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Table of Content

15 March 2007, Volume 28 Issue 3
Study on Adsorbent Choice Used in Oil Bleaching Process
LIU Yue, LIU Yuan-Fa, WANG Xing-Guo
2007, 28(3):  25-29. 
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In this article we determinated the adsorption rate of oil bleached by different adsorbents at 475nm wavelength. From the isosteric adsorption values the bleaching effects of activated carbon were compared with different activated attapulgites wich three kinds of pore size distributions(C2, C3, C4). The adsorption characteristics of this new kind of absorbent- attapulgites used in this bleaching process were investigated. The results showed that activated attapulgites are better than the activated carbon in processing colors adsorption. At the same time, this article compared the specific surface area and pore size distribution of these different adsorbents to elucidate that the specific surface area only can’t decide the bleaching effect. The more the polarity of the adsorbents close to the color particles and the pore diameter of the adsortents similar to the molecular diameter of the adsorbate, the more adsorption happen.
Study on Identification and Anti-lipid Peroxidation Effects of β-cyclodextrin Inclusion of Chlorogenic Acid Extracted from Dandelion
SHEN Qi, WU Xiao-Hui, WANG Min, SHEN Xiao-Qing, REN Yong, WU Guo-Rong
2007, 28(3):  30-34. 
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On the basis of separation and purification of chlorogenic acid(CA) in dandelion,the β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) inclusion of CA and identification were studied in this paper. The comparison of the differences of the anti-lipid peroxide effects between CA and its inclusion(β-CD -CA) was carried out. The conditions of the chemical simulation, the clearing function on the form of superoxide anion(O·2) and hydroxyl radical(·OH), the inhibition on UV-induced hemolysis of red blood cell(RBC) and the increase of peroxide value(POV) and acid value(AV) of oil in the storge at high temperature of CA andβ-CA were evaluated in this paper too. The results showed that both CA and β-CA have clearing function on O·2 and· OH, and effective inhibition on UV-induced hemolysis of RBC. They can notablely stave the increase of POV value and AV value of oil. The antioxidative function ofβ-CD -CA was better than CA, and exceeded tea polyphenols (TP) which was commonly used as positive control drug in some aspect. The reason that the β-CD -CA has better antioxidative function may be due to the enhancement of stability after inclusion.
Study on Rheological Properties of Wheat Gliadin Solution
SUN Shao-Min, SONG Yi-Hu, CHEN Yao, ZHANG Qi-Bin, ZHENG Qiang
2007, 28(3):  34-37. 
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Rheological properties of wheat gliadin in 70/30 (V/V) ethanol/water solution were studied with coaxial cylinder viscometer. Effects of shear rate, concentration, temperature, and pH as well as crosslinking effects of calcium cation, glutaral-dehyde and n-dodecanethiol on solutions viscosities were investigated. The gliadin solutions behaved as newton liquid with the lowest viscosity at neutral pH. Viscosity of the solution increased with the addition of calcium cation and glutaraldehyde while the flow activation energy did not vary significantly. On the other hand, n-dodecanethiol introduced intermolecular crosslinking of gliadin, which was accompanied by a change in flow activation energy.
Safety Levels of Four Heavy Metals in Ruditapes philippinarum Culturing Water
QIAO Qing-Lin, JIANG Chao-Jun, XU Jie, CAI You-Qiong
2007, 28(3):  38-41. 
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The heavy metals accumulated by bivalve mollusks present risks to human consumers. Kinetic parameters were measured for bioconcentration of three heavy metals Hg, Pb, Cd by Ruditapes philippinarum with a kinetic model of two- compartment. It was shown that: biconcentration and elimination of heavy metals in shellfish occurred slowly and the stationary balance did not reach after 30d, while the biological half-lives of Hg, Pb, Cd range from 18~33d, and the bioconcentration factors (BCF) of Hg, Pb and Cd are respectively 1030, 935 and 378. According to safety consumption limits set by EC and China about Hg, Pb and Cd for Ruditapes philippinarum, safety levels of Hg, Pb, Cd in the culturing waters are achieved after equivalent calculation through BCF: Hg 0.0005mg/L, Pb 0.01mg/L and Cd 0.026mg/L respectively.
Effects of High Voltage Pulsed Electric Fields on Structural Characteristics of Soybean Protein Isolates
LI Ying-Qiu, ZHANG Wan-Zhong, CHEN Zheng-Xing
2007, 28(3):  42-46. 
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Effects of high voltage pulsed electric fields(PEF) on the structural characteristics of soybean protein isolates (SPI) were studied in this paper. The results indicated that at definite conditions, the changes of molecular weight, particle size and secondary structure of SPI are very small or almost do not occur during PEF treatment time 0~288μs. When treatment time is longer than 432μs, the molecular weight and particle size of SPI changes due to protein denaturation, and dissociation and reaggregation of subunits can form larger molecular aggregation by non-covalent interaction. But the secondary structure of SPI has little change.
Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Postharvest Grapes Berry Firmness
DENG Yun, WU Ying, LI Yun-Fei
2007, 28(3):  46-49. 
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The effects of temperature and relative humidity on berry firmness of grapes were studied, and the prediction model for firmness loss was developed on the basis of enzyme kinetics. After the temperature, relative humidity and water vapor pressure differential (WVPD) were introduced into this basic model, the agreement between predicted and experiment values of firmness loss model is found to be satisfactory. The mean relative percentage error and determination coefficient are 4.72% and 0.93601, respectively.
Effects of Stunning Voltages on Meat Quality of Rabbit
XIONG Guo-Yuan, ZHU Xiu-Bai, XU Xing-Lian, SHI Shuai, TANG Xiang-Ming
2007, 28(3):  50-54. 
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The meat quality was studied after rabbit stunned in 100V(voltage) or 75, 65, 55V electrical stunning voltage and manual stunning(stick stunning as control group). The results showed: There is not significant difference between the effects of meat pH with different stunning voltages(p>0.05), but the rabbit pHLD1(the rabbit longissimus lumborum muscle pH for 1 hour after slaughter) is of significant difference between 75V and 100V electrically stunned groups. The difference is not significant about the effects of different stunning voltages on rabbit LD muscle of color L* value(lightness), a* value, b* value and rabbit BF (biceps femoris) muscle of color L* value or a* value for 1 hour after slaughter. 24 hours after slaughter, the muscle color of 75V electrically stunned group is fresh red, but 100V electrically stunned and manual stunned groups are pale. The drip loss of 100V electrically stunned group is the highest (3.738%), while the drip loss of 75V electrically stunned group is the lowest(2.420%). The cooking loss of 100V electrically stunned group is the highest, while that of 55V electrically stunned group is the lowest and 75V electrically stunned group is in-between. The tenderness of 75V electrically stunned group is best, while that of manually stunned group is the worst.
Food Powder Flowability Fractal Testing Method
HU Da-Wei, HU Xiao-Fang
2007, 28(3):  55-58. 
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Food powders’s particle size distribution fractal dimension could well express the food powders’ particle size distribution. Through establishing the mathematics model to calculate the particle size distribution fractal dimension of the food powders’ appropriate to the digital micrograph’s, the relationship between the food powder’s flow parameters and food powder’s particle size distribution fractal dimension was discussed. The results showed that the food powder’s particle size distribution fractal dimension can denote the flowability of the powder perfectly. There is the obvious correspond relationship between the flowability denotation parameters and the fractal dimension. So it forms a new testing method, which can measure the food powder’s fluidity compactly and reliably.
Study on Synergetic Killing Effects of Mild Heat Treatment and High Hydrostatic Pressure on Bacillus Spores
GAO Yu-Long, JU Xing-Rong, WU Ding
2007, 28(3):  59-63. 
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Synergetic killing effects of mild heat and high hydrostatic pressure on Bacillus spores were studied with colorimetric assay. The results indicated that the rates of leakage of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid from spores of B.subtilis and B. stearothermophilus treated with mild heat and high hydrostatic pressure are increased significantly (p<0.05). Under several treatment groups (at 50, 60, 70℃ and 550, 600MPa), DPA leakage of spores of B.subtillis and B.stearothermophilus is not different strongly from control group (121℃, 30min) (p>0.05), and structures of spores are destroyed completely, while permeability barriers of spores are demolished. Damage of physical structure of spores is probably the reason for the mild heat and high hydrostatic pressure-induced inactivation of spores of B.subtillis and B.stearothermophilus.
Study on Stability of L-ascorbyl Stearate and D-isoascorbyl Stearate in Ethanol
ZHENG Da-Gui, XIAO Zhu-Ping, YE Hong-De
2007, 28(3):  64-67. 
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The remaining ratio of L-ascorbyl stearate or D-isoascorbyl stearate in ethanol is measured by iodimetry to investigate their stability. The stability of L-ascorbyl stearate or D-isoascorbyl stearate in ethanol decreases when the solution is exposed to light or contained metal ion. The L-ascorbyl stearate and D-isoascorbyl stearate become more and more unstable as the solution temperature increases. Metal ion chelating agent EDTA and cane sugar can also affect their stability. In generally, L- ascorbyl stearate is more stable than D-isoascorbyl stearate under the same circumstances.
Study on Ultraweak Bioluminescence Characteristics of Tomatoes with High Pressure Processing
XU Shu-Lai
2007, 28(3):  67-70. 
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In this paper, the ultraweak bioluminescence characteristics of the tomatoes by high pressure processing (HPP) had been studied and the ultraweak bioluminescence intensity changes of the tomatoes after HPP bad been tested during preservation. The results showed that varying pressure values and different time periods can decrease the tomatoes’ ultraweak bioluminescence intensity and the HPP tomatoes can be preserved with longer time. This study revealed that the activities of tomatoes processed by high pressure provide the basis for studying the mechanism of preserving vegetables by high pressure.
Optimization of Salidroside Slow Release Microcapsules Manufacturing Process Based on Genetic Algorithm
ZHAO Wu-Qi, YIN Yong-Guang, CHOU Nong-Xue
2007, 28(3):  70-72. 
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The artificial neural network (ANN )model for Salidroside microcapsules was optimized by using genetic algorithm (GA) in the light of establishing fitness function, selecting coding method and determining genetic parameters. The highest performance, 14% greater than the biggest in experiments, is obtained when the ratio of alginate weight to Salidroside weight is 2, alginate concentration 3%, chitosan concentration 0.5%, calcium chloride concentration 1% and pH value 6.35. It is a practical method to optimize the ANN model by using GA.
Fractionation and Structure of Polysaccharides of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch gum
LIU Dun-Hua, GU Wen-Ying
2007, 28(3):  73-76. 
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The polysaccharides of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch gum were graded into water-soluble polysaccharide (AG1) and water-insoluble polysaccharide (AG2) with 0.1mol/L NaOH AG11 and AG12 were obtained with ion-exchange method from AG1, shown to be homogeneous by gel filtration chromatography. AG2 contains glucose predominantly, and also uronic acid. AG11 and AG12 contains arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose predominantly and respectively, and also uronic acid. The molecular weights of AG11 and AG12 are 8.63×105Da and 3.46×105Da respectively. The structure of AG11, AG12 and AG2 contains pyranride and has the characteristic of glycoconjugate. The polysaccharides of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch gum were graded into water-soluble polysaccharide (AG1) and water-insoluble polysaccharide (AG2) with 0.1mol/L NaOH AG11 and AG12 were obtained with ion-exchange method from AG1, shown to be homogeneous by gel filtration chromatography. AG2 contains glucose predominantly, and also uronic acid. AG11 and AG12 contains arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose predominantly and respectively, and also uronic acid. The molecular weights of AG11 and AG12 are 8.63×105Da and 3.46×105Da respectively. The structure of AG11, AG12 and AG2 contains pyranride and has the characteristic of glycoconjugate.
Study on Biosynthetic Pathway of Antibiotic Monascus Pigments
ZHU Lei, CHANG Hui-Ping, WEI Bing, TANG Xin-Yun, LI Kun-Yang
2007, 28(3):  77-79. 
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Feed stimulating experiments were used to confirm precursors of monascus pigments. Different amino acids and branched fatty acids effects on monascus pigments production were investigated. The results showed that the amino acids and branched fatty acids, such as valine, isoleucine, methionine, glutamine, acetate, propionate can act as precursors and stimulate pigments biosynthesis. Besides, these compounds have the same character that all can be transformed to precursors of polyketide biosynthesis. So the polyketide pathway is presumed to be the main biosynthetic pathway of antibiotic monascus pigments.
Study on Essential Oil Chemical Constituents from Leontopodium haplophylloides
GUO Shu-Xian, WANG Dong-Mei, LIU Feng-Qin, ZHOU Jin-Song, WEI Mei-Qin
2007, 28(3):  80-82. 
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The main distribution of Leontopiodium haplophylloides Hand-Mass is found grown in the west China or Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu provinces. The essential oil and extractum are extracted from its stem, leaf and flower by steam distillation and solvent extraction. According to the analysis, it contains 0.1003% essential oil and 0.74% extraction in average. The chemical constituents of this essential oil have been identified by GS-MS. 22 kinds of components were separated. The main compounds are guaiacol, 3,7,11-trmethyl-1-ol-doclecatrien -2,6,10, vanillyl formate, diacidbenzene (2-ethylmethoxyl) diester, hexadecane acid, gurcumene, tricyc1oheptene, linalool, phenylethyl benzcate , ethylbenzyl carbinol, geranial, vanilly1alcohol etc. The aroma type of the plant has also been identified, as Qinglinghua aroma which is delicate, sweet and rare. It is very valuable in daily chemical and food industry. The plant will be a new raw materials source of nature perfume.
Study on Extraction and Identification of Rose Petals Red Pigment
CAO Shao-Qian, WANG Ke-Xing, PAN Si-Yi
2007, 28(3):  82-84. 
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In this paper, the red pigment of rose petals was extracted and identified by color test, IR (infra red) and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). The results showed that the red pigment is a kind of anthocyanin. It can be used as an additive with activity function.
Study on the Absorption and Purification of Black Soya Bean Red Pigment by Macro-Porous Resin YWD-01
LIU Dai-Lin, DONG Jin-Quan, WANG Mei, GAO Yu-Ying, LIU Dan, YU Hong-Jian
2007, 28(3):  85-88. 
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Objects: Study on the absorption and purification of black soya bean red pigment by macro-porous resin. Methods: The influence factors on the absorption and desorption of YWD-01, such as temperature, acidity and concentration of alcohol were tested. Results: In the six types of macro-porous resin which were tested, the absorption ability of YWD-01 is the best. At pH3 YWD-01has greatest absorption ability. The higher the temperature the faster the absorption. When the concentration of alcohol is 50%, the desorption is most effective. Conclusion: The black soya bean red pigment of high quality can be afforded through the absorption and purification by macro-porous resin YWD-01.
Effects of Mulberry Leaves on Performance of Hen Laying and Eggs Quality
ZHANG Xiao-Mei, REN Fa-Zheng, GE Ke-Shan
2007, 28(3):  89-91. 
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In this experiment, 100 China agricultural university dwarf layers of 285 daysage were selected and randomly allocated into 5 groups. Mulberry fodders of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% were respectively added to the diet. The trial period lasted 30 days so as to determine the egg quality. The results revealed that yolk color and Haugh units can be improved significantly and egg shell thickness, index of egg shape and egg shell strength can also be improved by incorporation of mulberry fodder in layers mash
Study on Transfer Properties of Nutriment in Complex Fiber
ZHANG Shao-Ying, GAO Jing-Yu, WANG Xiao-Lan
2007, 28(3):  92-95. 
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The complex sol containing solid phase matter 5g/200ml is compounded with mixture combined with soybean insoluble fiber(SIF) and guar gum in 2:3. The structure of the complex sol is observed and analyzed with scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The matter transfer test is simulated at assimilating nutriment model in body. The transmissibility of glucose, VC, K+ in sol is measured. On the test condition, the transmissibility of glucose in the complex sol is no more than 50% of that in the sol of SIF or guar gum. The stagnate effect of complex sol for K+ is more than for VC.
Study on the Modification of Chitosan Keeping Films with Nano-SiOx,Glycerel Monostearte
WANG Ming-Li, ZHAO De-Gang, CHEN Ru-Cai, SHEN Dan, LIU Jing
2007, 28(3):  96-99. 
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Chitosan were modified and characterized by adding nano-SiOx .The results showed that a great deal of hydrogen bonds formed among chitosan composite films and large amount of hydroxyl groups occurred on the surface of silicon dioxide noparticles. And also it was found that the keeping effect, optical trasmittance, water permeability, mechanical properties and the likes of the films were improved and increased obviously.
Study on Extraction of Capsaicinoids from Capsicum frutescens L.with Cellulase Enzymolysis
DONG Xin-Rong, LIU Zhong-Hua, GUO De-Yin, LI Yu-Hong, XIE Da-Ping
2007, 28(3):  100-103. 
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In this paper, a new technology, extracting capsaicinoids from Capsicum frutescens L. with cellulase is studied. Some affecting factors, such as enzymatic hydrolysis temperature, pH of the enzyme solution, the time of enzymatic hydrolysis and the amount of enzyme on extraction of capsaicin are optimized. The optimum parameters are: enzyme solution pH5.3, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 40℃, enzyme 10mg/g and time of enzymatic hydrolysis 3 hours. The extractive efficiency is 7% more than that of traditional extract with ethanol comparatively.
Study on Properties of Acorn Starches by Moist Heat Treatment
XIE Bi-Xia, ZHONG Qiu-Ping, LI An-Ping, WANG Sen, LI Qing-Ping
2007, 28(3):  104-106. 
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This paper discussed the results of the contrastive study among the viscosity, the translucent rate and retrogradation properties of acorn starch with respect to moist heat treatment. The results indicated: First, the temperature of moist heat treatment has very distinct effects on the viscosity of the starch, and it has different effects on different species acorn starches as well. Moist heat treatment can reduce the viscosity of acorn starch, so the higher the temperature, the more the viscosity will reduce. Second, moist heat treatment has some effects on the translucent rate of acorn starch. It has less effect on the acorn starch translucent rate in low temperature, but has great effect on the acorn starch translucentrate in high temperature. That is, the translucent rate, rapidly increases with the temperature rising. Thirdly, moist heat treatment has very significant effects on the retrogradation property of acorn starch. The higher the temperature, the worse the retrogradation property of acorn starch will be.
Comparative Study of Different Clarification Methods in Tea Comprehensive Processing
XIAO Wen-Jun, LIU Zhong-Hua, GONG Zhi-Hua, XIAO Li-Zheng
2007, 28(3):  107-109. 
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The yield rate of effective component and physical characteristic indexes to value the clarification levels of tea infused liquid, the clarification effects of tea infused liquid by centrifugation, paper pulp filtration, air pump filtration, 0.2μm micro- filtration, 0.05μm micro-filtration and 0.8μm micro-filtration were studied on pilot-scale experiment. The analogy analysis of different clarification methods was also studied in order to give data references for tea comprehensive processing industry. The results showed that there is significant difference between the micro-filtration and paper pulp filtration, air pump filtration, centrifugation. Among them, 0.2μm micro-filtration and 0.05μm micro-filtration, paper pulp filtration and air pump filtration have the similar clarification characteristics under the corresponding type. Micro-filtration clarification excels the methods of paper pulp filtration, air pump filtration and centrifugation. Under the same operating parameters of micro-filtration , 0.2μm micro- filtration clarification is the best method of clarification.
Study on Extraction Technology of Total Flavonoids Contents in Pomegranate Flower
SA Ti-Wa-尔Di, AI Ke-Bai-尔, AI Lai-Ti, RE Yi-Mu, A Bu-Du-La-·A-Ba-Si
2007, 28(3):  110-112. 
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Pomegranate flowers contain flavonoid compounds. In this test the total flavonoids contents are assayed by using spectroscopic methods with rutin as a standard. The results showed that the optimum extracting conditions are 45% ethanol with 1:60 solid liquid ratio and heated at 60℃ for an hour. The results can provide important theoretical basis for exploitation of pomegranate resources.
Study on Optimization of Formulation and Preparation of Coenzyme Q10 Nanoliposomes
XIA Shu-Qin, XU Shi-Ying, ZHANG Xiao-Ming
2007, 28(3):  112-117. 
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The optimal formulation and preparation techniques of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) nanoliposomes were investigated. The nanoliposomes were prepared with ethanol injection and sonication method. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), retention rate (RR), average particle size (D0.5) and average particle size change (△D0.5)of CoQ10 nanoliposomes were taken as criteria,and the optimization of the formulation and preparation techniques of CoQ10 nanoliposomes were achieved by orthogonal array design. The optimum formulation consisted of phospholipid/cholestero/Tween 80/CoQ10 (2.5:0.4:1.8:1.2, W/W) with phosphate buffer solution (pH7.4, 0.01 mol/L) as hydration media. The optimum preparation parameters are as follows: ethanol (1ml), hydration time (10min), hydration temperature (45℃) and sonication power (450W). The CoQ10 nanoliposomes employing the optimal formulation and preparation parameters have homogeneous shape with particle sizes ranging from 20nm to 300nm, and with D0.5 about 68nm. The EE of CoQ10 nanoliposomes is greater than 95% with RR higher than 90 % and △D0.5 lower than 10% after stored at 4℃ for three months. The optimized formulation of CoQ10 nanoliposomes is reasonable in prescription, practicable in techniques, high in encapsulation efficiency and good in stability.
Optimization of Total Flavonoids Extraction from Ginkgo biloba Leaves by Enzymatic Hydrolysis Using Response Surface Methodology
WANG Min, LU Zhao-Xin, 吕Feng-Xia , BIE Xiao-Mei, JIANG Yong-Hong
2007, 28(3):  117-121. 
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The technology of total flavonoids extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves by enzymatic hydrolysis was studied. Based on single factor test, the effects of the concentration of enzyme, pH value, temperature and time of enzymatic hydrolysis on the extraction yield of total flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba leaves were stuied by response surface methodology (RSM). The results indicated that cellulase shows the better ability of enzymatic hydrolysis. The optimum conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis are: :100U/ml concentration, 116min time, 40℃ and 4.5 pH value. The highest yield of total flavonoids was 2.63%. Comparing with single extraction with alcohol, the total flavonoids yield increase by 30%.
Ensure Safety of Red Kojic Rice Powder by Means of Radiation Technology
YANG Zong-Qu, ZHU Jun, SONG Wei-Dong, WANG Shun, LI Ai-Mei, CHEN Hai-Jun, ZHOU Jie
2007, 28(3):  121-124. 
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The effects of radiation sterilization of red kojic rice powder sold in domestic market were studied. The indices of sensory organ, nutrition and microbe level of irradiated red kojic rice powder were tested. It showed that the microorganism in red kojic rice powder can be killed effectively by γ-rays of more than 6 kGy while there is no significant difference in the sensory organ index and nutritional composition of red kojic rice powder between irradiated and non-irradiated powder. However, irradiationcan result in chroma decrease of red kojic rice powder. The effects of commercial application indicated that the hygienic quality of irradiated red kojic rice powder in radiation dose between 6~8 kGy is superior and the rate of chroma loss is less than 2%.
Study on PVPP Adsorption Behavior to Polyphenols and Application in Beer Production without Formaldehyde
LU Jian, LIN Xiao-Rong, LI Wei, CAO Yu, REN Si-Jie, SUN Jun-Yong
2007, 28(3):  125-130. 
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PVPP adsorption behavior to beer polyphenols was studied. Factors affecting PVPP adsorption including the contents of HA(hyaloplasm acid) protein, alcohol concentration and pH were also assayed. The results showed that the adsorption effects ares improved by removing part of the HA protein with silica gel. The adsorption effects are optimal at pH 4.0, 3%(V/V)alcohol concentration. HPLC analysis showed that PVPP has a selective adsorption to polyphenol polymers at low PVPP dosage, but the same result is not found at high PVPP dosage, while the concentrations of simple polyphenols and monomers sharply decrease. Comparing to formaldehyde, PVPP and Silica gel provide beer with better nonbiostability and flavor stability.
Study of Soluble Chitosan on Settling of Cili Juice Clarification
WU Hui-Fang, ZOU Suo-Zhu, CHEN Xue
2007, 28(3):  131-134. 
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The effects of Cili juice (Rosa roxburghii Tratt) settled by chitosan were analyzed and the changes of main components of Cili juice before and after the fast settlement were determined. The results showed as following: (1) The transparency of settled juice is over 95%, and losses of VC and SOD are respectively below 2%. (2) Removal rates of pectin and tannin causing the secondary precipitation and browning are 100% and 40% respectively. The methed is proved to be better than enzyme reaction and gelatin settlement, through this advanced and practical test.
Study on Application of Cecropin-XJ from Xinjiang Silkworm in Tomato Juice Processing
ZHENG Li, LI You-Guang
2007, 28(3):  135-139. 
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The paper made a main research about the heat-resisting characteristic of cecropin-XJ isolated from Xinjiang Silkworm to find its, minimum concentration to kill microorganism, and its solubility and effects on restraining microorganism in different pHs. Furthermore, adding it into tomato juice as processing ingredients by orthogonal test to obtain the optimum conditions of processing, the results showed that it enhances the sterilization strength and improves the quality of tomato juice and provides guidance for industrial production.
Controlled Release of Inclused Allyl Isothiocyanate at Various Relative Humidities
LI Xue-Hong, JIN Zheng-Yu
2007, 28(3):  139-142. 
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In this paper allyl isothiocyanate(AITC) was included by β-cyclodextrin to form a solid powder and the controlled release property of AITC from the inclusion complexes was studied. The results showed that the release rate of AITC from the β-CD-AITC complex is correlated with environmential relative humidity(RH) and the release time-courses of the complex fit well to the Avrami equation. The release reaction of CD is a dynamic equilibrium process and there is AITC equilibrium concentration in the headspace above CD-AITC complex in a sealed system.
Microwave Extraction of Triterpene Glucoside from Luohanguo
LI Hai-Bin
2007, 28(3):  143-147. 
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Luohanguo(Siraitia grosvenorii) is a special agricultural product in Guangxi province. In the present study, a new method of microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) has been used to extract triterpene glucoside from Siraitia grosvenorii. Various experimental conditions, such as microwave radiation time, microwave power, liquid/solid ratio and grinding degree of material were investigated. Optimal conditions of MAE of triterpene glucoside were determined as: duration of microwave radiation 5min, microwave power 495W, size of raw material less than 0.15mm, and ratio of liquid to solid 30:1. Comparing with conventional heating extraction, MAE of triterpene glucoside from Siraitia grosvenorii showed advantages of less time and high extraction rate. The time used with MAE is only 5 min with 76.56% extraction rate, while the conventional extraction method took two hours with about 68.46% extraction rate. This novel method is suitable for fast extraction of triterpene glucoside from Siraitia grosvenorii.
Optimization of Htdroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Preparation Process by Response Surface Method
YUAN Chao, JIN Zheng-Yu
2007, 28(3):  147-151. 
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The parameters of preparing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin were optimized. The ranges of reaction temperature, reaction time and dialysis time were confirmed through single factor experiment, then a response surface method was conducted to get the following optimal parameters: reaction time 16.05h, reaction temperature 31.06℃ and dialysis time 7.41h. The degree of substitution (DS) and recovery prepared under optimal parameters respectively are 4.10 and 61.80%.
Lactic Fetmentation Study on Actinidia planch Juice
WANG Xiao-Qing, WANG Yu-Yuan, ZENG Xiao-Xiong
2007, 28(3):  151-154. 
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The Lactobacillus-bulgaricus and Lactobacillus-thermophilus(the ratio is 1:1) has been used to ferment the Actinidia planch juice. The fermentation factors have been studied:the ratio of sucrose to additives and the amount of the bacterium and skim milk. After the experiments the optimal fermentation conditions have been obtained by way of orthogonal test: inoculate 4%, sugar 10%, Actinidia planch juice:skim milk=1:12, geltin 0.25% and color fixative 0.20% ascorbic acid. Sterilizated at 83℃, 30min and fermentated at 42℃ 6h.
Study on Processing Technology of Beef Flavor-Loaded Nanocapsules
XIAO Zuo-Bing, YE Lin, ZHANG Su-Ning, WANG Jin, LI Ye-Cheng
2007, 28(3):  155-157. 
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On the base of using chitosan and tripolyphosphate as the carriers, the preparation of beef flavor-loaded nanoparticles was studied by adopting ionic gelation method and spray-drying technology. The optimal technical parameters were concluded and the products were tested by TEM, DLS and UV. It showed a good result of stable odor and particle size distribution.
Study on Effects of Emulsifier and Stabilizer on Quality of Soft Ice Cream
LIU Mei-Sen, HE Wei-Ping
2007, 28(3):  158-163. 
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The effects of emulsifier(molecular distilled monoglyceride)and stabilizer(guar gum) on the quality of soft ice cream were studied. The rigidity, melting resistance property and overrun of soft ice cream were also studied as significant indices. The results from the variation of these indices showed that there is a dualistic effect of emulsifier. It was found that 1.2% of emulsifier was the optimum dosage. The influence of stabilizer on melting resistance property is a positive correlation, but there is also a dualisitic effect of stabilizer on overrun. The stabilizer gives the optimum effect on overrun when the optimum dosage of stabilizer is 0.8%, while higher or lower than 0.8% will result in a reduction of the overrun.
Research on Synthesizing Maltitol Stearic Acid Ester
ZHANG Hao, JU Xing-Rong, PENG Dong-Mei
2007, 28(3):  163-165. 
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Maltitol stearic acid ester was synthesized by condensation of maltitol with stearoyl chloride in the presence of the catalyst and with acetic acid as solvent. Effects of catalyst and solvent amounts, reaction temperature and time, and molar ratio of stearoyl chloride to maltitol were assayed. The optimum conditions of the synthesis are determined.
Study on Solubility Stability of Cocoa Beverage
YIN Lu-Qin, WANG Zhang, XU Shi-Ying
2007, 28(3):  166-170. 
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Cocoa powders are not stable in beverage. Though the enzymatic treatment could improve it, but could not solve it completely. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was found to be the best stabilizer, whereas the Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), xanthan gum and sodium alginate could be synergic. And the optimal dosages are 0.3% MCC, 0.03% CMC and 0.01% xanthan gum. It was found that the most suitable emulsifier is the mixture of PV-1(Pharmacopoeia cellulose) and sucrose fatty acid esters (SFAE) with HLB 5 the dosage 0.1%.
Isolation and Indentification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains with Higher Yield of Exopolysaccharide
PAN Dao-Dong, WU Ling
2007, 28(3):  171-174. 
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Sixteen strains of lactic acid bacteria have been isolated and purified from the mixed starter, and the OD value and colonies measured after 12 hours liquid culture at 40℃. The pH, viscosity coefficient and content of exopolysaccharide of yogurt made from these lactic acid bacteria strains were assayed. Two strains of lactic acid bacteria of the highest yield of exopolysaccharide are screened. They are identified by API bacterial identification system as Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis and Pediococcus.
Optimization of Agar Diffusion Bioassay for Nisin
ZHANG Guo-Zhi, CHEN Lin-Hai, YANG Tian-You, CHEN Hong-Wei, WANG Li-Min, DUAN Yu-Hang, QIN Guang-Yong
2007, 28(3):  175-178. 
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The four major factors agar, Tween20, culture temperature and pre-diffusion, affecting the agar diffusion bioassay for nisin were studied. The results showed that when agar concentration is 0.75%, the addition of Tween20 0.5%, and the culture temperature 30℃, the accuracy and sensitivity of agar bioassay for nisin can be improved. And the pre-diffusion at 4℃ can enhance the diffusion of nisin in agar.
Optimization of Reproducible Wort Medium for Bifidobacteria
ZHONG Ke, TIAN Hong-Tao, SANG Ya-Xin, LI Ying-Jun, MA Xiao-Yan, PANG Xiao-Na
2007, 28(3):  178-182. 
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Wort was chosen for the experiment. Effects of adding different nutriments in wort on the growth of Bbm Bifidobacterium bifidus were examined. The optimum enrichment medium of Bbm was screened with orthogonality test. Blm was validated in the optimum enrichment medium. The results showed that soya peptone, beef extract, yeast extract, and maize hydrolyzates in wort all promote the growth of Bbm (p<0.01), and the addition of K2HPO4 plays a role to both promote the growth and buffer the medium pH as well. The optimum enrichment media obtained by orthogonal test consist of adding soyapeptone 0.3%, beef extract 0.6%, yeast extract 0.5%, maize hydrolyzates 0.4%, K2HPO4 0.2% in 10°Brix wort, cultivated in the optimum enrichment medium for 12 hours at 37℃ with the live counts 3.84×109CFU/ml of Bbm and 3.90×109CFU/ml of Blm, increased by 8.17 and 8.14 times respectively, higher than the control. The cost decreases1000$/t compared with modified MRS medium used in lab.
Use of Predicting Models for Escherichia coli O157:H7 Growth on Different Temperatures in Pathogen Control
ZHU Ying-Lian, LI Yuan-Zhao, ZHANG Pei-Zheng, ZHOU Guang-Wen, TIAN Xia
2007, 28(3):  183-187. 
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Escherichia coli O157:H7 inhabited by the intestines of human beings induces intestinal disease that endangers the human health. The article studied effects of temperature, pH and sodium chloride concentration on the growth kinetics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in broth. The optimal growth conditions were thereby determined. Predicting models for growth of the pathogen on different temperatures in nutritional broth for export chicken were developed. According to these models, some measures to control the pathogen in export chicken are presented.
Genetic Transformation Processing of Tomatoes with Anti-PG Gene
KOU Xiao-Hong, LUO Yun-Bo, TIAN Hui-Qin, SHI Ying
2007, 28(3):  187-191. 
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Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been used to introduce the Anti-PG gene into tomatoes(Lycopersicon esculentum) processing. Ten transformed tomato plants were cultivated by kanamycin-resistant experiment and regenerated plantlets were obtained from cotyledons after preculture with shoot induced culture and root induced culture. Four positive transgenic tomato plants are confirmed by PCR and Southern blot. Transgenic tomato fruits are full and lustrous. However, the Northern blot hybridization showed that the PG gene expression level of transgenic tomato is less than that of control .The phenotype shows the same result following molecular analysis.
Study on DNA Extraction Methods from Fermented Beer Liquid for Genic Detection
LI Yan-Qin, SUN Yong-Yan
2007, 28(3):  191-194. 
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Genome DNA was respectively extracted from fermented beer liquid, beer yeast (S.cerevisiae), yeast(K), beer- contaminating bacteria(T), E.coli.DH5α and Bacillus YK-1R by various methods to produce different cell-disruption efficacy.Glass bead-beating method has the yeast cells lysis efficacy beyond 90%. Although the lysozyme or freeze-thaw method shows that bacteria lysis efficacy can reach 99%~100%, yet can only reach 15%~28% for yeast cells lysis efficacy. However the use of phCH2Cl has lysis efficacy for both bacterial and yeast cells reaching 100%. The genome DNA extracted by either glass beads, or lysozyme or phCH2Cl reaches beyond 23kb in DNA size and good integrity when assayed in gel electrophoresis. The genome DNA extracted through phCH2Cl is the most clear and sharp figure, DNA yield can achieve 108μg/g of wet-organism and the RAPD- PCR is reproducible. This protocol has potential for detection of beer-spoilage microorganisms.
Growth Capability of Antagonist Cryptococcus laurentii
ZHANG Hong-Yin, SUN Ping, DONG Ying, WANG Lei
2007, 28(3):  195-197. 
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The capability of C.laurentii growth in wort medium was studied, which included the growth dynamics of C. laurentii in Erlenmeyer flasks and in fermentor. The populations of C.laurentii increase quickly in wort medium. There is almost no postponing stage in its growth life. In Erlenmeyer flasks, the maximum yeast populations can reache within 20h after inoculation in Erlenmeyer flasks with the growth of C.laurentii coming into stationary phase. In fermentor, the growth of C. laurentii comes into stationary phase after 30h incubation. The growth of C.laurentii in wort medium makes the pH value of medium decrease.
Properties of Xylanase Immobilized on Polymer Eudragit L-100
ZHOU Yu-Heng, ZHANG Hou-Rui, CAI Ai-Hua, XIANG Qiu, HE Cheng-Xin, FANG Hong
2007, 28(3):  198-203. 
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Eudragit L-100, a reversibly soluble-insoluble polymer, was used for immobilization of xylanase of Chaetomium globosum for production of xylooligosaccharide. The immobilization was performed by a simple adsorption process. The maximum activity 10.6 IU/mg is obtained with 88.47% activity recovery at 1.0% polymer concentration. The optimum pH value increases one unit and the optimum temperature remains unchanged. The immobilized enzyme obviously enhances the thermal stability, and retains 65% of its initial activity after being hydrolyzed repeatedly xylan for six times. Moreover, the time course of hydrolysis of xylan by free enzyme as well as immobilized enzyme was also studied. Due to immobilization, the enzyme produces more reducing sugar than the free enzyme after being hydrolyzed for 24 hours. HPLC analysis indicated that xylobiose and xylotriose are both the immobilized end products with higher content of xylobiose than the free enzyme. whereas the xylobiose has become the major component instead of xylotriose after being immobilized. The enhanced characteristics of xylanase upon being immobilized may be helpful for the application of preparing xylooligosaccharide.
Gene Clone and Sequence Analysis of Glycerol Dehydratase
ZHENG Yan, GUAN Yi-Fei, LIU Chang-Jiang
2007, 28(3):  203-205. 
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The gene of gldABC encoding glycerol dehydratase was amplified by PCR and cloned into the vector of pMD19- T Simple marker. Sequence analysis showed that the gene of gldABC is 2816bp including three open reading frames encoded polypeptides of 556,194 and 142 amino acids respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences homologized with Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC25955 is 100%.
PCR-based Methods for Identification of Coccus Strains from Fermented Milk
WANG Ting-Zhu, GAO Xue-Jun, CONG Yu-Ting, YANG Zhen-Yu
2007, 28(3):  206-210. 
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In this paper, the isolation and identification of 9 lactic acid Coccus strains from fermented milk were studied. The lactic acid bacteria were isolated by MRS plate streaking cultivation and microscopic examination, and were identified by specific PCR technique. The results of plate streaking cultivation showed that there are 11 strains. The specific PCR primers were designed on the basis of biochemical metabolic enzymes genes coding, different between Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus at the level of strains. The PCR amplifications classify these strains into 9 strains; 6 lactococcus lactis strains, 2 Streptococcus thermophilus strains and 1 Streptococcus agalactiae respectively. In addition, 2 species-specific PCR primers of Lactococcus lactis named LclamyLF-R and LclmapA2F-R respectively were acquired, and Streptococcus thermophilus also had two primers, SttglgPF-R and SttamyLF-R respectively. And even one strain-specific primer of AS1.1936 named LclamyYF-R is obtained.
Study on Total DNA Isolation from Yeast
XING Fu-Guo, ZHANG Pei-Jun, TAN Xun-Gang, XU Yong-Li
2007, 28(3):  210-212. 
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Yeast is Archaic Eukaryotes. It is comprehensively used in food processing and gene engineering. Isolation total DNA from yeast is very important in the yeast application. A set of procedures were found that is simple economical and highly effective in isolating total DNA from yeast. This method facilitates on yeast DNA isdation.
Study on Supeoxide Dismutase Immobilized with Chitosan
ZHANG Chun-Yan, MENG Xian-Jun, XUAN Jing-Hong
2007, 28(3):  212-215. 
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Objective: To study the enzyme properties of superoxide dismutase immobilized with chitosan. Methods: Immobilized superoxide dismutase were prepared by different processes. The methods were optimized by comparing their activities. Results: Superoxide dismutase on chitosan with glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent showed the highest activities and recovery rates.The activity of superoxide dismutase powder immobilized under optimum conditions is 330 U/g,with the recovery rate above 58.33%.The temperature stability and the pH stability of the immobilized enzyme are much better than the free enzyme.And the immobilized enzyme also shows a good storage stability. The immobilized enzyme may be applied repeatedly. It can improve untilization rate. Conclusion: The immobilized superoxide dismutase can be prepared by crosslinking glutaraldehyde on chitosan, and it possesses good properties.
Effects of Ultrasonic Wave on Fermented Capability of Saccharomyces serevisiae and Wine Quality
QU Hui-Ge, YANG Li-Hong, SUN Shi-Wei, ZHANG Ping, MIAO Jing
2007, 28(3):  216-219. 
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The effects of the ultrasonicwave on fermented capability of Saccharomyces serevisiae and wine quality were studied with grapes named“ Carugnane”, for the sake of controlling fermentation intentionally to improve wine quality. The results showed: The quantity of yeast cells and the percentage of live cells are reduced by ultrasonic treatment, and the greater the power and the longer the time treated, the less will be the quality and the percentage. The yeast treated by ultrasonic wave hardly affect the fermented velocity and all samples are fermented normally, but affected the wines quality strongly. By statistical analysis, the alcohol contents has distinct differences. Being treated by ultrasonic wave alconolism almost decreases and very few increases. The remnant sugar contents has significant differences. After being treated by the sugar content becomes higher than control. The contents of titration acid and volatile acid increase distinctly. The ultrasonic wave affects the phenol contents not significantly but on the protein contents strongly.
Informatics Comparisons of Arginine Biosynthetic argCJBDFR Gene Cluster from C.crenatum A.S 1.542 and C.crenatum A.S.M2
CHEN Xue-Lan, XIONG Yong-Hua, TAO Wen-Yi, WANG Zheng-Xiang, XU Zheng-Hong
2007, 28(3):  219-222. 
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In this paper, four pairs of primers were designed for the arginine biosynthetic argCJBDFR gene clusters amplification from C.crenatum A.S 1.542 and C. crenatum A.S.M2, respectively. The mutation genes:argJ, argB and argF from C.crenatum A.S.M2 were compared with those from C.crenatum A.S 1.542 on bioinformatics, and were analyzed for the possible contribution to enhance the arginine production. These results will offer useful information and instruction to improve strains by gene engineering.
Activity Detection and Structure Analysis of ACE Inhibitors Derived from Rice Bran Protein
LIU Zhi-Guo, WU Qiong, 吕Ling-Xiao , WU Yu-Xiang, WANG Ya-Lin, QU Shen
2007, 28(3):  223-227. 
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To get the structure and function information about ACEI(angiotensin coverting enzyme) inhibitors derived from food protein. The present study prepared ACEI inhibitors from rice bran. The method of isoelectric point (PI) precipitation was adopted to obtain rice bran protein, which was hydrolyzed by pepsin, trypsin, and papain individually or jointly. The hydrolyzed products were separated according to the differences of molecular weights by Sephadex G-15 gel chromatogram. The components with the highest ACE inhibitor activity measured by FAPGG methods, were separated further by SP-Sephadex C- 25. HPLC-MS analysis showed that the highest inhibiting activity comes from pepsin-trypsin digested components, which containing short peptides such as Arg-Tyr, Met-Trp, Gly-Val-Tyr or Gly-Asp-Phe with the common characteristics of phenyl ring-like structure which maybe the important structural charecteristics.
Catalysis Study on Casein Transglutaminase from Different Strains
MA Wei, WANG Hai-Bo, FU Li, LI Chun, ZHANG Lan-Wei
2007, 28(3):  228-233. 
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The appropriate conditions(enzyme/usage, time, temperature and pH ) for catalytic reactions and the effects on casein, using TG-K and TG-N were compared and analyzed by SDS-PAGE combined with the technique of imaging. Accordingly, this paper ulterior research catalysis study on casein by transglutaminase from different strain and the enzyme characters, and provide direction for application of transglutaminase in diary processing.
Study on Mixed Strains Culture Technology of Rice Dredgs Sauce
DAI De-Hui, HUANG Guang-Rong, JIANG Jia-Xin, HU Wei-Lian
2007, 28(3):  234-237. 
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Rice dregs and wheat bran were used as raw materials. Monascus rubber, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger were adopted as culture strains. The optimal strains match, inoculum size and culture time were confirmed by analyzing the changes of diastatic enzyme activity, neutral protease activity and acid protease activity. 5% Aspergillus oryzae and 5% Aspergillus niger were both inoculated for two days after inoculated by Monascus rubber for four days. Then, the optimum culture pH, culture temperature, original moisture content and raw material match were obtained by orthorgonal experiment. The optinal results were: culture temperature 31℃, ratio of rice dregs to wheat bran 6 to 4, original moisture content 35% and pH 5. On these optimum conditions, the diastatic enzyme activity arrives at 4212 U/g dry encymic dregs, the acid protease activity is 2130 U/g. dry encymic dregs and the neutral protease activity is 2521U/g dry encymic dregs.
Study on Changes in Major Components during Tea Fungus Fermentation
JIANG Li-Wen, LIU De-Hua, LIAO Lu-Yan, TANG Dao-Fang
2007, 28(3):  238-240. 
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In this paper, it was checked using traditional tea fungus inoculated in pasteus sterilized tea broth with 10% sucrose (W/V) and 0.6% green tea(W/V), controlling 28℃ invariably and fermented 12 days stillnessly, fermentation guidelines were measured. The results showed as following: sucrose is degraded at low ratio and pH value are decreased slowly, acetic acid degree reach maximum up to 1.2%, protein concentration increase from 0.1mg/ml to 0.24mg/ml through 12 days fermentation. The total tea catechins is lowed 10% but epicatechin isomers(EGCG, EGC, ECG, EC, including GCG, DL-C) are examined demonstrated varying during sucrose-green-tea broth fermentation. Acetic acid bacterium and yeast cell count is approxially growth curve. The total content of free amino-acid is decreased from 70μg/ml to 20μg/ml. The content of cellulose pellicle is up to 7.0g/LDW.
Analysis on Contents of GLA and Other Fatty Acids as Metabolic Outgrowth of Mortierella isabellina on Different Culture Conditions
XIAO Ying, LI Bai-Lin, 欧Jie , XU Yan
2007, 28(3):  241-246. 
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The effects of the glucose, ammonium, metal ion, buffer agents, surfactants and culture temperature on GLA synthesized by Mortierella isabellina were studied, and the mechanism of the change of GLA yield was analyzed by calculating the values of ΣC18/ΣC16, IUFA, (L+G)/O and G/L as the index of fatty acids composition analysis. The results showed that ammonium obviously affected fatty acid △6- desaturation, unsaturated degree and carbon chain elongation with the production of GLA ; Ca2+ enhanced fatty acid △12- desaturation and unsaturated degree; additional 0.3% sodium acetate further enhanced fatty acid △6 -and △12- desaturation;there was significant improvement in fatty acid △6- desaturation and carbon chain elongation at relative low culture temperature.
Determination Study of 77 Organophosphrous and Carbamate Pesticide Residue in Fruits and Vegetables
WANG Ming-Tai, MOU Jun, WU Jian, LI Ai-Jun, LU Chun-Mei, ZHOU Xiao
2007, 28(3):  247-253. 
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One testing technology of determining 77 organophosphrous and carbamate pesticides residues in fruits and vegetables is developed. In this study, the samples are extracted with acetone and water (8+2). The extract is distributed with dichloromethane, and then is cleaned by passing through one gel permeation chromatography (GPC) column and one active carbon solid phase extraction (SPE) column in sequence. The eluate is condensed to a definite volume, and then determined and confirmed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry(GC-MS) with external standard method. Ten vegetables and fruits including spinach and orange etc. are selected as samples. 0.05~2.00mg/kg of the 77 pesticides such as dichlorvos etc. are fortified into blank samples. The corresponding recoveries are 53.6%~124.8% and the precisions are 4.01%~24.90% and the limit of determination (LOD) are 0.01~0.100mg/kg.
Study on Detection of Salmonella in Pork by Polymerase Chain Reaction
LIU Sheng-Gui, WEI Lin
2007, 28(3):  254-256. 
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Apply polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to detection Salmonella in pork.The culture from polluted pork by Salmonella whether we have known or not can be monitored masculine. The template that the content of DNA is 0.01pg can be expanded by polymerase chain reaction, which demonstrated this method has advantages of high particularity, sensitivity and celerity. PCR technique will be applicable to examine Salmonella in pork quickly and accurately.
Analysis of Medroxyprogeterone Acetate in Animal Tissues by ELISA and GC-MS
LIU Jian-Bo, PENG Chi-Fang, XU Chuan-Lai, JIN Zheng-Yu
2007, 28(3):  257-260. 
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The MPA residue was determined by ELISA in the edible tissues derived from animal. After 5 days oral administration at 0.8mg/kg, the MPA residue in muscle, liver and kidney were 7, 6 and 23μg/kg, respectively. The above results are confirmed by GC-MS. And a good correlation is observed between the GC-MS and ELISA methods.
Application of Electronic Nose Equipment on Identification of Natural Apple Essence
CHEN Xiao-Ming, MA Ming-Hui, LI Jing-Ming, QU Kun-Sheng, LI Yan-Xia, NI Yuan-Ying
2007, 28(3):  261-265. 
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In this paper,the natural apple essence samples known only for the production date were identified by using electronic nose. Then, the acquired data were analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA) and discriminant factor analysis(DFA). The results indicated: the product quality is closely related to its production date. The samples of Mouping Corporation were divided into two groups with Oct 31, 2004, and Baishui Corporation samples of the year 2005 can be obviously differentiated from samples of the year 2004.
Duffau Distillation Method for Pentosans Assay in Wheat Glutenin Processing Waste Water
HAN Xiu-Li, ZHANG Ru-Yi, MA Xiao-Jian, CHEN Jun-Ying, REN Jun-Yan
2007, 28(3):  265-267. 
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Duffau distillation method for pentosans assay in waste water of wheat glutenin processing was studied. The results indicated that the reproducibility and percent recovery of Duffau distillation method all meet the requisition of analytical experimentation, and the analytical results are accurate. The contents of waste water pentosans in wheat glutenin processing are between 0.1938~0.2939g/100ml.
Application and Analysis on Method of Lycopene Assay
LI Yi-Lin, HU Min-Yu, QU Shu-Lin, ZHOU Guang-Yu, HUANG Yi-Ming
2007, 28(3):  268-270. 
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To assay the contents of lycopene in several samples. The effects of different pretreatments on assay were studied. The linear range of the method is 0.180~5.796μg/ml, with LD=0.0059μg/ml. Analysis showed that the methanol treatment is favorable for assay so that within 24 hours, the lycopene solution is stable. The results thas showed that this method is favorable for assaying the contents of lycopene in tomato and tomato products.
Study on Cationic Surfactant as Sensitizer in Inhibitory Catalytic Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Nickel
WANG Xiao-Ju, GAI Yong-Sheng
2007, 28(3):  271-273. 
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A simple and sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric for determination the micro amounts of iodine were developed. The methods are based on the minus catalytic of activity nickel ion on the oxidation of neutral red by potassium periodate (KIO4) in HCl medium. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linear range is 0~60μg/L, the detection limit is 3.71×10-7g/L. The method applied to the determination of trace nickel inenvironmental water samples obtained satisfactory results.
Synthesis and Identification of Medroxy Progesterone Acetate Artificial Antigen
SUN Wu-Yong, LI Fei-Fei, QU Ling-Bo, WU Yong-Jun, WANG Yun-Long, LIU Xiang-Hui
2007, 28(3):  274-277. 
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Medroxy progesterone acetate(MPA), as a hapten, cannot be led to immune reaction and has to be conjugated with a carrier, such as bovine serum albumin(BSA). The carbodiimides reaction was used to prepare the immunogen in this paper. The conjugates of MPA-BSA were identified by the analysis of UV-spetrum, SDS-PAGE and animal immunization test. An ELISA method was established with MPA antibody, which has the detection limit of 1.8μg/ml and the linear detection of 2.5~ 50μg/ml(r2=0.9936).
Analysis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Ortho-Aminophenol Pre-Column Derivatization
ZOU Yao-Hong
2007, 28(3):  277-281. 
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A gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometric(GC-EIMS) method was developed for analyzing the unsaturated fatty acids, while ortho-aminophenol was used for the pre-column derivatization reagent of unsaturated fatty acids so as to modify carboxy1 group into nitrogen-containing heterocycle which effectively suppressed the migration of double bonds of the alkeny1 under the electron impact source and led to regular informative mass spectra regarding the position of the olefinic bonds in the chain .The empirical rule in which the position of double bonds of olefinic acids was located was refered to by analyzing electron impact spectra of the derivatives of the fatty acids modified by ortho-aminophenol reagent. This methodprovides a new technical tool for analyzing the fine structure of unsaturated fatty acids. Ortho-aminophenol is used as derivatization reagent to the fatty acids and 2 unsaturated fatty acids in sunflower oil are identified according to the analysis of GC-EIMS .The position of double bonds of the unsaturated fatty acids from sunflower oil is located and the results are in good agreement with bibliography.
Determination of Ferulic Acid Extracted from Rice Bran by Spectrofluorimetry
LIAO 律, ZHOU Ming-Da, XIAO Jin, CHOU Ji-Neng
2007, 28(3):  282-284. 
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To optimize the extraction process for ferulic acid from rice bran. HPLC was used as the quality analysis method, and spectrofluorimetry as the quantity analysis method. The linear range of the ferulic acid is 0.2~2.2μg/ml, and relationship coefficient 0.99957. The average recovery is 99.0%. It is accurate, simple, rapid and sensitive to determine the ferulic acid with the fluorescence method.
Manufacture of Lactose-glucose Bi-function Enzymic Electrodes Based on Nuclear Pore Film
LI Jia-Peng, PANG Guang-Chang
2007, 28(3):  285-289. 
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Hybrid biosensor for the detecting of lactose and glucose simultaneously was developed. This biosensor consisting of two electrodes was based on the nuclear pore films modified by the yeast broken liquid and H2O2 electrodes. Glucose oxidase (GOD) and β- galactosidase(GAL) were immobilized on the membranes by using the glutaric dialdehyde as crosslinking agent. Having studied the response characteristics of the two electrodes, the biosensor shows good linearity among the ranges of 0.2~ 2 g/100ml and 4~10 g/100ml of lactose and 0~100mg/100ml glucose respectively. The response time is less than 40s for lactose and less than 20s for glucose. The self(half-life)-life of the galactosidase-electrode is between 15 and 20 days while the glucose oxidase-electrode is more than 60 days. The interference of glucose in lactose detecting can be removed through the subtractive operation between the response datas of the two electrodes.
Study on Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to Detect Trace Heavy Metal Elements in Candy
LIU Zhi-Jian, YU Wei, LOU Hua-Qin, MA Ying
2007, 28(3):  290-292. 
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To detect trace elements such as Cu,Pb,Cd in candy with ICP-MAS is studied. Using internal standard addition and XI interface, the impacts on matrix effect, interface effect and mass spectrum interference will be eliminated efficiently. The results of detection limit, recoveries for spiking sample and relative standard deviation are perfect enough to meet the target.
Determination of Monosaccharide and Disaccharide in Foods by HPLC Method
LIU Yu-Feng, LI Li, LI Dong, WANG Jing, FANG Xiang, WU Fang-Di
2007, 28(3):  293-296. 
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HPLC method was established to determine the monosaccharide and disaccharide in foods. The chromatographic conditions are as belows: Waters amino chromatographic column with refractive index detector, elution influent methane:water (V/V) 85:15, flow rate 1.0ml/min and injection volume 10μl. The repeatability relative standard deviation of this method is below 5% and the recovery is over 97%. A satisfsacfory result is obtained under these optimum conditions, and the whole separation can be finished with in 20min. The results showed that this new HPLC analysis method is both correct and fast enough to be used in most kinds of foods contained monosaccharide and disaccharide.
Determination of Organic Acids in Mulberry Raw Juice by Ion Exclusion Chromatography
CHEN Zhi-Yi, CHEN Wei-Dong, XU Yu-Juan, WU Ji-Jun, LI Sheng-Feng, LIU Xue-Ming
2007, 28(3):  296-298. 
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Mulberry raw juice organic acids were detected by ion exclusion chromatography, with anion exchange column (Ion Pac AS11) and three kinds of mobile phase (18mmol/L NaOH, 24mmol/L NaOH, 2mmol/L Na2B4O7) respectively. The main organic acids in the mulberry raw juice includ malic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, acetic acid and formic acid, while two kinds of inorganic radicals (Cl-, SO42-) are identified.
Experimental Study for Titrating Protein Content in Milk Powder by SDS
HE Li-Ping, HAO Jun, ZHANG Rui-Bin, YIN Hong-Lei
2007, 28(3):  298-300. 
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Objectives: To study the experimental conditions for titrating protein content in milk powder by sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS). Methods: The milk powder was diluted with distilled water in acidic medium, and then the diluted solution was titrated with SDS in acidic medium. At the endpoint the content of conical flask was suddenly separated into curdy white coagulum. The effects of temperature, pH, amylum, sugar and flour in the experiment were studied. The relationship between the titer of SDS soluition against the protein content in milk powder was also studied. Results: With this method the same milk powder was assayed 8 times with RSD=0.53%.The results determined by this method coincide with those of Kjieldahls method for the 8 different samples (p>0.05). Conclusions: This method is simple, accurate, dependable and suitable as rapid titration method for the determination of protein in milk powder. The time for assaying every sample is only 4 minutes.
Analysis and Evaluation of Aromatic Constituents of Perilla
WEI Bao-Yao, HUANG Li, TENG Jian-Wen, YU Xiao-Ying, BEN Yong-Guang
2007, 28(3):  301-305. 
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The aromatic constituents in 30 samples of perilla collected from China and Japan were studied by GC and GC-MS. According to 17 constituents of essential oil greater than 1% were studied with cluster analysis. The samples were classified into 5 systems of essential oils, namely PA, EK, PAPK, PAPP and MY. Considered the aroma and color, the samples of Xi San Zi Wu in Japan and Dalian in China of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. var. arguta (Benth.) Hand. - Mazz are the best. The results of maths model different types of perilla can be identified and predicted.
Determination of Micro-calcium in Pyracantha fortuneana Fruit by Direct-reading Method of Ca Ion Selective Electrode
GAO Xiang-Yang, ZHU Ling, SUN Ling-Xia
2007, 28(3):  305-308. 
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Purposes: To provide a kind of accurate, fast, simple, and direct reading method for calcium content in Pyracantha fortuneana fruit, for its functional compositions in scientific study. Methods: To measure the calcium content in Pyracantha fortuneana fruit by calcium-selective electrode—direct reading concentration method. The experiment studied the TISAB (total ionic strength adjustment buffer), the optimal scope of pH and the recovery, precision, and detection limit of this method. Results: The linear range is 0.731~4017mg/L, the detection limit 1.21×10-2mg/L, the recovery is 92.36%~108.50%, and the RSD% is 1.6%(n=6). Conclusions: This method is fast and simple for the determination of the calcium in Pyracantha fortuneana fruit. The cost is low and the result is satisfatory.
Fast Determination of Copper in Beverage by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
WANG Hui, HAO Li-Hua, WANG Long-Xia
2007, 28(3):  308-310. 
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The copper concentration in beverage has been determined by the method of flame atomic absorption spectrometry and the pre-treatment of sample has been performed by the dilution method in this study. This method has produced not only satisfactory results, but also many advantages including easy pre-treatment of sample, convenience and base line drift. It has a good sample recovery rate of 93.0%~109%. Its relative standard deviation is from 0.808% to 2.62%, and the detection limit is 0.08%.
Effects of Different Analysis Methods on Stewed Beef Volatile Compounds
WU Xiao, ZHAO Mou-Ming, WU Jin-Wei, CUI Chun
2007, 28(3):  311-314. 
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The preparation and analysis methods of samples have great effects on the experiment results. In this study the stewed beef were cooked in by the traditional way, and the potent odorant compounds were prepared by either solvent extroction or solid phase microextraction, while the volatile compounds were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the total ion chro- matographies of the two methods are apparently different and so are the kinds of volatile compounds. It showed that the solid phase microextraction is a better way with seventy-six detective volatile compounds assayed in stewed beef.
Effects of Different Dietary Starch Constituents on Level of Blood Glucose and Insulin of Weaned Piglets
LIU Jian-Gao, ZHANG Ping, BIN Shi-Yu, HUANG Rui-Lin, LI Tie-Jun, YIN Yu-Long
2007, 28(3):  315-319. 
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The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different starch constituents (sticky rice, brown rice, corn, RS Hi-Maize1043) on the level of blood glucose and insulin of weaned piglets. The results showed that with the different starch constituents, the variation of blood glucose and inlusin of pigs is discrepant during the postprandial periods as the changing rate and the extent of bood glucose and insulin and the insulin/glucose ratio of sticky rice group is the greatst, while the brown rice group ranks the second, the corn group the third, and the RS group the least. Conclusion: the digestion and absorption of starch of different starch sources are different, in causing the different regulations of blood glucose. The slowly digested starch and RS were beneficial to maintain the steady-state of blood glucose and reduce the secretion of insulin.
Experiment of Hygienical Microbiology Examination and Bacteria Identification by VITEK for Strawberry
PAN Jian, HUANG Xun-Duan, XIE Hui-Ming, YU Xiao-Feng, WANG Wu, YANG Yi, WANG Hai-Xiang
2007, 28(3):  320-323. 
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In this study, hygienical microbiology was examined from strawberry according to the food hygiene standard of People Republic of China, with bacteria isolated from strawberry fast identified by Vitek Auto Microbic System. The results showed that the levels of strawberry microorganisms including bateria, molds and yeasts, exceeded the food hygienical microbiology standard. Therefore, fresh fruits should not be eaten directly. The experiment isolated 16 bacteria species(14 G- and 2 G+), so they could be classified into 10 genuses, 8 families by Berger’s manual of determinative bacteriology. Most of identified microorganisms could cause diseases. The experimental results are helpful to control the number of microorganisms and develop new technology to sterilize for strawberry.
Preparation of Peanut Polypeptide and It’s Antioxidative Effects in D-galactose Induced Oxidative Injury Mice
CHEN Gui-Tang, ZHAO Li-Yan, CONG Tao, ZHAO Lin, BAO Shan-Fen
2007, 28(3):  324-327. 
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To study the preparation and the effect of peanut polypeptide on antioxidative system of mice with oxidative injury model induced by D-galactose, forty kunming mice were divided into four groups, namely contral group, oxidative injury model group, low or high dosage of peanut polypeptide treatment group. Except the control group, all other groups were subcutaneously injected with D-galactose solution (40mg/ml, 0.1ml/10g bw) daily for successive 32 days. At the same time, mice in the peanut polypeptide treatment groups were orally given peanut polypeptide in the dosage of 400mg/kg bw and 800mg/kg bw, respectively. Then the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in serum and in liver were assayed respectively. In addition, the spleen and thymus gland were also separated to dtermine their indices. The results showed that thymus index and spleen index significantly decreases. While MDA content significantly increases and the activity of GSH-Px significantly decreases both in serum and in liver of oxidative injury mouse model. Both 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg peanut polypeptide administrations have made thymus index and spleen index significantly increase, MDA content significantly decreased and GSH-Px activity significantly increase in serum and in liver. The dosage of 800mg/kg also significantly increased the liver SOD activity. It showed that polypeptide has significantly antioxidative activity with the mechanism probably connected with rising immunity, oxygen free radicals elimination and antilipoperoxidation.
Effects of Soybean Isoflavone on Antioxidative Ability of Diabetic Rats
GE Li-Xia, CHEN Jing
2007, 28(3):  327-329. 
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Objective: The effects of soybean isoflavone(SIF) on antioxidative ability in diabetic rats were studied in this assay. Methods: Twenty-six healthy male rats were assigned to three groups:normal control group(N), diabetic control group(DC), and soybean is olflavone-treated group(SI). 100 mg/kg·d islflavone was given to SI group by gavage. After 6 weeks, T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px, XOD and MDA in serum and liver were tested. Results: Fasting blood glucose level in SI group was significantly lower before given than those in DC group (p<0.05). The fasting blood glucose level in DC group was remarkably higher than before (p<0.05). Comparing with DC group, GSH-Px and SOD activities of serum and liver in SI group were higher remarkably (p< 0.05);T-AOC level in liver was also much higher (p<0.05); MDA level in serum and liver in SI group were much lower than thosein DC group(p<0.05); although XOD level of serum and liver in SI group were lower than DC group. Conclusion: SIF has the ability of decreasing blood glucose level and improving antioxidant ability. The studies showed that recovering of βcell damage via the way of inhibitingβcell of pancreas islet and insulin receptors of liver being oxidized continuously might be of the important hyperglycemia lower mechanism of SI.
Study on Gynosaponins Compound on Ameliorating Memory in Mice
ZHANG Xiao-Yu, LI Yan, YONG Bin, LIU Jian-Ting, YAN Wei
2007, 28(3):  330-333. 
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 Objective: to explore the effect of gynosaponins compound on ameliorating in mice memory. Method: to perform an jumping platform experiment and an avoiding darkness experiment respectively according to the way and procedure of evaluating healthy food function published by board of health in 1996. Result: gynosaponins compound has obvious effect on improving the reappearance ability of passive avoidance and the response of the avoiding darkness. Conclussion: gynosaponins compound can significantly improve memory.
Effects of Chitosan Coatings on Physiology and Quality of Dtored Leek-balts
WU Chuan-Wan, DU Xiao-Feng, WANG Wei-Zhong, TIAN Xing-Jun
2007, 28(3):  334-337. 
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In this study, leek-balts were soaked with chitosan solution to form a coating on their surfaces. During 30 days stored at 4℃ , the weight loss, decaying index, opening rate of boot, weight increase of boot, fibrin, and VC content of the leek balts were investigated. The results showed that chitosan coating has preserves fresh effects on leek-blats of the treatments, 1%~1.5% chitosan coating shows better fresh keeping effects on leek-balts store, with less weight loss, better blooming rate, and weight increment of boot and fibrin content, and higher content of chlorophyll and vitamin C.
Study on Storage Technique of Asparagus and Application of Lipoxygenase Inhibitor
ZHANG Lu, WANG Hui, AN Chuan-Shi, CAI Cheng-Shu, MA Qing-Yi
2007, 28(3):  338-341. 
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On the bases of low temperature and high relative humidity storage, different treatments to improve torability of asparagus were compared. The effects to maintain better chlorophyll content, weight loss inhibition, and spear feathering and lignification were studied. The results showed that: the atmosphere kept at 10% O2, 5% CO2, the shelf life of asparagus is obviously prolonged with ethylene sorbent and lipoxygenase inhibitor.
Study on Postharvest Physiology of Physalis pubescens L.
ZHANG Qing-Gang, YAO Xu, SUN Qiang, YU Shan-Ming
2007, 28(3):  341-345. 
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A brief study was made on the effects of the changes of postharvest physiology and quality of Physalis pubescens L. caused by different preservation methods and different temperatures. The results showed that Physalis pubescens L. is the non-climacteric fruit and the optimal method to preserve the postharvest Physalis pubescens L. is to after the cut leave from flower calyx at 4℃ storage.
Study on Storage Capability of Edible Packaging Film Based on Lipids-Potato Starch
LI Xin-Xin, MA Zhong-Su, SHI Jing, BI Hui-Min, PAN Jun-Feng
2007, 28(3):  345-349. 
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The storage properties of edible film on lipids-potato starch were studied under different storage conditions. The suitable storage conditions of the film were confirmed. It was validated that this film has good barrier functions by means of the result analyzing flavouring weightlessness, the lipids peroxide values and weight-loss of the instant noodles.
Study on Tomatoes Preservation with Aloe Juice Film Coating
HE Shi-Min, ZHOU Xian-Rong, XIANG Deng-Yun
2007, 28(3):  349-352. 
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Tomato preservation with aloe solution film coating was studied. The results indicated that the aloe solution film coating shows good preservation effects on tomatoes. Equivolume mixed solution of 1% aloe barbadensis juice, 0.5% starch and 0.2% glycerine is the optimum film coating solution. The tomates freshened with the film solution coating have the smallest changes in weight loss, rot rate, and browning index of peel, and also in contents of total sugar, total acid, vitamin C and amino acid. This formula of coating film is the optimum.
Review on Analysis of Chloropropanols in Foodstuffs
FU Wu-Sheng, WU Yong-Ning
2007, 28(3):  353-357. 
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This paper summarized the application of matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction(MSPD), solid-phase micro- extraction(SPME)and liquid-liquid extraction to the extraction and clean-up of chloropropanols in foodstuffs and water. This review also coverd the internal standard (IS), chromatographic column, separation condition and detection of chloropropanols or their derivatives. Finally several new screening method for 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol in soy sauce/acid vegetable protein was introduced.
Review on Bacillus cereus Contamination Effects on Food Safety
ZHOU Guo-Ping, YUAN Zhi-Ming
2007, 28(3):  357-361. 
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As a ubiquitous soil microorganism, Bacillus cereus has become one of the important food-borne pathogens in the industrial societies. This bacterium can produce one emetic toxin and several enterotoxins to cause two distinct types of foodborne illnesses: emetic syndrome and diarrheal illness. Importantly, an entomopathogenic bacterium B.thuringiensis can also produce some enterotoxins similar to B.cereus. I it was recently found to be probably involved in food poisoning. It is necessary to strengthen the research and supervision of B.cereus. for guaranteeing food safety.
Review on Advance of Modified Starch Based on Physical Methods
DUAN Shan-Hai, XU Da-Qing, MIAO Ming
2007, 28(3):  361-366. 
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As one of the abundant renewable natural resources second only to cellulose, starch is readily available and inexpensive. It also can be degraded easily and turned into useful derivative by biochemical method. Many countries pay great attention to exploitthe starch resources for a long time. Especially many investigators and manufacturers have done works on natural starch denaturalization which is becoming the hot spotted with physical, chemical and biological methods. In this paper, the modified starch processes based on physical methods (hydrothermal, microwave, ionizing radiation, ultrasound, ball milling, extrusion etc) were summarized. The acting mechanism, preparations, properties and structure changes of physically-modified starch were reviewed. The long-term potential development of physic-modified starch was prospected.
Food Safety Risks and Pre-warning Mechanism in Educational Institutions
TANG Xiao-Chun
2007, 28(3):  366-369. 
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There are three main channels for food supply to educational institutions, such as refectory, nourishment meal distribution and groceries all related university or school. In case that some food safety problem emerges, it will bring about tremendous aftermath. To prevent and control the risks, the educational institutions should establish the risks pre-warning mechanism for food safety. This study was based on the risk characterstics of the food safety and relative laws and regulations. Embarked on the regular risks pre-warning to deal with emergency, the paper studied the ways of risk pre-warning analysis, the systems of quantitative grading management, the design for food safety credit grading and the pre-warning mechanism of comprehensive synergetic evaluation.
Overview on Effects of Food Process on Pesticide Residues in Foods
CUI Xin-Yi, WANG Da-Ning, CHU Xiao-Gang
2007, 28(3):  370-372. 
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Food process is indispensable to agricultural products, such as peeling, washing, blanching, juice extraction and heat processing. This article reviewed the effects of these food processes on pesticide residues in foods.
Designing Principles Cooking Pot Imitation Motion Mechanism for Robot Cooking
ZHOU Xiao-Yan, TANG Jian-Hua, ZHAO Yan-Zheng, LIU Xiao-Yong
2007, 28(3):  373-376. 
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According to the cooking technics of Chinese cuisine and movements analysis of professional chefs, the effective motions of pot utensils are divided into four basic categories: rocking, turning over, inclining or fire relieving. The basic target to replace the arm operation in the pot is realized by means of a kind of complex movements, which integrate crank-rank motion with cone gear drive and linear motion. The design of pot movement speed, direction and tilting angles can not only accomplish such functions as throwing over, frying scrambling etc, but also completing many specific skills for cuisine technology, for example, oil-dripping, intermittent-tapping, scalding and so on.
Brewing Technique and Nutrition Components Analysis of Fermented Persimmon Wine
CHEN Zhen-Lin, YANG Hui-Ling, HUANG Zhi-Qiang, ZHANG Zhi
2007, 28(3):  377-381. 
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Dry persimmon wine was brewed through fermenting persimmon juice with active dry yeast, and nutrition components of fermented persimmon wine were determined. The determined results showed that fermented persimmon wine is a health fruit wine with very high nutritive value. Fermented persimmon wine has wide development future.