Vitamin E-β-cyclodextrin compound inclusion was gotten by inclosing the vitamin E（VE）withβ-cyclodextrin.The inclusion compound was analysed with infrared spectrum,ultraviolet spectrum and athermalization analysis.Meanwhile,the effects on the anti-oxidation stabilization of the inclusion compound for the oxidizer dosage and on the reaction temperatures were studied.The results showed that with the increasing of oxidizer dosage,the absorbtion of VE becomes larger.And by keeping VE and the inclusion compound in 1ml of 0.1mol/L KCIO3 solution for 7 hours,the absorbency of VE and its inclusion compound are increased 9.99% and 4.72%,respectively.In the same concentration of KCIO3 solution,with the increasing of the temperature, the concentrations of VE and its inclusion compound are declining slowly.Under 100℃for 7 hours,the concentration of VE and its inclusion compound are declined 13.23% and 6.78%,respectively.The study on kinetics of oxidation reaction showed that the oxidation reactions of VE and its inclusion compound byβ-Cyclodextrin are secondary reactions,and the reaction rate constants under 100℃are 0.1575 L/mol·h and 0.0994 L/mol·h,respectively.

 Bletilla striata polysaccharide（BSPS）was extracted,purified and sulfated.Some physical,chemical characterisitics and biological activities of BSPS and BSPSS（BSPS-sulfate）were studied in this paper.The solubility of BSPSS in water increases much more than that of BSPS.The mean molecular weight of BSPSS is 9.0607×104 and that of BSPS 9.9658×104.BSPSS has a stronger scavenging abifity on O2-·and·OH than that of BSPS.BSPSS and BSPS can inhibit the H2O2-induced hemolysis and promote proliferation of lymphocyte B.BSPSS has obvious inhibition on the growth of lymphocyte B and U937 in vitro.

Solubility differences were used method to determine andrographolide in supercritical CO2 with chemical association model to correlate the experimental data.The results showed that the solubility of andrographolide in supercritical CO2 increases as pressure increases and decreases as the temperature rises.Such changes of solubilities obey the classical Chrastil model.

The solubilities of riboflavin in pure water and in different concentration hydrochloride aqueous solution(w=0.14, 0.16,0.17,0.20,0.24,‘w’meant the HCl fraction in mixture aqueous solution)under 283K,288K,293K,298K,303K are measured respectively by steady method in this thesis.The solubility model is established.The dissolution heat and the solvation energy of riboflavin are estimated by using the experimental solubility data.The saturate and supersatuate characters of riboflavin in hydrochloride aqueous solution under 283K,288K,293K are investigated and analyzed.The width of crystallization metastable zone was obtained.These studies about crystallization thermodynamics establish foundation for the industrial manufacture of riboflavin.

Studies were carried out on changes of amino acids,reduce sugar and 5-HMF contents in apple juice concentrate of Lujial and Lujia3(Lu for Shandong province,China;Jia for processing)derived from the cross between Telamon and Fuji. Maillard reaction had been simulated with amino acids(lysine,phenylalanine,leucine,isoleucine,methionine,threonine)and reduce sugars(fructose,glucose,arabinose,galactose,xylose)respectively in citric acid-phosphate buffer(pH3.20)and in apple juice concentrate.The results showed that lysine,phenylaianine,leucine,isoleucine,methionine and threonine contents in apple juice concentrate decline during storage.Reduced sugar content increases first,then decreases,while roses and descends again.5-HMF content increases first,then descreases.Amino acids activities in Maillard reaction show great differences between in citric acid-phosphate buffer(pH3.20)and in apple juice concentrate,and also in reduce sugars activities. Lysine activity is high in both experiments.

The stability was studied with flavonoids extracted from Sarcandrae glabra Nahnl as indexes.The research results expressed that the ethanol extracting rate of flavonoids from Sarcandrae glabra Nahal is the highest,3.25 times more than the boiling water extraction.However for the eight kinds additives commonly used,sodium thiosnlphate and sodium sulfate make the flavonoids to decrease 21.98%～12.07%;The flavonidis contents become less when the raw material has been stored longer and the flavonoid’s contents descended also desrease in average 24.74% annually.The flavonoids assayed in the extraction liquid remain stable after being placed three years whereas the flavonoids in average decrease only 0.86% annually and also decrease only 0.82% after being heated to put out the germ.The strong light shooting for 30 hours can make the flavonoids to decrease averagely 10.27%.The flavonoids in the extraction liquid are most stable in pH 4～6.

The intramuscle pbospbolipid contents of black-bone silky fowl,Cbongren chicken and Lingnan yellow chicken, bred under the same conditions were compared in the present paper.The fatty acids of pbospbolipid were identified and analysed by GC-MS and their relative percentage contents were determined by areas normalization method.It showed that the phospbofipid content of black-bone silky fowl is significantly higher than the other two chickens while there is no such difference between Chongren chicken and Lingnan yellow chicken.The polyunsaturated fatty acids and arachadonic acid are significantly higher in the black-bone silky fowl than the other two chickens.

This work was focused on the study of kinetics of browning and the facts affecting browning in clarified 70°Brix Dangshan pear juice concentrates.The effects on being stored at 4℃,30℃,37℃,50℃over 60 days were investigated respectively. Colour development was measured by browning index(A440),T625and 5-HMF.Browning levels of Dangshan pear juice concentrates increase with the increase of both time and temperature,according to two stages combined reaction kinetics. Activation energy of the clarified Dangshan pear juice concentrates is 6.88 kCal/mol.The correlationship between 5- hydroxymethylfurfural（5-HMF）concentration and browning index A440is positive.Effect of light on browning is negligible,while effect of air is significant before storage.

Apple shape identification is an essential character on appraising its appearance quality.This paper introduces a method of active shape models(ASM)as the neural network method based on Fourier to identify the apple shape.The experiment results demonstrate that the accuracy of the neural network is about 83.3% and the ASM method has good effect reaching as high as 95%.The matchin8 time between the model and the actual image does not surpass 2 sec.ASM has good visibility,high flexibility and strong robustness to satisfy the real-time graduation of apple.

The lethal effects on spoilage microganisms and impact on the functional properties of pulsed electric fields(PEF) on samples of liquid whole egg(LWE)were evaluated.The results showed that about 4.9,5.4 and 3.8 lgs reductions of E.coli., salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus inoculated in LWE are achieved at 40kV/cm for 1660μs (2μs pulse width,667pps), respectively.No significant changes in viscosity,color,foaming capacity,foaming stability,emulsifying capacity and emulsify- ing stability are observed after PEF treatment.

A new separation method of L-phenylalanine(L-Phe)from liquid of transformation was studied,and based on ion exchange and continuous separation by simulated moving bed(SMB)with standing wave design.The results showed that adsorption wave of L-Phe stays in zoneⅢwithout any adsorption loss,and the adsorptive capacity of L-Phe is 125g/kg resin, wheres the utilization of resin is improved.Desorption waves of asparagic acid and protein stay in zoneⅡby wake flow of the extract firm zoneⅠand desorption wave of L-Phe stays in zone L The L-Phe concentration of elution is above 35g/L,while 97.6% L-Phe is obtained from desorption by simulated moving bed with ammonia consumption(0.5mol/L)rate of L-Phe only 38.37L/kg.

Chinese steamed bread(CSB)is a kind of Chinese traditional fermented staple food.It is traditionally fermented by Jiaotou,which is the starter culture of CSB.This study was to determine the microbial characteristics of Jiaotou and its influence on CSB quality.In this paper,lactic acid bacteria (LAB)and yeasts counts in 12 Jiaotou samples were enumerated and seperated by plate method.The isolated strains were identified by BioMerieu Vitek-32 system.The qualities of Jiaotou fermented CSB and that of commercially produced ones were compared by sensory analysis and texture profile analysis(TPA).The average LAB counts of Jiaotou were 8.1 lg CFU/g,while the average yeasts counts were slightly lower(7.7lg CFU/g).The yeasts counts of dry Jiaotou(8.2 lg CFU/g)were significantly higher than wet Jiaotou(7.2 lg CFU/g,p＜0.05).The isolated yeasts were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and three strains of bacteria were identified as Bacillus cereus,Brevibacillus brevis and Acinetobacter lwoffii,respectively.During dough fermentation,Jiaotou made the dough pH go down with the LAB but the yeasts counts increase. With better interior structure but inferior odor,the general sensory scores of Jiaotou fermented CSB wee not significantly different to those of commercial ones.The TPA results indicated that Jiaotou fermented CSB was significantly superior to some kind of commercial CSB in hardness,gumminess,chewiness,cohesiveness and adhesiveness(p＜0.05).In general,Jiaotou fermented CSB showed better eating quality indicated by parameters of TPA.

Xuanwei Ham is a famous ham in China with some white particle spots often appeared in ham,mostly in ham muscle. However,examined by microbiological methods and observed by light microscope,there are neither microbes nor parasites in the white particle spots.Proteins in panicles would decompose significantly,and two main proteins with molecular weights of respectively 51000 and 13200 were detected by gradient SDS-PAGE in particles.The content of tyrosine in white particles was eight times higher than that in normal ham muscle,which indicated that the particles might be decomposed protein,tyrosine and some other component.All the contents of inorganic elements analyzed are less than those in ham muscle,and the schondroitin sulfate occurred in white particle implie that pathological disease might occur in muscle at the particle position during five stage of pig.Inoculating yeast on ham during salting can prevent the formation of particles effectively.

The paper utilized high-temperature instantaneous gelatinization technology as a substitute for the traditional steaming technology.By measuring several indexes,such as water content,starch gelatinization ratio,enzymatic hydrolyzeα- amino nitrogen content and total fat content,the variations in the process of these indexes were obtained.Then corresponding models were set up based on artificial neural network.It could be concluded that established models are quiet accrate and can disclose the relationship among operating conditions and indexes by evaluation of two types of data(trained data and untrained data).

In this paper,the freezing point of lotus root was assayed according to the variations of food material electrical conductivities while the temperature was changing.The range of lotus root freezing point was from -1.4℃to -1.9℃.The error was less than 0.05℃by practice validation.It indicated that the method of determining fruits and vegetables by electrical conductivity is much simpler,preciser and more economical.This method can also determine the freezing points of various fresh meats and liquid foods,to be used for function reference and popularizatione evaluation.

Effects of pH on the formation of volatile and semi-volatile substances in the Maillard reaction systems of arahinose/ cysteine were analyzed and compared by the method of headspace-solid microextraction associated with gas chromatography- mass spectrography.It was found that neutral and weak acid conditions are advantageous to the production of aroma compounds. The relative yield of aroma compounds is lower in strong acid condition than in former condition.The basic condition is advantageous to produce heterocyclic compounds which contain nitrogen,oxygen or sulfur atom.Since the yield of votatiles of pH9 system is the lowest,the absolute yield of every aroma compound is not high.In addition,we should pay attention to that there are a large number of benzene derivatives in the system of pH9,some of which are harmful.

The extracts from Achnatherum inebrians(Hance)Keng with 95% edible-ethanol were used as antimicrobial agents in this paper.Six species of bacteria including Echerichia coli etc were taken as test-bacteria.The results showed that the extracts from Achnatherum inebrians(Hance)Keng have the best antibacterial effect on the tested six bacteria.With the six species of the bacteria,the antibacterial effects are obtained for the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and the antibacterial effects(the diameter of the antibacterial circle)of the five materials from Achnatherum inebrians(Hance)Keng.

There were interactions between flaxseed gum and salt-soluble meat protein(SSMP)by the results of dynamic theological properties,texture and microstructure.Mechanisms of flaxseed gum interacted with meat protein wee also studied. Electrostatic forces seems to be the main forces involved in the formation and stability of protein-polysaccharide gel,while disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds play minor impacts on the formation and stability of protein-polysaccharide gel.

 Generally speaking,the impact was negative to the dough rheological parameters with increasing addition of defatted soybean flour(DFSF),because wheat gluten networks were destroyed by addition of soybean protein.It makes dough intensity and wheat protein quality to decline.Three of farinograph parameters and three of extensiongraph parameters have been significantly correlated with sensory evaluation score,such as:water absorption,development time,stability,energy,extensibility, and maximum resistance.The results showed that a small quantity addition of DFSF improves the quality of dough and noodle with 4% addition as an appropriate amount compared with 8%,12% and 16%.

D-glucosamine hydrochloride is accessible through the purification of hydrochloride hydrolysed chitin derived from the river crab in Panjin.The D-glucosamine hydrochloride shows good anti-oxidation effects on the hydroxyl free radical and the oxygen free radicals.

Factors affecting the anti-retrogradation and viscosity of corn starch phosphate with NaH2PO4 esterification were studied.The results showed that the anti-retrogradation increases and the viscosity decreases with the levels of esterification, reaction temperature and reaction time.The optimal conditions for corn starch phosphate preparation are:amounts of NaH2PO4, 5%,reaction temperature 130℃,and reaction time 4h.The phosphate corn starch can be used in ginger paste and bring in good texture.

Reverse micelle is a new biological technology.It is an aggregation with water and its configuration is converse to the normal micelles,with surfactants formed in apolar.The assay studied that on soybean protein extractions in four reverse micelles,the conditions are firstly compared with the size of“water pool”,the extraction rate of protein,and the subunits of protein by electrophoresis experiment.

Several extraction processes,such as traditional hot water extraction method,supersonic method and pulsed electric field(PEF)method,were used respectively to optimize the extraction process of defatted rice bran polysaccharide.The extraction rates of polysaccharide are 2.02%,2.87% and 2.59% respectively.The results showed that the latter two methods are simpler, more convenient and efficient than the former two.

In this paper the processing technology of swawben-y clear juice was studied,in which the low dosage pectinases compound was used.The results showed that the optimum technique parameters are:pectinases compound 0.015%,temperature 35℃,strawberry original pH,and hydrolysis 90min.Under this condition the clarified strawberry juice extraction ratio is 81. 10%,and the transmittance is 96.1%.

To obtain the water-soluble dietary fiber of corn,xylanase is used to degrade the seed coat of corn which is pretreated by amylase and protease.The components are analyzed by GC.The optimal enzymolysis conditions are: enzyme treating time 40min,xylanase concentration 1.0ml/g,temperature 45℃and pH 8.0.The soluble dietary fiber of corn consists of Xyl,Ara,Gal and Glu.

Corn seed-coat is a major byproduct of the wet-milling cornstarch industry and rich in arabinoxylan.The method of L-arabinose crystalline preparation was carried out in the report.After corn hull being hydrolyzed by the diluted sulfuric acid, the hydrolysis solution was found mainly consisting of arabinose,xylose and glucose.Yeast WYSI5-3 was aerobically cultured in the hydrolyzed solution followed by neutralizing with calcium carbonate to remove xylose and glucose.The result solution was decoiorized with active carbon,desalted with exchange resins and then concentrated.L-arabinose is obtained as crystalline state from aqueous ethanol,and the yield is 9.6% based on corn seed-coat dry mass.The method is easy,feasible,and suitable for industrial preparation of L-arabinose from corn seed-coat.

Objective:To prepare lycopene liposomes.Methods:Lycopene liposomes were prepared by conventional rotary- evaporated film-ultrasonication method The uniform design coupled with computerized optimization was adopted to screen the formulations and preparation processes,lycopene of liposome was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)thennograms of the liposomal samples were recorded respectively.Results: The data showed that the ratio of lycopene,cholesterol and phospholipids is 3:10:100.The optimum concentration of PBS (phosphate buffer solution)is 0.01mol/L and the temperature of PBS is 31℃.Conclusion:The liposomes are uniform and unilamellar particle with effective diameter of 0.7μm and the optimum entrapment efficiency is 68%.

In order to deeply investigate the technology of pectin extraction,pectin samples were extracted from apple pomace with hydrochloric acid and two enzymes(cellulase and bemicellulase).Solubilized pectin was characterized for monosaccharide composition,intrinsic viscosity and viscosity average molecular weight by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection(HPAEC-PAD)and viscosity detection.Enzymic extraction methods gives higher yields and better solubility of solubilized pectin.Average viscous molecular weight of solubilized pectin with hydrochloric acid, cellulase and hemicellulase treatment is 292600,122400 and 165200Da,respectively.

This paper reported the results of several kinds of pretreatment on vacuum freezing drying(VFD)of Tanbu’s taro. The microwave treatment of Tanbu’s taro for 3 minutes ranks first with the sensory evaluation the score 86.0.2% Citric acid is the best color fixatives to taro,with△E~*ab values after being vacuum dryed and restored as 1.77 and 3.80 respectively.In the treatment between 25℃or 75℃,the vacuum freeze drying of taro at 50% for 30 minces has all optimum quality.And its reconstitution rate in water is 2.78 times and water-keeping rate 60.85%.

By using a kind of simple,convenient,cheap and effective absorbent,or the activated bleaching earths,the article discussed the experiment of recycling the fried oil.It has put forward the optimum technology conditions of recycling the oil.

The extraction of flavonoids in Gynura was studied and the antioxidant effects of the extract were evaluated as well.The results showed that the highest extraction rate of flavonoids can be obtained with 70% aqueous ethanlo soaked a ratio of solid to liquid 1:25 with microwave output power 600W and microwave irradiation time 120s.The optimum conditions of operation were decided as follows:the raw material is soaked for 30min at 50℃in water-bath,then with the assistance of microwave,the raw material is extracted once again.The extraction ratio for flavonoids is 59.7%.The restraint ratio of the extract towards DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2- picryl hydrazyl)is 91.2% at 0.66mg/ml,and the restraint ratio of the extract to antioxidant lipids is 14.4% at 1.32mg/ml.

This paper reported the preparation of the typeⅡcollagen from chicken articular cartilage.The typeⅡcollagen was digested by various pepsin concentrations in acid solution.By investigating viscosity changes of typeⅡcollagen,the optimal pepsin concentration and digestion time have been obtained in this process.To get the purer typeⅡcollagen,DEAE-sephalose CL 6B column chromatographer was applied and repeatedly deionized in water elution.The results suggested that the optimal digestion conditions are 1% pepsin for 24 h.The extracton rate of typeⅡcollagen by two methods are 67% and 81% respectively.Analysis results of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis,RP-HPLC,amino acid components and violet chromatography showed that the prepared typeⅡcollagen by this method is a high purity product.

Objective:To optmize the actetone extraction processing for bitterness such as naringin,limonin and nornilin in Guanxi pomelo.Methods:Study the effects of different tissue materials to,degrease or not degrease with different degrease solvents for extraction rate,and to optimize the extraction conditions,including actetone dosage,extract time,temperature and pH by orthogonal test.Results:The optimum conditions for actetone bitterness extract are as follows 20 times actetone(V/m), extracting in water bath for 15h at 40℃and pHT.0. Conclusion:The new extraction method can extract the primary bitterness (naringin,limonin and nomilin)from Cuanxi pomelo.

The adsorption and desorption of macro-porous resin on Aspergillus-type Douchi melanoidin were studied.The results showed that the sorption of X-5 resin is optimum.The study also showed that the X-resin has greater sorption at pH6.0,concentration 30.12 mg/ml and flow speed 1.5ml/min.With concentration of alcohol 60%,the desorption is the most effective at 1.5 ml/min and normal temperature.

By studying the characteristics of adsorbing apple polyphenol with AB-8 resin,the optimum conditions for separating and purifying apple polyphenol were obtained.The results showed that,when the purity of apple polyphenol of initial sample is 0.759%,the content of apple polypbenol of test solution is 1.648mg/ml,with 60% ethanol as eluting solvent, while the moving speed of is 1ml/min and the eluting speed 0.5ml/min.The purity of apple polyphenol can be up to 39.98%.

The extraction technology of the cAMP from winter-dates with microwave-assisted extraction was studied,and cAMP was analyzed by HPLC(high performance liguid chromatograly)method.Several factors,such as marinated time,extraction time,microwave power and ratio of material and liquor were investigated and the appropriate MAE(microwave-assisted extraction) conditions were obtained from the orthogonal test.The optimal MAE conditions are as follows:microwave power 200W,marinated time 6 hours,extraction time 3 minutes and ratio of material and liquor 1:20.

Volatile oils of Citrus medea L.var.Sarcodactylis(Noot)Swingle were respectively extracted by cold-press,steam distillation(SD),organic solvent extraction(OSE)and simultaneous distillation-solvent extraction(SDE).Through comparing the yields and content of potential components on GC and GC-MS for the volatile oils,the optimal extraction method is determined. The results showed that steam distillation is superior to other methods.This method has the advantages of fast and thorough extraction,time sating,low cost and high yield of volatile oil.

This study prepares stewed beef by the traditional way,and a response surface methodology design for the extra beef fat(2%,4% and 6%),cooking temperature(80,100 and 120℃),cooking time(1,2,3h)was applied to investigate the influence of these factors on the stewed beef aroma.The stewed beef aroma was used to quante descriptive analysis.Response surfaces clearly showed how the extra beef fat,cooking temperature and cooking time influenced the generation of stewed beef flavor,and the best conditions were the extra beef fat 5.6%,cooking temperaturel06.21℃,and cooking time 2.31h through the single factor sensory score analysis and the mathematic model.

Optimization of bound volatile aroma compounds hydrolyzed byβ-D-glucosidase in Glorious Oranges juice of Orange was studied.The bound volatile aroma compounds were absorbed and separated by AmberiiteXAD-2 from Glorious Oranges,and optimum of hydrolysis of bound volatile aroma compounds byβ-D-glucosidase was studied by orthogonal test. The volatile aroma compounds were analyzed by GC and GC-MS.The result shows that optimum conditions are:enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 40℃,the enzymatic hydrolysis time 24h and the enzymatic quantity 200U.

A Thermophilic Bacillus strain for secreting thermostable neutral protease was isolated from high temperature soil sample.The purification steps included 80% saturated ammonium sulfate sedimentation first,then with DEAE-Sepharose fast flow anion exchange chromatogram and Superdax 75 gel filtration on AKTA purification 100 protein liquid chromatogram system,and the final purification-fold 4.36 and recovery rate 5.31% were obtained.The molecular mass 30.6kDa was estimated by SDS-PAGE.The optimal pH and the protease temperature were 7.5 and 65℃,respectively.The protease was stable at 50"C during for 1 h incubation.The protease was inhibited markedly by serine protease inhibitor PMSF（phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride）and metal ion chelator EDTA（ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid）.Andalso the protease activily is enhanced by Zn2+.So the protease belongs to Zn2+activated serine protease.

For the synthesis of carotenoids bacterium Erwinia uredovora.MgSO4 had the best positive effects among 8 inorganic salts,which can promote the growth of Erwinia uredovora and increase its pigments yield.All of the four carbon sources （glucose,sucrose,maltose and glycerol）could promote the cell biomass and biosynthesize the carotenoids with glucose as the best.As for the 5 nitrogen sources,yeast extract served as the best nitrogen source for the growth and pigments accumulation, followed by peptone and beef extract.Erwinia uredovora could not utilize urea and ammonium nitrate.The carbon and nitrogen cencentrations the culture media are 2.45～4.90g/L and 1.60～2.40g/L respectively,beneficial to both the cell growth and carotenoids production.The optimal C:N ratio is 2.5:1.It showed that the stability of carotenoids the acetone extract of Erwinia uredovora becomes worse and degrades fast during the first 24h under the room temperature.11 pigments are detected from Erwinia uredovora.

A phage,named KS461-2,was separated from the abnormal fermentation liquid of Pseudomonas fluorescens A46 strain which produced 2-keto-D-gluconic acid.The KS461-2 was tadpole-like bacteriophage as observed by electron microscope. According to ICTV(International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses),it belongs to the Siphoviridae family and is a virulent phage. The optimal MOI(multiplicity of infection)of KS461-2 is 0.01.Temperature and pH value had remarkable effects on the stability of phage KS461-2.One-step growth curve showed that the latent period is 30min,the burst period 135 min,and the average burst size 24 phage particles fmfected cell.SDS-PAGE profiles indicated that KS461-2 contains five structural proteins, and their molecular masses are 66.0,61.0,42.5,34.7 and 14.4kDa respectively.

In this paper,Crucian was used as the raw material.A three factors three levels orthogonal test was used to confirm the optumum extracting conditions of acetyl cholinesterase(AChE)from the Cmcian liver so as to analyze the protein content and enzyme activity in the AChE coarse enzyme solution and compare the AChE activity and protein content in the liver and brain.As the enzyme restrain method was used to evaluate the restraining effects of dichlorvos,phoxim,triazophos,dimethoate in the coarse enzyme solution.The results of this study showed the pH,the type of the extraction solution and the quality volume ratio of the raw material to the extraction solution affect the activity of the enzyme significantly.Among the four organic phosphorus pesticides,dichlorvos shows the greatest restrain effect.

11 lactic acid bacteria strains were separated from three kinds of traditional fermented vegetables(cabbage radish, and pimiento),and primarily identified and screened in this paper.The results showed that the lactic acid bacteria strains are obviously dffferent,most of them exists in bacilliform and spherical foral;Short Lactobacillus is mainly found in fermented radish, while short Lactobacillus and Pediococcus combined are primarily found in fermented pimiento;whereas Streptococcus and small Lactobacillus are dominating in fermented cabbage.Besides the above lactic acid bacteria,there are also three other kinds of lactic acid bacteria:Brochothix,Erysipclothrix and Enterococcus also.Lactobacillus diffused widely in three vegetables.There are also acid nitrite producing strains existed in the three fermented vegetables.Specitically,Enterococcus separated from pimento must not be used as pure fermentation strain because of high nitrite producing capability.Different strains show much different capability in producing acid and different flavor during pure fermentation;For pure fermentation of radish,four strains were screened to give good taste and flavor,low salinity,rapid acid producing,long shelf-life and strong capability of restraining bad microorganism. The fermented time can be controlled in seven days,and pH can be achieved below pH4.

Endophytes fungus strains were screened firstly from Pseudolarix kaempferi Gord.,and the active strains were screened with improved TTC(3.5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride)microdilution method.MIC(minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC(minimum bactericidal concentration)were detected against eleven food spoilage swains.The results showed that 28.5% endophytes strains have antimicrobial activity where 15.2% endophytes have higher anthmicrobial activity among which JJ18 strains have broed-spectrmn antimicrobial activity to bacteriun,yeast and mycelial fungus.While JJ314 has strong antimicrobial activity to bacterium and yeast.Antimicrobial active endophytes strains from Pseudolarix kaempferi Gord are potential resources for foods antiseptic.Microdilufion method is accurate and reliable.

Lipase inactivation of oat bran was studied by boiling,dry-heating,microwave heating and extruding in this paper. The results showed that extruding could greatly inactivate the lipase and even make it lose activity completely.The extract rate of soluble dietary fiber is 9.444%,and the extract rate insoluble dietary fiber is 7.980%,when the oat bran is extruded at 130℃105℃-90℃,feed-speed 300r/min and screw-speed 400r/min.

In order to improve soybean dregs added value,soybean dregs were utilized as medium to ferment Bacillus natto. Firstly,a Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the affecting factors of Bacillus natto fermented.Initial pH value, fermentation temperature and bran content are significant factors.The others had no significant effect on fermenting Bacillus natto.The steepest ascent experiment is used to approach the optimal conditions subsequently.Finally the optimized conditions are confirmed initial pH value 6.02,fermentation temperature 36.4℃and bran 0.31% further optimized with response surface methodology.The best result is 4.35×10~9CFU/ml life bacteria count under the optimized conditions.

Glutathione,one of the most important biological active substance plays a central role in metabolic pathways of live organisms.In this paper,A,B two cation ion-exchange columns were used to isolate and purify of GSH from yeast extract.The technology parameters of both A and B were:for column A,sample pH 5.5～6.0,for column B,sample pH 2.6～2.8,column B eluate 1.2% NaCl.The recovery rate of GSH is more than 70%,while the GSH has been purified more than 100 times.

A new lentinan extracting technology from lentinus edodes was developed with neutral proteinase,and the separation of lentinan by microfiltration was studied as well.The crude powder of lentinus edodes was treated by neutral proteinase before extraction in water.The optimized enzyme-based extraction conditions are as follows:treatment temperature 50℃,pH value of extraction media 5.0,extraction time 60 min and mass ratio of enzyme to lentinus edodes 1.5:100.Comparing with traditional extracting technology by water,the extraction yield of lentinan increases 40%,and the concentration of protein decreases 50% with the enzyme-based extracting technology.With two kinds membrane molecular weight cut-off 50 kD and 300 kD,the lentinan is separated into three parts:the small molecular weight polysaccharides without protein,the middle molecular weight polysaccharides with a tittle protein,and the large molecular weight polysaccharides with large amount of protein.The optimized separation conditions of ultrafiltration are as follows:temperature 35℃,pH value 7 and pressure 0.15MPa.

Two stages appear during storage softening in Dongzao fruit.It soften slowly in the early stage but quickly in the later stage.PG activity rises in the last storage stage.While Cx-cellulase activity changes are similar to that of PG.PME activity peak appeares prior to the stage of fast softening and senescence,and possibly relates to the startup of fast softening and senescence.

Using chromosome DNA of S.thermophilus as template.Thymidylate sythase(thyA)gene was amplified by PCR with ExTaq DNA polymerase,and purified by purification kit.Subsequently,the PCR production of thyA gene was cloned into the pMD-18T,transformed into DH5αThe recombination plasmid containing thyA gene was selected and identified by restriction enzyme analysis and by PCR amplification and sequence.The results showed that the whole thyA gene is cloned already(about 900bp).Sequence analysis showed that the thyA gene displays 99.9% nucleotide identities with the published sequences.The thyA gene offers a good foundation for the shuttle vector construction by thymidylate synthase(thyA)gene as a selective pressure.

A strain with high nattokinase activity was screened through the UV-induced mutation and fibrinogen plate and shake- flask liquid fermentation.The optimization of NK liquid fermentation was studied in this paper.The results showed that the optimal fermentation medium is nutrition meat broth,the optimal fermentation time 24 h,and fermentation temperature 30℃.With this optimization,the enzyme activity of the screened strain can reach 640 U/ml.Its enzyme activity is increased 258%.

As chemical drugs and UV used to exterminate the single parent protoplasts were choosen as hereditary markers, with 0.01% triadimefon content and irradiated by UV 2 rain,the optimum conditions of the orthogonal test are:33.3%(W/V) concentration of crude corn in fermenting material,400 U/g of glucoamylase(per gram of raw corn),9%(V/V)inoculum of yeast, and initial pH 5.5.The orthogonal test indicated that the fusion strain LZ-3 produces the highest amount of alcohol,or 9.0% alcohol after incubation at 42℃for 72 hours.

The processing parameters of microwave-enzyme method,used to produce corn retrograded starch,were optimized by respond surface methodology.The optirnal hydrolyzing parameters by a-amylase are 85℃for 10 min,the ratio of liquid to solid 4:1,α-amylase 1.68 U/g starch;the optimal pasting parameters with microwave are 1.26 kW 92℃for 1min;the optimal dealing parameters with pullulanase are 53.31℃for 3.26 h,pullulanase 4.13 NPUN/g starch.The productivity of resistant starch reaches 13.45% with the optimal processing method.

A determination method of deoxynivalenol(DON)in wheats and corns by capillary gas chromatography was studied. Samples were extracted with acetronile-water(84:16,V/V).The wheats liquid extracts were then purified by Florisil columns, while the corn liquid extracts were purified by a two-step procedure with both Florisil and active carbon columns.The final extract was then derivatized with N-heptafluorobutyrylimidazole(HFBI)and quantitated by GC with electron capture detector(GC- ECD).Recoveries of DON were spiked at 0.5～1.5 mg/kg ranged from 82.2% to 98.5% for wheat and from 86.0% to 103.4% for corn,with relative standard deviations of 6.2%～7.6% and 6.4%～8.0%,respectively.The limit of detection(S/N=3:1) of this method is 0.01 mg/kg for DON.The linearity of the detector response is proper in 0.075～15 mg/kg.21 wheat and 20 corn samples were analysed by GC-ECD,whereas 10 wheat samples are found contaminated with DON in 0.153～4.618 mg/kg.17 corn samples are found contaminated with DON in 0.116～3.004 mg/kg.

Pork texture was assessed by two instruments determination(shear method and texture profile analysis,TPA)and also by sensory evaluation on cooked meat.Shear force is significantly(p＜0.05)correlated with sensory hardness and juiciness (r=0.73,-0.71,respectively).The hardness of TPA is significantly(p＜0.05)correlated with sensory hardness(r=0.81)and the cohesiveness of TPA significantly(p＜0.05)correlated with sensory springiness,juiciness, and greasiness(r=-0.79,-0.67, -0.81,respectively).Stepwise regressions between instruments and sensory evaluation are obtained,and the better model belongs to TPA parameters for prediction of sensory characteristics.Also,TPA prediction models are verified.

A new glucose biosensor has been made by chitosan to immobilize glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase on the screen-printed electrode surface.The system is based on methylene blue as an electron shuttle between peroxidase and electrode.Cyclic voltammetry and current-time curve were employed to investigate the electrochemical characteristics of the glucose biosensor.Under optimal conditions,the range of the sensor response to glucose is from 8.0×10-5mol/L to 3.5×10-3mol/L.This method of glucose detection displayed better anti-jamming capacity and high reproducibility.The screen-printed electrode is simple to prepare and easy to use.

Based on the catalytic effects of trace formaldehyde on the reaction between potassium bromate and oxidized azur A,a new catalytic spectrophotometric method has been developed in this paper.The detection limit is 0.019 mg/L with linear range of 0.045～0.56 mg/L.The RSD(relative standard deviation)is 0.38%.This method has been applied for the detection of trace formaldehyde in disposable paper cups.The results showed that the paper cups can be used safely,with little formalde- hyde content.

 A high-performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC)procedure for determining 5 biogenic amines was introduced. The method was based on a reversed-phase column(HP Hypersil ODS column,125mm×4.6 mm×5μm)for precolumn derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and fluorometric detection(excitation wave length at 340nm and emission wave length at 450 nm).Biogenic amines are separated by gradient solution,with the flow rate 1.0 ml/min.It allowes simultaneous determination of 5 amines in less than 15 min for histamine and tyramine,putrescine,cadaverine and tryptamine.Linearity for each amine is observed between 0.01 to 25 mg/L.Detection limits range from 0.005 to 0.01 mg/L.The average recovery of cheese for biogenic amines was 92.6%～107.4%.The method is simple,fast and reliable.It can meet the determination needed for biogenic amines in cheeses.

A catalytic spectrophotometry for the determination of trace vanadium(V)based on its catalytic effect on discoloring reaction of oxidation of arsenazoⅢ(AsAⅢ)with potassium bichromate in a weak acid medium is described,and the addition of Triton X-100 can further increase the sensitivity of the reaction and its catalytic extent is linear with the content of V(V).The reaction rate is monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in absorbance of AsAⅢat 550 nm after a fixed time(8 min).The calibration graph is linear in the range of 0.0～20.0μg/L vanadium(V)and the detection limit of the method is 0.15μg/L.Combined with ion-exchange resin separation.The method has been successfully applied to the determination of V(V) in food samples with the relative standard deviation of 1.18%～4.00% and the recovery of 97.5%～102.5%.The results are in good agreement with those provided by AAS method.The method has also been applied to the determination of V(V)in human hair,plant and tea samples,and the results are in agreement with certified values.

Adopting and improving the pretxeatment of determination of fluorine in foods with diffusion-spectrophotometery in the national standard,the method for determination was replaced by ion chromatography,so a new method for determinating the fluorine in fish by diffusion-ion chromatography was developed.The pH value of the solution was reduced by a home-made electrochemical neutralizer.The solution was then fit to be determinated by ion chromatography.There is linear correlationship between the mass concentration(mg/L)and peak height(nS)of the fluorine,with the coefficient of 0.9980.The detection range is 0.04～5.00 mg/L.The average recoveries of two spiked samples with 1.00,2.00 mg/L are 94.00%,98.00% respectively,and the within-day and between-day precisions are 3.93%,2.78% respectively.Limit of detection and limit of quantification are 1.58,5.25μg/L,respectively.This method would be expected to be used for the determination of micro fluorine in other biological samples.

Fat-soluble components in seed of Litchi chinensis were extracted by Soxlet extraction method.The fat-soluble components were esterified and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.30 fat-soluble components were identified respectively.9-octadecenoic acid,9,12-octadecadienoic acid,hexadecanoic acid,octadecanoic acid and 2-octyl- cyclopropaneoctanoic acid are the chief components,and their relative contents are 30.42%,11.77%,8.74%,4.94% and 32.93% respectively.The fat-soluble components in seed of Litchi chinensis have high nutritional and healthy fuction,and further development and application potential.

Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is a chemical raw material prohibited to be added into food as a food additive,There.There is no national standard method for determination of sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate in wheat flour so far.In this paper,the background values of 122 wheat flour samples were determined with the method recommended by General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine in 2002.It was expected that the values can provide scientific principles for inspecting sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate content in wheat flour.The average background value of the(formaldehyde in 122 wheat flour samples is 3.85mg/kg and the variations range is between 0.92mg/kg and 6.77mg/kg.For the 95% probability,the confidence interval range for the 122 wheat flour samples is from 1.40mg/kg to 6.31mg/kg,whereas the maximum confidence value of 6.31mg/kg can function as the background value of wheat flour this way.

Acetyl-acetone spectrophotometric method is adopted to analyze the content of formaldehyde in mushroom and aquatic products.The sample is soaked in water at low temperature before adding phosphoric acid and distilling,and the temperature of cooling water is controlled below 10℃and at last the content of formaldehyde in sample is analyzed by spectrophotometer.Through the opitimization of the analysis conditions,the limit of quantitation is 0.1mg/kg,the recovery is between 90% and 111%,and the relative standard deviation is between 5.6%～8.5%.

 The content of polysaccharides in Stanuntonia Chinensis was determined by the method of phenol-sulfuric acid,to assay the absorbance at 490 nm.The results showed that there is a good linearity relationship between the absorbance and the content of standard glucose in the range of 8～64μg.The method is simple,convenient and accurate,and has good reproducibility. The affecting factors in the assaying process were discussed in this paper respectively.By this method,the content of polysaccharides in Stanuntonia Chinensis is found to be 12.02%.

Gelatinisation and retrogradation of starch and flour properties from 8 wheat species were studied by DSC to fit Avrami equation.The correlationship between thermal kinetics and the contents of amylose and protein was evaluated by SPSS. For both of starch and flour,amylose content is negatively correlated with gelatinisation enthalpy(△H),weakly correlated with Avrami exponent(n),highly positively correlated with rate constant(k)and highly negatively correlated with degree of retrogradation (DR).For flour system,the protein content is negatively correlated with△Hf,highly negatively correlated with kf and positively correlated with both nf and DRf.

A highly sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of Iodine based on the oxidation of I- to I3- by IO3- and the further reaction of I3- with acridine red to form the ion-association complex [AO][I3]in dilute phosphoric acid solution.In the presence of polyvinyl alcohol the solution is transparent.Theλmaxof the absorption spectrum is 584 nm against reagent blank.It was discovered that the absolute value of theλmaxis proportional to the IO3- concentration.The molar absorptivity isε=5.27×105 L/mol·cm for normal assay at 584nm.Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 0～7.0μg/25ml.The method has been applied to the determination of iodine in biological samples with satisfactory results.

According to the coliforms characteristics of producingβ-galactopyranosidase(referring to ISO 9308-1:2000).The 4-metylunbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside and 4-metylunbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside broth(MUGal broth)were prepared. The broth was compared with the lactose-bile ferment tube(specified by GB4789.3)and lanryl sulfate typtose broth(specified by SN0169)for the detection of 13 standard strains.The yield of coliform and other bacteria obtained by the above three media were the same.48 food samples were detected by the above methods with the positive defection percentage results of MUGai method were 47% higher than standard method.After the cultures of the higher suspected parts were tested again with the lactose fermentation,and oxidase and reducing nitrate test together with the ApI-20E test.The results showed that the coliforms percentage tested are 95.1%.It was proved that the method of detection for coliforms in foods with 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside is sensitive,accurate and rapid,particularly useful for routine monitoring of food sanitation determination.

HPLC method was established to determine cholesterol in animal foods.The final chromatographic conditions are:C18chromatographic column,diode-array detector,detector wave 205 nm,100% methane elution influent and flow rate 1.0ml/min.The relative standard deviations of this method is below 5% and the recovery is between 96%～102%.The satisfied results can be obtained under this chromatographic conditions,and the separation can be finished within 15 min.The results showed this new HPLC analysis method is both correct and fast enough to be used in assaying most foods containing cholesterol.

Determination of vitamin C(V/C)in guava fruits by HPLC with 0.1% orthophosphoric acid as the mobile phase was studied.Three different solutions were used to extract the VC.The method with 3% metaphosphoric acid-8% acetic acid showed high mean recoveries(98.5 %),while the LC-extraction method with 0.1% oxalic acid was proved to be unacceptable in some cases with mean recoveries as low as 72.5%.The good precision(RSD=1.6%)is achieved with the metaphosphoric acid-acetic acid LC--extraction method for determining VC in guava fruits with recovery as high as 98.5%,as a perfect routine analysis method.The content of VC in the fruit varied with different parts.The pulp close with the pericarp contained the higest content as 220.4mg/100g,while the middle part the lowest with only 85.78mg/100g.

This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between lutein and zeaxanthin structures and their anti-tumor effects.Methods:Zeaxanthin and lutein were purified from corn protein residues,and then structures modified by mono-and di-acetylation of their ionone ring hydroxyl groups.The structures of the modified products were characterized by means of UV-visible absorption spectroscopy,HPLC-mass spectroscopy and 1~H-NMR spectroscopy.The tumor inhibitory effects of mono-and di-acetylated zeaxanthin and lutein were compared with that of natural zeaxanthin and lutein by MTT(methylthiaz olydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide)assay with human mouth epithelia/cancer KB line as model cells.Results:Zeaxanthin and lutein showed lower anti-tumor-proliferation activities after mono-and di-acetylation of their ionone ring hydroxyl groups.Conclusion:The hydroxyl groups in zeaxanthin and lutein molecules make significant contribution to the function of anti-tumor-proliferation activity.

The chitosan was isolated from Armillariella mellea(AMC),and its relevant physical and chemical properties were analysed.The effects of chitosan from Arillariella mellea(AMC)on the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster and D-galactose. induced mice aging were observed,and also the ability of learning and memory,the activities of SOD,the levels of MDA in serum,the thymus index and the spleen index were assayed.Results showed that the purity of such chitosan is 95%,the degree of deacetylation is 92%,and the viscosity average molecular weight is 85000.The AMC has remarkable anti-aging effects.

Cultivating Hela and LiBr assays in vitro were used to inhibit tumor with about 99% purity lycopene crystals test samples.The results of MTT（methy lthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide）,cell growing curve and plate cloning showed that the lycopene crystals inhibition on Hela and LiBr was prominent p＜0.01.IC50were 10.2μmol/L and 10.8μmol/L,respectively. The dose-effects relationship and time-effects relationship were prominent.Cell colony of Hela was not found after 10 d cultivation.And a few cell’s colonies were found in both Libr and LDH cell fluids was increased prominently after 48h.The cell membranes of Hela and LiBr were damaged by lycopene crystals.It indicated that the inhibition on Hela and LiBr cells of lycopene has direct killing rerlationship.

Effects and mechanism of RSPS on S180tumor growth inhibition were studied in this paper.The tumor-bearing mice were gained by being implanted S180cells inoculated in right front axillas.The S180-bearing mice were injected with physiological saline,cyclophosphamide and RSPS into its intra-peritoneal.The indexes were detected for the weight of rumor and immune organ, immune function and antioxidation capability.Results showed that RSPS could inhibit tumor growth in vivo and the inhibiting rate was between 20.66% and 34.71% at 50～200mg/kg·d of RSPS.RSPS could also enhance immune capability,thymus index,spleen index,macrophage phagocytic rate and phagocytic index,delayed-type hypersensitivity,splenic antibody formation and serum hemolysin content,while inhibit mice lactate dehydrogenase activity,improve the mice catalase activity and decrease the MDA content in mice serum.The tumor inhibiting mechanism of RSPS can promote immunocompetence and antioxidative activities and inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase.

Objective:To study the preventive effect of Masson Pine Pollen on rats with benign prostatic hypertrophy(BPH) and its mechanism.Methods:Twenty-four SD rats were divided into 3 groups.Three groups were fed with normal diet.The group 2 and group 3 were fed with 3 starch tablets(as placebo)and 3 Masson Pine Pollen tablets per day respectively,and the group 2 and group 3 were be pair-fed with group 1.After two weeks,group 2 and group 3 were injected with testosterone propionate (4mg/kg)which was mixed with olive oil.At the same time,group 1 was injected with olive oil(1ml/kg)alone.Two weeks later, the pathologic slices of prostate were observed,and the sex hormones contents,trace elements zinc,copper and antioxidantive enzymes of serum,prostate and liver were determined.Results:It showed that the prostate hyperplasia symptoms of Masson Pine Pollen group are much better than those of placebo group.Testosterone level of group 3 is lower than that of group 2 and no distinct difference from control.The estradiol level in serum of rats in group 3 is the lowest.Conclusion:Intaking Masson Pine Pollen could improve the symptoms of BPH.The preventive mechanism can regulate sex hormones balance.

Objective:This study was designed to research the effects of daidzein on bone calcium metabolism in ovariectomized rats.Methods:Forty 90-day old female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups.10 rats were operated with ovary as Sham group for the control（Sham）.Other 30 rats were ovariectomized for OVX,OVX-E（Drenched 100μg/kg·d bw. d Diethylstilbestrol,DES）and OVX-D group（Drenched 100mg/kg·d bw Daidzein,Da）,10 in each one.After feeding 90 days, all of rats were killed to collect the blood and bone samples.The content of Ca,P,Mg,Zn,Mn in serum and bone were assayed. Results The results showed that the content of Ca,P,Mg,Zn in serum in OVX group were similar to those in Sham group,while P,Mg,Zn were decreased significantly in OVX-E and OVX-D groups compared to Sham groups（p＜0.01,p＜0.05）.The content of bone Ca and Zn in OVX-E and OVX-D groups were increased,compared with OVX group,accessing the normal lever.And then the ratio of Ca:P in serum and bone was increased by 36.4% or 48.6%(p＜0.01**).Conclusion:The Ca utilization and deposition in bone were increased because the higher ratio of Ca:P and lower level of P,Mg,Zn in serum were controlled by Da or DES.However,ALP in serum has relation with endogenous estrogen.

This study is to evaluate the effects of proso millet prolamin concentrate(PMP)on cholesterol metabolism in mice, by comparing the concentrations of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c)and triglyceride(TG)of mice given diets containing PMP(supplemented with 1.83% Lys and 0.23% Trp),or casein or soy protein isolation(SPI)respectively.The mice fed with PMP supplemented with Lys and Trp showed that HDL-c concentration(p＜0.05)is the significantly highest and atherogenic index(AI)is the lowest without affecting the level of TC and TG among three groups.In vitro,the PMP can not suppress the activities of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl- ccenayme,a(HMG-CoA)reductase.It means that the PMP concentration can not inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol directly. Perhaps it can adjust the serum cholesterol metabolism by other ways.

Undaria pinnatifida dietary fiber(Up-df)was fed to BALB/C mice.Then the mice were executed and assayed for delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH)induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB),hemolysin formation,the carbon particle clearance index K,phagocytic indexα,T cell subsets,lyre phocyte proliferation,natural and killer(NK)cell cytotoxicity.It was found that the administration of Up-df enhances the carbon particle clearance index K,and phagocytic indexαof normal mice, as well as DTH induced by DNFB,hemolysin formation,the carbon particle clearance index K,phagocytic indexα,T cell subsets, lyre phocyte proliferation,and NK cell cytotoxicity in immune-deformed mice.It suggested that the intake of Up-df can partly rejuvenate the immune reactivity of the immune-deformed mice.

The Caulis polygoni multiflori holds significant therapeutic effects on improving the mice sleep quality.This paper studied the three active components of Caulis polygoni multiflori through its extraction,separation and edulcoration.They are found to be glycoside,anthraquinone and flavone.Based on the method of GB(Method for the Assessment of Sleep Improvement Function),three mice groups doses were adopted:high,middle and low,to processing the sleep improvement function.The results showed that the sleeping of mice can be improved by the three components extracted from Caulis polygoni multiflori(p＜0.05).

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effects of proanthocyaidins from lotus seedpod（LSPC）on mice B16 melanoma.Methods:The mice were fed with different dosage LSPC continuely for 13d,on the 14thday,all mice were killed, and the inhibition rate of B16 melanoma was calculated.The changes of apoptosis cells in morphology were observed,and the expression of HMB45 and S-100 protein in B16 melanoma were tested by immune histochemistry method.Results:LSPC can inhibit the proliferation of B16 melanoma.The dosage of 120mg/kg·bw shows the most significantly difference in comparison with the control（p＜0.01）.The inhibition rate of B16 melanoma reaches 55.3%,and the cell apoptosis analysis presents a sub- peak.Conclusions:LSPC has the inhibitory effects on the B16 melanoma and the mechanism is to induce the apoptosis.

Bletilla glucomannan(Bg)was used as the preservation material.The concentration of 0.6%,1% and 2% were used at the ambient temperature (about 20℃),in comparison with no Bg film at ambient temperature and refigerafion(0～4℃).Indexes such as:sense-index,total acidity sugar,solution-protein,SOD,Vitamin C,respiration rate,hardness and weight-lost rate were assayed during storage.The results indicated a positive correlationship between the preservation effects and Bg.During the storage period,Bg could decrease the fruit nutrion loss and weigh-loss rate,and inhibits the respiration and delay the senescent course.

This paper mainly studied the activity of polyphenol oxidase extracted from persimmon and the inhibition of browning degree.It can be the scientific foundation of inhibiting the browning chain promoted by the enzyme.The results showed that the optimum conditions were:temperature 20℃,pH 6.6,the substance consistence 12 mmol/L.The inhibitors are 0.1% sodium sulfite and 0.3% phytic aci,which can control the activity of polyphenol oxidase and the persimmon browning.Hold the persimmon in water of 100℃for 30 s or put it into boiled water for 120 s,to make the polyphenol oxidase lose activity so as to control the browning effectively.

In this paper,plate count was adopted to detect the biological inhibiting effects of several preservatives such as gluconolactone,fumaric acid,glycine and so rbic acid,against the microorganism on fresh water fish.The results showed that the optimum half inhibit concentrations(IC50)are:the gluconolactone IC500.205%,the fumaric acid IC500 0.431%,the glycine IC50 0.172%,and the sorbic acid IC500.145%.The complex consisting of gluconolactone,fumaric acid,glycine and sorbic acid can reduce IC50to 35%.It is not only much more effective in preservation,but also in enhancing texture,anti-oxidation of fish oil and improsing flavor of the fish products.

Allium species have many bioactive constituents such as sulfur compounds,steroidal saponins,flavonoids, polysaccharides.They have the physiological functions of diminishing inflammation,preventing blood platelet conglomeration, antioxidation,reducing cholesterin,anticancer,antidiabetic effects and so on.The research advances of bioactive constituents and pharemacological functions of Allium species were reviewed in this paper.

CO2 is generally recognized as a safe food additive.It has been used in some dairy products to prolong their storage life.This article discussed the effects of dissolved carbon dioxide on raw milk to extend its storage life and also on part of its component so as to elucidate the antimicrobial effects of carbon dioxide in raw milk and its mechanism;to demonstrat the effects of low temperature,different concentration and pressure of CO2 for antimicrobial effectiveness;to illustrate the impact of adding CO2 on milk organic acid,casein and whey protein,vitamin A,vitamin E,soluble calcium and ionic calcium,and the free monosaccharide fraction and also to evaluate sensory properties in raw milk;and finally to analyze the application prospect of carbon dioxide on pasteurization.

This article summarizes the characteristics of allergens and the control measures corresponding to nunage food safety allergens.It mainly describes the types and features of allergens,the mechanism of allergic reaction,the development of their testing techniques and evaluation methods.Thus we suggest the allergen management on product identification,establishment of allergen data base in food industry,development of non-allergenic and low allergenic product,control to prevent cross contami- nation during non-allergen product and allergen product processing and prevention of allergens impact and treatment of disease caused by allergen reaction.

Antihyperglycemic mechanism ofα-g1ueosidase inhibitor was mainly explained in this paper.It also introduced how theα-glucosidase inhibitor was used to treat non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.Furthermore,there showed someα- glucosidase inhibitor deriving foods.

It is significant for the exploitation of the ice nucleation proteins(INPs)on the structure of the INP and the characteristics of forming the ice-nucleation.A systemic introduction is made on the researches on the structure of the INPs especially the three dimensional structure and the prediction of the three dimensional structure of the INPs.In the end,the structure characteristics with the presence of biotical activities required are also discussed.

The colloidal system with beverage of high starch corn was studied with the gum chemistry basic principle.The optimum conditions were obtained to keep the colloidal system stable in the corn beverage.The colloidal system of corn beverage thus produced can kept more than 3 months.

The study provided one leisure food processing craft which could maintain the color,the fragrance,the taste and the shape of the fresh Flammulina velutipes.The experiment results showed that:the suitable hardened conditions are:soaking the material with 0.5% calcium chloride in 1.0% sodium chloride mixed solution for 30min;the optimum inactivation conditions are: scalding with 0.3% citric acid and 0.07% antiscorbutic acid mixed solution for 3min and the optimum drying conditions are:piling the material for 2cm and dried at 50℃for 100min,and turned five times during the process of drying.