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Table of Content

15 May 2007, Volume 28 Issue 5
Effects of Calcium Ion on Calpains mRNA Expression,Activity and Degradation of Muscle Protein
ZHU Yan, XU Xing-Lian, LUO Xin, ZHOU Guang-Hong
2007, 28(5):  25-28. 
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In order to evaluate the effects of calcium ion on calpalns mRNA expression and proteolysis activity,and muscle protein degradation,L6 myoblast and beef fascicle were used in vivo and in vitro samples respectively in this study.The results indicated thatμ-calpains activity increases when the calcium ions concentration is less than 500μmol/L,otherwise,theμ-calpains activity disappeares due to autolysis.The effects of calcium ion on m-calpain are less effective than onμ-calpain.Furthermore, calcium ion also accelerates the degradation of beef muscle proteins in vitro experiments,mRNA expressions ofμ-,and m-calpain both increases in L6 myoblast during the L6 had low death rate in vivo experiment.Therefore,it could be deduced that the calcium ion can not only activate calpains proteolysis activity and accelerate the degradation of muscle proteins,but also lead to mRNA expression ofμ-,and m-ealpain when the muscle cell is still alive.
Extraction of Coriander Leaf Essential Oils by Soxhlet Method and Components Analysis and Scavenging Effects of Sodium Nitrite
LU Zhan-Guo, GUO Hong-Zhuan, LI Wei
2007, 28(5):  29-32. 
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The essential oils were extracted from the fresh aerial parts of coriander(Coriandrum sativwn L.)by Soxhlet’s extraction method to reach 0.252% yield.The components of the essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS,and a total of 60 constituents were assayed with 41 compounds identified accounting for 94.200% of total.The esters are the most abundant accounting for 57.755%,with hydrocarbons 11.300%.Aldehydes and aromatic comkpounds account for 16.168% and 8.077%, respectively.The essential oils were studied for scavenging effects of sodium nitrite.The maximum scavenging rate is 69.7% when used essential oil 0.8ml.
Study on Effects of Compound Emulsifiers with Molecule Distilled Monoglyceride on Soft Ice Cream Quality
LIU Mei-Sen, HE Wei-Ping
2007, 28(5):  32-36. 
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Three kinds of compound emulsifiers(weight proportion 1:1)consisted of molecule distilled monoglyceride(HLB 3.8)/hydrophilytical molecule distilled monoglyceride(HLB 10.5),molecule distilled monoglyceride/sucrose(HLB 11),and mol- ecule distilled monoglyceride/sucrose(HLB 13).The effects of compound emulsifiers on the soft ice cream quality were studied by means of testing the viscosity and emulsification-stabilization of ice cream,the rigidity,overrun,and melte resistance of soft ice cream.The results showed that the HLB value and the components of compound emulsifiers have significant effects on the quality of soft ice cream.
Research on Pungency Ratings Method for Capsicum and Products
XIONG Ke, XIA Yan-Bin, WANG Yan, LIU Rong
2007, 28(5):  37-40. 
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The research on the pungency ratings method was carried out on foreign capsicum and products.Combining with our country’s condition,the precision method of HPLC was introduced to measure the capsaicinoids index to build up a set of ratings by this method.Its application was discussed as well.
Inhibitory Effects of Alcohol Extracts from 22 Specie of Herbs on Nonenzymatic glycosylation in vitro
HUANG Da-Ming, ZHANG Zhi-Cai, LIAN Bin, CUI Feng-Jie, ZHAO Jie-Wen
2007, 28(5):  41-44. 
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The inhibitory effects of alcohol extracts from 22 species of herbs,aminoguanidine,and metformin on the non- enzymatic glycosylation of protein in vitro were compared.The herb extracts were prepared by extracting the herbs with alcohol, concentrated and adjusted the solutions to 100 ml.The extracted solutions(1 ml)were mixed separately with PBS(1 ml),and heated in 90℃for 40 min to remove alcohol.The resulting samples mixed with the reactive solution containing glyoxal and bovine serum albumin were incubated at 37℃for 14 d.The AGEs contents were assayed by the specific fluorescence with emission at 440 nm upon excitation at 370 am.Results indicated that the bud of Sophora japonica holds the highest inhibitory activity(96.7%)on the non-enzymatic glycosylation reaction.And Radix scutellariae(93.79%)and Rheum glabricaule(93.15%) also show higher inhibitory rate than both the other herbs and the positive control aminoguanidine(89.56%)(p<0.01).Our findings showed that the extracts of bud of S.japonica,R.glabricaule and R.scutellariae can inhibit non-enzymatic glycosylation of protein in vitro,and may be useful for developing agents to treat diabetes and vascular complications prospectively.
Study on Preparation of Non-crystallization Starch Granules
XU Li-Hong, ZHANG Ben-Shan, YANG Lian-Sheng
2007, 28(5):  45-49. 
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A simple method for preparation of non-crystallization starch granules(NCSG)was reported.Maize starch was treated with mixtures of ethanol and NaOH solutions at a controlled temperature.The treated starch was then neutralized with HCI,washed,and dried at 50℃for 6 h.No polarization crosses appeared when the NCSG starches were examined under polarized- light microscope,which indicated changes of crystalline structures.Crystillity of starch was compared between the treated sample with native starch with X-ray diffraction patterns.The resulting starches displayed most of crystalline structure changed to non- crystalline structure.Light microscope pictures showed NCSG remained intact granules.Scanning electron micrographs(SEM) showed that the surfaces of NCSG lost flatness or smoothness,and became rough or accidental.Different reaction conditions gave different appearances of granules.Lesser concentrations of ethanol,greater concentrations of NaOH or higher reaction tempera- tures gave the indented rough appearances,otherwise,the smooth appearances.
Study on Extrusion Effects on Gelatinization Degree and Density of Lotus Flour
XUE Jun, YANG Lin-Yan, ZHOU Hui-Ming
2007, 28(5):  50-52. 
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The Hunan lotus was extruded by DS32 Twin-Screw Extruder under different conditions of processes.The changes of the gelafinization degree and the samples density were studied under the different material moisture contents,barrel temperatures and screw speeds respectively.The conclusion is that the gelatinization degree and the density of the extrudants are changed evidently by changing the moisture contents and the screw speeds.
Study on Relationship between Bovine Milk Somatic Cell Counts and Milk Ion Profiles
XING Hui-Min, YUN Zhen-Yu, LI Yan, SHAO Li-Jun, YU Fei, YUN Zhan-You, ZHANG He-Ping
2007, 28(5):  53-56. 
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427 milk samples were collected from 30 Holstein dairy cows in the farm of Huhhot suburb during May to October in 2005.The milk samples were segregated and categorized into five different SCC(somatic cell counts)groups.The concentrations of chloride,potassium,sodium,total calcium,free calcium ion in milk and SCC were determined respectively.The results showed that significant positive correlation exists among concentrations of chloride,sodium and the SCC(p<0.001);the correlation between free calcium and SCC is negative(p<0.05);while total calcium and potassium are poorly correlatied(p>0.05).The correlation between the contents of SCC,chloride,potassium,sodium,total calcium,free calcium ion in milk and month is poor (p>0.05).The concentration between chloride and total calcium has significant positive correlation(p<0.001);The positive correlation exists between the chlorideion and sodiumion between the total calcium and free calcium and between the sodiumion and total calcium(p<0.05).The rest is of correlation(p>0.05).
Study on Adsorption Capability of Methamidophos from Concentrated Apple Juice on Activated Carbon
TIAN Hong-Lei, ZHAN Ping, LI Kai-Xiong
2007, 28(5):  56-59. 
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The adsorption capability of methamidophos from concentrated apple juice on activated carbon were studied in the paper by wave extraction and gas-chromatography technology,the optimum technological conditions of degradation were obtained: the concentration of activated carbon 15%,the processing time lmin,the concentration of diatomite 6.3%.
Effects of Candida utilis Extract Compositions on Glutathione Seperation Efficiency of D001 Cation Ion Exchange Resin Columns
WANG Miao, SU Xiao-Jin
2007, 28(5):  59-62. 
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In this paper,the effects of the Candida utilis WSH 02-08 extract compositions on the glutathione(GSH)adsorption efficiency of D001 cation ion exchange resin columns were studied.The results showed that the big molecular weight polypeptides obviously affects the adsorption efficiency of D001 cation ion exchange resin for GSH.By ultrafiltraion treatment of the extract with respect to a suitable extract method,the content of the big molecular weight polypeptides in sample decreases largely,down to MW<2000 and MW<4000 respectively,whereas the adsorption efficiency of D001 cation ion exchange resin for GSH increases obviously from about 40% to above 70%.
Garlic Alliinase Preparation and Purification Testing
LI Yu, XU Shi-Ying
2007, 28(5):  63-66. 
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Garlic alliinase was prepared and purified to study its enzyme and spectral characteristics.Fresh garlic alliinase was processed and MV/VD was one step purification with Sephacryl S-200 gel column.RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis methods were adopted to teat alliinase purity.The results showed that the purity of alliinase through Sephacryl S-200 gel column is very high,achieving electrophoresis purity.The purity degree of alliinase prepared through Sephacryl S-200 gel column can be used for study on enzymtic and spectral characteristics.
Research on Berberis heteropoda Schrenk Red Pigment Extraction and Its Stability
TENG Yun, ZHANG Guo-Qiang, PENG Zi-Mo
2007, 28(5):  67-70. 
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The fruits of Berberis heteropoda Schrenk were used as raw material to extract the red pigment.The experiment studied the effects of light,heat,reductant,oxide,preservative,sucrose and metal ions on the stability of the pigment.The results showed that the pigment of Berberis heteropoda Schrenk is a type of anchocyanin.It can be applied according to the condition of pH<7.It is strong in light endurance to some extent,good also in enduring heat and low consistence H2O2(<0.1%).But it is poor in corrosion resistance against Na2SO3 and sodium benzoate.It is also found that sucrose and most of metal ions do not exert negative effects on the stability of the pigment,except Fe3+,Fe2+and high consistence Pb2+(>50.0×10-3mol/L),which show effect to some extent.
Study on Antioxidative Activity and Stability of Cranberry Extracts
MAO Shao-Chun, LI Zhu-Ying, LI Cong
2007, 28(5):  71-73. 
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The antioxidative activity of cranberry extracts and its stability in different conditions were studied with photometric method.The results showed:The scavenging percentage of cranberry extracts to hydroxyl radical is 78.4%,and to superoxide radical is 91.5%,while the extracts inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidantion is 85.7%.It is very stable in acid solution,NaCI solution and under 75℃.The effect of light on stability is very little.
Antioxidant Activities of Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Bee Collected Rape Pollen
ZHU Xiao-Li, SUN Li-Ping, DONG Jie, ZHANG Zhi-Wu, ZHANG Hong-Cheng
2007, 28(5):  74-76. 
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Antioxidant activity of enzymatic hydrolysates of bee collected rape pollen(BCRP)was studied in vitro.Superoxide anion radical,hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxidation arc found to be inhibited by 87.4%,61.2% and 95.9% respectively with the concentration of enzymatic hydrolysates of BCRP at 50 mg/ml.Compared with the water extract of BCRP,the enzymatic hydrolysates of BCRP demonstrate higher capabilities in scavenging superoxide anion radicals and hydroxyl radicals and similar effects in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
Modeling of HPLC Analysis of Food Additives with Neural Network
TANG Ming-Xiang, CHEN Hai-Yuan, YANG Gong-Ming, LI Kai-Xiong
2007, 28(5):  77-80. 
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An artificial neural network(ANN)model is constructed to predict the retention time,based on the high performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC)analysis data of seven food additives.The model is created in the structure of feed-forward network with the algorithra of back propagation.It is a double-layer topological network,including one hidden layer.The optimum node number of hidden layer is determined.With these parameter values,the model can be trained accurately,and the training speed are kept in an appropriate range.The network redundancy and the drop of constringency speed are avoided.The simulation results shows that the network can be trained stably by basic BP algorithm,and the predicting results are well in accordance with experimental data.
Effects of Three Phospholipids on Sulfur-containing Volatile Components in Maillard Model Systems
ZHANG Hui-Li, TIAN Hong-Yu, SUN Bao-Guo
2007, 28(5):  81-85. 
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In order to improve the phospholipids application in meat flavor,the effects of three phospholipids to the sulfur- containing volatile components in Maillard model systems were studied.Three phospholipids were added into the Maillard reaction models made of L-cysteine and D-ribose,heated at 140℃for 1 h.The products were extracted by CH2Cl2,and were analyzed by GC-MS.The Maillard reaction system including phospholipids showed better meaty flavor.Many of the volatile products of Maillard reaction were decreased due to the effects of phospholipids,including acylthiophenes,heterocyclic thiols, thiophenones,bicyclic-compounds,mercaptocarbonyls and a few oxazoles.The reaction of oxidative products of phospholip- ids with the intermediates of Maillard reaction gives forth 2-alkylthiophene,alkenylthiophene,pentylthiapyran,alkanethiols and others.
Effects on Qualities of Lower Sugar Grape Must and Wine with Freeze Concentration Technology
SUN Hui-Hui, MA Hui-Qin, CHEN Shang-Wu
2007, 28(5):  86-89. 
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Freeze concentration is a useful method to improve the quality,nutrition,and aroma of must and wine.In this study, the freeze concentration technology was applied so as to increase the sugar content 53.8 g/L by 5°Brix for Rose Honey grape must.After freeze concentration,the content of titratable acidity was almost doubled,while the pH of the must was nearly stable.Comparing the freeze concentrated grape must with the sugar added treatment,the former shows characteristics of shorter lag phase and higher intensity of fermentation,while the later one performs a longer log phase,and slower fermentation processing with sluggish character.On the sensory qualities,the wine from freeze concentrated must expresses remarkable color, aroma,taste and body structure improvement.
Study on Soy Oil Chill-fractionted Extraction Technology with Isopropyl Alcohol
LIU Wen-Sheng, XU Zi-Qian
2007, 28(5):  89-92. 
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The chill-fractionted extraction technology soy oil with isopropyl alcohol(IPA)was studied and the energy consumtions were compared with the tradition methods so as to decide concentrations of isopropyl alcohol with miscellas and temperature effects on upper and lower phase.The changes of different oil contents and concentration effects of free fatty acid and phospholipid during the process were discussed.The study prove the feasibility of isopropyl alcohol to take the place of n-hexane.
Study on Extraction Process of Ergosterol from S.cervisiae Dry Yeast
XUE Dong-Hua, LI Ya-Li, LI Xiu-Ping, 吕Jun-Nan , MA Li-Juan
2007, 28(5):  93-96. 
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Dry yeast S.cervisiae as raw material,dissolve it in the solution of 20% potassium hydroxide,saponify and reflux it for 2.5 h at 95℃,extract with diethyl ether,concentrate it and drop gradually it in temperature from 4℃to-7℃to get ergosterol crystal.The next step is to dissolve the crude product in the diethyl ether and to recrystalliz with gradual temperature lowering, so the crystal of the ergosterol is obtained.The yield of the ergosterol crystal is 0.69%(relative to the dry yeast),and the extract rate can achieve 62.58%.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)is employed to observe the morphology of the ergosterol and the infrared furrier spectrometer is used to record the infrared spectrum of the ergosterol.
Study on Processing Technology of Lactic Acid Fermented Chestunt with Raw Milk
CHEN Gang, SU Wei
2007, 28(5):  97-99. 
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The processing technology of chestunt and raw milk fermentable beverage was studied in the paper.This kind of pure natural beverage is based on chestunt enzyme digestion with raw milk.Colour protector,enzyme digestion and choice of stabilizer is discussed.The optimum formula and processing technology are established.
Technics Study on Tomato Powder Preparation by Spray Drying or Vacuum Freeze Drying
SONG Hong-Xin, LI Hong, LIU Xiao-Yang
2007, 28(5):  100-103. 
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According to contents of lycopene and physical characteristics of the tomato powder,the methods of spray drying and vacuum freeze drying were compared for is the production of tomato powder.The preservation rate of lycopene is higher by vacuum freeze drying than the spray drying,but the spray drying method applicable better to industrialized production.The optimum technical conditions are:the air temperature at the inlet 160℃,and at the exit 80±2℃,the dry matter content in the prepared slurry as 12%,the temperature of slurry 55℃,the rotating speed of centrifugal atomizer 28000 r/min.
Study on Optimizing Water-soluble Actinidia chinensis Fruit Polysaccharide Sulfate Conditions by Orthogonal Test
TIAN Long, WANG Qing-Lin, HAN Yun-Chao, WANG Yun, CHU Xue-Ying
2007, 28(5):  103-106. 
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Polysaccharide in Actinidia chinensis fruit was sulfated with chlorsulfonic acid-pyridine.Reagent proportion,reaction temperature,and reaction time were selected with substitution degree and yield as index by L9(34)orthogonal design.The results showed that the optimum conditions are:volume ratio of pyridine and chlorine sulfonic acid 2:1,reaction temperature 45℃, reaction time 3 h.
Study on Extracting Technology of Dark Red Pigment in Cinnmonum camphora
JIANG Yi-Hua
2007, 28(5):  106-109. 
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The optimum extraction conditions and production rate of Cinnmonum camphora dark red pigment were established with orthogonal test L9(34)and Duncan method.The results of the experiment showed that the optimum extracting conditions are pH13.0 NaOH solution at 100℃for 45min with the solid-liquid ratio 1:150(g/ml).The productivity is 72.2%.
Study on Extraction Technology and Pigment Stability from Canarium pimela Skin
YANG Yong-Li, GUO Shou-Jun, ZHUANG Hao-Chuan, MA Rui-Jun, CAI Wei-Zhen
2007, 28(5):  109-115. 
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In this paper,the optimum conditions of extracting pigment from the skin of Canarium pimela,the extracive stability and the effects of different additives on the stability of extractive were studied.
Study on Methods Choice of Extracting Alpinia officinarum Hance Pigment and Its Properties
HUANG Fu, SONG Wen-Dong, FENG Ying-Jun
2007, 28(5):  116-120. 
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In order to develop the south China special product smaller-galanga and extract the pigment,the methods of extracting smaller-galanga pigment by the zymotechnics-acidity is chosen.Scanning the UV absorption spectroscopy of smaUer-galanga pigment,its maximum absorb wavelength,325 nm is used.Its refractive index is 1.361 and the extraction theory is initially discussed. After having been tested from both the dissolution of pigment,and the effects of light,heat,pH,Na2SO3,H2O2,seven common food additives,Fe3+,Cu2+,Zn2+and Na+ on pigment liquor stability,it shows that smaller-galanga pigment keeps its stability under the conditions:pH2~5,light,Fe3+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Na+,Na2SO3 and seven food additives,but it is faded easily in the effects of H2O2 or heat.However,the smaller galanga-pigment is worth developing.
Study on Fish Oil Microencapsulation Preparation and Optimum Wall Compositions
WAN Yi-Ling, HONG Peng-Zhi, QIU Cai-Hong
2007, 28(5):  120-125. 
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The microencapsulation was prepared with sodium alginate and chitosan as wall materials and self-made fish oil as core by complex coacervation.Using surface structure,yield,effciency and release property as evaluating guidelines,the optimum wall compositions and processing for fish oil microencapsulation made by complex coacervation were systematically obtained. Results showed that the optimum conditions of microencapsulating fish oil were:ratio of wall-material to core-material 2:1,ratio of wall-material 2.5:1,emulsifier amount used 0.1wt%,Glutaric dialdehyde amount used 3.5 ml,the pH 9 and temperature of reaction 60℃,the stir speed was 800r/s.
Study on Technology of Extracting and Purifying Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch Polysaccharides
ZHANG Ji, GAO Yi-Xia, WU Guang-Peng, WANG Yun-Pu
2007, 28(5):  125-127. 
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A water-soluble polysaccharide was extracted from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch by methods of boiling water and ethanol deposition.The optimal conditions were determined by the othoganal test.The crude polysaccharide was obtained after removal of protein by Sevag and papain enzymolysis method.Moreover,purify was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The content of polysaccharides was measured by phenol-sulfuric acid method.The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions are:70℃,1 h,and the ratio of Artemisia seeds powder and water 1:150.Artemisia seed polysacchatides were shown to be a homogenous component by electrophoresis.In addition,the total content of Artemisia seed polysaccharide is 96.45%.
Enzymolysis Research on Preparation of Angitensin Coverting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Pinctada martensii Protein
HAO Ji-Ming, ZHANG Chao-Hua, GUO Shun-Tang
2007, 28(5):  128-131. 
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The enzymolysis methods of angiotensin coverting enzyme inhibitory peptides(ACEIP)from the edible parts of Pinctada martensii were studied in this paper.The amino acid score is 83 and it suits to prepare ACEIP.The optimized enzymolysis conditions,including selection of optimal protease,were estibilished.The inhibitory activity of pepsin’s enzymatic hydrolysate was best among 6 proteases selected in this research.The optimal conditions are:pH 2.2,hydrolysis temperature 39℃,enzyme concentration 3%,enzymolysis time 6.0 hours and substrates concentration 12%.In such conditions,the inhibitory activity of pepsin’s enzymatic hydrolysate and the IC50are 81.7% and 1.323 mg/ml,respectively.
Experimental Study on Technology Used for Brewing Bifidobeer
LI Dai-Kun, ZHANG De-Chun, MU Xiao-Ping, QIU Jian
2007, 28(5):  132-135. 
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To study the technology used for brewing bifidobeer fermented by Bifidobacterium bifidum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Australia malt is sprinkled and milled.Wort is prepared by lixiviated saccharification,filtered,hops added,boiled and co-fermented by Bifidobacterium bifutum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and followed by antisepsis and centrifugation. The quality of beer is evaluated by several important performances.Malt and rice are smashed well.Wort is very good,in which fermentable sugar andα-amidonitrogen are moderate.Quality performances of bifidobeer are up to the criterion with not only improved favor and health function,but also simplified preparation of functional oligosaccharide and enhanced development of industrial fermented food products.However the technology used for brewing bifidobeer needs to be improved for large-scale production and market sale.
Optimization of Fuling (Poria coccus) Polysaccharides Extraction Technology
CHEN Li, YU Jian-Ping
2007, 28(5):  136-139. 
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This paper compared several Fuling(Poria coccus)extracting techniques.The results showed that the Fuling polysaccharides extracting technology that combines enzymolysis with hot water extraction can improve the extracting rate of Fuling polysaccharides significantly,or 2.32 times of that of hot water extraction.Additionally,the combined extracting technology has the advantages:shortening extracting period,mild extracting conditions for stable stereoscopic structure and high biological activity of extracted Fuling polysaccharides.The paper also determines the optimum processing conditions for Fuling polysaccharides extraction with the combined extracting technology.
Study on Optimum Extracting Process of Total Flavones from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill Leaves
ZHENG Chun-Ying, LI Hong-Tao, LU Xin-Yuan, ZHOU Dong-Po
2007, 28(5):  139-142. 
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The optimum extracting conditions of flavones in Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill leaves were investigated by single factor test with the orthogonal test design.The main factors affecting the content of total flavones extracted from Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill leaves were the material-liquid ratio,the extraction temperature,the extraction time and the alcohol concentration.The results showed that the optimum conditions were:85℃,60min,75% alcohol and material-liquid ratio 1:35. Under the conditions,the contents of total flavones in Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill leaves collected in both July and August are 6.0285mg/g and 8.0714mg/g,respectively.
Study on Extracting Yeast Saturated Fatty Acids with Urea Inclusion Method
ZHAO Feng-Li, CHEN Rui, LU Cui-Wen
2007, 28(5):  142-145. 
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The fat-producing optimum conditions of high-yield yeast(Candida Yeast-1-1)were studied in this experiment.An optimum method of yeast fat urea inclusion complex of saturated fatty acids using multi-criteria cross experiment was obtained. The optimized liquid fermentation mediums are as follows:0.02% MnCl2,0.03% FeSO4,0.3%(NH4)2SO4,3%C6H6O and pH6.5,at 120 r/min and 30℃.The optimum extracting conditions of yeast fat urea inclusion complex are:ratio of urea and fatty acids(3:1),refluxing time(30 min)and cooling temperature(0℃).
Membrane Technology Study on Concentrating and Purifying Pectin Polysaccharide Extracts from Citrus Peel
LIU He, XU Xue-Ming, GUO Shi-Dong
2007, 28(5):  146-149. 
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Ultrafiltration was applied to concentrate and purify the crude pectin polysaccharide .The results indicated that the ash is almost deprived after ultrafiltration.The color shade value is reduced to 0.2 and clarity increased 27% in comparison with the original pectin solution.
Elimination of Main Biological Pollutants in Vinegar Processing with Spray Tower
YANG Dong-Xia
2007, 28(5):  150-152. 
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Vinegar eel and vinegar louse are the main biological pollutants that would affect the vinegar quality,produce peculiar smell and decrease output of vinegar liquor.So the application of vinegar spray method to eliminate the pollutants,vinegar cel and vinegar is the key to solve the problem must be solved.The elimination of two major pollutants with the speedy spray tower was studied and the method has not been yet reported so far.
Optimum Preparation Conditions of Brewer Yeast Spent Flavour
LI Ke-De, ZENG Qing-Xiao
2007, 28(5):  152-157. 
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The optimum preparation conditions of brewer yeast spent extract flavor were studied in this paper.These conditions include reducing sugar,methionine,VB1,VC,pH,temperature and Maillard reaction time.The results showed that the flavour of brewer yeast spent extract can be enhanced by Maillard reaction.The optimum Maillard reaction conditions are obtained by single factor and orthogonal test,as:50% consistence of yeast extract,1.5% ribose,1.5% xylose,1% cysteine, 1%methonine,0.5% VB1,0.5% VC,pH7.5,temperature 105℃and reaction 2 hours.The flavour of brewer yeast extract has been enhanced after Maillard reaction and can be widely applied to food industry.
Application and Research on Analytic Hierachy Process (AHP) and Quadric Orthogonal Regression Experiment on Processing Craft of Chili Sauce
WU Yan-Wen, TAN Wei, LU Xiao-Li
2007, 28(5):  158-162. 
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Chili sauce was taken as the research object,with the binary quadric orthogonal regression method as the design experiment,and the sense organs assess as the test indices.Taking AHP as the analyzing means,the optimum conditions of chili sauce data were studied with respect to xanthan gum and sugar content,the ratio capsicum of to tomato and heat treating time. Through the AHP and quadric orthogonal regression experiment,the processing craft of chili sauce include:ratio of capsicum to tomato 1:4,heating-up temperature 100℃,heating time 5min,sugar content 11.78%,xanthan gum content 0.73%,CaCl2 content 1%,monosodium glutamate content 0.01%,vinegar content 0.06% and water content 14.3%.
Study on Pigment Extraction from Rehmannia glutinosa with Ultrasound and Its Stability
ZHANG Zhen-Ling, ZHANG Qing-Ling, YANG Hai-Ling
2007, 28(5):  162-165. 
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Objective:The fresh glutinous Rehmannia pigment extract and its stability were studied.Method:Fresh Rehmannia glutinosa’s fresh block root was taken as raw material and extracted by organic solvent using ultrasound.The optimum extracting conditions were got with orthogonal test.Result:The optimum conditions are temperature 40℃,treating for 10 min with ultrasound and ratio of material to ethanol absolute 1:3(W/V).Under these conditions,the extraction rate is 6.6%.Results showed that the pigment is stable on alkalesccnce condition,and pH value,heating,oxidants and some metal irons have tremendous effects on it, but ultraviolet radiation and antioxidants have little effects on it.Conclusion:The optimum extraction conditions Rehmannia glutinosa pigment are established by single factor test and orthogonal test.The stability of the pigment is confirmed.
Application Study on Agaricus blazei Dietary Fiber in Processing Bread
ZHANG Yan-Rong, LIU Ting-Ting, LI Yu
2007, 28(5):  166-169. 
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Agaricus blazei dietary fiber processed with different methods was studied in processing bread.Through orthogonal test analysis,the optimum conditions are determined as follows:Agaricus blazei dietary fiber is extruded with 0.175mm size,15% amount of dietary fiber added and least amount as bread additive 1.0%.In this technology,the bread quality is the best.
Study on Extraction Conditions of Mistletoe Flavonoids
LIU Cheng-Mei, LI Li, TIAN Jian-Wen, LI Chu, LIU Wei
2007, 28(5):  169-172. 
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Three extraction methods were compared to extract flavonoids from mistletoe.The results showed that the yield of ultrasonic aided extraction was much higher than that of supercritical CO2 fluid or reflux extraction methods.Orthogonal test was used to evaluate the effects of three methods.The optimum ultrasonic extraction conditions are as follows:adding 80% ethanol,exuacting 15 rain,the ratio of solid and liquid 1:40.The extraction yield of flavonoids is 1.37%.
Study on Extraction and Purification of Total Glucosides of Paeony from Radix Pueoniae Alba
LI Shan, WANG Ya-Nan, LIU Xiao-Yu, ZHANG Xue-Wen, CONG Pei-Jiang
2007, 28(5):  173-176. 
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The optimum extracting process of total glucosides of Peaony from Radix Pueoniae Alba by aqueous method was obtained after using L9(34)orthogonal test plan.We selected three elements-water amounts,extraction hours and extraction times to observe their effects on the extraction of total glucosides of Peaony.The orthogonal test results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows:the water is 12 times of the Radix Puconiae Alba,it is decocted 3 times and each time is sustained for 3 hours.The major factor affecting the content of total glucosides is extraction times.On the basis of these experiments,we used D101macroreticuler resin to purify the extraction and the final content of total glucosides is up to 80.5%.
Study on Optimizing Technology with Response Surface Methodology to Enhance Dry Protein Content of Soy Isolate Protein
ZHANG Li-Hua, ZHANG Dong-Jie, ZHANG Gui-Fang
2007, 28(5):  177-181. 
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In order to obtain high dry protein content of soy isolate protein,using the physical methods controlling pH gradient to change acid precipitating step,and adding sodium chloride to alter ion intensity of solution,in order to separating 11S and 7S orderly.Therefore,it could enhance the dry protein content of soy isolate protein.On the basis of single factor test of material fluid proportion,temperature,sodium chloride addition,response surface optimization design was carried on to enhance the dry protein content of soy isolate protein on the most superior parameter condition.The result indicates the best condition that material fluid proportion is 1:11.35,the extract temperature is 48.63℃,NaCl addition is 0.126 mol/L,which leads to the dry protein content of soy isolate protein to achieve 96.04%,and is better than the market products that is 93.31% to increasing 2. 67%.
Application of Water-soluble Corn Dietary Fibre in Bread Making
SHI Chang-Bo, MA Yong-Qiang, HAN Chun-Ran, SUN Zhao-Yuan, LI Xiao-Mei, CHENG Ling-Min
2007, 28(5):  181-184. 
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The optimum formula of bread added water-soluble corn dietary fiber is studied,and the effects of the solubility of corn fiber on the textural,staling and dough rheological properties of bread are studied.
Isolation and Identification of A Class IIa Bacteriocin-producing Lactic Acid Strain from Traditional Cheese
LIU Guo-Rong, ZHOU Kang, LI Ping-Lan, ZHANG Jin-Lan, ZHOU Wei
2007, 28(5):  185-190. 
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A lactic acid bacteria strain,M-2,producing inhibitory activity substance,is isolated from a Inner Mongolia traditional cheese.The bacteriocin shows a strong antimicrobial activity against most of the tested spoilage and food-borne pathogenic bacteria, such as Listeria monocylogenes,Staphylococcus aureus and so on.After eliminating some interference factors such as the organic acids,hydrogen peroxides and so on,the antimicrobial activity still exisits.By ammonium sulphate precipitation,dialysis and concentration,this substance is inactivated when treated with proteinase K.M-2 is identified Enterococcusfaecium on the base of physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequences.The sequence fragment of 1675 bp 16S ribosomal RNA is amplified from total DNA of strain M-2 by PCR.The sequence analysis is completed by the application of BLAST on the websites of NCBI and the phylogenetic tree is drawn with Bioedit 7.0 with treedrawing.The results show that M-2 shares 99.87 % 16S rRNA sequence homology with Enterococcusfaecium strain SF.In phylogenetic framework of bacteria classification. strain M-2 belongs to Enterococcusfaeciurn.According to classification of bacteriocins,the bacterioncin belongs to classⅡa bacteriocins.
Study on Hydrolysis Kinetics Rice Dregs with Alcalase 2.4L FG
LI Ji-Hua, ZHENG Wei-Wan, SU Bing-Xia, ZHANG Bin
2007, 28(5):  190-194. 
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This paper discussed the hydrolysis kinetics on rice dregs with Alcalase 2.4L FG by pH-stat method:(1)The factors of reaction temperature,enzyme concentration,substrate concentration,pH value and reaction time were studied.(2) The maximum velocity and instant Km are determined by probing into the relation of the substrate concentration and reaction velocity:Km=0.6598mol/L,Vmax=0.00351mol/min·L.(3)Kinetics characteristics during the initial step of the enzymatic hydrolysis were discussed.
Effects of Enzymatic Treatment on Rapeseed Oil Degumming and Quality
WAN Chu-Jun, HUANG Feng-Hong, XIA Fu-Jian, LI Wen-Lin
2007, 28(5):  194-198. 
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An experiment of rapeseed oil degumming by phospholipase Al(Lecitase ultra)studied the effects of enzymatic treatment on the rapeseed oil degumming and quality.The results showed that the Lecitase ultra plays an important role in the rapeseed oil degumming.By doing orthogonal test,the optimum conditions of rapeseed oil degumming by phospholipase A1 (Lecitase ultra)were obtained as follows:pH 4.82,dosage of Lecitase ultra 150L U/kg,temperature 37℃and time of enzymatic treatment 3h.Under these conditions,the phosphorus content in degummed rapeseed oil is 6.97mg/kg.Meanwhile,the acid value and peroxide value of the degummed oil rise,and its color fades out.In the degummed rapeseed oil,the content of palmitic acid and oleic acid decreases,but the content of linolenic acid,linoleic acid,eicosenoic acid and erucic acid increases,while the other fatty acid content does not evidently change.
Molecular Clone and Expression of Nattokinase Gene in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis
HUANG Lei, XIE Yu-Juan, LI Shen, LI Dan, LIANG Feng-Lai, LIU Ru-Lin
2007, 28(5):  199-202. 
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Chromosome DNA was isolated from Bacillus subtilis(natto.var).Pre-pro-nk(encoding signal peptide,propeptide and mature peptide),pro-nk(encoding propeptide and mature peptide)and nk(encoding mature peptide)were then amplified from chromosome by PCR.The expression vector pET28a-nk and pHT315-nk was constructed and transformed into Escheri- chia coli and Bacillus subtilis to actively express nattokinase and be purified through ion-exchange chromatography.
Expression of crtY from Erwinia uredovora in Escherichia coli and Purification of Its Gene Product
LI Li, WU Zhe, GUO Dao-Sen, WANG Jing-Chao, LI Rong-Gui
2007, 28(5):  203-207. 
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Carotenoids can be accumulated in Erwinia uredovora.Several genes are related to the synthesis of carotenoids.One of the genes,crtY,encodes lycopene cyclase which catalyzes the conversion from lycopene toβ-carotene.CrtY is amplified by PCR and cloned into pET-15b to construct the expressing plasmid pET-15b-crtY,which is introduced into E.coli BL21(DE3) to construct the engineering bacteria.Overexpression of crtY in bacteria is achieved by IPTG induction.Recombinant protein can be purified by chromatography on nickel column and Superdex 75 column.The protein is homogeneous as judged by SDS-PAGE, and can catalyze the conversion from lycopene toβ-carotene.
Study on Isolation and Antioxidant Activity of Soybean Bioactive Peptides
ZHANG Li-Li, YAN Qun-Fang, WANG Tian
2007, 28(5):  208-211. 
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To prepare the soybean antioxidant peptides,various peptides in the soybean protein hydrolysates were fractionated by Sephadex G-25 gel filtration,then the scavenging capacity to hydroxyl free radical and the distribution of molecular weights of fractional peptides were determined and at the amino acids compositions of the optimal antioxidative peptide fractions were analyzed.The results showed that six fractional peptides are fractionated by Sephadex G-25 gel filtration from the soybean protein hydrolysates,SPP4 has the maximum scavenging rate to hydroxyl free radical 80.13% and its APCL is 4.The main amino acids in SPP4 are Val,Leu,Phe and Lys.The results indicated that soybean bioactive peptide composed of 2~6 amid acids has strong antioxidant acitivity.
Study on Screening and Fermentation Capability of Lactobaeter Yielding Exopolysaccharide from Kefir Grains
LIU Hui, XIONG Li-Xia, YI Xin-Xin, ZHANG Hong-Xing, ZHANG Jin-Yong
2007, 28(5):  211-215. 
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In this paper,the strain of high yield exopolysaccharide was obtained by high throughput screening technology and phenol-H2SO4 method.These strains prosecution test were assayed for fermentation capability and yogurt quality.Eight strains were screened for high yield exopolysaccharide and good fermentation capability.The results of identified bacteria species are: strain KTx,KL1 and J1 as Lactobacillus casei,strain Tx as Streptococcus thermophilus,strains KS4,J4,P1,P5 as Lactococcus lactis subsp,lactis.The viscosity of starter produced by Streptococcus thermophilus Tx is the best,coagulating time is the shortest, and sensory evaluation is the highest.This strain to exploit can be useed and manufacture functional kefir yogurt with good stabifity.
Study on Characteristics of PPO and Anti-browning Inhibitors in Pomegranate
ZHANG Li-Hua, SUN Xiao-Fei, ZHANG Yan-Xia, ZHANG Yuan-Hu
2007, 28(5):  216-219. 
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Spectrophotometer method was applied in this experiment to study the characteristics of polyphenol oxidase(PPO) in pomegranates.This article also analyzed the effects of citric acid,ascorbic acid,sodium sulfite andβ-cyclodextrin on PPO. The results showed that the optimum temperature is 40℃and the proper pH 7.0.In these circumstances,citric arid can significantly inhibit the activities of PPO,while ascorbic acid is also effective,but sodium sulfite andβ-cyclodextrin are less effective.Tannin has the biggest affinity with PPO among three substrates tested.
Research on Aspergillus oryzae Screening with Protoplast Electro Fusion
TANG Jie, CHE Zhen-Ming, LI Shuan-Mei, ZHAO Xu-Zhuang
2007, 28(5):  219-223. 
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This experiment inactivated protoplast of Aspergillus oryzae AS3.951 and CICC2339 with ultraviolet.Then the inactivated protoplast were fused with electro fusion.At last,two fused strains are screened namely EF113 and EF 222.Both of them shows high activity reaching 7680U/g and 7200U/g respectively,much higher than parent strain AS3.951.
Primary Study on Kinetics Model of Bacillus subtilis Batch Fermentation
ZHAN Xi, JIANG Feng, YIN Bin, CHEN Rong-Le, ZHENG Xiao-Dong
2007, 28(5):  223-227. 
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The fermentation process of Bacillus subtilis,an antagonist for postharvest biological control of green mold and blue mold on citrus fruit,was studied in a 70-L batch system.A simple model was proposed with the Logistic equation for growth, the Luedeking-Piret equation for antifungal substance production and Luedeking-Piret-like equation for substrate consumption, respectively.The fit values of the three models are 0.9934,0.8312 and 0.9455,respectively.The model appeares to provide a reasonable description for each parameter during the growth phase.
Optimization Study on Yeast Based Comprehensive Performance of Cider Yeast Fusant
ZHAO Zhi-Hua, YUE Tian-Li, WANG Yan-Ni, YUAN Ya-Hong
2007, 28(5):  227-231. 
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Using the yeasty fusant P6,W1,W12,W38 with aroma-improving capability of protoplast fusion with yeast strain 3#,comprehensive and complete performance studies,such as fermentation capability,stress resistance,flocculent property and high accumulation of trehalose were carded out.A fusand strain with excellent performance is obtained.The results will offer certain theoretical foundation for researching and developing the high quality cider arid AADY.
Study on Conditions for Protoplast Production and Regeneration of Bacillus subtilis natto
LIU Xin-Mei, GAO Yu, ZHAO Jing, LI Bing-Bing, LIU Shuo, DONG Ming-Sheng
2007, 28(5):  231-236. 
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The effects of natto strain BNK cultivation time,operational times,temperature and concentration of lysozyme on protoplast production and regeneration were studied.In addition,different operational methods, regeneration media,osmotic stabilizers and protective additives were also investigated.The appropriate conditions of cultur are 9h,BNK treated by 0.8 mg/ml lysozyme for 40 min at 30℃,then spreaded on PYG medium with mannitol as stabilizer and starch as a protector.Under these conditions the protoplast formation achieves 98.2% and regeneration frequency 28.4%.
Experiment Study on Utilization of Chicken Liver Esterase in Determination of Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides
XU Fei, XU Xue-Qin, ZHANG Hui-Jun, JIANG Mi, HUA Ze-Zhao
2007, 28(5):  237-240. 
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Based on the esterase inhibition actions of pesticides,different concentrations of dichlorvos,trichlorfon,malathion and carbaryl were determined by free and immobilized chicken liver esterase.The results showed that there are reasonable linear relationships between the logarithm of pesticides’concentrations and the inhibition ratio of esterase activity in lower concentration zones both for free and immobilized enzymes.With application of immobilized chicken liver esterase,the detection limits are 0.001,4.34 and 2.52mg/L respectively for dichlorvos,malation and carbaryl while after the free chicken liver esterase immobilized treatment,they are respectively lowered to 0.00004,0.0004 and0.78mg/L.However there is no obvious improvement in determination limit for trichlorfon with immobilized esterase.
Production of Low-lactose Milk Containing Galactooligosaccharides withβ-Galactosidase-catalyzed Transgalactosylation from Enterobacter sp.B5
LI Zheng-Yi, XIAO Min, LU Li-Li, LI Yu-Mei
2007, 28(5):  241-244. 
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Production of low-lactose milk containing galactooligosaccharides was studied withβ-Galactosidase by transgalactosylation activity from Enterobacter sp.B5.In this way it can ease lactose intolerance.Meanwhile,the galactooligosaccharides as bifidus factor can promote the growth of bifidobacterium.The fresh cow milk was then directly treated withβ-galactosidase of transgalactosylation activity derived from Enterobacter sp.B5.The types and amounts of total sugars of processed milk were analyzed by thin layer chromatography(TLC),high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC)and the software NIH ImageJ 1.36.About 70% of lactose contained in the cow milk was hydrolyzed to glucose and galactose,while at least 10% of lactose in the cow milk was changed into galactoofigosaccharides by the transgalactosidafion reaction.When the cow milk was treated withβ-galactosidase at an enzyme concentration of 3 U/ml at 50℃in 4 hours,a processed milk was obtained containing 0.59% of galactooligosaccharides including 0.37% of transgalactosylated disaccharides and 0.22% trisaccharide, 1.33% of lactose,and 2.83% of monosaccharide.The use of public-domain NIH ImageJ software for the quantitation of scanned images of thin-layer chromatography can help examine the transgalactosylated disaccharide(the isomer of lactose),which would otherwise not be detected in HPLC chromatogram comparatively.
Study on Isolation of Resveratrol-producing Fungus and Its Accumulating Characteristics
CAO Yong, TANG Yong-Hong, LU Cheng-Ying, HUANG Zao-Cheng
2007, 28(5):  245-248. 
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A fungus was separated from the tissue cultural processes of Polygonum Cuspidatum and the zymotic extracts were analyzed by TLC and HPLC.The fungus obtained is B-39 which can produce resveratrol.The optimized cultural conditions are: saccharine 20 g/L,NH4NO4 2 g/L,pH 6.8~7.0 and 100 r/min by orthogonal tests.3mmol/L Phe with Mg2+and Zn2+can increase the growth of the fungus B-39 and the content of resvertrol.The actual content resveratrol in the fungus is determined as 8.6617μg/100 ml by HPLC.
Study on Protease Seperation and Purification from Siraitia grosvenorii Fruits and Its Characteristics
SU Xiao-Jian, LIANG Cheng-Qin, HE Xing-Cun, LIU Guo-Xiong
2007, 28(5):  249-253. 
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The protease from the fruits of siraitia grosvenorii was purified by ultra filtration(UF)and DEAE Sepharose CL- 6B chromatography.Meanwhile,the processing conditions of the purified protease,such as optimal temperature,and optimal pH were studied.The results can provide scientific basis for the further development and appfication of the protease.
Continuous Lactose Hydrolysis in Milk with Osmotic K.lactis Cells
LI Su-Fen, CHEN Zhan-Zhou, LIU Jian-Fu, CHEN Qing-Sen
2007, 28(5):  254-257. 
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Osmotic K.lactis cells were packed into packed bed reactor to hydrolyze lactose in milk.The thermal inactivation of lactase entrapped in K.lactis cells followed the first-order kinetics,and its half-life was 9.5h at 40℃.Appearent K_m constant and maximum reaction rate for the enzyme were 0.39 mmol/ml and 0.188 mmol/min,respectively.The optimal reaction parameters for hydrolysis of lactose in milk with osmotic K.lactis cells packed in 2.6 cm×50 cm column are:flow rate 1.0 ml/min at 40℃.Under these conditions,hydrolyzed glucose concentration reaches 45.2 mg/ml.
Study on Aromatic Components Analysis of Roasted Green Tea by GC-MS
DOU Hong-Liang, LI Chun-Mei, QIAO Yu, GU Hai-Feng, ZHOU Li-Ming
2007, 28(5):  258-261. 
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Aromatic components of the roasted green tea were assayed by simultaneous distillation and extraction(SDE)with gas chromatogram-mass spectrum methods.Ninety-one volaile constituents were identified to account for 96.6% in total aromatic components.The major constituents are 9,12-octadecadienoic acid,linalool,hexyldecanoic acid,geraniol,linoleic acid methyl ester,nerolidol,cis,cis-7,10,-hexadecadiena,4-amino-benzenemethanol,α-cubebene and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, respectively.Some constituents are identified for the first time.
Study on Naphtha and Fatty Acid by GC-MS in Capparis spinosa L.Fruit
XIE Li-Qiong, MA Dong-Jian, XUE Shu-Yuan, TIAN Cong
2007, 28(5):  262-264. 
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Object:To study the naphtha and fatty acid in Capparis spinosa L.fruit.Methods:Naphtha and fatty acid were analyzed by GC-MS.Results:There are 46 compounds in naphtha of Capparis spinosa L,some of them in relatively high quantity. The isothiocyanate compounds are plenty,about 83.14% relatively.9 compounds have been identified,and oil yield is 15.6%. Conclusions:Analytic results of naphtha and fatty acid by GC-MS are reliable.
Study on Volatile Compounds of Shrimp Flavorings by Solid-phase Microextraction(SPME)
ZHANG Lian-Fu, SUI Wei
2007, 28(5):  264-267. 
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The volatile compounds of shrimp flavorings prepared from shrimp offal hydrolate,L-arginine,L-alanine,reducing sugars and thiamin via heat reaction were isolated by solid-phase microextracfion(SPME).The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Sixty-one kinds of volatile compounds were identified.Some important shrimp flavor compounds such as dimethyl disulfide,pyrazine,3-methyl thiazole,2,5-dimethyl pyrazine,2,6-dimethyl pyrazine,2,3- dimethyl pyrazine,trimethyl pyrazine,dimethyl disulfide,methyl pyrazine,benzeneacetaldehyde,4-methyl-5-thiazole ethanol, 2-furan methanol,etc.are identified in shrimp flavorings.
Application of Machine Vision Technology for Fast Calculation of Head Rice Milling Rate
GAO Xi-Duan, MENG Chao-Ying, JI Bao-Ping
2007, 28(5):  268-272. 
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Machine vision and image processing algorithm were applied to calculate the head rice milling rate with the rice outline. The pixels at the rice edge were detected by means of close imaging method.Since rice seems elliptic,the long axis of ellipse is used to realize fast calculation of head milled rice.In the present research,the correlation coefficient between the results found by machine vision detection and the d data obtained on manual detection is over 0.96.This detection procedure can be used in fast calculation of head rice milling rate.
Determination of Anions,Cations and Organic Acids in Human Nourishment Solutions by Ion Chromatography
LIU Xiao, WANG Wan, CAI Ya-Qi, MOU Shi-Fen
2007, 28(5):  272-275. 
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The present paper introduced a method to separate analytes.by ion chromatography columns so as to detect anions,anions and organic acids in human nourishment solutions with suppressed conductivity detector.The separa- tion and determination were obtained by(1)anions and organic acids:IonPac AS23 anion exchange column and KOH gradient eluent generated by ECJC eluent generator together with suppressed conductivity detector;(2)cations:IonPac CS 12A cation exchange column and MSA isocratic eluent together with suppressed conductivity detector.Diluting and injecting liquid samples to IC system,the lowμg/L ions in human nourishment solutions are obtained.The detection limits are from 3.6 to 59.0μg/L.It may calibrate over two orders of magnitude in concentration of 9 ions while the range of linear coefficients from 0.9988 to 0.9999,RSDs are below 4 % for all analytes while the recoveries are between 94.6%~1 03.9 %.The results of analysing actual samples are satisfactory.
Determination of Resveratrol in Different Peanut Species Roots by HPLC
HUANG Ji-Nian, FANG Jie, AI Guo-Min
2007, 28(5):  276-277. 
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By HPLC this research assayed the resveratrol contents in the different peanut species,including Huayu 20,Yuhua11, Yuhua14,Yuhual5,Honghual,Haihual,Fenghua6,Baisha17A.The results indicated that the resveratrol content of the honghual is the highest,reaching 103.3μg/g.In the different peanut roots the resveratrol contents are obviously different.
Study on System of Color Reaction of Zn with Meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)Porphyrin (TNPP) and Its Application in Some Food Analysis
YANG Hui-Qin, LI Gui-Qin, HAN Shi-Tian
2007, 28(5):  278-280. 
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The color reaction of Zn and TNPP(meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin)was studied in this paper,with spectrophotometric method,to assay the effects on pH,standing time and stability of this complex.An excellent method to be used to determine Zn in foods has been ascertained.The experimental results indicated that in the presence of hydroxylamine hydrochloride,with ortho-dinitrogenous ptenanthrene,and Seignette salt as masking agents,TNPP and Zn present light purple in an alkaline solution of pH6,at room temperature.Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 0~10μg/mi of Zn.This method has been used to determine micro amounts of Zn in foods with satisfactory results.
Determination of Cholesterol Content in Cookies by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
PENG Xi-Chun, LAI Yi-Dong
2007, 28(5):  281-284. 
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Aim:To set up a simple,high-speed,and repeatable method used for determining cholesterol content in food samples, to benefit the people to control the intake of cholesterol.Method:The cookie samples were extracted with petroleum ether first, and the extraction was saponified with 50% KOH-ethanol(40:12)solution.Then the saponified solution was extracted again with ether.The upper solution was washed to neutral with distilled water and was dehydrated with anhydrous Na2SO4N.The dehydrated solution was filtered and concentrated to about 1ml and then blowed to dry with N2.The dried remains were dissolved with n-hexane and were quantitatively analyzed with GC-MS.Result:The result showed that with this method,the recovery of cholesterol is about 98.43%;the standard deviation 2.193%,and RSD(n=6)1.4393% with the minimum detection limit 0. 0659μg/ml and the minimum ration 0.22μg/ml.Conclusion:This method can be applied to determine the cholesterol content in different food samples.
Determination of Liquiritigenin Contents and Glycyrrhizic Acid in Preserved Fruit by RP-HPLC
ZHANG Ping, MA Yin-Hai, GUO Ya-Dong, MA Tao, XIONG Chun-Mei, YANG Yu-Ting
2007, 28(5):  284-286. 
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Object:To establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid in preserved fruit. Methods A LiChrospher RP-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,i.d.5μm)column was used and the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (1.0% methanoic acid)for gradient elution.The double detection wavelengths were used.Results The linear range of liqulritin is 0.21~6.30μg and regression equation is Y=2334.3161X+25.2431(r=0.9999).The average recovery is 98.6%(RSD=1.36%,n=9) and RSD of reproduction 0.78%.The linear range of glycyrrhizic acid is 0.25~7.50μg and regression equation is Y=907.7837X+0.8969(r=0.9999).The average recovery is 100.2%(RSD=1.48%,n=9)and RSD of reproduction 1.25%. Conclusion:The method is convenient and accurate.It can be used to control the dose limit of glycyrrhiza in similar food.
Preliminary Study on Effective Constituents of Cancrinia discoidea (Idb.) Pok Flowers
WU Chun-Xia, MA Li-Fang, A Bu-Du-La-·A-Ba-Si
2007, 28(5):  287-289. 
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To obtain chemical constituents from the flowers of Cancrinia discoidea(Idb.)Pok,in this paper the methods of water extraction,ethanol extraction and petroleum ether extraction were used.Protein,amino acid,carbohydrate,alkaloid and organic acid wore tested in the water extracts.Phenol,organic acid,volatile oil,flavonoid and alkaloid were tested in the ethanol extracts.Alkaloid was found in the acid extracts.Petroleum ether extracts were mainly used for the testing of volatile oil,steroid, oil and fat,lactone and coumarin.
Application Study with 4,6-dibromoarsenazo Dual-wavelength Spectrophotometry on Rave Earths Respectively in Steed and Agricultural Products
LI Bei-Gang
2007, 28(5):  290-292. 
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Dual-wavelength spectrophotometry on the color reaction of 4,6-dibromoarsenazo with rare earths has been studied and applied to assay steel and agricultural products.The color reaction of 4,6-dibromoarsenazo with rare earths has high sensitivity and forms stable purple red complexes(1:2)in chloroacetic ucid-sodium hydroxide buffer medium at pH 2.0.The maximum absorption wavelengthes of reagent and complexes are at 516 run and 638 nm,respectively,and the apparent molar absorptivity of the complexes for the dual-wavelength spectrophotometry isε=1.56×10~5.The dual-wavelength spectrophotometry is more sensitive than single-wavelength spectrophotometry.Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0~2.0μg/ml for total rare earths.The method shows simplicity,high sensitivity,better selectivity and accuracy and can be used direcOy to determine trace rare earths in actual samples without separation and concentration.The recovery of the method is in the range of 92% 101%.The result is satisfactory.
Study on Effective Cocstituents and Extraction Detemination of Arnebia guttata Bge.Flavonids from Various Above-ground Organs
MA Li-Fang, WU Chun-Xia, A Bu-Du-La-·A-Ba-Si
2007, 28(5):  292-294. 
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To obtain constituents from the above-ground part of Amebia guttata Bga,many methods,such as water extraction, ethanol extraction and petroleum ether extraction were studied.The result showed that there are rich effective constituents in Arnebia guttata Bge.The method was then used for ethanol extraction and detemination of flavonids from Arnebia guttata Bge,on various above- ground organs of the plant.The result showed that the order of the extracting level of total flavonids showed flower>leaf>stem.
Simplified Method for Quantitative Analysis of Lycopene
HOU Chun-Ming, HE Mei, ZHOU Xin
2007, 28(5):  295-298. 
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A simplified method based on the UV spectrum differences of lycopene andβ-carotene for quantitative analysis of lycopene is established,with chloroform as the solvent and the absorbent peak 518.8nm as index,so as to avoid the interference of other carotenoids.
Isolation,Preparation and Identification of Hyperin from Acanthopanax Sessiliflorus (Rupr.et Maxim.) Seem fruit
FENG Ying, MENG Xian-Jun, WANG Jian-Guo
2007, 28(5):  298-300. 
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Thin-layer chromatographic procedure was used to identify the composition of flavonoids of Acanthopanax Sessiliflorus(Rupr.et Maxim.)Seem purified by macroporous absorbing resins.The result showed that hyperin is one composition of the flavonoids.The preparative method of hyperin with HPLC and polyamide column were studied and the preparative hyperin was identified by UV,IR and NMR.The results showed that:the purity of the preparative hyperin can be up to 98%. UV,IR and NMR analysis proved that the furit hyperin is exploitable for further development.
Determination of Chlorogenic Acid of Potato Tuber by HPLC
ZHANG Jian-Hua, JIN Li-Ping, XIE Kai-Yun, QU Dong-Yu
2007, 28(5):  301-304. 
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Object:To establish a new HPLC method for determination of chlorogenic acid(CGA)in potato,and determine its content of CGA in five cultivars.Method:Orthogonal experiment for three factors:CH3OH concentration,ratio of solid and liquid and time of ultrasounic extraction.CGA was analyzed with C18column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)and with detector at 327 nm.The mobile phase consisting HO-CH3OH-CH3COOH(20:80:2;30:70:2;40:60:2 respectively),CH3OH-0.4% H3PO4 (10:90).Results:The recovery of CGA is 97.5%,precision(RSD)3.2%(n=6);CGA extraction conditions are:70% CH3OH,ratio of solid and liquid=1:100,and ultrasounic extraction time 40 min with determined mobile phase H2O-CH3OH-CH3COOH=30: 70:2.
Identification and Isolation of Major Allergens in Milk
MAO Lu-Tian, XIANG Jun-Jian, ZHANG Zai-Jun
2007, 28(5):  305-308. 
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Object:To isolate and identify the main allergens in the milk.Method:The protein components in skimmed milk and whey were analyzed by SDS-PAGE.The allergen proteins were purified by the combined of techniques saturated ammonium sulfate salimetry and DEAE iron-exchanged chromatography.The Balb/c mice were immumed with the extracts of milk,then the high titrations of specific IgE anti-serum were isolated for immunoblotting analysis.Results:Immunoblotting analysis indicated thatβ-Lg is the major component leading to cow milk allergy.Allergic mice models were established successfully.Conclusion: The major allergic components in milk were identified in this study,paving an experiment basis for the diagnoses and therapy of milk allergey as well as the preparation of non-allergen milk.
Study on Function of Anti-fatigue High F Ratio Oligo-peptide from Corn Gluten Meal and Preparation of Its Beverage
ZHANG Tie-Hua, YIN Yong-Guang, LIU Jing-Bo, CHEN Yu-Jiang, YE Hai-Qing, WANG Hai-Bo
2007, 28(5):  308-312. 
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On the basis of the production of high F ratio(Fischer ratio)oligo-peptide(F ratio is 21.7)from corn gluten meal hydrolysis by multi-enzymes,the function of anti-fatigue of high F ratio oligo-peptide was appraised and its beverage was produced.The results indicated that comparing test groups with the control groups,the swimming times in the high-dosage groups and mid-dosage groups increase 54%(p<0.01)and 38%(p<0.05)respectively.Urea nitrogen contents decrease 18%(p<0.01)and 12%(p<0.05)respectively.Liver glucogen contents are 3.2 times(p<0.001)and 2.3 times(p<0.01)higher respectively.Muscle glucogen contents are 1.7 times(p<0.01)and 1.4 times(p<0.01)respectively.After swimming,the test groups compared with the control groups in 0 min and 15 min,the mice contents of lactates decreased 31%(p<0.01)and 27% (p<0.05)respectively.The function of anti-fatigue of high F ratio oligo-peptide is proved.The optimum formula of the beverage is A2B2C2(fruitjuice 5%,granulated sugar 8% and citric acid 0.15%).The product meets the quality standards.
Experimental Study of SPG-1 on Antitumor and Immune Activity of Tumor Mice
LIU Zhu, ZHU Bi-Feng, PENG Ling, GAO Jian-Lin
2007, 28(5):  312-316. 
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Object:To study the antitumor and immune activity of SPG-1 on H22 tumor mice.Methods:Sweet potato glycoprotein(SPG-1)was extracted from the cultivar Guangdong 98.The kunming H22 fumor mice were given SPG-1 by intragastrical injection(i.g.)then the inhibiting rate of tumor growth,life prolongation rate,katyokinesis index of tumor cells,spleen index,thymus index and the activity on macrophage of celiac plexus were studied.Results:SPG-1 can significantly inhibit the tumor growth(p<0.05)on H22 entity-tumor mice,significantly prolong life(p<0.05)on H22 bearing-tumor mice.SPG-1 can obviously inhibit karyokinesis of tumor cells(p<0.01)on H22 bearing-tumor mice,and notably enhanced the spleen index(p<0.01),the thymus index(p<0.05 )and the activity on macrophage of celiac plexus(p<0.01)on H22 entity-tumor mice. Conclusion:SPG-1 has anti-tumor and immune function on H22 tumor mice.
Effects of Radiation on Milk Powder Quality in Markets
LUO Li, LI Wei-Wei, WANG Feng, LUO Ling
2007, 28(5):  317-319. 
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Aim:To analyze the effects of radiation treatment with different doses on the nutrition ingredients of milk powder. Methods:Milk powder samples was radiated by 30Coγwith 0,5,10,15 and 20kGy respectively.The main nutrition ingredients, microbiological index,and sensory characteristic were analyzed before and after radiation.Results:To contrast with control group,there is no significant difference in main nutrition ingredients and sensory characteristics after radiation of 5kGy or 10kGy, but the number of microorganism is greatly decreased.The main nutrition ingredients decrease greatly after the radiation of 15kGy or 20kGy(p<0.05),and there are no microorganism and no significant difference in sensory characteristics.Conclusion:The radiation of less than 10kGy is the best way to prolong the storage life and enhance the security of milk powder.
Immunological Regulation Comparisons about Soybean Isoflavones and Free Aglycone
LI Chang-Biao, ZHAO Xiu-Hong, LIU Chang-Jiang, MENG Xian-Wen, GAO Rong-Hai, ZHANG Chun-Hong
2007, 28(5):  320-323. 
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Object:The purpose is to compare the effects of soybean isoflavones and free aglycone for improving mouse humoral immunity.Methods:The mice were instilled with soybean isoflavone and aglycone respectively 40~100mg/kg for 21day continually.Immunological analysis showed the phagacytosis index and the weight of spleen.The results indicated that both the soybean isoflavones and the free aglycone can significantly improve the phagocytosing function of celiac macrophage,and stimulate the growth of spleen and thymus.The trigger effects in the female mice are much better than the male mice for the administration of either soybean isoflavones or free aglycone,whereas the absorbing effects of free aglycone are better than those of soybean isoflavones.
In vivo Study on Flavonoids Extraction from Hawthorn Fruits and Effects of Hawthorn Leaves Flavonoids
LIU Bei-Lin, DONG Ji-Sheng, NI Xiao-Hu, HUO Hong, XU Qian
2007, 28(5):  324-327. 
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Objective:To study extraction technology of flavonoids from hawthorn fruits.Methods:The ethanol supersonic extraction experiments for flavonoids from hawthorn fruits were concluded on;reducing the blood fat with flavonoids from hawthorn fruits.Results:The conditions for ethanol supersonic extraction are:Solvent:70% ethanol,supersonic wave frequency 40kHz,time of supersonic action 15min and ratio of material to liquid 1:40 times.Conclusion:The ethanol supersonic extraction showed that the method possesses the advantages of simple operation short extraction time high purity good yield and no need of heat.The residue is unharmful to environment and can be used multipurposely.
Study on Pharmacodynamics of Alzheimers Disease with Hupzine A
YONG Bin, LIU Jian-Ting, ZHANG Xiao-Yu, HUANG Chun-Ping, LI Yan, YAN Wei
2007, 28(5):  327-331. 
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In this paper,the effects of mice memory were studied merely by jumping platform experiment and avoiding darkness experiment with three doses respectively as 13.5,41.0 and 61.0μg/kg hupzine A.The results showed that hupzine A has the obvious effects on improving both the reappearance ability of passive avoidance and the avoiding darkness response.So hupzine can have the function to promote memory and improvement symptom of Alzheimers disease.
Study on Fuzhuan Tea Extracts Activity with FXR Model by High-Throughput Screening
FU Dong-He, LIU Zhong-Hua, HUANG Jian-An, CHEN Jin-Hua, CAI Zheng-An, ZHAO Shu-Juan
2007, 28(5):  331-334. 
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The infusions of Fuzhuan Tea were extracted by chloroform,ethyl acetate,l-butanol respectively and the tea residues were extracted by ethanol.The samples were used to test their functions in adjusting fat metabolism and hyperlipirmia by Fuzhuan Tea extracts with the FXR models of High-Throughput Screening.The results showed that all the samples of Fuzhuan Tea can restrain FXR models.Ethyl acetate extraction and EGCG and ECG can activate FXR models.Hence Fuzhuan Tea was effective in adjusting fat metabolism and hyperlipidemia.More active components need to be separated later.
Study on Effects of Magnetic Field in Fruits and Vegetables Cold Storage
ZHANG Wu-Jie, LI Bao-Guo, ZHANG Yi-Peng, HUANG Zhi-Qiang, XU Yi, ZHOU Ning
2007, 28(5):  335-338. 
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Object:To study the effects of application of magnetic field in fruits and vegetables during cold storage.Methods: Sensory analysis was utilized in different contrast experiments and water loss,VC and Fe contents were used as the test indexes. Results:Fruits and vegetables are better preserved under the magnetic field.Conclusion:The magnetic field can be applied in fruits and vegetables cold storage.
Effects of Chilling Injury to Honey Dew Fruits on Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Osmotic Constituents Adjustment
LIU Fang, CHEN Nian-Lai, LI Zhong-Fang, LI Xi-E
2007, 28(5):  339-343. 
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Membrane lipid peroxidation,activity of SOD and POD,proline,soluble protein and soluble sugar chilling injuries of Honey Dew fruits at temperatures(2℃,4℃,7℃)and un-chilling injury temperature(9℃)respectively were studied.The results showed that with the decrease of temperature,the activity of SOD and POD decreases .But under chilling injury temperature POD activity appears the peak value in 7day and MDA increases sharply in 21day,and Pro content becomes higher at the beginning of stressing but lower later on.The ehiiling injury temperature has the same effect on soluble protein and soluble sugar:the lower the temperature,the higher the contents of them.
Effects of Heat Pretreatment on Mume Fruits Qualities during Cold Storage
YU Xiao-Lin, XU Bu-Qian, LIANG Jia-Wei
2007, 28(5):  343-347. 
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Mature-green mume fruits were treated with hot air at 30℃for 24 and 48 hours respectively,and cempared with untreatment as a control,and then stored for 50 days at 5℃where the chilling injury of mume fruit will be caused.The effects of heat pretreatment on reducing chilling injury and storage quality of mume fruits were investigated by essaying the changes of ethylene production,respiration rate and several chemical compounds of mume fruits during storage.The results showed that the treatment with 30℃-48h is effective in reducing chilling injury of fruit to some extent,but the changes of firnmess and fruit color are faster then those treated with both 30℃-24h and control,and the fruit decay is severe in only 36 days of storage.However, 30℃-24h treatment is effective in preventing occurrence of chilling injury of mume fruit,and is beneficial in keeping total pectin content and storage quality.The storage period of fruit treated with 30℃-24h is effective 50days,7days longer than the control.
Review on Development and Application of Nanogold in Rapid Detection for Food Safety
LIU Li-Qiang, PENG Chi-Fang, JIN Zheng-Yu, XU Chuan-Lai
2007, 28(5):  348-352. 
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The marking method with nanogold is a fast developing immuno-marking technology in recent years.It has been widely used in biomedicine.The assay which is exploited and based on nanogold is rapid,exact,sensitive and specific.In this paper,the research progress of nanogold and its application in rapid detection for food safety are introduced.The future of nanogold is also prospected.
Overview on Construction of Information Management System for Edible Farm Produce Safety Base on Supply Chain to Ensure Food Safety from Farm to Table
CAO Jiang-Tao, PENG Ya-La
2007, 28(5):  353-357. 
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This paper has clarified the principle,methods and the implementary key point for building the information management system about edible farm produce safety,and adoptsed GPS(global positioning system),GIS(geographical information systems)and RFID(radio frequency identification)as the main technological support.Depending on the international general criterion of“EAN·UCC”to track and cast back the information of edible farm produce,it is feasible to realize the identification of reliability and information transmission in the whole process of supply chain including producing, manufacturing,packing,circulating,storing and consuming.Establishing a perfect data system which integrates all the data and information coming from the complete supply chain on a uniform management platform and makes use of this platform,it is possible for the supervision department to supervise the whole process.Furthermore,corporations may make use of this platform to strengthen microcosmic safety management in addition to guarantee the transparency of the complete process of manufacture,storage,transportation and distribution,so as to eliminate the information dissymmetry,and to satisfy consumers’ right of understanding the inside story and choices.Consequently,it will enhance the level of informationization and production efficiency of farm produce,and ensure the entire safety of farm produce from farm to table sequentially.
Progress Review onβ-glucan Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
MO Hai-Zhen, LIU Xiao-Yong, HU Yong-Jin
2007, 28(5):  358-362. 
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Recent research developments ofβ-glucans biosynthesis in S.cerevisiae were detailedly reviewed in this paper.The biosynthesis of solubleβ-glucans resulted from the activity ofβ-glucans synthase and the sugar donor was uridine 5′- diphosphoglucose.The chitin synthascⅢwas capable of incorporating solubleβ-glucans and chitin viaβ-1,4 orβ-1,2 linkages, to changeβ-glucans from soluble to insoluble.Moreover,some current developments of related gene aboutβ-glucans synthase were summarized here.A pair of highly homologous proteins Fks lp and Fks 2p encoded by FKS1 and FKS2 genes,arc necessary inβ-glucans biosynthesis.The GTP-binding protein Rh1p is required for regulation ofβ-1,3-glucans biosynthesis.Many genes which contain KRES,KRE6,CWH4p,ROT2 and SKN1,arc known to affect the levels ofβ-1,6-glucans,but their role of the synthesis remains unknown.In the end,the future research direction and prospect ofβ-glucan’s biosynthesis were discussed.
Review on Antioxidant Activity of Pu-er Tea
DONG Fang, HE Pu-Ming, LIN Zhi
2007, 28(5):  363-365. 
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In this paper,the antioxidant activity and mechanism of pu-er tea were reviewed.Compared with green tea and black tea,the antioxidant activity of pu-er tea special post-fermented tea was evaluated.The bioactivities of compounds from different fermented processas were discussed.
Research on Ultrasonic Flaw-detection in Delicatessen’s Production Equipment
SHEN Xiao-Hong, YANG Feng, CHOU Li-Bo
2007, 28(5):  366-368. 
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The principle of ultrasonic wave flaw detection,and the analysis of Ultrasonic Flaw Detector system can be used to detect edible product containers and equipment,so as to provide the hardware and software design of the ultrasonic test system. This system can become powerful safeguard for the food security work and the edible food production process.
Problem Existing and Suggestions on Implementation and Establishment of HACCP System in China
LIU Xian-De, DUAN Qi-Jia, SHE Rui-Ping
2007, 28(5):  369-373. 
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HACCP(hazard analysis and critical control point)system,which is science based and systematic,identifies specific hazards and measures for their control to ensure the safety of food.This article points out the problem existing in the fields of HACCP management,training,consultation,certification of the third parts,as well as in the food strain,such as in the food processing plant,transportation,marketing and consumption.Comments and suggestions have been given to the improvement of HACCP system in China.
Enzyme Engineering Application Review on Protein Product Economic Value Promotion
HU Zhi-He, WANG Chang-Lu
2007, 28(5):  374-378. 
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Enzyme engineering was abroadly applied to production of farm produce and livestock products,especially in protein product economic value promotion.The low-cost protein products could be processed with bioactive peptide and the protein economic value could be promoted by using enzyme engineering technolngy.In this paper,the application of enzyme engineer- ing technology in protein production economic value promotion and main bioactivity product processing were summarizd.
Study on Fermented Vinegar Beverage of Ganoderma Lucidum
WANG Qian, LU Jie, YANG Li, LI Zhi
2007, 28(5):  379-381. 
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Ganoderma Lucidum as raw material,the fermentation conditions of Ganoderma Lucidum vinegar beverage were studied by means of extracting and fermenting with Yeast and Acetobacter.The results showed that the optimum extracting conditions and time were 0.1 MPa and 1.0 h,and water and Ganoderma Lucidum ratio 20:1.After second extracte, the amount of polysaccharides reaches 1.25 mg/ml.In Alcohol and Acetobacter fermentation phases,the optimum fermen- tation conditions were obtained:inoculating amount of liquid seed 10%,30℃,72~80 h and 34~36℃,pH 5.5,shaker speed 150 r/min,for 72 h.A sour and sweet and tasty vinegar beverage is produced after adding 6.5% white sugar or 0.3% proteinic sugar to the fermented liquid.
Reserch on Process of Peaunt Milk and Milk Mixed Cheese
JIAN Jing-Ying, ZHANG Zhi-Sheng, LI Jian-Lei
2007, 28(5):  382-384. 
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In this paper,the main factors affecting mixed-milk cheese coagulation effects were studied.The results showed that, when added peanut milk is 20%,acidity adjucted to 24°T,amount of calf rennet added 0.30% and amount of CaCl2 added 0.06%, the coagataling effects are optimal.