit the tumor that is related to the dose, the tumor inhibition rate of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg polysaccharides were 29.91%, 38.24%, 64.08%, while it can restrain the cellular immunity which is descended by tumor, but it had effect to mice anti-oxidative.
Study on Acidic Proteoglycan from Folium mori on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Mice
WU Ting, YI Li-Ha-Mu, LI Qian, ZHANG Wei-Ming, LU Chang-Mei, WU Guo-Rong
2008, 29(4):  397-400. 
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The hypoglycemic effect of acidic polysaccharides from F. mori (APFM) on alloxan diabetic mice were studied in this study. Results showed that appropriate dosage of APFM could obviously decrease the contents of blood glucose, serum total cholesterol and malondiadehyde (MDA) and NO and the NO synzyme (NOS) activity, evidently increase the glucose tolerance and visceral indexes of blood serum in diabetic mice. All of the above results demonstrated that appropriate dosage of APFM could prevent and treat diabetes.
Study on Antioxidation of Natural Edible Pigments
CUI Wen-Xin, GENG Yue, WANG Feng-Qin, ZHANG Jing-Jing
2008, 29(4):  401-404. 
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Objective:Studies on the antioxidation of safflower yellow(SY), gardenia yellow (GY), red radish color(RRC) and purple sweet-potato red color(PSPRC). Method: The hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging effects of the four natural edible pigments were examined in vitro by fluorescence spectrophotometric method. Determine on the serum GPT, GOT, LDH and hepatic MDA, GSH-Px, SOD, liver index of SY and PSPRC. Results: All of the pigments have some scavenging effects on the hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical. In SY and PSPRC treated groups, the increases of serum GPT, GOT, LDH activities and liver GSH-Px, SOD were inhibited obviously. The elevations of MDA and liver index were prevented significantly. The lesions in liver were ameliorated obviously. Conclusion: Four natural edible pigments have antioxidant activity.
Study on Growth Inhibiting Effect of of Streptococcus thermophilus Exopolysaccharide from Tibetan Kefir on Human Colon Cancer Cells
MA 杉Shan, WANG Shi-Ping, LIAN Zheng-Xing, HAN Hong-Bing, LIU Hui
2008, 29(4):  405-408. 
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To investigate the proliferation effect of exopolysaccharide(EPS)produced from Streptococcus thermophilus of Tibetan kefir on human colon cancer HCT-8 cells. CCK-8 assay was used to examine the effect of EPS in anti-proliferation, killing effect of EPS was evaluated through morphology identification combined with fluorescence microscopy observation, the cell cycle pattern was studied by flow cytometry. CCK-8 assay showed that the proliferation of HCT-8 cells was inhibited apparently after treatment with EPS, and in a time- and dose-dependent manner. EPS treatment resulted in morphological changes, including cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, boundary aggregation or split, the necrotic cells increased along with the elevation of EPS concentration, and leading to cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. EPS showed that its anti- tumer effect by way of direct killing effects and make cells arresting the G1 phase to inhibiting the cell growth.
Contrast Experimental Analysis Quality Change of Tilapia Based on Time-Temperature Model
LIU Lu, ZHANG Jian, ZHANG Xiao-Shuan, FU Ze-Tian, PENG Chao-Hui, FAN Xiao-Li
2008, 29(4):  409-411. 
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Environmental temperature has strongly influenced on the quality of fresh fish, study on the temperature change which has harvest has an important role on the shelf life prediction. This experiment has taken two different approaches to tilapia, track and study on the quality change condition with temperature fluctuation of the fish which has taken two different approaches. Finally comparative analysis the processing and forecast the tilapia shelf life prediction. The results showed that using Input-oxygen treatment will be more effect on the extend shelf life of tilapia.
Study on Degradation of Inosinic 5’-Monophosphosphate in Chicken Muscle under Different Storage Conditions
WANG Yu, LIU Shu-Jun, WANG Yan, JIANG Jun, ZHU Yu, TANG Hui
2008, 29(4):  412-414. 
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Inosinic 5’-Monophosphosphate (IMP) and Inosine (I) content variations in breast meat of Wenchang chicken were studied. The test time for cold stored meat (0~2℃) was 1~10 d and frozen meat (-20℃) was 20~90 d. The results showed that the IMP in meat stored at 0~2℃ decreases gradually from 2 h after slaughter. Though the decrease was significant (p<0.01), the meat is still quite good quality at 4 d storage with 73% of the original IMP left. The IMP content in frozen meat (-20℃)stored is about the same as that of cold stored 1~2 d meat. The IMP dontent of 90 d frozen meat is not less than that of cold stored 10 d meat. However the variation trend of inosine was contrary to that of IMP. The empirical variation of IMP content of cold stored meat with storage days ( t ) is: IMP = 0.014t2-0.295t + 3.546 (with adjusted R2 = 0.877), and that for frozen meat is: IMP = -0.018t + 3.470 (with adjusted R2 = 0.823).
Analysis of Ethanol Accumulation in Post Harvest Winter Jujube Fruits
LI Peng, LIU Meng-Chun, GENG Jian-Qiang, HAN Xing-Chuan
2008, 29(4):  415-418. 
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The relation ship between the changes of composition and ethanol accumulation in both the flesh and pericarp during winter jujube storage was investigated. The results showed that the ethanol content in the flesh increases gradually, while the pyruvic acid and acetaldehyde contents first increase with the delay of storage time, and then decline. The lignin content in flesh and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase also increase. The healthy and senile tissues of pericarp were observed respectively with the optical microscoped and the results showed that the color of senile pericarp reddens and the cell structure loosens with enlarged intercellular space and even cracked in between. So it was conjectured that a lot of collective microzymes enter the softening tissue of winter jujube so as being led to enthanol accumulation.
Effects of Antagonistic Trichoderma spp. Treatment and Different PE Package (in Thickness) on Pepper Quality during Shelf Life
HU Qing-Xia, CHEN Yan-Hui, LI Yan, LI Xiang-Wei, HAN Ke
2008, 29(4):  419-429. 
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The peppers,the cultivar of Xiangyan No.16, were treated with different concentrations of antagonistic Trichoderma spp. (diluted 600, 800 and 1000 ploidy), then packed into different PE bags (0.02, 0.03mm PE film in thickness) to study the effects of Trichoderma spp. and the thickness of PE bags on Cayenne peppers’s rotten rate, rot index, vitamin C and chlorophyll content during shelf life,and to find the favorite methods to prolong the shelf life at room temperature. For the Cayenne pepper treated with antagonistic Trichoderma spp. diluted 600, 800 ploidy,the rotten rate is significant lower than the else’s and CK’s after 4 days,and their rot rates are all below 10%. The pepper rot index packed into 0.02 mm PE bags and treated with 600 ploidy Trichoderma spp. rose very slowly, and it’s rot index values at each period are significant lower than the others’s. While the rot index of the pepper packed into 0.03 mm PE bags and treated with diluted 600 or 800 ploidy are all lower than the others’s. When the pepper treated with diluted 600 ploidy, packed in 0.03 mm PE bags is prior to the treatments packed into 0.02mm PE bags on rot index significantly, while when the pepper treated with diluted 800, 1000 ploidy, 5 ×10-6 6-BAand CK, packed into 0.02 mm PE bags is prior to the ones packed into 0.03 mm PE bags. On retaining VC, the treatment treated with antagonistic Trichoderma spp. diluted higher ploidy is prior to the lower one, at the same time, the effect of all of the treatments of antagonistic Trichoderma spp. on remaining VC is higher than the ones treated with 5×10-6 6-BA and CK. Without any preservations, using 0.03mm PE package is better than 0.02 mm’s. On the decreasing the decompose of chlorophyll, 0.03 mm PE bags is better the other. In addition, the effect of antagonistic Trichoderma spp. on remaining pepper’s green is better than 6-BA’s, used for remaining green of postharvest fruits and vegetables, popularly.
Effects of Mechanical Damage on Enzymatic Browning in Fuji Apples
WANG Yan-Ying, HU Wen-Zhong, PANG Kun, ZHU Bei-Wei, FAN Sheng-Di
2008, 29(4):  430-434. 
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The effects of mechanical damage on physiological changes and the enzymatic activity of Fuji apples during storage at 5℃ and 18℃were investigated. The results showed that the relative electrical conductivity increases rapidly, L* value decreases rapidly, the content of polyphenol decreased gradually, the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)increases gradually and flesh becomes brown rapidly in Fuji apples after mechanical damage. The activities of polyphenol oxidase(PPO) and peroxidase(POD) and catalase (CAT) all increase while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) is restricted after mechanical damage. The parameters show the increasing and reducing cycles except PPO after extension of storage. It also showed that the protective enzyme system of injured tissue defends stress and the better activity of enzyme delays aging of fruit during low temperature storage.
Study on Chitosan Modified and Its Application in Fresh-keeping of Jinqiu Pear
WANG Ming-Li, TAO Xi-Qin, SHEN Dan, CHEN Ru-Cai
2008, 29(4):  435-438. 
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As the chitosan was modified with nano-SiOx, nano-SiOx / chitosan composite film was obtained. Water/oxygen permeability and antibacterial activity were investigated. Fresh-keeping ability of the chitosan films was evaluated by measuring contant of ascorbic acid, good fruits rate and storage life of Jinqiu pear at room temperature; The results showed: the water permeability and oxygen permeability decreased by 35% and 21% respectively, and the composite film has obvious antibacterial activity, and the shelf life of Jinqiu pear was prolonged from 20 to 60 days, and the good fruits rate percent was 80% after 60 days.
Proteomic Techniques and Its Applications in Nutrition Research
HE Qing-Hua, WU Yong-Ning, YIN Yu-Long
2008, 29(4):  439-442. 
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Proteomics has been widely applied to nutrition research. Proteome analysis also is expected to play an important role in researching nutrition-associated diseases in humans and animals, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and aging. Proteomic techniques and its applications in nutrition research are reviewed.
Research Advance of Natural Antioxidant Peptides
ZHANG Hao, REN Fa-Zheng
2008, 29(4):  443-447. 
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Natural antioxidant peptides are safer than synthetic food antioxidants, hence the growing interest in the substitution of synthetic food antioxidants by natural antioxidant peptides has focused research on their preparation from inexpensive or residual sources from agricultural industries. Except for antioxidant ability, other biological properties such as anticarcinogenicity, antimutagenicity and antiaging activity have been reported for natural antioxidant peptides. Hence antioxidant peptides are not exclusive concern for the food industry, which are widely needed to prevent deterioration of other oxidisable goods, such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and plastics. In the last few decades, antioxidant peptides have been given more and more attentions for its important function and become the focus of domestic and foreign studies. In this review, after presenting general aspects about natural source of antioxidant peptides, is to focus on the crude extraction and purification of antioxidant peptides from agricultural and industrial wastes, as well as to summarize the evaluating indicators and influencing factors of antioxidant activity. At last the application of antioxidant peptides is presented.
Inquire Conjugated Linoleic Acid Anti-carcinogenesis Effects and Mechanisms
DONG Gui-Cheng, CAO Li-Xia, NA Ri-Su, ZHAO Ri-Ge-Tu, LI Shao-Ying, BO ·Ge-Ri-Le-Tu
2008, 29(4):  448-451. 
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Several cancer animal models were designed by researchers. Meanwhile, by performing in vivo and in vitro animal test, employing a series of in vitro characteristic cancer cell lines experiments, and applying related pathobiology evaluation system, the anti-cancer effect and mechanism of conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) on different type of cancer cells, target cancer organs and cancer biomarkers have been investigated.
Research Drogress of Low Glycemic-index Starchy Derivatives
MIAO Ming, JIANG Bo, ZHANG Tao
2008, 29(4):  452-456. 
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In this paper, the process in studies on low glycemic index starchy derivatives is summarized. The glycemic index, physiological function of low glycemic-index food and low glycemic-index starchy derivatives (including indigestible dextrin, slowly digestible starch, resistant-enzyme starch, starch-lipid complex and starch-protein conjugate) are introduced. The long- term potential development of low glycemic-index starchy derivatives is prospected.
Indirect Methods and Influence Factors to Determine Total Antioxidant Activity of Fruit and Vegetable
FU Chen-Mei, JIAO Bi-Ning, HAN Jian-Quan
2008, 29(4):  457-460. 
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The total activity is the main parameter to value the antioxidant ability of objects. Methods to measure total antioxidant activity can be divided into indirect and direct methods according to priciple, and indirect methods were fast and simple ways to determine the total antioxidant activity. At present, ABTS and DPPH were applied widely. The results of indirect methods were influenced by factors such as antioxidants and interactions, interference materials, pH, action time, producing system for free radicals and so on. Researchers tried to use the other advanced methods such as HPLC to decrease the environmental influence on the indirect method.
Progress of Large-sacle Extraction and Purification Technology of Phycocyanin from Spirulina
WU Lei, PANG Guang-Chang, CHEN Qing-Sen
2008, 29(4):  461-463. 
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Phycocyanin has wide applications in food, cosmetics and medicine areas. There are large amount phycocyanin in Spirulinda. This review gives the progress of extraction and purification technologies of phycocyanin from Spirulinda, summarizes the problems in phycocyanin production from Spirulinda and looks forward to the future of large-scale production of phycocyanin.
Flavor Constituents of Fruits and Its Regulation
ZHANG Hai-Ying, HAN Tao, XU Li, LIU Xiao-Wei
2008, 29(4):  464-469. 
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Flavor constituents of fruits and their biosynthetic pathways were reviewed in this paper. The factors that influenced the flavor constituents of fruits,as well as their regulation were also discussed, including genetic and growing conditions (sun, water, fertilizer, pesticide, cultivate technology, etc.), post harvest treatments (low temperature storage, CA storage, heat treatment and high pressure).
Study on Ageing Mechanism of Stored Rice
GAO Yu-Long, JU Xing-Rong, YAO Ming-Lan, WU Ding
2008, 29(4):  470-473. 
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Rice ageing is a complicated process, which involves changes in physical and chemical properties of the rice grain. Starch, protein and lipids are the main rice grain components which affect cooking and eating quality. While the overall starch, protein and lipid contents in the rice grain remain essentially unchanged during storage, structural changes do occur. These changes affect the pasting and gel properties, flavour and texture of cooked rice. This paper reviews research on the physical and chemical properties of the rice grain and how these change during storage. The effects of these changes on rice functionality are discussed.
Research Progress on Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl.
YANG Wei-Bo, LU Cheng-Ying, CHEN Gong-Xi, LI Guo-Zhang, ZHANG Min
2008, 29(4):  474-477. 
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This paper reviews the progress in study on Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl., which has been commonly used as a local medicine by folk doctors of the west of Hunan province. It has the functions of reducing fever, detumescence, arresting bleeding, anti-pyogenic infections and so on. In order to make further development and utilization of this plant, of which the research condition is summarized now.
Processing Study on Fermented Tomato Drink
DU Bing, YANG Gong-Ming, LIU Chang-Hai
2008, 29(4):  478-480. 
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Using tender tomato as raw materials, fermented with L. acidophilus, a kind of lactic acid fermented drink was developed. The optimum proportions of materials mixed are shown as fellows: ratio of tomato juice of to water 6:4, sucrose 10 %, and dry skim milk 5%. The most suitable fermented conditions are obtained by homogeneous design as follows: fermentation time 24 h, initial pH 5.8, fermentation temperature 38 ℃, and inoculum size 8%. The product is of comfortable taste, acid and sweet. It has fruit flavor of tomato and ferment flavor of lactic acid bacteria.