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Table of Content

15 January 2007, Volume 28 Issue 1
Analysis of Factors Affecting Dominant Resonant Frequency of Eggs with Grey Relative Theory
HUANG Hui-Ming, LU Qiu-Jun, WANG Jun
2007, 28(1):  29-32. 
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When using nondestructive acoustic impulse response method to assess physical qualities of eggs and check cracks of eggshell, it can be found that there are lots of factors affecting dominant resonant frequency, such as eggshell strength, egg-shaped index, egg weight, and egg specific gravity. Furthermore, the relationship among these factors and dominant resonant frequency is non-linear and it is difficult to analyze the relationship among them through conventional regression method. In the paper, the grey relative coefficient among the dominant frequency and affecting factors of eggs are calculated with the grey relative theory. As shown in the results, the order of grey relative degree is as follows: eggshell strength, egg weight, egg-shaped index, and egg specific gravity. From the results, conclusion can be drawn that eggshell strength is the first important affecting factor, and the egg weight is the second, while the factor of egg specific gravity only affects the dominant resonant frequency slightly. In brief, the presented grey relative theory can provide a new way for comprehensive analysis of the relationship among dominant frequency and affecting factors.
Study on Separation and Purification Technology of Sophora alopecuroides L.
HU Yan-Li, GUO Li, JIA Xiao-Hong
2007, 28(1):  32-36. 
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 The aim of this paper was to research an optimumly separated and purified method of Sophora alopecuroides L. The results of experiment determined that the most effective separating and purifing method for each ingredient in Sophora alopecuroides L. was a combined one by using alumina column followed recrystallization. Besides, the matrine and oxymatrine crystals obtained respectively from this experiment were analysed for their purification by high performance liquid chromatog- raphy (HPLC). Finally, we found that the purities of the two pured alkaloids both exceed 98%.
Chemical Compositions of Essential Oil of Eucalyptus umbellate Growing in Guangxi
TIAN Yu-Hong, LIU Xiong-Min, ZHOU Yong-Hong, LAI Fang
2007, 28(1):  36-38. 
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The essential oil of leaves from Eucalyptus umbellate growing in Guangxi was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC-MS). 51 compounds constituting 96.17% of the oil were identified. The major components are: 1, 8-cineole (28.46%), β-pinene (12.21%), α-pinene (11.00%), globulol (7.27%), α-terpineol (6.59%), limonene (5.34%), aromadendrene (3.92%), p-Menth-1-en-4-ol (2.08%) and epiglobulol (1.77%).
Study on Properties and Films of Carboxyl Methyl Glucomannan-Isolated Soy Protein Conjugate
ZHAN Xiao-Hui, ZHANG Xiao-Ju, LI Wan-Fen, CHEN Guo-Feng, HUANG Jing, ZHANG Sheng-Hua, JIANG Fa-Tang
2007, 28(1):  39-42. 
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Carboxyl methyl glucomannan konjac (CMKGM)-soy protein isolated (SPI) conjugate were prepared by solution method and characterized by FT-IR, UV Scan, SEM and Tg. The properties of the conjugate film were tested. The results indicated that there is strong interaction between CMKGM and SPI when the conditions are as follow: m(carboxyl methyl glucomannan): m(SPI)=1.5:1, pH10, 6ml phosphorus oxychloride/100g dry powder, at 40℃ and 3 hours reaction. Tensile strength, moisture resistance and gas barrier of the blend film are improved markedly. The tensile strength increases 117.6% compared to CMKGM. The moisture absorption decreases 19.02% compared to CMKGM. The humidity-penetrate coefficient decreases 40.97% to C M K G M .
Extraction, Purification and Preliminary Analysis of Eleagnus angustifolius L. Polysaccharide-2
WANG Qing-Ning, 吕Xing-Lian , PENG Yun-Shuo, WU Ji-Ling
2007, 28(1):  43-46. 
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The crude Eleagnus angustifolius L.polysaccharide was obtained by a series of steps of degreasing, hot water extraction, alcohol precipitation, trichloroacetic acid treatment and further purified four times Sevag deproteinization and decoloring. EAP-1, EAP-2 and EAP-3 were gained by DEAE-cellulose and dialysis method. Qualitative chemical reaction and UV analysis indicated that EAP-2 is an acid polysaccharide with 2.3% D-galacturonic acid and without any protein, nuclear acid and starch. The units of the neutral monosaccharide are identified by HPLC as rhanmose, xylose, arabinose, fructose, mannose, glucose and galactose. The polysaccharide structure of EAP-2 is identified by IR.
Study on Preparation and Properties of Acetylated Acid Hydrolysis Modified Starch
TANG Hong-Bo, MA Bing-Jie
2007, 28(1):  47-50. 
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The preparation and properties of acetylated acid hydrolysis modified starch by using corn starch as raw materials, hydrochloric acid as acid hydrolysis reagent, acetic anhydride as acetylation reagent and sodium hydroxide as catalyst, were introduced in this paper. The effect of some factors such as acid hydrolysis time, acid hydrolysis temperature, concentration of hydrochloric acid and pH on fluidity and substitution degree of modified starch was discussed. The results showed that the increase of acid hydrolysis temperature, time and concentration of hydrochloric acid speeds the starch hydrolysis. The viscosity of acid modified starch was determined by fluidity method. The substitution degree of compound modified starch was determined by acid and alkali titration method.
Study on WHC and Ultrastructure of Heat-induced Gelation of CB Salt-soluble Protein
KANG Chun-Yu, ZHAO Chun-Qing
2007, 28(1):  50-53. 
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The salt soluble protein of chicken breast was extracted with buffer that contained different levels of DSPP, HMP, STPP by orthogonal design L9(34). Thus the heat induced gels of the salt soluble proteins were prepared and the water- holding capacity and the ultrastructure of the gels were investigated. The results showed that the optimal conditions are: NaCl 0.6mol/L, MgCl2 0.1mol/L, pH 7.0 and WHC 96.92%. The analysis of electric scanmicroscopy showed that gels with different WHC ultrastructures showing homogeneity, smoothness and fineness in the gel reach 96.92% WHC better than those in the gel of 52.19% WHC. The optimum levels of polyphosphates are DSPP 0.04g, STPP 0.05g, HMP 0.03g respectively.
Study on Degradation of Carboxymethy Chitosan and Their Antioxidant Activity
SUN Tao, ZHOU Dong-Xiang, ZHU Ying-Na, MAO Fang
2007, 28(1):  54-57. 
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Carboxymethy chitosan was oxidatively degraded with H2O2. The effects of reaction time and concentration of H2O2 on the degradation were studied. Viscosity determination and modified Schales’ procedure were applied to assay the molecular weights of degraded carboxymethyl chitosan. Antioxidant activity of degraded carboxymethy chitosan was evaluated as hy- droxyl radical scavenger by flow injection chemoluminescence technology. The results showed that the molecular weights of degraded products would be a relative constant value with the increase of H2O2 concentration. Carboxymethyl chitosan with molecular weight of about 1100 would be obtained when the H2O2 concentration is higher than 1.3mol/L and reaction time is longer than 16h. All degraded carboxymethyl chitosans show certain hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, but the antioxidant activity is stronger at lower molecular weight.
Rheological Properties of Sweet Potato Starch Paste
TAN Hong-Zhuo, GU Wen-Ying, LIU Dun-Hua, LU Jian-An
2007, 28(1):  58-63. 
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The rheological behaviours of sweet potato starch paste at various concentrations (2%, 5%, 8%, 10% and 20%) and at various temperatures (20℃, 40℃, 60℃ and 80℃) were assayed respectively. The results showed that sweet potato starch paste is a typic non-Newtonian, shear-thinning and thixotropic fluid, whereas the higher the temperature or the lower the concentration, the smaller the hysteresis loopis. The rheological behaviours of sweet potato starch paste are explained better by Cross equation than Power Law equation. Variations of viscosity of Sweet potato starch paste temperature ramp from 20℃ to 90℃ at shear rate of 10s-1 and 100s-1 were also investigated respectively. The results showed that sweet potato starch paste is tempersture-sensitive and suitable for Arrhenius equation. Sweet potato starch paste with low concentration (e.g. 2%), however, exhibits an unique behaviour that the Downlink was above the Uplink, described using Herschel-Bulkley equation. The results exhibits an unique behaviour that the Downlink is above the Uplink, using Herschel-Bulkley equation. The results by dynamic rheological measurement showed that the storage modulus (G’), loss modulus (G") and loss factor(tanδ) of sweet potato starch paste increase sharply from initial gelatinization temperature(ToG’) to maximal gelatinization temperature(TG’max) and decrease sharply over TG’max, that the storage modulus (G’) and loss modulus (G") of sweet potato starch paste increase during cooling, while loss factor(tanδ) decreases during 100~50℃ and increased during 50~20℃.
Study on Adsorption Kinetics of the Chelate Compound of Chitosan with Ferric Ions
XU Hui, SUN Lan-Ping, ZHANG Sheng-Yi, ZHAO Da-Qing
2007, 28(1):  63-67. 
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In this paper the structure of the chitosan-ferric(CTS-Fe3+)complex prepared by non-homogeneous adsorption was confirmed by IR and UVspectra, and the isothermal adsorption kinetics of CTS for ferric ions has also been investigated. The experiments indicated that the chelate reaction occurrs between -NH2, -OH, -NHCOCH3 of CTS and ferric ions, the adsorption is satisfied with the Langmuir-single-molecule-layer adsorption mechanism, and the apparent adsorption activation energy is 3.6476kJ/mol.
Dual Characters of Beer——Yielding and Scavenging Free Radicals
LI Qi, YAN Min, DONG Jian-Jun, DAN Lian-Ju, GU Guo-Xian
2007, 28(1):  67-70. 
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The processes of yielding free radicals (FR) by incubated beer and scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical by fresh beer are studied by electron spin resonance spectroscopy with spin-trapping technology, which implies that beer has the dual character of yielding and scavenging FR. The technical phases adapting to forming FR or arising chain reactions during brewing and storage and the substances and sources of scavenging FR as well are discussed.
Research on Chemical Compositions of Shaneng Goat Colostrum
YANG Xiao-Yu, DING Hui-Huang, YANG Hua, CHEN Jin-Ping, ZHANG Fu-Xin
2007, 28(1):  70-73. 
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The chemical compositions of Shaneng goat colostrum were analysed. The results showed that: the contents of total solids, ash, protein and fat decrease with the prolong of lactation in Shaneng goat colostrum. The average contents of gross compositions are: 21.32% total solids, 1.57% ash,10.24% protein, 6.61% fat(12h)and 1.93% lactose in colostrum at 3h post parturition. The contents of total solids, ash, protein and fat are the highest but the content of lactose is the lowest at 3h post parturition. The content of lactose increases with the prolong of lactation.
Study on Germination and Inactivation of B.subtilis Spores in Fresh Milk by Oscillatory and Pulsed Ultra High Pressure
DE Li-Ge-尔Sang, WANG Ying-Li, A La-Da-Ri-Tu, MA Li-Na
2007, 28(1):  73-76. 
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A method of germinating and sterilizing B.Subtilis spores with minimal heating was studied by the combined effect of oscillatory and pulsed UHP, pressurization times, and with certain operations cycles. The condition above room temperature was benefit to UHP sterilization. At 40℃, seven pressurization cycles with the first pressure at 200MPa for 5min, followed by an ambient pressure pause for 1min, then another 700MPa pressurization for 5min, decreases the spores count from 107 to 102~ 103cells/ml.
Study on Function of Rapeseed Protein Isolate and Polypeptide
YANG Guo-Yan, CHEN Dong-Liang, LIU Li, WU Guan-Peng, WANG A-Jing
2007, 28(1):  76-78. 
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The solubility of rapeseed protein polypeptide is higher than that of rapeseed protein isolate, but both are hot stable. The foamability and foam stability of rapeseed protein polypeptide are better than those of rapeseed protein isolate.
Hydrolysis of Sucrose Solution Catalysed by Strong Acid Cation Resin and Effect of Ultrasonic on the Process
PAN Yi, LIN Qing-Sheng, CHEN Jian
2007, 28(1):  79-81. 
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Using the strong acid cation resin to catalyse the hydrolysis of sucrose solution in the stirring reactor, this paper analyzed the effects of the solution concentration on the reaction constant as well as its deviation from the first-order reaction. The primary study has shown that the ultrasonic does not enhance the hydrolysis velocity of the sucrose solution under higher concentrationc ondition.
Study on Relationship between Brined Ham Processing Factors and Content of N-nitrosamine
MA Li-Zhen, YANG Hua, YAN Xu, 南Qing-Xian
2007, 28(1):  82-85. 
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The nitrates and nitrites are two common food additives in meat processing. They have some useful functions as improving color and flavor, deferring oxidation and acidification of fat and disinfecting Clostridium botulinum, to prolong the shelf life of meat products. But people had found in early 70’s last century, the carcinogenic material--nitrosamine by reacting with amino acid. Furthermore, the nitrate could produce nitrosamine when it comes into stomach. This article fully concentrated on the minimum nitrosamine formation with residual sodium nitrite content changes in the salted ham processing with respect to salting time, cooking time, cooking temperature and adding quantity of additives such as sodium nitrite sodium sodium ascorbate. The optimum results are: 24h salting time, 0.12g/kg sodium nitrite, 0.64g/kg sodium ascorbate, 1h cooking time and 85℃ cooking temperature (for 250g meat size per piece) to keep the product in good color with low level of nitrosamine compound produced.
Study on Flavonoids Extraction and Function of Scavenging Hydroxy Free Radical from Lespeda.dunnii.
CHEN Nai-Dong, ZHOU Shou-Biao, WANG Chun-Jing, WANG Gui-Jun, LUO Qi, HU Jin-Rong
2007, 28(1):  86-91. 
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The leaves of Lespeda.dunnii were dealt with different extraction reagents. The flavonoids extracted were proved to exsist in Lespeda.dunnii. by the characteristic coloration reactions of the flavaonoids in comparison to UV and visible spectrum shown between the extracted substance and rutin.The technological conditions were approached by single factor and orthogonal test for the extraction of the flavonoids from Lespeda.dunnii.The results showed that the optimum technological conditions are: temperature at 75℃, the extraction reagent of 75% ethanol, material to extraction reagent 1:30 and the extraction time 3.5h. The flavonoids ratio yield of extraction reaches 89.46%. In addition, The anti-oxidant capacity of the flavonoids from Lespeda.dunnii. was preliminarily studied, as well.
Study on Anti-browning of Dry Chinese Chestnut Kernel without Sulfite Reagents
QI Jing-Hua, CHEN Fang, YU Tong-Quan, JIA Xiao-Li
2007, 28(1):  91-94. 
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Dry chestnut kernel with good color takes an especially important position in the chestnut processing, so color- protecting technique plays an important role in the processing. Through response surface analysis experiment, combining sensory evaluation for the chestnut kernel by different concentration reagents, the results showed that dipping in the mixed liquid of 0. 54% VC, 0.86% citric acid and 1.013% sodium chloride for 30 minutes are the optimum conditions.
Effects of Magnetic Treatment on Biomass and EPS of Spirulina
ZHENG Bi-Sheng, GUO Si-Yuan, YOU Shan
2007, 28(1):  94-98. 
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The effects of magnetic treatment on the biomass and excreting of exo-polysaccharides(EPS) of Spirulina were studied systematically. It proved that a lower magnetic intensity(≤40kA/m) is good for improving the biomass of Spirulina but the growth rate restrained as magnetic intensity higher than 40kA/m. 24kA/m is the optimum condition for improving the growth rate and the maximum-cell-concentration. The higher the magnetic intensity, the stronger the restraint is when the magnetic intensity is higher than 80kA/m. The growth stops almost when the magnetic intensity is higher than 400kA/m. Although the growth of Spirulina is restrained at the higher intensity magnetic treatment, it could stimulate the excretion of EPS obviously. It was also found that the optimum magnetic effect takes place in logarithmic growth phase.
Study on Distilled Dietary Fiber Technology from Banana Peel
CHEN Jun, SONG Wei-Chun, XU Yun-Sheng
2007, 28(1):  99-101. 
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Dietary fiber was distilled from banana peel by both alkali-method and enzyme-method. The two methods were analyzed and compared. The technology conditions of enzyme-method was assayed and the optimum conditions were found as well.
Study on Double-coated Microencapsulation of Procyanidins
WANG Zhong-He, ZHU Jun-Chen, CHEN Hui-Yin
2007, 28(1):  102-106. 
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This paper studied the procyanidins double-coated microencapsulating technology by double emulsion-spray drying, using soybean protein isolated, malt dextrin, sunflower seed oil, emulsifier et al. as wall material. The optimum proportion of wall material was determined by using three-factor single shape barycenter method. The results showed that the optimum spray-drying parameters are as follows: the homogenizing pressure 40MPa, the inlet air temperature 195~200℃ and the feeding speed 45ml/min. The bilayered microencapsulation shows good structure and stability.
Study on Supercritical CO2 Extraction Process of Nagringenin from Peach Leaf
CHEN Xue-Feng, LIU Di, LI Xin
2007, 28(1):  106-109. 
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The effects of extraction temperature, extraction pressure, extraction time and the dosage of modifier on the extraction of nagringenin from peach leaf by supercritical CO2extraction technology have been studied in this article. By the experiment, the optimization conditions have been confirmed as: extraction temperature 60℃, extraction pressure 30MPa, extraction time 6h and the ratio of peach leaf mass and ethanol mass 1:2.0 (the modifier is 95% ethanol).
Preparation of Octenyl Succinic Acid Modified Starch
LIU Zhi-Qiang, PING Li-Feng, LI Yin, ZHENG Yu-Guo, GAO Jia-An
2007, 28(1):  110-114. 
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Study on Synthesis Technology and Properties of Corn Stearate Starch
ZHANG Yan-Ping, SHI Qiao-Ling
2007, 28(1):  115-117. 
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Stearate starch was prepared from corn starch by esterification with stearic acid with microwave irradiation and the properties of stearate starch were also investigated. The results showed that compared to the native strarch, the viscosity of the paste of stearate starch is very low, the transparency very higher and the contra- retrogradation better, while the emulsifying stabilityi ncreases.
Research on Extraction and Stability of Eggplant Purple Pigment
WANG Chuan
2007, 28(1):  118-120. 
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This article reports the extraction processing and stability of the natural purple pigment from eggplant.Eggplant purple pigment can be extracted by absolute ethyl alcohol. The eggplant purple pigment darkens as the temperature rises. The alkalescence and ammonium oxalate can delay its degeneration and enhance the stability.
Application of Pectinase on Treatment of Cerasus Humilis Juice
XUE Jie, JIA Shi-Ru, WANG Yi-Jing
2007, 28(1):  120-122. 
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The effects of pectinase in Cerasus Humilis juice processing were studied in this paper. The results showed that the optimum conditions of adding pectinase were: 20/L, treated at 30℃ for 24h. At these conditions, the clarity of juice is better, and the pectin is decomposed completely. When the same dosage was applied to Cerasus Humilis jam, the yield of juice increases 12%, and the content of pectin decreases 76.7%.
Study on Extraction Technology for β-carotin from Sweet Potatoes
QIN Hong-Wei, YANG Hong-Hua, SHI Chun-Yu, WANG Ming-Lin
2007, 28(1):  123-126. 
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The extraction technics of β-carotin with ultrasonic auxiliary in sweet potatoes were studied in this paper. The results showed that the procedures are optimal to extract β-carotin with ultrasonic auxiliary: at room temperature, using acetone- petroleum ether(3:7) as solvents, and then extracted 25min for 3 times with the proportion of material and solvent(1:4). The extraction method of β-carotin with ultrasonic auxiliary is superior to that of general saturation. The process with ultrasonic auxiliary costs less solvent and time. It proves to be a feasible way to extractβ-carotin.
Extracting Chlorogenic Acid from Sweet Potato Leaves and Stems and Determinating Its Content
XIANG Chang-Guo, LI Wen-Fang, NIE Qin, LIU Qing-Bo, XIA Qin
2007, 28(1):  126-130. 
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This paper reported the extraction and the determination of chlorogenic acid in sweet potato leaves and stems by UV-spectrophotometry. The results showed the follows optimum extraction process: pH4, menstruum 50% ethanol or methanol and extracting time 1.0~1.5h. The contents of chlorogenic acid in the leaves and stems of sweet potato are highest in September and are respectively 4.49% and 1.26%. The contents in the tender stems are highest in July as 0.93%. It provides a theoretical basis for the utilization of sweet potato leaves and stems.  
Study on Microbial Contamination Conditions of Low Mositure Capsicum Powder and Control Technology
ZHANG Chun-Yan, CAI Jing-Ping, PAN Feng
2007, 28(1):  131-134. 
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The microbial contamination conditions of 48 kinds of low mositure capsicum powder were investigated. The results showed that the bacteria counts are 2.2×104~2.8×106CFU/g, average bacteria counts are 4.8×105CFU/g.The majority of the bacteria flora of capsicum powder are Bacillus and Coccus. The microbial contamination conditions of the whole capsicum powder process were also investigated. The results showed that baking could reduce the bacteria numbers of the capsicum surface, but its effect is very limited. Bacillus counts could affect the baking sterilization. Ozone treatments were used in reducing the bacteria counts of the spice. The results showed that sterilization rate is 5.0% for ozone treatments 1h for 1mm thickness of capsicum powder and ozone could decrease the bacteria counts of the capsicum after 5 days treatment from 1.5×106CFU/ g to 6.8×103CFU/g, and the bacteria counts of the capsicum powder could be reduced to 1.2×102CFU/g after further baking. In this study the ozone sterilization is very efficacious in reducing the bacteria counts for different capsicum powder microbial contaminationc onditions.
Processing Technic on Health Drinks Bifidobacteria Fermented Corn
LI Feng-Lin, LIANG Yong-Hai, ZHANG Li-Li, LIU Bo
2007, 28(1):  135-138. 
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In the article, cornstarch is used as raw material. After being liquefied and saccharified. They are mixed and inoculated by Bifidobacteria. And then the initial fermenter are again fermented by S.thermophilus and L.bulgaricus so products of high quality can be obtained. Various ways of experiments are tried, such as orthogonal test, to determine the optimum formulation and craft conditions. Ways of guarantee period experiments are tried to determine the optimum guarantee period.
Enzyme Extraction of Dietary Fiber from Jujube Residue and Application Study
YAO Wen-Hua, HU Yu-Hong, QIU Cheng-Jun, YIN Zhuo-Rong
2007, 28(1):  139-142. 
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 The optimal process conditions of dietary fiber extraction from jujube (Ziziphus jujube MILL) fruit residue were studied with enzymatic method. This research utilized cellulase with substrate concentration 0.7%, temperature 35℃, and time 12 minutes. The yield of soluble dietary fiber increased 28%, the water-binding capacity of insoluble dietary fiber was 886%, and the dilatability was 18.7ml/g. Adding 7% jujube dietary fiber, the character of dough was improved in a certain sense. The quality of this kind of biscuit is fine and it is beneficial to health.
Study on Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Activity of Se-enriched Green Tea Functional Components
WANG Fei-Fei, YU Fang, XIN Zhi-Hong, HU Qiu-Hui
2007, 28(1):  142-147. 
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The ultrasonic was used to extract Se-enriched green tea functional components. The extraction pararmeters were optimized by L9(34) orthogonal design. And the composition of Se-enriched tea functional components was researched. The antioxidant activity of Se-enriched green tea functional components was assessed by FTC method and DPPH method. The optimized parameters were as follow: 50% (W/V) ethanol as solvent, ultrasonic power of 250W, ratio of solid/liquid of 1:15, extracting for 2 times at 50℃ for 1.5 hours each time. The yield was 43.76%. The antioxidant activity of the extracts under the optimized condition, which contained Selenium 4.35±0.11μg/g, tea polyphenol (55.84±2.31)%, polysaccharide (13.37± 3.02)%, protein (25.75±4.05)%, theine (5.99±0.01)%, was stronger than the extracts under other technology parameters and positivec ontrolα -tocopherol.
Study on Lactococcus Entrapped in Alginate to Process Mung Bean Starch
WANG Long-Fei, SHEN Qun
2007, 28(1):  147-150. 
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The Lactococcus were entrapped in the Ca-alginate gel to be used to process mung bean starch. As a result, when the concentration of alginate is 4% (W/V), and the originally population of cells is 108(CFU/ml), the yield of starch could be up to maximum. The life of Ca-alginate gels is 10 days. Not only the Lactococcus but also the second metabolism production of the entrapped cells in alginate play an important role in sedimentation mung bean starch.
Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Water-soluble Polysaccharides from Ampelopsis grossedentata
LUO Zu-You, CHENG Chao, LI Wei, WU Mou-Cheng
2007, 28(1):  151-154. 
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Polysaccharide from Ampelopsis grossedentata (AGP) was obtained after being extracted with hot water, precipitated with alcohol and removed free protein with Sevag method. AGP was isolated and purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, two pure polysaccharides (AGP-3 and AGP-4) were gained. The results of HPLC and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography illustrated that both AGP-3 and AGP-4 were protein-bond polysaccharids with comparatively homogenous molecular weights. Also, the two polysaccharids were colored by coomassie brilliant blue G-250 and carbazole reaction.
Research on Enzyme Activity Assay of Lactobacillus acidophilus Linoleate Isomerase
CAO Jian, WANG Yue-Nan, WANG Hong-Jun, WANG Yu-Jun, YU Hai-Dong
2007, 28(1):  155-158. 
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Linoleate isomerase can catalyze the chemical reaction from linoleic acid to conjugated linoleic acid, while the latter shows many physiological activities. However, linoleate isomerase activity assay differs from literature to literature. Enzyme activity assay of linoleate isomerase of Lactobacillus acidophilus was studied in this paper, so as to provide some reference to study the enzyme activity during the process of enzyme purification. Optimum reaction conditions for linoleate isomerase activity were determined by single-factor test and orthogonal test, as follows: crude enzyme 0.10ml, linoleic acid 0.70ml, Tween-80 2.00ml, reaction temperature 37℃, and reaction time 3h.
Extraction and Separation of Glycoproteins from the Mycelia of Paecilomyces cicadae with Analysis Test
TAN Ai-Juan, LIANG Zong-Qi, LIU Ai-Ying
2007, 28(1):  159-160. 
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By means of degreasing, water-extracting, acetone-precipitating and dialyzing in distilled water, the total carbohydrate in the mycelial powder of Paecilomyces cicadae is tested as 34.79% by Phenol-Sulphuric Measure method and the protein content is 63.45% by Lowry. The glycoprotein possesses two absorbing peaks (PS1 and PS2) under ultraviolet spectrum as separated by Sephadex G-25. The protein content is 77.1% in PS1 and 53.02% in PS2, while the total carbohydrate is 21.11% in PS1 and 44.98% in PS2, respectively.
Breeding of CGTase Processing Strain with N+ Ion Implantation
WANG Yan-Ping, CHEN Lin-Hai, LI Zong-Wei, QIN Guang-Yong, LI Zong-Yi, TAN Zhong-Fang, DUAN Yu-Hang, HUO Yu-Ping
2007, 28(1):  161-164. 
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 With N+ ion implantation, a high-yield cyclodextrin glucanotransferase processing strain Bacillus sp.HA-1 was selected, with CGTase activity level 1.6 times of that of original strain. Its CGTase activity reached 6800IU/ml when cultivated for 24 hours in 5m3 fermentor. Using the CGTase to transform 25% tapioca starch intoβ-CD, the convertion rate in 12 hours is 85%. The CGTase activitise of F2~F20 are ranged from 98.11% to 102.66% as compared with F1, which proves that the genetic quality of B. sp. HA-1 strain is stable.
Preparation Study on Specific Egg Yolk Antibody against Endotoxin of Escherichia coli O157:H7
SONG Hong-Xin, LIU Xiao-Yang, CHENG Jun, LI Shu-Feng
2007, 28(1):  164-167. 
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Objective: To produce specific chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin against lipopolysaccharide(LPS), used for preventing and detecting E.coli O157:H7 in comparison with the immunity of LPS and O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP). Methods: Hens, 25-week old, were immunized with E.coli O157:H7, LPS, O-SP respectively after being emulsified with incomplete Freuds’ adjuvant. By a simple method of water dilute of protein IgY to separate the antibody from egg yolk, purified by ion-exchange chromatograph, the IgY detected by SDS-PAGE and indirect-ELISA, and its immunologic competence was determined by double immunodiffusion. Results and Conclusion:The IgY titers of E.coli O157:H7 are obtained with 600μg/ml LPS, 1200μg/ml LPS and 2000μg/ml LPS, as O-SP respectively 1:32000, 1:28000, 1:32000, 1:12000 and 1:40000. It is purified by ion exchanging with 0.185mol/L THS washing. The immunity of lipopolysaccharide and O-SP is strong. The IgY anti-OSP produced by immunizing hens shows high titer, high purification and well specificity by chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin. The results provide scientific basis for preventing and infection curing by O157:H7 and further ways exploring of detecting O157:H7 with specific anti-LPS IgY produced from hens.
Screeningα-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Coruns officinalis(I)
MA Qing-Yi, CHEN Li-Hua, YANG Hai-Yan, WANG Qing-Ling
2007, 28(1):  167-170. 
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In this experiment the crude eq-extracts and the components of polysaccharides, tannins, saponins and organic acids were obtained from Cornus officinalis by extraction, isolation and partial purification with yields respectively 9.60%, 2.00%, 2.40%, 0.75%, 4.10%. The results of enzymatic kinetics assays showed that all of the components have inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase except organic acids. Saponins and tannins showed better inhibition effect than double concentration of Glucobay. The experiment confirmed that Cornus officinalis is a good source of α-glucosidase inhibitors and Cornus officinaliss saponins and tannins may become promising candidates for blood sugar reducing function factors.
Study on Double-antibody Sandwich ELISA for Detecting E.coli O157 in Food
GE Cui-Cui, ZHONG Qing-Ping, ZHANG Wang, 欧Yang-Xin
2007, 28(1):  171-175. 
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In this paper, anti-E.coli O157:H7 IgY was purified, and the titer of 10mg/ml purified IgY was 1:320. The anti- E.coli O157:H7 IgG was available by injection New Zealand rabbit with E.coli O157:H7 antigen, and the titer was 1:25600.Together with the IgY and IgG specific to E. coli O157, a double-antibody sandwich-ELISA was developed with IgG diluted 3200 fold as the capture antibody, and IgY as the detection antibody. Besides, the results of cross-experimentation of sandwich-ELISA described: ① IgG coating in 37℃ for 2h, ② reaction of IgG with antigen in 37℃ for 2h, and ③ concentration of IgY as 0.25mg/ml, and reaction of IgY with antigen in 37℃ for 1h. The detection limit of this method is 105CFU/ml, and has no cross reactions with other bacteria. With enrichment procedure in 41℃ and 200 r/min, E. coli O157:H7 recovers well from inoculated food samples. The results showed that the samples are detected after being cultured 12h at 0.1~1CFU/g(ml) and 8h at 1~ 10CFU/g(ml) respectively.
Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acids by Lactobacillus. delbrueckii Mutation Breeding
GUO Yan, YU Guo-Ping
2007, 28(1):  176-179. 
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Original strain, Lactobacillus. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 1.1482 was mutated by ultraviolet radition and DES. Then a strain named 1616u, producing conjugated linoleic acid 1616u was obtained.The optimum conditions were found, original pH of culture material 5, culture temperature 37℃, and culture time 30h 11.61μg/ml is the highest with an average of 11.04μg/ml conjugated linoleic acid.
Study on Concentration of Peanut Protein Hydrolysis and Its Vitro-activities
WANG Ying-Yao, WANG Zhang
2007, 28(1):  179-183. 
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In this paper the peanut protein hydrolysates obtained with aqueous enzymatic process were concentrated by nanofiltration. At the conditions of pressure drop 0.9MPa and temperature 35℃, the protein concentration of the peanut protein hydrolysates is increased from 30.2 to 92.1g/L after 60min concentration. The reducing power, the antioxidative activity, the radical·OH and DPPH scavenging activities and the ACE inhibitory activity of the peanut protein hydrolysates were studied. The results showed that the peanut protein hydrolysates have the property of reduction, and the antioxidation in lecithin liposome system is very good. They have the function of both hydroxyl radicals activites and DPPH scavenging activities. The peanut protein hydrolysates have also the ACE inhibiting activity.
Study on Microstructure and Molecular Weight Distribution and Digestibility in vitro of Tartary Buckwheat Protein Hydrolysates
GUO Xiao-Na, YAO Hui-Yuan, CHEN Zheng-Xing
2007, 28(1):  183-186. 
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Tartary buckwheat protein consists of well-balanced amino acid with higher biological value, and it has some special physiological properties. In vitro pepsin digestibility assay showed that its digestibility was rather low. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to examine the microstructure of four protein fractions hydrolysates. The results showed that the four protein fractions were digested by pepsin with different patterns. Albumin and globulin are more digestible, since they are digested by being hydrolyzed from the outer surface to the inner part. Prolamin and glutelin were rather resistant to pepsin digestion because of their complex structure. High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the molecular weight distribution of the four protein fractions hydrolysates. The results revealed that the hydrolysates of albumin and globulin are composed of low molecular weight fractions, and the zymolysis is better. But the hydrolysates molecular weights of prolamin are rather variable because of its structure.
Study on Characteristics of Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) in Coprinus comatus
LI Jun-Lan, LI Yi-Hua, ZHAO Qiu-Ling, LIU Zhi-Fang, FENG Jiu-Hai
2007, 28(1):  187-191. 
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The characteristics of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of Coprinus comatus were studied by spectrophotometer, including its catalytic, characteristics the optimum temperature, the optimum pH, the thermostability of enzyme and so on. It was also studied the effects of the inhibitors EDTA-2Na, NaHSO3, ascorbic acid, and citric acid affecting the activity of PPO of Coprinus comatus. The results showed that the optimum conditions are: 45℃ and pH6.0 for PPO. However, the PPO is inactivated in 80℃ water for 5min, and is extincted in 95℃ water for 80s. Four kinds of inhibitors have different effects on PPO, and the ascorbic acid has the strongest effect, and next is citric acid, while NaHSO3 and EDTA-2Na have the weakest effects with the order of PPO as ascorbic acid>citric acid>NaHSO3>EDTA-2Na.
Study on Factors Affecting Formaldehyde Metabolism in Beer Brewing
LIN Xiao-Rong, REN Si-Jie, LI Wei, LIU Bei-Dou, LU Jian
2007, 28(1):  191-195. 
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Formaldehyde is produced by yeast metabolism. It is accumulated and then reduced during beer brewing. The peak value and valley value of formaldehyde concentration during beer brewing were employed to describe the formaldehyde accumulation and reduction in this paper. Results showed that: (1) Higher peak value was gained when the dissolved oxygen concentration is too high or too low in the wort. The optimal concentration of dissolved oxygen in wort for less formaldehyde accumulation is 12~13mg/L. Lower peak value or valley value is gained by brewing with lower generation yeasts inoculated. (2) The optimal inoculum size for less formaldehyde accumulation is about 2×107 cell/ml. (3)More formaldehyde is reduced with higher reduction temperature. (4)The original extract concentration in wort affects the formaldehyde metabolism. Higher original extract concentration results more formaldehyde accumulated during beer brewing. (5)It has little effect on the formaldehyde reduction by prolonging the reduction time.
Study on Preparation of Hemoglobin Hydrolysates with Combinative Enzymes
YU Mei-Juan, MA Mei-Hu, DAN Yang, WANG Fei-Xiang, HUANG Qun
2007, 28(1):  196-200. 
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Two differently-derived proteases were studied in this paper to compare the hydrolysis effects of hemoglobin with single enzyme and with combinative enzymes respectively. The effects of various factors on the enzymatic hydrolysis of hemoglobin and the possible relationship between degree of hydrolysis(DH) and the index of soluble nitrogen, and the recovery ratio of total nitrogen were also investigated. The results showed that the original pH7.5, temperature at 50~55℃, enzyme/ substrate ratio(E/S) 8000U/g, substrate concentration 8%, and hydrolysis time 8h are the optimum conditions for the hydrolysis. The freezing-dried product contains necessary amino acids 39.48%, and total amino acids 67mg/100g, while solubility within the range pH2~10 is over 95%.
Comparison Study on Extraction of Collagen from Porcine Skin by Different Enzymes
WANG Chuan, LI Yan, MA Zhi-Ying, 蓝Wei-Qing
2007, 28(1):  201-204. 
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This paper has studied the extraction of collagen from porcine skin by trypsin, papain and pepsin. There have been found to contain 24.59% protein, and 2.3% hydroxyproline, respectively of porcine skin. Collagen from porcine skin was extracted by three kinds of enzymes. After extraction it was purified further by dialyzing, condensing and lyophilizing. The results showed: Among the collagens extracted by three kinds of enzymes, the extraction rate of trypsin is the highest, but the structure of collagen is severely destroyed, while the structure of collagen by papain is the best, and also the whiteness was the highest among the collagens extracted, but the extraction rate is the lowest.
Expression and Bioactivities Study on IFN-IgG Fc Fusion Protein in Lactobacillus casei
GAO Xu-Wen, CHEN Hui, JIA Run-Qing, YAO Li-Hong, MA Chang-Wei, ZHANG Zhi-Qing
2007, 28(1):  205-208. 
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Expressing bioactive polypeptide by using gene modified LAB is one of the most popular researches in the world. It has a good potential to develop new functional food. IFN-α-2b and IgG Fc gene were PCR amplified and linked by a flexible hinge to code for a fusion protein IFN-IgG Fc. The fusion gene was cloned to pSC111 AE vector and electro-transformed into Lactobacillus casei ATCC393. We studied the biological activities of the expression product in vitro. The results showed that we can detect the fusion protein in the supernatant by Western-Blot. The results of ELISA showed that there is no effect on conformation and biological activity between the two proteins. We found that supernatant of recombinant LAB can introduce the antiviral activity in WISH cells and the anti-viral activity of the product is about 1.71×103IU/ml. The study laid a foundation for further use of modified LAB in the domains of food technology and drug development.
Study on Proteinse Activity and Protein Content in Corn during Germination
HAN Chun-Ran
2007, 28(1):  209-212. 
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Factors influencing the activity of proteinase in corn during germination were studied, and the molecular weight of soluble protein after corn germinating was determined by SDS-PAGE. The results showed that the proteinase activity is affected by moisture content, temperature, light and gibberellin acid (GA). The maximum activity of proteinase was obtained on the following conditions, moisture content 35%, temperature 30℃, gibberellin acid 30mg/L, natural light; after germination for 6 days, there were two obvious protein bands with the molecular weight lower than 20kD, the coleculare weight of band band c was 19.2kD and 18.2kD, respectively.
Study on Screening of Trehalose Synthase——Producing Strain and Identification
SHANG Hong-Li, CHEN Hong-Man
2007, 28(1):  212-215. 
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A strain of trehalose synthase—producing named SH-110 was isolated from the soil of hot springs of Changbai mountain.The study adopted TLC, DNS, HPLC in order to study the strain to produce trehalose synthase. Based on identifi- cation through its biological characteristics and physio-biochemical analysis, it is considered to be a variety of Bacillus sp.
Study on Fermented Citrus Fruit Vinegar
ZHOU Guo-Ping, WANG Fang-An, WANG Xiu-Yan, ZHU Wei
2007, 28(1):  215-218. 
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In the studies, pectin enzyme and fibred enzyme were used to hydrolysis the mixture of orange pulp and dregs. Through alcohol and acetic acid fermentation with the supplement of rice syrup, citrus fruit vinegar of 4.32g/100ml acidity was made with natural colors, soft sourness, good aroma and none bitterness of citrus after 5 days’ fermentation period.
Isolation and Initiative Identification of Microorganism from Traditional Fermentative Food-Jiangshui
ZHANG Yi, WANG Yu-Li, CHEN Xiao-Qian, ZHAO Ping
2007, 28(1):  219-222. 
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Microorganisms in traditional fermentative food-Jiangshui were isolated and purified. Through isolation and quantity measurement of the microorganisms ,we found that the dominant microorganisms during the process of the fermentation of Jiangshui are lactic acid bacteria and yeast, and also a few actinomycetes, fungi is polluting microorganism. 2 strains lactic acid bacteria, 3 strains yeast,1 strain actinomycete and 3 strains fungi were isolated from several sample. According to the colony forms and biology characteristics, 1 strain lactic acid bacteria was identified asL actobacillus,1 strain lactic acid bacteria asL eaconostoc;1 strain yeast was identified as Brettanomyces, 2 strains yeast as Cryptococcus and Schizosaccharomyces; 1 strain actinomycete was identified as Nocardia;1 strain fungi was identified as Penicillium, 1 strain fungi as As-pergillus.
Rapid Staining Technique of Protein in Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
WANG Jian-Hui, WANG Bao-Gang, JIANG Wei-Bo
2007, 28(1):  223-225. 
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A new method of rapid staining technique of protein in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is introduced in this paper. Hours for staining and elution by Coomassie Brilliant Blue are shortened by this technique. It concludes that water bath or microwave can enhance the effect of staining and decoloration.
Determination of GABA by Paper Chromatogram and Extract-spectrophotometry
WANG Jing, JIANG Bo, FENG Biao
2007, 28(1):  225-229. 
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An efficient and sensitive analysis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was described. The results showed that the minimum detection limit was 0.0176g/L. The standard curve for GABA showed good linearity over the concentration range of 0.3~10g/L. It indicated that the average recovery is 99.04% with a relative standard deviation of 2.376%. The method is sensitive, convenient and accurate, meeting the practical requirement.
Determination of Vitamin E and Sterols in Refined Products from Deodorizer Distillate by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
SHAO Ping, JIANG Shao-Tong, PAN Li-Jun, CHEN Xiao-Yan
2007, 28(1):  229-231. 
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A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of vitamin E and sterols has been established. Separation was carried out on a C18 column (Atlantics column) at 30℃ with mobile phase of methanol and water(96:4, V/V), and PDA detection for vitamin E at 292nm and for sterols at 205nm. The experimental results showed that there is a good linear relationship between the peak area and the concentration of components. The average recoveries and relative standard deviation were well showed. The results showed that the method is simple, rapid and accurate for determination of vitamin E and sterols ind eodorizerd istillate.
Determination of Methanol, Ethyl Acetate and Fusel Oils in Chinese Spirits by Capillary Gas Chromatography
CHEN Fa-He, WU Guang-Bin
2007, 28(1):  232-234. 
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A new method for the determination of methanol, ethyl acetate and fusel oils in the Chinese spirits by capillary gas chromatography was studied.It showed that the methanol, ethyl acetate and fusel oils contents are in good linearity (r>0.9954), with RSD value 1.1%~3.1%. The recovery rate is 91.7%~98.5%. The method for the determination of methanol, ethyl acetate and fusel oils in the Chinese spirits by capillary gas chromatography is simple,rapid and accurate.
Quantitative Determination of Several Kinds of Nucleotides in Dimocarpus longan Lour by HPLC
XIAO Wei-Qiang, HUANG Bing-Xiong, WANG Xiao-Rong, ZHANG Hui, DAI Hong-Fen
2007, 28(1):  234-237. 
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Objective: To determine the content of adenosine, uridine and adenine in Dimocarpus longan Lour. Methods: The HPLC method was used to determine respectively the content of adenosine, uridine and adenine in Dimocarpus longan Lour. The analysis was carried out on Nucleosil C18 column(250mm×4mm). The mobile phase was 0.01mol/L KH2PO4-CH3CN (92:8, V/V), flow-rate 1.0ml/min, wavelength 254nm and temperature 40℃. Results and conclusion: The method is simple and has a good linear relationship. The linear range of adenosine is 0.1~20.0μg/ml and gives a correlation of 0.9999.The recovery of adenosine is 94.59% and RSD 3.10%. The linear range of uridine is 0.05~10.0μg/ml and gives a correlation 1. The recovery of uridine is 97.49% and RSD 4.50%. The linear range of adenine is 0.05~10.0μg/ml and gives a correlation of 1. The recovery of adenine is 103.11% and RSD 1.90%. The method is easy to determine the content of several kinds of nucleotide in Dimocarpus longan Lour by HPLC.
GC Analysis of Fatty Acids in Black Sweet Corn Oils of Jilin, China
WANG Li-Xin, GAO Yun, GAO Wei-Jia
2007, 28(1):  237-238. 
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To study GC determination of fatty acid in black sweet corn oils of Jilin, China. The results showed that more than 10 peaks are separated and ten compounds representing 98.65% of the oil are identified. C18:2, C18:1, C16:0, C18:3 and C20:0 are the chief components and their relative contents exceed 55.17% ,30.29%, 11.51%, 0.50% and 0.30% respectively.
Determination of Fenpyroximate Residue in Orange by Matrix Solid-phase Dispersion and Liquid Chromatography
WANG Jin, YUE Yong-De, HUA Ri-Mao, TANG Feng, LI Xue-De, CAO Hai-Qun
2007, 28(1):  239-242. 
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A method was developed for the determination of fenpyroximate residue in orange samples based on matrix solid- phase dispersion(MSPD) and HPLC. The results showed that taking neutral alumina as a matrix dispersing agent, the fenpyroximate residue in orange samples is appropiate for MSPD extraction. Fenpyroximate is extracted with ethyl acetate and the extract is subsequently cleaned up on an alumina column.The fenpyroximate residue is determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.The limit of quantitation is 0.0625mg/kg. With orange pulp and orange peel spiked by fenpyroximate, covering the concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0mg/kg, the average recovery and relative standard deviations(RSD)of this method are 81.9%~96.3% and 3.73%~7.54% ,respectively.
Study on Determination Methods of Total Asterosaponins Content from Starfish
ZHANG Li-Xin, XUE Feng, ZHAO Ai-Yun, WANG Li-Na, LIN Wei-Hong
2007, 28(1):  243-246. 
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 To determine the total asterosaponins content from starfish, the photometric method was applied with 26% ethanol solution of vanillin and 75% sulfuric acid as color-forming reagents and pure Asterosaponin D262 as control standard. Various determination conditions were studied, and a quick, simple and accurate method was found. The interrelating coefficient of the standard curve is 0.99978. It was found that the total contents of asterosaponins from Asterias rollestoni and Asterias pectinifera are 0.0251% and 0.0313%, RSD 0.55% and 0.33% and average recovery rate 99.31% and 97.57%, respectively.
Rapid Determination of Dimethyl Fumarate in Food Poisoning by Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Method
HAN Zhou-Mi, LIN Jian-Yang, WANG Xi-Dan
2007, 28(1):  247-249. 
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Objective: To study whether dimethyl fumarate was the right substance that caused the food poisoning in Kaiyuan and the determination of its amount. Method: Dimethyl fumarate was abstracted from samples with enthanol, then centrifugated, analyzed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method. Result: A standard curve showing a direct ratio between the concentration and the peak area was obtained, r =0.9961(p<0.05). Dimethyl fumarate was detected in the three samples, as 0.26, 0.20 and 0.11mg/g respectively. Conclusion: It proved that dimethyl fumarate is the right substance that has caused the food poisoning. The method is precise and accurate. The preparation of sample is simple and the assay is quick. The method proves to be satisfactory in dealing with such emergencies.
Determination of Oligomeric Procyanidins in Grape Seeds with Flow Injection Chemiluminescence Inhibition
LIU Bu-Ming
2007, 28(1):  250-252. 
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To establish a flow injection chemiluminescence (CL) inhibition method for determination of Oligomeric Procyanidins in grape seeds.The flow line of the sample, CIO- was inserted into Luminol carrier solution.The mixed solution was led into the recorded. Oligomeric Procyanidins could inhibit the CL reaction of luminol-system in alkaline aqueous solution and the CL emission is inversely correlated with the Oligomeric Procyanidins concentration. The linear range is 0.008~19.0μg/ml with a detection limit of 0.005μg/ml and a relative standard deviation of 1.2%(n=11). The method is simple, rapid and can be used for determination of Oligomeric Procyanidins in grape seeds with a satisfactory result.
Matrix Solid Phase Extraction -HPLC to Determine in Oil Antioxidant
LIU Hong-Cheng, LI Qi-Wan, ER Zhu, LIU Jia-Fu, YANG Ting-Shu
2007, 28(1):  253-255. 
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An analytic method for simultaneous determination of BHA, BHT, TBHQ and PG in vegetable oil was developed by matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD). The sample was separated with high-performance liquid chromatography. The recoveries range of determination is 85.8%~94.3%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) is 2.1%~4.0%. The detection limits are 2 ng.
Determination of Chlorogenic Acid in Eucommia Ulmoides Olive Leaves by Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography
WAN Chun-Hua, NI Yong-Nian, LONG Zhou-Xiong, HU Hai-Shan, YAN Bing
2007, 28(1):  255-257. 
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The conditions for the extracting chlorogenic acid in the Eucommia Ulmoides Olive leaves were optimized by the orthogonal test as follows: continuous extraction by 30% methanol for 20 minutes; determined by RP-HPLC. The chlorogenic acid was seperated on kromasil C18 column, with CH3OH~0.02%H3PO4 (22:78) at a flow-rate of 1.0ml/min and detected at UV 327nm.The calibration curve was linear in the range of 9.68~242μg/ml (r=0.9999). This method is simple, rapid and accurate with good separation, and the recoveries are above 95.9%.
Content Determination of Sugar and Fiber in Watermelon by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
ZHANG Fan, WANG Qian, MA Zhi-Hong, XU Yong, HE Hong-Ju
2007, 28(1):  258-261. 
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In this article, the amount of sugar and fiber in watermelon was determined by NIRs(near-infrared spectroscopy). The correlation coefficient of chemical assay value vs. predicted value of sugar is 0.994.The correlation coefficient of chemical assay value vs. predicted value of fiber is 0.985.This method can be used for the rapid determination of watermelon quality.
Study on Determination of Total Flavonoids in Bee-Pollen
SUN Li-Ping, TIAN Wen-Li, ZHU Xiao-Li, DONG Jie
2007, 28(1):  262-265. 
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Flavonoids are widely studied in natural products because of their multifarious bioactivities to human body. The paper compared tree methods of determination and confirmed a method for quantitative determination of total flavonoids in bee- pollen by ployamide-UV spectrophotometry. The standard sample was rutin. The optimum determination wavelength was 360nm. The results showed that a good linear relationship (R2=0.9998) between OD and the concentration of analyte is obtained, within the range of 0.005~0.025mg/ml. The average recovery rate is 95.53%. The stability, precision and repetition are very good, with RSD 2.124%(n=3), 0.488%(n=3), 0.875%(n=5) respectively. The content of the total flavonoids in rape pollen is 1.54% by ployamide-UV spectrophotometry.
Study on Composition of Organic Acids in Domestic Beer for Comprehensive Evaluation
XIANG Yang, LI Qi, GU Guo-Xian
2007, 28(1):  266-270. 
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Organic acids in beer play a very important role in beer quality. The compositions of organic acids in 20 domestic beers samples were determined by HPLC. A new method of comprehensive evaluation of the beer with the contents of organic acids was proposed by applying the statistic methodology. The differences of organic acid contents in a number of beer samples can be more conveniently found out by this method with important significance for further study on organic acids in beer.
Method of Potassium Bromate Determination in Wheat Flour by Ion-pair RP-HPLC
WANG Jun, ZHANG Hui, ZHU Jian-Hua
2007, 28(1):  270-273. 
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A method of potassium determination bromate in wheat flour is described. The separation and determination were based on a Symmetry shieldTM RP18 column with UV detecter at 220 nm and methanol: liquid(48:52)of 0.004mol/L citric acid at 0.002mol/L hexadecyl- -trimethylammonium bromide as mobile phase. The calibration curve is linear in the range of 3.0~ 96.0mg/L and the detection limit is 0.1 mg/kg, while the recovery is 89.7%~103.6%.
Analysis of Organic Acids in Actinidia chinensis by Capillary Gas Chromatography
GAO Yun, ZHU Xiao-Lan, YANG Jun
2007, 28(1):  273-275. 
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 A method was developed for the quantitative analysis of organic acids in Actinidia chinensis by GC. The sample was etherified in 10% H2SO4-CH3OH, followed by extraction with CH2Cl2, and determined by GC. The results showed that method has high recovery(93.8%~102.3%), good correlation(0.9991~0.9998) and good reproducibility(RSD<5%). The main organic acids inA ctinidia chinensisa re:malic acid, citric acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid.
Study on Determination of Diacetyl in Dairy
吕Jia-Li , HAN Di, LI Cheng-Tao
2007, 28(1):  275-277. 
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According to the yogurt’s complex ingredients and the particular content of diacetyl, this article studied the determination of diacetyl in yogurt with ultraviolet spectrophotometer. In this technique, the boiled fresh milk instead of the distilled water as used to make the diacetyl’s calibration curve. The result has good reproductivity and little test error.
HPLC Method for Determination of Anilazine Pesticides Residue Limits of in Foods
LI Jian, LIU Ning, CHEN Ping, YAO Wei, JIN Long-Zhe
2007, 28(1):  278-281. 
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A better method was presented by adopting an external standard method of high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of Anilazine pesticides residue in foods. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water with a flow velocity of 1.0ml/min. The samples were detected by an UV detector at 250nm wavelength. The determination method RSD of Anilazine is 2.60%~4.80%and the recovery of Anilazine 90.50%~103.66%. This method is satisfactory for the determination of vegetable and grain residue of Anilazine.
A Survey of Choloropropanols in Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein (HVP) in the Retailer Outlets
FU Wu-Sheng-; Zhao-Yun-Feng-; Li-Jing-Guang-; Zhang-Lei-; 吕Hua-Dong-; Wu-Yong-Ning
2007, 28(1):  282-285. 
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A survey was carried out to investigate chloropropanols contamination of the selected hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP)products in the retailer outlets in China with the stable isotope dilution technique coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Results showed that levels of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) of HVP products are relatively high with a geometrical mean of 6.04mg/kg in liquid. Seventy percent of the products surveyed contained levels of 3-MCPD above 10mg/kg.
Study on Flower Volatile Chemical Compositions from Syringa oblata var.affinis Lingelsh.
吕Jin-Shun , ZHU Hui-Qin, ZHOU Jian-Feng, ZHU Qiao-Jun
2007, 28(1):  285-288. 
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The chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) techniques,compared with published literatures were employed to study the volatile constituents of Syringa oblate var.affinis Lingelsh. flower by steam distillation and direct adsorption. The results indicated that volatile constituents are different with different extracting methods. 27 compounds, obtained by the direct adsorption and 45 compounds, obtained by the steam distillation, are identified by GC-MS technique from the flower. The principle compounds by direct adsoption, the characteristic headspace volatile compounds of perfume and insect pheromone, are terpene, lilac aldehyde A-D, lilac alcohol A-D, farnesene ect by direct adsorption. And the other compounds by steam distillation, the characteristic compounds of other perfume and medicament, are terpene, phenylethyl alcohol, lilac aldehyde A- D,3 -hexen-1-ol,(Z),2 -methoxy-4-vinylphenol,2 ,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-,9 -Nonadecene, alkane ect.Byc ombining direct adsorption with steam distillation,it is a good and correct method for determining low volatile constituents of fresh flowers, used for headspace volatile perfume or other kind of perfume, insect pheromone and medicament.
Determination of Quercitrin in Urticage by HPLC
CAO Yan-Ping, YANG Xiu-Li
2007, 28(1):  288-290. 
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To establish a HPLC method for the determination of quercitrin in Urtica. Methods: The analysis was performed on C18 column (150mm×416mm, 5μm), the mobile phase was MeOH-0.2% H3PO4 (50:50) with a flow rate at 1.0ml/min and wavelength at 360 nm under room temperature. Results: There was a good linear relationship when the sample size of quercitrin was at a range of 0.40~2.00μg (r=0.9996), and the recovery was 96.88% with RSD at 1.68%. Conclusion: This method is simple, stable, fast, and reproducible and without the interference of impurity. It can be used for the content determination of quercitrin inU rtica.
Study on Aroma Constituents of Two Cultivars Orange Juice
ZHOU Hai-Yan, QIAO Yu, PAN Si-Yi
2007, 28(1):  291-295. 
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The aroma constituents of two cultivars orange juice were studied. During the analysis, simultaneous distillation- extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used, and 73 aroma constituents were identified. The result showed that esters, alcohols, aldehydes, alkenes and ketones were the major constituents. A total of 62 compounds were identified in the Jinchen orange juice, while 32 compounds were identified in the Miyagawa Wase orange juice. The contents and varieties of the aromatic constituents behaved differently in two cultivars orange juice. During the production process of orange juice, different orange juice should be considered to be combined together in a certain proportion, so that orange juice with higher quality can be produced.
Study on Inhibitory Effects of Spirulina platensis on Histamine Releasing from Sensitized Cells in vitro and in vivo
HUANG Zhi, HUANG Wei-Wei
2007, 28(1):  296-298. 
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Inhibitory effects of Spirulina platensis (SP) on histamine released from sensitized cells stimulated in vitro and in vivo were investigated using guinea pig allergic model administrated with allergen ovalbumin (OVA). Histamine was determined by OPT fluorescence spectrophotometry. Results showed that the releasing rates of histamine both in whole blood and in peritoneal mast cells (PMC) of allergic guinea pig decrease obviously (p < 0.05) with SP supplement. The cell number of basophil (BAS) and eosinophil (EOS) in peripheral blood decreases also. Present data suggest that SP supplementation in dietary can inhibit sensitized cell-mediateda llergic reactions.
Effect of Catechin Microcapsule on Total Antioxidation Competence in Rats with Nephritic Adriblastine Induced Syndrome
DANG Xi-Qiang, HE Xiao-Jie, YI Zhu-Wen, MO Shuang-Hong
2007, 28(1):  299-302. 
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Objective: To study the effect of catechin microcapsule on total antioxidation competence in rats with adriblastine induced nephritie syndrome. Methods: 60 female SD rats are random distributed as control group, nephritic syndrome group, glucocorticoid group, vitamin E group, catechin group and microcapsule group. Catechin microcapsule is made by the way of mist spray dehydration. Nephritic syndrome rats are caused by injecting adriblastin before rats are killed. Blood, urine, liver tissue and kidney tissue are collected.· OH concentration and total antioxidation competence are detected by biochemistry assay. 24h urinary protein excretions are detected by Comb’s bright blueness assay. Results: Total antioxidation competence of microcapsule group in serum, liver tissue and kidney tissue is higher than that of in catechin group(p< 0.01). ·OH concentrations of microcapsule group in liver tissue and kidney tissue respectively are lower than those of catechin group(p<0.05, 0.01 respectively). There is no marked difference in serum. 24h urinary protein excretion in microcapsule group is lower than that of in catechin group(p<0.05). Conclusion: Catechin microcapsule can successfully reduce 24h urinary protein excretion in rats of adriblastine induced nephrotic syndrome and may have achieved through enhancing total antioxidation competence and depressed ·OH concentration.
To Evaluate Mice Antifatigue Effects of Sport Beverage Made of Mung Bean
LIU Ai-Ping, GUO Hui-Yuan, PANG Kun, REN Fa-Zheng
2007, 28(1):  302-305. 
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The objective of this study is to evaluate the antifaigue effects of sport beverage made of mung bean. After single oral administration of the sample (0.2ml/10g dose) to mice by the gastric intubation, the weight- loaded swimming time of the mice is recorded. The fatigue indexes, including serum urea nitrogen, liver glycogen and serum lactic acid concentration of the mice are assayed. The results showed that the mung bean sport beverage can prolong the weight-loaded swimming time (p<0.01) and increase the reserve of liver glycogen. The mung bean sport beverage can restrain the accumulation of serum lactic acid level in mice while the animals take rest. It has no effect on the serum urea nitrogen concentration of the mice. All the results showed that the mung bean beverage shows obvious antifatigue effects.
Effects of Barley Green on Serum Lipid, MDA, SOD, ET-1 and NO of Hyperlipoproteinemia Rats
MAO Sun-Zhong, FAN Xiao-Fang, WU Xiao-Mai, GONG Yong-Sheng, YAN Zhe, HU Liang-Gang
2007, 28(1):  306-308. 
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To observe the effects of barley green on serum lipid and malonyldialdehede (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), endothelin-1(ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO). Thirty two rats were fed high fat diet to result in hyperlipidemia models. Then they were randomly divided into blank group(8NC), model group (8HF), BG-L group (treated by low dose barley green) and BG-H group (treated by high dose barley green). Changes of above laboratory indexes were observed. The level of serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), MDA and ET-1 of the groups given medicine was lower than that of the model group, while the level of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), SOD and NO of the groups given medicine was higher than that of the model. According to the results, barley green can modulate lipid metabolism, resist lipid peroxidation, improve vascular endothelium and prevent atherosclerosis.
Isolation and Identification of Saccharides from Armillaria mellea and Their Effects on Scavenging Oxygen Free Radicals
YANG Li-Hong, HUANG Qing-Rong, FENG Pei-Yong, JIANG Hua, CAI De-Hua, LIU Jing
2007, 28(1):  309-313. 
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The saccharides of Armillaria mellea were extracted by hot water and then deposited by ethanol. The DEAE cellulose column chromatography was used on saccharide purification after the protein was extracted with Sevage method. The results indicated that the saccharides are composed of Am-I, Am II, Am III, Am IV and Am V. The Sepharose CL-4B method showed that molecular weight of Am-I is 1.46×104 when Infrared Ray(IR)and Magnetic Resonance(NMR) assays showed that Am-I is glucopyranose(containsing glucuronic acid), mainly linked byβ(1-3)glucosidic linkage and β(1-6) glucosidic linkage. The pyrogallic acid autooxidation method assay indicated both saccharides and Am-I have anti-oxidant property.
Study on Stilbene from Roots of Polygonum multiglorum Thunb Antioxidant Activities in vitro
吕Li-Shuang
2007, 28(1):  313-317. 
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Stilbene glycosides were isolated from the EtOH extract of the roots of Polygonum multiglorum Thunb. Three fractions were obtained: the crude EtOH extract, the fraction by macroporous resin and the purity crystal stilbene. The structures of crystal were determined by HPLC-MS, NMR and X- diffraction analysis. The antioxidant activities of three fraction of stilbene isolated were evaluated with different antioxidant tests, including reducing power, the lipid peroxides inhibition, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging and hydroxyl radical scavenging respectively in vitro. These various antioxidant activities were compared with resveratrol. The results indicated that the antioxidant activities of the three fractions are very good, and crystal stilbene is even more efficient: DPPH IC50 8.06μg/ml; hydroxyl radical scavenging IC50 2.75μg/ml and superoxide anion radical scavenging IC50 0.57μg/ml. All are belter than resveratrol.
Preliminary Study on Pharmacological Activities of Exopolysaccharides of Phellinus igniarius
ZHENG Li-Jun, SHEN Ye-Shou, JI Jun-Qiu, LI Yi-Ming
2007, 28(1):  318-321. 
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 Objective and Methods: To study the anti-tumor effects of exopolysaccharides of Phellinus igniarius(PIEP), the effects of PIEP on the proliferation of tumour cell lines were assayed in vitro with MTT colorimetric method. Micronucleus tests in mouse bonemarrow polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) and sperm abnormalities tests were used to researrch antimutaiton induced by cyclophosph--amide(CP). The activities of superoxide dismulase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in serum and liver of traumatic mice were respectively assayed to study their effects on lipid peroxide. Results: PIEP can inhibit proliferation of tumour cell significantly: IC50 to HepG-2 and MCF- 7 were 194.42; and 261.56μg/ml respectively; at doses of 300, 600mg/kg bw, MN inhibition rate can reach 44.78% and 49. 63% respectively; in comparison with CP group, PIEP can reduce sperm abnormality frequency significantly (p< 0.01) and PIEP can increase the activity of SOD and decrease the content of MDA in serum and liver of traumatic mice distinctly. Conclusion: PIEP has significant anti-tumour activity and lipid peroxide resisting effects. It can also inhibit gene mutation of body cells and germ cells induced by CP.
Study on Hypotensive and Vasodilatory Effects of Celery Juice
TANG Fen-Fang, GUO Jun-Xia, ZHANG Jing, LI Jing, SU Meng
2007, 28(1):  322-325. 
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Objectives: The effects of celery juice on the SBP(systolic blood pressure) of RHR (renovascular hypertensive rats) and on the tension of the rat aortic rings were studied. Methods and Results: ① 60.3±18.1g/kg bw and 123.5±28.1g/kg bw celery juices were respectively administrated to RHR and SBP, the heart rates and body weight of rats were assayed once a week. After 6 weeks, compared with control group, the SBP of rats administrated different celery doses all decrease (p<0.05). ② Celery juice caused relaxation in rat aortic rings precontract with NE(norepinephrine) (3.0×10-7mol/L). By adding celery juice in advance, cumulative concentration-response points of rat aortic rings shift downward by CaCl2 and NE(p<0.05) while the points show no change by KCl (p>0.05). ③ In rat aortic rings, compared with that at 37℃, the relaxation extent of the rings heated at 70℃ for 20min does not change (p>0.05); however, when the rings were heated at 100℃ for 3min, the relaxation extent weakens significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: Celery juice can decrease the SBP of RHR and relax the rat aortic rings. And its vasodilatory mechanism may possibly inhibit the receptor operated channel (ROC) in smooth muscle. Hypotensive ingredi- ents of celery juice are heat-resistant to some extent and heating the rat aortic rings at 70℃ for 20min can not affect its vasodilatory fuction while that weakens significantly at 100℃ for 3min.
Food Safety Assessment on Concentrated Tea of Healthful Apocynum venetum Leaf
WANG Hai-Ming, CHEN Xiao-Zhen, TANG Xiu-Qiong, YIN Gang
2007, 28(1):  326-329. 
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 Objective: To investigate and assess the food safety of Apocynum venetum Leaf on human health which has not been tested yet . Methods: Food toxic safety assessments on the concentrated tea of Apocynum venetum Leaf for acute toxicity, genotoxic, teratology testing were tested by short period animal feeding trials strictly according to the national standard method. Results:Rat/mice acute oral toxicity of concentrated tea of Apocynum venetum Leaf both have showed LD50>10g/kg; Compared with control group, all of the Apocynum venetum groups have no genotoxic and teratogenic effect during micronucleus, teratospermia and teratotoxicity testing. Furthermore, no significant toxic physiological and biochemical effects are observed at the end of one month short period of rats feeding trials. Conclusion :The above toxic data suggest that the Apocynum venetum tea belong to non-toxic natural herb suitable to be exploited as preventive beverage for human cardiovascular health.
Study on Freezing Property and Characteristic Quality Changes of Ginger under Different Freezing-temperatures
DENG Jie-Hong, TAN Xing-He, PAN Xiao-Hong, LI Qing-Ming, QIN Dan, ZHANG Yu, WANG Feng
2007, 28(1):  330-332. 
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This article analysed the freezing properties of ginger while taking air as freezing medium by testing its freezing points under different low-temperatures.The impact of scalding and freezing velocity on the texture of products were also studied. The results showed that the temperature below -40℃ satisfies quick-freezing, while scalting process makes the freezing point rise but the freezing time spent on zone of maximum crystallization dose not change obviously while the temperature is below -40℃.
Changes According to Quality Assessment and Histamine Content of Marine Products during Storage
LAI Xiao-Ling, HE Zhi-Quan, CHEN Hua-Xu, XIAO Sheng-Hong
2007, 28(1):  333-336. 
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The quality of seven marine products was evaluated by assaying their histamine content when preserved under various conditions (cold, freezing, and room temperature, etc.). In comparing with cold storage, the increase in histamine content of sample was relative slow in the case of freezing. In case of storing in both room temperature and room temperature-saline water, however, the histamine accumulation and deterioration of samples are so fast that the products lose their edible quality quickly after 24h. Therefore, freezing method is ideally suitable for preservation of marine products.
Study on Changes of Biochemical Properties of Sciaenops ocellatus during Frozen Storage
HUANG Xiao-Chun, HOU Wen-Fu, YANG Wen-Ge, XU Da-Lun
2007, 28(1):  337-340. 
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The changes of biochemical properties of Sciaenops ocellatus during frozen storage were studied by measuring the salt-solubility of myofibrillar proteins, SH content, ATPase activities and freshness indexes together with pH value, sensory scores and total volatile basic nitrogen (T-VBN).The results indicated that during 12 days the salt-solubility of myofibrillar proteins, -SH content and the ATPase activities decrease 70.19%, 79.44% and 64.26% (Ca2+-ATPase activities), respectively. During the frozen storage, the pH value dose not change obviously, but the T-VBN value and the sensory scores change remarkably. T-VBN value gets up to 33.73mg/100g after 9 days, being in Ⅲ grade of freshness.
Review on Risk Analysis, Detection and Control of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Food
CHEN Rui-Ying, LU Jian-Zhang, SU Yi-Cheng, LIU Cheng-Chu
2007, 28(1):  341-347. 
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a halophilic bacterium occurs widely in marine water, sediment and seafood. This organism is recognized as a major cause of diarrhea associated seafood consumption throughout the world and is the most prevalent foodborne pathogen in China. To provide a better understanding of Vibrio parahaemolyticus food poisoning and reduce the risk of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections associated with seafood consumption, this article reviews the biological characteristics and virulence factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and discusses channels for infection, symptoms of illness, and methods for detection and reduction of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in foods.
Screening Test of Bacillus endospores
HAN Xue, ZHANG Lan-Wei
2007, 28(1):  347-350. 
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 Bacterial endospores are the most resistant living structures, known. Their high degree of resistance to many treatments (including heat and UV) is governed by their unique spore structure, these structure characteristics make spore survive pasteurization in raw milk. Thus, the presence of psychrotrophic, mesophilic and thermophilic Bacillus spp from bulk raw milk should be taken as one of the detection items, in order to well judge the quality of raw milk. This paper summarized all kinds of detection methods on spore, to provide a base for the fast detection of raw milk spore.
Research Progress on Trimthylamine N-oxide Demethylase
SONG Dan-Yang, ZHOU De-Qing, DU Yong-Fang, LIU Shu-Fang
2007, 28(1):  350-353. 
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TMAO demethylase(TMAOase or trimethylamine-N-oxide formaldehyde-lyase) has been proposed to be responsible for the formaldehyde synthesis and fish deterioration during frozen storage. The general advances were discussed on TMAOase activities associated with its distribution, detection, isolation, purification and enzyme characteristics in this article.
Research Progress Review on Microbial Glutamate Decarboxylase
YANG Sheng-Yuan, LU Zhao-Xin, 吕Feng-Xia , BIE Xiao-Mei
2007, 28(1):  354-360. 
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The research progress on microbial glutamate decarboxylase, including microbial sources, distribution, roles, enzyme properties, enzyme structure, and gene engineering, was reviewed. Besides, it’s prospects were also discussed in this paper.
Methods Review for Beer Spoilage Detection
ZHU Lin-Jiang, ZHENG Fei-Yun, LI Qi, GU Guo-Xian
2007, 28(1):  360-366. 
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The method for beer spoilage detection all has been adopted the conventional plate culture method in brewing industry. Nowadays, a rapid and simple detection method was required urgently with the brewing development. The research was focused on three fields: (1) ATP bioluminescence technique is increasingly used for hygiene control and microbial quality control in food industry and adopted to detect the spoilage of clear beer and finished beer for its rapid, simple and highly sensitive characteristics. (2) Immunoassay is a suitable method for detecting different samples of fermenting process. This method is specific, simple and easy for automation which in possible rapid detection of beer spoilages while the cost of producing monoclonal antibodies can be reduced greatly. (3) There is important detection development in the use of nucleic acid-based assays, especially with aspect to PCR techniques. Although PCR method was strongly specific and highly sensitive to be preferred by breweries, there are also a few problems such as quantification and distinguishing of dead cells from viable ones.
The New Technique for Preparation Aptamer of Binding Small Molecules Compound with High Specificity
YANG Jin-Yi, WANG Hong, PAN Ke, SUN Yuan-Ming
2007, 28(1):  369-369. 
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Now it is focus and nodus that identify and detection of mall molecules compound in the medicine and food safety field. Antibody show deficiency in detection of mall molecules compound, it is hope that the technique appearance of SELEX and Anticalin. The recent advances in the SELEX and Anticalin technique are reviewed.
Research Progress on Separation and Structure of Polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris
LIU Chun-Quan, SONG Jiang-Feng, LI Da-Jing, JIN Bang-Quan
2007, 28(1):  370-373. 
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Polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris are a kind of functional active components which have important physiological and pharmacological activities, and turn into one of research focuses. The latest research progress on extraction, separation and purification, structure analysis of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris has been summarized. The problems at present and the research direction for the future on polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris have been put forward.
Study on Food Security of Geographical Indications Supervised and Managed
LI Hua, WANG Zhao-Ke
2007, 28(1):  373-376. 
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Geographical Indications was one of seven intellectual property rights in WTO-TRIPS Agreement. It perfectly helped companies produce secure, ecological and traditional foods. GI in essential insured character and credit of food by way of control quantity and quality. However, that there were recently some serious affairs about GI foods badly destroyed brand of GI in China. The study was on base of guild management with the assistant of enterprises self-discipline. GI food enterprises or guild applied the favorable producing criterion and the safe control technology into food chains. They put the CS brand mind of GI food into practice, promoted the food system of tracing to origin and devised PMS bar code of two dimensions in supervising system of GI food in order to develop natural and traditional food feature. It was sure that they sincerely provide the best and the more secure GI foods to consumers.
Study on the Key Technology in the Processing of Natural Pumpkin Powder
XU Chun-Ying, QIAO Chang-Sheng, JIA Shi-Ru, YE Hong-Tao
2007, 28(1):  377-380. 
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The processing of natural pumpkin powder was optimized in this paper. Key technology in the processing, such as heat blanching, enzyme treatment, spray drying, superfine grinding was studied. Producing natural pumpkin powder in the optimum technics could retain the most natural quality of pumpkins, and realize full utilization of the eatable parts of pumpkins.
Preparation of Compound Yogurt Ice Cream Produced by Fermented Almond and Peanut
LI Shu-Gang, HOU Xu-Jie, ZHANG Na, YANG Bao-Qiu
2007, 28(1):  381-383. 
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By using orthogonal test, this paper focuses on the raw material of yogurt produced by almond, peanut and fresh milk, and then use the yogurt as the main material to develop the prescription of ice cream products. A new type of lactobacillus ice cream product was developed which has fermentable activity and unique flavor. Besides, this ice cream has a certain function in nutrition and health care and the content of its active lactobacillus reached 3.0×106CFU/g.