This experiment dealed with the effects of microfluidization on the mean particle size and the rheological properties of egg white solutions (10%). The results indicated that: There are pronounced decrease of mean particle sizing following the increase of the pressure. Microfluidization induces the change from dilatant flow to pseudoplastic flow of non-Newtonian flow. The pronounced increase of apparent viscosity of egg white protein solution were observed after high pressure treatment.

SPI(soy protein isolate)-saccharide grafts were synthesized by microwave radiation and then purified. The analytic results showed that the relative molecular weight (RMW) of the SPI-lactose graft was not changed by gel chromatography in Sepharose CL-6B, and the composition 1 (RMW>440k) could not be detected in the SPI-SS(soy protein isolate-soluble starch) graft; where as the total content of saccharides grew obviously, and its intrinsic viscosity was also enhanced, but both the heat- denaturalization temperature, and the lysine and arginine contents decreased. In addition, by the fluorescence analysis, the maximal fluorescence intensity (FI) of SPI was at 450 nm, however, that of grafts was at 430nm, so the change is accordance with the fluorescent characteristic of the Maillard-type products.

Different solvents were added in freeze-dried apple for thinning out the fruit powder, and metal salt were used to deposit apple polyphenol to change the content of polyphenol in high content leach liquor. DPPH·(1,1-Diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl)and ABTS·+(2,2-azino-bis-[3-ethyltiazoline-6-sulfonate) were used also to investigate the antioxidant ability of apple polyphenol. The results showed that the magnesium salt can decrease more total polyphenol,but aluminium salt is better for the deposition of flavanol. Scavenging rate of DPPH· is related to the contents of total polyohenol, however the contents of total flavanol(include catechin and polyprocyanidin)affect obviously the scavenging rate of ABTS·+. When the total polyohenol content is low, the aluminium and magnesium salts can promote free radical scavenging.

Morphological, crystallinity and thermal properties of ball milled rice starches, with varying different milling time were studied. The granular size of ball-milled rice starch, assayed with scanning electron microscope, became evener and smaller. The starch crystal structure were disrupted, while the amorphous structure enhanced after being ball milled. After ball milling, the thermal properties of starch differed significantly: endothermic peak disappeared and starches were gelatinized at ambient temperature. The resistant starch contents remarkably decrease and the digestible starch increases. Starch hydrolysis rate tends to be nonsignificant but the glycemia index becomes higher than the native starch for ball-milled starch at 12 h milling time.

This experiment studied the extraction, separation, purification and physico-chemical characteristics of acid proteoglycan extracted from Folium mori(APFM). The polysaccharides were extracted from F.mori by water extraction, and then isolated and purified by D101resin, DEAE-cellulose column and SephadexG-100 gel column chromatography successively. Monosaccharides composition analyses, acidic groups contents, and amino acids compositions were assayed with IR, UV, HPLC to for deduce the structural and physical and chemical properties. Results showed that APFM is a pure acidic proteoglycan withits molecular weight over 500 Da. It was constituted by D-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-fructose, D-glucose and D-galactose with molar ratio: 8.91: 2.71: 1.00: 3.75: 6.04 respectively; and the contents of uronic acid, sulfate radical and protein 5.33%, 0.83% and 8.03% respectively. Its monomer of backbone is α-pyranose. In addition, APFM contains seventeen kinds of amino acids and seven kinds of which are human essential .

The changes of nitrate, nitrite and VC contents were studied respectivrvely in buds of different Toona sinensis provenances species, sampled from Nanjing, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Henan and Shanxi. The results showed that the nitrate, nitrite and VC contents are significantly different at the same picking time. By integrated assay to the above contents at different picking time and species phases, Hunan provenance is choose as the ideal edible product, because both its nitrate and nitrite contents are relatively low, while its VC is really high. At the meantime the contents of nitrate and nitrite of the other provenances are also in accordance with the edible standard before April 9th, though its VC content is moderate. So they are also reassured to be safely edible.

This paper studied the effects of EDTA and β-CD on the stability of red pigment from Nitraria tangutorun Bobr. fruit. The results showed that Fe3+ has severe undesirable effects on the red pigment; EDTA and β-CD can not only slow down the discoloration speed of the red pigment but also effectively inhibit the effects on red pigment containing Fe3+. And it also showed that the colour-protect action of EDTA is better than the colour-protect action of β-CD, so as to increase the application and value of red pigment.

It has been suggested that the glass transition temperature might be a good indicator of food stability. The objectives of this study were to establish a suitable protocol for determining Tg values of wheat dough with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and to investigate the impacts of water content and food additives on the glass transition temperature of the wheat dough. The results indicated that the second-round scanning protocol is practical to detect the Tg of wheat dough. The results showed that as the moisture content increases, the glass transition temperature decreases linearly. Several food additives, e.g., L-ascorbicacid, trehalose, and glutin can significantly increase the Tg of wheat dough. These results are very useful to achieve a glassy-state condition during commercial storage facility (-18℃)and improve the quality of frozen food.

This paper investigated effects of different protein sources in feed rations on the content of umami substances in swine longissimus dorsi muscles and pork flavor, by analyzing contents of inosine -5’- monophosphate and free amino acids respectively through high performance liquid chromatography and assessing scores for the pork aroma of swine fed with rations with different protein sources through gourmet panel. The results showed that the content of inosine-5’-monophosphate and pork flavor are significantly or extremely significantly affected by different protein sources (p<0.05 or p<0.01). However, there is no detection of significant effect for protain sources with free amino acids on umami flavor (p>0.05).

The total alkaloids were ultrasonic-assistedly extracted from Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai., and were systematically separated into five constituent groups namely phenol weak alkaloids, non-phenol weak alkaloids, phenol tertiary amine alkaloids, non-phenol tertiary amine alkaloids, and lipid alkaloids. Then, their antimicrobial activities were assayed. The results showed that five mistletoe alkaloids groups all have antimicrobial on the E.coli, but no-obvious activity on the Staphylococcus aureus.

Ultrasonic analysis is based on the relationship between ultrasonic parameters (attenuation and velocity) and the contents of components to reach an analyzed solution. This relationship is significantly affected by the solution temperature. In this paper, ultrasonic velocity and attenuation were studied as a function of temperature and contents of main components (fat and protein) in milk. The experimental results showed that the ultrasonic velocity in milk increases and then decreases at 30～ 50℃. However, the attenuation increases with rising temperature. At the same temperature, both the velocity and the attenua- tion make changes negligibly. According to the experimental results, the contents of main components as functions of velocity and attenuation are computed. This study can be used to improve the assay method and system for milk.

The rheology of low concentration cold water and hot water dissolving parts of xanthan gum was respectively discussed. The rheology of of xanthan gum dissolved part in hot water was different in comparison with that dissolved in cold water. The results showed that the viscosity of xanthan gum is affected by its concentration, temperature, shearing, pH, freezing-thawing etc. The synergistic is studied of xanthan gum with konjac gum, Carrageenan, CMC-Na(carboxy methyl cellulose-Na).

In this paper, the leaves of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum Yieh were used as raw material, and the bacteriostatic active compound with different solvents extracted in turn. The bacteriostatic effects on Staphylococlus aureus, Shigella dysenteroae and Escheichia colis were studied with bacteriostatic experiment. The bacteriostatic active extract was separated by thin layer chromatography. The best developer is found. Then the active compounds separated by thin layer chromatography were tested by the bacteriostatic experiment and chemical recognition so as to affirm the species of bacteriostasis active compounds. The results showed that ethyl acetate is the best solvent and the best developer solvent is: chloroform: acetone: formic acid: water (60:35:5:27 respectively). The main active compounds in the leaves of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum Yieh are tannin and coumarin.

The experiment studied the processing o‘falkali’man-made mineral water by dynamic ion-exchange method. The experiments showed the results as follows: when reprocessing chlorine-type anion exchange resin, 140ml 6% NaHCO3 for 8g dry resin are needed. When preparing man-made mineral water, 100 ml 1.24% CaCl2 and 1.06% MgCl2 mixed solution are needed to achieve the best exchange results and Sr2+, Li+, Zn2+, citric acid, Vitamin C etc. are added to form the dosage of man- made mineral water. The end product of man-made mineral water contains 200×10-6 Ca2+, 120×10-6 Mg2+, 0.5×10- 6 Sr2+, 0.21×10-6 Li+, 0.5×10-6 Zn2+, 292×10-6 Cl-, 732×10-6 HCO3- and 0.21% CO2. The pH is 6.26。

Macro-elements and trace elements in whole body, muscle and skin of Laudakia stoliczkana and Laudakia tarimensis from Xinjiang were determined with the atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that the contents of element K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, Sr, Mn, Cr, Br, Cu, Co, and Mo are rich in both Laudakia stoliczkana and Laudakia tarimensis; whereas the contents of harmful elements Pb , Cd ,Co, and Ni is very low. There are no significant differences among the three samples such as the whole body ,muscle and skin in the same species, but the contents of the trace element in the whole body are higher than those of the other two samples. Compared with the contents of trace elements necessary for human health and anticancer function of Fe, Zn, Sr and Mn in the two Laudakia species, 168.36, 94.14, 78.12 and 44.28μg/g are found in the Laudakia stoliczkana, respectively and 338.22, 183.16, 88.44 and 32.46μg/g in the Laudakia tarimensis, respectively. The contents of Fe, Zn, Sr are distinctly higher than these of Laudakia stoliczkana, but the content of Mn in the Laudakia tarimensis is lower than that of the Laudakia stoliczkana. Both Laudakia stoliczkana and Laudakia tarimensis as Chinese medicinal drugs and Uighur medicinal materials have rather high medical values and potential uses. The relationships between these beneficial elements and their medical mechanism were discussed. It had provided some scientific evidences for their further studies and applications of these two endemic medicinal Laudakia species.

The process components of Luzhou-flavor liquor fermentation were assayed by GC and HPLC, and the relationship among acids, aldehydes, alcohols and esters in Zaopei was analysed. The results showed that the trends of acetic acid, butyric acid, capronic acid and lactic acid are respectively similar to their ethyl esters formation, while the proportions and the variation trends of flavor components in Zaopei are different to those in liquor. The key to improve the quality of liquor production is how to increase capronic acid and decrease lactic acid at the same time.

The dry rose was extracted with 5% citric acid. Rose pigment is soluble in actic(pH1～3)and water polar solvents easily, but not in non-polar organic solvent. It appears purplish red and transparent in the solution, and is stable to heat and sunlight. Most food additives and most metal ions do no show effects on the pigment except that Fe2+ and Fe3+ can bring about severe undesirab leeffects. Besides, the absorption peaks matching with the pigment tone and colour reaction, which under went changes under diferent pHs were studied. The results indicated that the rose pigment belongs to the ahthocyanins.

In the paper, the rheological properties of Grateloupia filicina polysacocharide extracted in cold water or hot water were discussed comparatively. The results showed that the extraction rate of coarse polysaccharide of Grateloupia filicina extracted in cold water is higher than that extracted in hot-water. Grateloupia filicina polysaccharide dissolved in both cold water and hot water shows favorable rheological properties, but the rheological property of the cold water dissolved section excells that of the hot water dissolved section.

Starch phosphate ester as a felted additive is often used in meat products with the characteristics of freeze-thawing stability, contradicting retrogradation, expanding capability and becoming diaphaneity. It is important to improve the structure of meat products. During assaying the light beam permeability, freeze-thawing stability expanding degree, diaphaneity contradicting-retrogradation and paste viscosity, the effects of meat products accessorial constituents such as: fat, salt, glucose, soya separate protein etc. on starch phosphate ester paste viscosity were studied to present the theoretic base for starch phosphate ester application for processing the meat products.

The characteristies of resistant starch is basicly similar to the dietary fibre, but practically different from the dietary fibre. When the resistant starch is added to the food, it cannot affect the sensory organ and texture of the foods. The quality of wheat flour is worse when resistant starch is added to higher content. This test verified that the appropriate rate of the resistant starch is 5%. The blended flour can make be better nutritional quality and its sensual quality is retained when it is made into steamed bread.

The procedure to obtain oligopeptide with soy protein isolate by sequential treatment with proteinase I and proteinase II was described. The optimum conditions of two proteinases including pH, temperature, substrate concentration and enzyme-substrate ratio (E/S) has been defined by a lot of experiments. The experiments were designed as follows: the reaction parameters of both techniques were the same except that technique one(T1) kept optimum pH of proteinase I for 3.5 h by adding NaOH, while technique two (T2) kept optimum pH of proteinase I only at first 30 min. The results showed that protein recovery rates are 87.0%, 89.0% respectively and protein conversion rates 89.1%, 90.5% respectively and acid soluble nitrogen rates 90.1%, 90.6% respectively. The molecular weight of peptide obtained by technique one lying between 500 and 610 is 80.5% of total hydrolyzed protein. The molecular weight of peptide obtained by technique two lying between 450 and 650 is 82.0% of total hydrolyzed protein. The results showed that the hydrolysis condition of technique two is better than that of technique one.

With the new technique of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and crystallization, Andrographolide intermediate was used to investigate the effects of ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate on the crystallization ratio, purity and crystal configuration on Andrographolide extraction and crystallization. The purity of Andrographolide cooperated with ethyl acetate is the best, the crystallization ratio of Andrographolide cooperated with ethanol, the morphology on Andrographolide cooperated with acetone is the best.

A method has been developed for the determination of levulinic acid in soy sauce by liquid chromatography, and the formula calculating the content of fermented soy sauce in the blended soy sauce was given. Two methods of liquid chromatography were compared. The ion exchange column method was better than the C18 column method in every aspect including the assay range and recovery and sample preparation. The content of fermented soy sauce in blended soy sauce was analyzed for some commercial products.

Using the lotus leaves as raw material,after extracting alkaloids from lotus leaves by 30% ethanol, the effects of static adsorption and desorption of macroporous resin -PA(13-40), D101 and HP-20 for lotus alkloids were compared. Then on the basis of screening the best macroporous resin with higher adsorbing rate and with desorbing amount, the effects of the desorbing quantity,purity and yield rate of alkloids at different eluting velocities by the desorption gradient of different eluting density of ethanol with volume 3 BV were studied, and the effects of desorbing quantity, purity and yield rate of alkloids by the same gradient of different eluting density under the best eluting velocity were also studied. The results showed that D101 is the best among the three kinds of resin. To separate and purify lotus alkaloids by D101 at 1.5 BV/h with 3 BV desorbing volume of ethanol concentration 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% ethanol gradient desorption is proved to be the best, with the total quantity of eluted alkaloid, yield rate, the total purity reaching 10.8226 mg, 62.9%, 4.86% in sequence. When only collecting the desorbing liquid with concentration above 80% ethanol, the purity of lotus alkaloids can reach 32.56%, which is valuable to process higher purity lotus alkaloids.

The extraction behavior of pectinase in two-phase aqueous system was investigated. The effects of the molecular weight and concentration of polyethylene glycol, pH, the concentrations of NaCl and extract temperature on the extraction coefficient K were studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions are as follows: the mass composition in two-phase aqueous system PEG1000 27%, (NH4)2SO4 19%, NaCl 0.002%, pH5.0, the highest extraction coefficient K obtained in experiments can reach 14.

Simultaneous extraction of protein and polysaccharide from Porphyra yezoensis by pulsed ultrasound was studied. By single factor and orthogonal test the optimum conditions are as follows: pump revolving speed 13 r/s, ultrasonic running time in a circle 1.5 s, ultrasonic interim time in a circle 2 s, ultrasonic power 720 W, extraction time 85 min, temperature 35 ℃ and material/solution ratio 15 mg/ml. By the above conditions, the extraction yield of polysaccharide is 35.065%, and the extraction yield of protein 45.728%.

In this paper, the extraction technology of polyphenols from lichi leaves was studied. Lichi leaves were ground, then infused with 5 volumes (V/W) of 70% acetone solution at room temperature for 3 times with 1 h per time. Then the extracts were concentrated. Being eliminated pigment, the decolored liquid was extracted with the same volume of acetic ether for 3 times. Ester part was concentrated and freezed out and then the polyphenols product of lichi leaves was obtained. The purity of the product is 70.21%, with a total polyphenols recovery rate 71.5%, and the elimination rate of IC50 value of DPPH as 5.71 mg/L.

The extraction technology of lecithin was proposed and the content of PC in lecithin was determined by dual wavelength thin-layer scanning chromatography. Coarse phospholipids was prepared first, then refined with supercritical fluid extraction and organic solvent extraction successively. The factors affecting the extraction rate were investigated through orthogonal test. The optimum extraction conditions were determined. The content of PC in lecithin is 62.4%, with the average recovery as 99.6% and the RSD as 3.42%. This method is economical, practical and reliable.

Effects of sliced lotus root’s thickness, color protection, scalding and desiccating on fried lotus root chips were studied. The optimum conditions are determined as follows. Lotus root 1.5 mm slice, immersed in the mixture of 1% NaCl, 0.5% citric acid, and 0.1% VC for 1 h, scalded and desiccated in the mixture of 0.3% citric acid and 1% CaCl2 at 90 ℃ for 10 min. Before frying, the lotus root slices were frozen at -18 ℃. Then they were fried at 170 ℃ until there were no froth on the surface of the slices. The fried lotus root chips are uniformly yellowy with few air bubbles. With average oil content 26.5%, the fried lotus root chips are tasted crisp but not greasy.

Chlorophyll was extracted from spinach leaves. Sodium chromium (III) chlorophyllin was prepared with the chlorophyll extracted through the processes of saponification, acidification, chromiuming and salt-forming reaction. Its UV-Vis spectrum was determined in comparison with the UV-Vis of sodium copper (II) chlorophyllin. At the same time the physico- chemical properties of sodium chromium (III) chlorophyllin were determined. UV-Vis spectrum of sodium chromium (III) chlorophyllin showed that there are absorption peaks at 360.8 nm, 401.6 nm and 655.1 nm, simialr to manganese (III) chlorophyllin and lanthanum (III) chlorophyll a, as confirmed coordination of Cr (III) to the prophyrin rings. Sodium chromium (III) chlorophyllin is soluble in water, stable in the neutral solution, and resistant to oxidizing agent and reducing agent. Its thermostabillity is good, but photostability weak. Some food additives such as NaCl has little effect on sodium chromium (III) chlorophyllin.

The submerged culture conditions of Ganoderma Lucidum with activated selenium-containing ore as selenium source were studied. The effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the growth of Ganoderma Lucidum were investigated and the optimal fermenting conditions including temperature, rotating speed and pH of the medium were determined.The results showed that the optimal constitutes of the culture medium are: 2% maize meal, 4% glucose, 3% bran juice, 0.2% KH2PO4 and 0.1% MgSO·47H2O, and the optimal fermenting conditions are as follows: 28 ℃, 180 r/min, pH 6 and 15% inoculum volume. The dry weight of Ganoderma Lucidum is 23.59 g/L. When the selenium content of the culture is chosen as 5 μg/g, the total selenium content in Ganoderma Lucidum reaches 302.2μg/g and the selenium accumulation rate is 60.0%.

Extrusion technique was studied to treat Tricholoma mongolicum with supercritical liquid extraction. The purpose was to raise the peptide extraction rate. The optimum extrusion conditions were screened through orthogonal test and analysis. When the extrusion temperature is 110 ℃, the water content of material 40%, feed speed 20 kg/h and size of material 0.147 mm, the peptide extraction percentage is raised to 6.3%, 4 times higher than the sample not extruded.

It’s mainly studied on extraction and antioxidant effects on the role of crude alkai-soluble tremella polysaccharide(CATP). The optimum extracting conditions of CATP were as follows: extraction time 3.56 h, NaOH concentration 0.76 mol/L, solvent/solid ratio 81.89. The antioxidant effects of CATP and TP(tremella polysaccharide) were studied by scavenging DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion free radical. The results showed that CATP has better antioxidant capabilities than TP.

Single factor tests and orthogonal test design were applied to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Hygrophorus russula. The results showed that the optimal conditions for powdered versus chipped fruit bodies of Hygrophorus russula are particle size 60-mesh sieve , choice of fruit bodies of Hygrophorus russula, distilled water as extraction solvent, solid to liquid ratio 1:10, ethanol concentration 85%, time 4 h, temperature 90 ℃ and two consecutive extractions with crude polysaccharide yield of 3%～4%. The results of orthogonal test showed that polysaccharide yield is affected mainly by the ethanol concentration used, followed by temperature, solid to liquid ratio and treatment time. The optimal conditions are extraction time 4 h, temperature 80 ℃, solid to liquid ratio 1:10, and ethanol concentration 85%. Under these conditions, A3B2C1D3 were the optimal conditions with the highest yield of 6.52% and percentage yield of crude polysaccharide 49.17%～69.86%.

This paper compared the efficiency of ultrasonic aided-extraction with the efficiency of stirring-up extraction. The optimum conditions of ultrasonicaided extraction are established as follows:acetone:petroleum ether=2:1 (V/V), ratio of material to solvent 1:40, ultrasonic extraction at 30 ℃ for 3 times and 6min for each time with the results of less time and energy consumption and better yield.

The comparison of deodourization of yeast fermentetion, black tea salt system, complex purple perilla salt system and smoking fluid salt system for freshwater chub and younger sea fish were researched. The result indicated that the optimum conditions were using 2% yeast at 35 ℃ ferments younger sea fish for 1 h and 4.5% Purple perilla fluid mixed with 5‰ acetic acid (the acidity is 2.5%) and 1% cooking wine and 7×10-6 ethyl maltol and mixture salt remove chub’s odor at 10～18 ℃ for 48 h, chub is rich in tasty amino acid and EAA after toasting .

Objective: To study extraction technology of flavonoids from hawthorn fruits. Methods: Single factor and orthogonal test were used to study the different extraction conditions to extract flavonoids from hawthorn fruits, and then the response surface methodology was used to obtain the optimum parameters to extract flavonoids in hawthorn. Results: Solvent: 70% ethanol; supersonic wave frequency: 40 kHz; time of supersonic action 15 min; the material to liquid 1:40. Conclusion: The ethanol supersonic wave draws that the the operation is simple, time short purity high yeild high and no need for heat, the residual is unharmful to be disposed, and can be applied multipurposely.

Super micro-milling soybean dietary fiber was studied with wet processing or vacuum freeze-drying on physical properties (involving average evaporation rate of water, swelling power, water-holding power and water binding power) of the dietary fiber. At the same time, the same physical properties after the super micro-milling with dry processing were also studied. The results showed that the average evaporation rate of water, swelling power, water-holding power and water binding power respectively increase to 0.475 g/min, 9.02 ml/g, 13.50 g/g, 25.00 g/g from 0.188 g/min, 5.89 ml/g, 5.42 g/g, 12.55 g/g. The average granularity is within 200nm after being dealt with the superfine grinding by wet processing. While the average evaporation rate of water, swelling power, water-holding power and water binding power after superfine grinding by the dry processing increase to 0.562 g/min, 8.13 ml/g, 12.06 g/g, 24.45 g/g respectively, the average granularity is within 200～300 nm. The conclusion is that the effects on improving swelling power, water-holding power and water binding power dealt with superfine grinding by wet processing are greater than superfine grinding by dry processing. But the superfine grinding by dry processing could better help enhance the average water evaporation rate.

The optimal extractive process and stability of the pigment extracted from red speckled kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were studied. Results showed that the optimum extraction yield can be obtained by 75% acidic ethanol heated up at 60 ℃ for 90 minutes with a material-solvent ratio of 1:75(g/ml). The pigment holds good resistance to light and heat. Also, the pigment is stable in acidic conditions, but sediment emerges when pH is equal to or above 4. It is also resistant to carbohydrates. Potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate and citric acid have no adverse effects on the pigment but vitamin C and H2O2 do. The pigment is relatively stable with Vitamin C of lower concentration. Metallic ions Na+, K+ and Ca2+ have no effect on the pigment, but Fe3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+ and Mg2+ have apparent effects on it.

Objective: Comparison of physical and chemical characteristics between intracellular and extracellular polysaccha- rides extracted from Microcystic aeruginosa was studied in order to be availably used as profitable resource. Methods: IAPS and EAPS were obtained by different methods of extraction, isolation and purification. HPLC, UV, IR, and 13CNMR etc. were used for the analyses of molecular weight, monosaccharide constituents and spectroscopic characteristics of IAPS and EAPS. Results: The mean molecular weight of IAPS (2.0025×105D) was heavier than that of EAPS (2.0025×105D). IAPS consisted of 12.75% uronic acid while EAPS I consisted of 10.74% uronic acid. The monosaccharide constituents of IAPS are D(+) xylose (31.8341%), D-rhamnose (33.0053%), D-galactose (4.1284%), L-arabinose (21.8689%) and those of EAPS are D(+) xylose (9.6549%), D-fructose (19.2522%), glucose (71.0930%). Analysis results of IR and 13C-NMR of these two IAPS and EAPS also demonstrate that their structures and monosaccharide constituents are obviously different. Conclusion: The physical character- istics of IAPS and EAPS are different.

Composition of nucleosides in Cordyceps sinensis and the fermentation broth and mycelia of Paecilomyces gunnii var. minor RCEF0864 were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that nucleosidesin the mycelia of RCEF0864 contain mainly adenosine, uridine, guanosine, inosine, cytosine, adenosine and cyclophosphate while the fermentation broth of RCEF0864 contains mainly uridine, thymine, inosine, cytosine, adenosine, adenosine cyclophosphate. The results showed that the contents of the nucleosides in the fermentation broth and mycelial of RCEF0864 are many times more than those in Cordyceps sinensis.

Aspergillus ficuum inulinases were purified in a sequence of operations including ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose, column chromatography with Sepharose CL-6B and preparative electrophoresis. Five purified enzymes were thus obtained, two having an endo-type activity and the other being exo-actings. The five enzymes were identified as Exo-I, Exo-II, Exo-III, Endo-I and Endo-II, with MW(molecular weight) of 69961Da, 39973Da, 45561Da, 33574Da, 30769Da, respectively, determined by SDS-PAGE.

The yeast isolate with a laboratory code of 1-18 cell was isolated from the environmental samples of a xylose manufacturing factory. The volumetric productivity of 6.7 g/L·h and xylitol yield of 0.91 g/g were reached respectively at initial xlylose concentration of 200 g/L by 1-18 isolate cell recycle fermentation. It reached a theoretical yield of xylitol from D-xylose. It is a satisfactory high xylitol production rate and xylitol yield. The test of acute toxicity on mice showed that the fermentation broth of isolated 1-18 cell does not show any toxic reaction at the maximum dosage of 40 ml/kg·d for one week. These results showed that the considerable biotechnological potential usage of 1-18 isolate exists for xylitol manufacture. On the bases of conventional morphological identification and assimilation physiological tests, its molecular characteristics was assayed by PCR amplification and sequencing of D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA, so as to compare the nucleotide sequence of D1/D2 domain against GenBank+EMBL+DDBJ+PDB other known sequences from a BLAST search. All of the results led to the identification of 1-18 isolate as a new strain of Candida troplicalis. 1-18 isolate was submitted to China Center for Type Culture Collection and provided an accession number of CCTCCM 205067. Its nucleotide sequence of D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA was registered in the GenBank nucleotide sequence databases under accession number DQ176428.

Purple sweet potato starch was taken as raw material for cultivation and the culture medium of Monascus with liquid fermentation were optimized by response surface methodology (RMS). The results indicated that the second-order polynomial mathematic model of Monascus pigments production yield by Monascus is significant (p=0.0103) and the determination R2 is 0.947. The predicted Monascus pigments production yield by Monascus is 177.009 U/ml when the contents of purple sweet potato starch, tryptone and the L-glutamine natrium are 12.63%, 1.14% and 0.35%, respectively.

Constructed plant expressive vector pCAMBIA1301/HB was changed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 by which tomato was transformed. By PCR and Southern blotting, regenerated plants were validated that HBsAg gene is transformed successfully. Notable distinction of protein between transformed and untransformed plants was observed by SDS- PAGE. ELISA and Western blotting indicated HBsAg has expressed in transformed plants,with MW about 24 kD.

An endophytic fungus YX-28, possessing antimicrobial activity, was isolated from branches of Ginkgo biloba L. After incubation for 7days, the white colony of YX-28 became dark gradually. While on the surface of PD liquid culture broth, black and stick-like fruit bodies appeared, with a white head. As time went on, the white head disappeared and the fruit body got stringy and hollow. No spores were observed. 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacers were amplified and sequenced. The 2315bp sequences was compared with the known sequences in the GenBank database. The similarity of 18S rDNA between YX- 28 and Xylaria sp. F14 is 99% and the divergence 0.009. There is no difference between the (G+C)%. There is only one base in ITS region of YX-28 different from Xylaria sp. MS 358 that is showing the highest similarity. But the phylogenetic analysis showed that YX-28 does not come together in the same known strains either on the basis of 18S rDNA sequence or ITS sequence.

The effects of fermentation parameters and incubation condition on cell growth and carotenoids biosynthesis in photosynthetic bacteria strain ZY2159 were investigated. The results showed that the maximal biomass yield 15.4 g/L and carotenoids yield 50.9 mg/L are obtained with cells grown at 30 ℃ and 2000 lux light intensity in 5 L fermentor for 6 days. The optimal concentration of Fe3+ for cell growth and carotenoids biosynthesis is 15 mg/L.The optimal volume of inoculation and medium for cell growth and carotenoid accumulation are 10% and 70%, respectively. β-carotenone relatively content in total carotenoids is 22.3% by HPLC.

The kinetic behaviors of casein hydrolysis by Aspergillus oryzae protease were studied under different substrate concentrations, temperatures and pHs. The optimal temperature and pH for 10 min-reactions are: 50 ℃ and pH 9 respectively. The experiment results showed that at 40 ℃, the kinetics of casein hydrolysis by the protease fit the Mchaelis-Menton equation which can be written as r=0.243CS/0.0282+CS and the relation between hydrolysis rate and hydrogen ion concentration is: r=lgCH++3.14013/0.19759+0.05484(lgCH++3.14013)+(lgCH++3.14013)2. The protease relative deactivity at 50 ℃ follows a= 0.82531e(-0.02169t)+0.17469e(-0.41914t). The energy of activation (Ea) under 50℃ is 30.67 kJ. The effects of different chemicals on protease activity were observed under the same condition as protease activity assay. The protease activity is enhanced by 10 mmol/L H3BO3 or Mg2+ and inhibited by EDTA, SDS, Zn2+, Mn2+ or Sn2+ obviously, however it is not affected by 10 mmol/L H2O2.

In the paper fish protein was hydrolyzed by proteases for preparing fish peptide. The optimum hydrolysis conditions for alcalase are as follows: concentration of fish protein 30%, pH9.0, 50 ℃, ratio of alcalase to fish protein 48 AU/kg, time 120 min. Under these conditions, 76.48%(W/W) of fish peptides with 72.81% purity. Fish peptides with better solubility can be extensively used in the food.

The effects of metal ions on astaxanthin accumulation of Phaffia rhodozyma were investigated in the paper. Three types of experimental designs were used to optimize the metal ions conditions for astaxanthin production. The first Plackett- Burman experiment design was adopted to screen key factors from eight ions. The results indicated that Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+ and Fe3+ contribute to synthesize astaxanthin greatly. With this first design the most important factors were determined to be used in the second experimental strategy. The method of steepest ascent was applied in order to rapidly approach the optimum. Finally, the optimal concentrations of Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+ and Fe3+ are 1.45μmol/L, 1.94μmol/L, 1.3μmol/L and 0.89μmol/L respectively, optimized through Box-Behnken design and RSM. In optimum conditions, the yield of astaxanthin is about 6.89 mg/L, 51% higher than the production under the initial conditions.

Three plasmin activity mold strains screened from traditional fermentation bean products. A mutant was obtained by isolation, purification and induced mutation. The results showed that two strains are determined as head molds or mucors while one strain is dry blue mold(Penicillium curinum Thom). Through initial determination on strain characteristics and microscope shape test, the plasmin activity is improved from 68 U/g, 56 U/g, 72U/g to 488 U/g, 416 U/g, 660 U/g respectively with ultraviolet mutation and ultraviolet- lithium chloride combination mutagenization.

Alliin and alliinase were extracted from garlic (Allium Sativum L.) and their antimicrobial activities also were studied. The results showed that alliinase shows strong antimicrobial activities for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, especially for two fungal strains, namely Candida albicaus and Candida krusei.

The effects of acetone on activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus were investigated. The results showed that the remaining enzyme activity rapidly declines with increasing of acetone concentrations. The enzyme activity remained 5% while acetone concentration(V/V) reached 40%, which suggested the acetone makes the enzyme inactivate obviously. Acetone concentration leading to 50% activity lost (repress half- life, IC50) is estimated to be 7.2%. The inactivation of enzyme by lower concentration of acetone (<10%) is a reversible reaction with remaining enzyme activity. Thekinetics analysis of inactivation showed that the inactivation of the enzyme in acetone solutions is of mix-competitive type. The combinative constants (KI and KIS) of the free enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex are determined to be 5.32% and 27.2%, respectively. The value of KIS is larger than that of KI, indicating a marked protective effect of the substrate on the inactivation of the enzyme.

A strain for producing γ-decanolactone was obtained by composite mutation (ultraviolet mutation and chemical mutation). After the first ultraviolet mutation, the yield of γ-decanolactone was as 2.5 times as the original strain. But the yield was not stability and didn’t have further increase after more mutations. At last diethyl sulfate stabilized the yield, and it was increased by 2.3 times.

In this paper, the principle of experiment and operation method of extracting keratin from eggshell membrane with alkaline protease was introduced. From the results, the optimum conditions were obtained, including the quantity of alkaline protease 2%(W/W), solid-liquid ratios 1:15, pH9～10, temperature 55～65 ℃, and reaction time 60 min etc. The keratin yield reaches 26%.

The extracting conditions of mycelia polysaccharide from Antrodia camphorata were studied. The orthogonal test results showed that the optimum conditions are as follows: adding water at a ratio of 1:30 for dry mycelia to water, extracting for 2 h at 90 ℃ and the extraction rate of soluble polysaccharides 10%. The immunocompetence of different extracting conditions of polysaccharide were investigated with immunocyte cultivation technique in vitro. The experimental results showed that the proliferation of mouse lymphocytes is increased significantly by sample 6.

Dominant bacterium is separated from stinky tofu qualitatively and quantitatively, identified with indicator paper. It was concluded that pseudomonas (PS.fluo./putida) is the dominant bacterium but amount of mould is relatively small. This assay affords the theoretical basics for industrial production of stinky tofu.

This paper carried on ethanol fermentation by immobilized cell with PVA(polyvinyl alcohol) carrier by either freezing or crosslinking with H3BO3. The results showed that the carrier prepared by freezing method owns stable capability when carried through numerous fermentation and the highest ethanol concentration can achieve 8.37%, realizing re-fermentation and cost reduction greatly. The carrier prepared by crosslinking with H3BO3 has better effect on one batch fermentation, while the ethanol concentration can achieve 8.26%, with residue sugar 0.18%, but the carrier becomes metamorphosed seriously, so it is not suitable for re-fermentation.

In this experiment, the growth rate constants of E.coli were assayed with microcalorimetric method by different temperatures, pHs and glycyrrhiza concentrations. Then, the relation among rate constant, temperatures, pHs and drug concentrations were simulated by computer. By this means, the optimum temperature for growth is obtained as 311K(38 ℃). At the same time, the optimum pH for growth is 7.79 and the optimum concentration of glycyrrhiza 0.192 g/ml.

The analysis method on six sulfonamides in milk, namely sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfadimethoxine and sulfadiazine was studied. Milk containing sulfonamides was extracted with chloroform -acetone mixture (2:1, V/V) twice. The extract was combined and evaporated to dry, then dissolved in methanol-0.08% acetic acid (60:40, V/V). Purified by hexane, the extract was analyzed in HPLC in a C18 column with methanol-acetic acid-H2O as eluent. Sulfonamide residues were detected by a UV detector and their concentrations were determined with calibrated curves. A good linear relationship exists for all residues in concentration range of 0.01～1.0 mg/L, while the detection limit for sulfadiazine and sulfamerazine and sulfamethazine is 0.010 mg/L and for sulfadimethoxine and sulfamonomethoxine and sulfadimethoxine 0.015 mg/L. The analysis procedure needs total time less than 3 h with an addition recovery for sulfonamides about 69.4%～ 123.5% and coefficient of variation less than 8%. The method is rapid, simple and accurate.

In this paper, protein and fat in the milk were mostly eliminated by the precipitators. Benzoic acid, sorbic acid and saccharin sodium were determined in the same time by HPLC with UV detector. The results were that the recovery was 93.1%～103.0%, the relative standard deviations are 0.78%, 1.15% and 1.51% respectively. The conclusion can be reached that the method is feasible, rapid and reliable.

A method was developed for the determination of tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in foods with gas chromatograpy-selected mass spectrometry (GC-MS). TBHQ was extracted and concentrated from samples by ethyl acetate, then dissolved by saturated acetonitrile and cleaned up by n-hexane. TBHQ was thus determined and the content of TBHQ was assayed. The limit of quantitative detction(S/N)>10 is 0.05 mg/kg and the recovery is in the range of 90%～102% and the relative standard deviation is 1.10%.

A new method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction with florisil-graphitized carbon black has been developed to determine methamidophos in various vegetables. The methamidophos was assayed by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Optimization of different parameters such as the type of solid supports for matrix dispersion, the ratio of sample, sorbent, different eluents and dosage was carried out. The results showed that the recovery range is 85.7%～109.2% with relative standard deviation lower than 8%. It proved that MSPD is a valid method to analyze methamidophos for most vegetables.

A method for determination of cholesterol in extracts from antler velvet by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction was presented. Cholesterol was assayed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, where oven temperature was controlled with a temperature elevation program set at 278 ℃ for 5 min, elevated to 286 ℃ at the rate of 2.5 ℃/min for 6 min, and then elevated to 305 ℃ at the rate of 40 ℃/min maintained for 3 min. The temperature at injector port and detector was set at 295 ℃ and 305 ℃ respectively. The flow rates were 30 ml/min for nitrogen, 47 ml/min for hydrogen, and 400 ml/min for air. The calibration curve is linear with the ranges of 0.20～1.00μg for cholesterol and the regression equation is Y=106X- 54842(r=0.9989). The recovery is 100.4% with RSD 3.3%(n=5).

Using D-xylose as standard and DNS as color developing reagent, the content of xylose in coconut shell was indirectly determined by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the maximum absorption wavelength is 490 nm with the good recurrences, and high recovery, and the relative error is small. This method is simple in operation with good result.

Objective: To establish a new determination method of trace-copper in Nanyang color wheat. Methods: Selecting Nanyang grey wheat, blue wheat, common violet wheat, viotet hard-wheat and Zhou wheat 16 as the raw materials, copper-selective electrode with direct reading concentration method was adopted. It compared it with the China Standard (GB/T5009.13-2003) for determining trace copper in Nanyang color wheat, after the samples being digested by high- pressure microwave. Results: The recovery is in range 86.5%～102.0% by standard addition method. The relative stan- dard deviations(RSD) is between 1.1%～3.1%(n=11). The lowest detection limit of copper is 0.0026 mg/L. The linear range is 0.032～65 mg/L. Conclusions: This method is found to be direct-reading, quick, simple, sensitive and accurate. The analytical results are satisfactory.

A HPLC method was established to determine xylitol, sorbitol and maltitol in foods. The final chromatographic conditions are as follows: using amino chromatographic column of waters NH2 with refractive index detector, elution influent is 85:15 methane:water (V/V), flow rate 1.0 ml/min and injection volume 10μl . The repeatability relative standard deviations of this method is below 2% and the recovery is over 98%. A satisfied result is obtained under this chromatographic conditions, and the whole separation can be finished within 20 min. The results showed that this new HPLC analysis method is both correct and fast enough to be used to determine most kinds of foods containing these three sorts of sugar alcohols.

A novel chemiluminescence method for the determination of fenthion based on the reaction of Luminol and H2O2 in the presence of NaBr has been established under the optimal conditions. The CL intensity is linear to the fenthion concentra- tion in the range of 1.0×10-8～1.0×10-6 g/ml, and the detection limit is 2.5×10-9 g/ml. The relative standard is less than 1.7% for 5.0×10-7 g/ml fenthion (n=11). This method has been successfully applied for the determination of fenthion in fruits and vegetable samples. At the same time, further study will focuse on the dynamic curve of fenthion.

Using the microwave digestion system, the zine and copper in Brasenia schreber J.F.Gmel were determined by microwave-digestion atomic absortion spectrometry in this paper. Using L9(34)orthogonal experiment, the effects of the ratio of HNO3 to H2O2, the ratio of the sample to digestion solution, the digestion time and the digestion power were studied. The optimum digestion conditions are: HNO3/H2O2 (V/V) 1:1, sample/solution (g/ml) 1:12, the digestion time 6 min and the microwave power 700 W. Under the optimum digestion conditions, it is satisfactory to apply the microwave digestion procedure to determine respectively zine with the recovery of 98.40%～101.80% and the RSD of 6.19%, and copper with the recovery of 97.60%～ 102.80% and the RSD of 4.61%. The results showed that this method is rapid and simple with low reagent consumption and complete digestion.

The residues of veterinary drugs in food of animal origin have potential hazards to people’s health. In this paper, a homemade surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor was used to develop a sensitive and fast immunoassay to determine sulfamethazine(SMT). The conditions of the immobilization of the antigen on the chip were studied and the concentration of antibody was optimized. The standard curve was constructed. The LOD (limit of detection) was 0.7 ng/ml (n=5) with the detection scope 0.7～10 ng/ml.The specificity and the stability of the antibody were also studied. The SPR-2004 biosensor was home-made with one channel and the sensor chip had two surfaces including a reference surface that could cancel the change of refractive index and non-specific adsorption to improve the quality of the data and to also decrease the detection time.

A gas chromatography-electron impact mass specrometric method was developed for analyzing the compositions of the fatty acids in sea cucumber, whereas 2-amino-2-methylpropanol was used as the pre-column chemical modifying reagent for assaying the fatty acids. The functional group modilication effectively suppresses the migration of double bonds in the fatty acid chain and leads to regular informative mass spectra regarding to the position of the olefinic bonds in the chain. The position of double bonds of the fatty acids in sea cucumber were located by analyzing electron impact mass spectra of 2-alkenyl-4,4- dimethyloxazolines with a hidden carboxy1 as derivative of the fatty acids.According to the analysis of GC-EIMS, 16 fatty acids were identified. Sea cucumber consists of the fatty acids of C14～C24 and 33.49% of them are polyunsaturated fatty acids. The main components of the polyunsaturated fatty acids are 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid and 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexenoic acid whose relative contents are 18.26% and 6.65% respectively. Besides, 14-tricosenoic acid (relative content 3.31%) with odd- numbered was identified.

DEAE-Cellulose-52 ion-exchange chromatography was used to separate CUS-SeP. It was successful to obtain four fractions, by the step gradient elution. PE was further purified by SephdexG-200. Electrophoresis was applied to identify the purity of PE, and identified to be electrophoresis grade purity. The structure characteristics of CUS-SeP were analysed with UV and FTIR.

The pretreatment of the sample plays very important role in analyzing and determining trace elements. This paper reported that in the photometric determination of phosphorus in milk power, sample is improved with microwave digestion technique. The parameters such as reagent proportion, solution volume, time, pressure, microwave digestion power are optimized. Compared with the traditional dissolution method, the microwave digestion technique has the predominant features of less acid used and less time needed. In addition, environmental contamination is remarkably reduced.

The volatile compounds of“ Dajie”apricot juice and its fermented juice were extracted and identified with solid- phase micro extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS). 57 from processed juice and 50 from fermented juice respective compounds were identified. 42 compounds were lost after fermentation but 35 new compounds produced. The relative contents of acetic acid hexyl ester, alpha-pinolene, apha-terpineol, tradecane, and dodecane decrease observably; alcohol and acetic acid ethyl ester increase after fermentation; the relative contents of acetic acid pentyl ester phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1- dimethylethyl)-4-methyl, 3-pentanol, 2,4-dimethyl icosane, docosane, beta-ionone, 2H-pyran, 2-ethenyltetrahydro-2,6,6- trimethyl, and 3-decyne did not change in content.

EAPSⅠ and EAPSⅡextracted from M.aeruginosa had inhabiting effects on tumor cells in cultivating normal and tumor cells and cancer mice. Results indicated that EAPSⅠ and EAPSⅡ are all toxic to cells of HEK293 but the toxicity is less than that of 5-FU. The growth of Hela, SP2-0 or U251 cells is all evidently restrained by them and the inhabiting effects go up gradually as the treatment time continues, and the highest inhabiting effects occur on the 6th or 8th day. EAPSⅠ and EAPSⅡ accelerate the death of Hela cells; and both show no significant differences with 5-FU on prolonging mice life by testing on S180 tumor cells.

Study on normal human body blood sugar and liver enzymes changes affected by oral mogrosides intake. Volunteers for first time took oral 30% mogrosides 200 mg/kg. After three days the volunteers for second time took oral sugar 300 mg/kg, so as to measure the blood sugar contents by times. Compar the first results time with the second time by statistics t examination. The results of those taken orally mogrosides with the results before taking by statistics t examination were compared. Those taking orally 30% mogrosides 200 mg/kg, were drawn blood samples to measure activities of liver enzymes use biochemistry assay instrument before and after test. Results before and after test by statistics t examination were compared. Taking oral mogrosides 200 mg/kg does not affect blood sugar and liver enzymes in health adults.

The polysaccharide was extracted from Astragalus to prepare the Astragalus polysaccharide-chromium complex and the effects of the polysaccharide and its chromium complex on blood levels of the diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ) were studied. The purified polysaccharides were coordinated with chromium (III) in alkaline solution. The structure of the complex was expressed by the methods of IR and UV. The diabetic mice (i.g) were fed with the complex and polysaccharide respectively and recorded the weights and blood glucose levels of the diabetic mice. The prepared polysaccharides-chromium complex can significantly reduce the blood glucose of the diabetic mice in comparison with those before administration (p<0.05), while the Astragalus polysaccharide can reduce the blood glucose only by the low dose. The complex of polysaccharides-chromium has better effects on reducing blood glucose than those of polysaccharide alone.

Objective: To investigate the effects of yak bone powder on the bone density, bone calcium content and bone calcium apparent absorption rate in rats. Method: Seventy female SD rats were divided into 7 groups. The low calcium control group was fed with 1180 mg Ca/kg in diet. The three experiment groups were fed three dosage of yak bone powder, corresponding to 5, 10, 20, times of the recommended dosage for human body. Ca contents in the three groups are respectively 1437, 1852, 2778 mg/kg of diet. For another three groups, Ca contents in the diet were the same as the experiment groups, but using calcium carbonate as control. At the end of the fourth week, calcium metabolic experiment was performed for 3 days. Food intake was recorded and feces were collected for calcium contents assay. Calcium apparent absorption rate was also assayed. Twelve weeks later, bone calcium, bone density, bone length and femur bone weight were all assayed. Result: The results showed that yak bone powder shows higher calcium apparent absorption rate than calcium carbonate. Bones Ca content and bone density in yak bone powder groups are significant and higher than those in the low Ca control group. However, there are no significant differences between yak bone powder group and calcium carbonate group. Conclusion: Yak bone powder may improve bone density and have a higher apparent absorption rate than calcium carbonate.

Objective: The effects on adjusting human body blood glucose and the process technology on buckwheat Spirulinacomplex tablet were studied in this paper. Methods: Ⅱdiabetes who continuously took buckwheat Spirulina complex tablet after 40 days and 60 days respectively were tested with corresponding indexes by reference to the method of assaying clinical symptoms to defend against high blood glucose. Results: Over 85% clinical symptoms of diabetes are obviously improved after 40-day administration of the tablets. However, diabetes feel hungry easily and tend to eat more, be languid and weak and make much urination. The three clinical indexes are not significantly different, but the clinical indexes of being thirsty and tending to drink more water are significantly different (p<0.05). Blood glucose of empty stomach 2 h after the meal is not significanly difference. However, the clinical symptoms of diabetes show significant difference in blood glucose of empty stomach and 2 h after the meal after 60-day administration of the tablet. Conclusions: The buckwheat Spirulina nutrition complex tablets are of obvious function of regulating the blood glucose.

The effect of CGMP on BABL/c gut mucosal secrete IgA level was investigated in this paper. The casein glycomacropeptide was separated from Crino whey powder. Gut mucosal immunomodulational ability by the stimulation of CGMP was explored. The method adopted was feeding BABL/c mice the preparation of CGMP, autopsying the experiment mice in 2, 5, 7d, and scraping and collecting mice gut mucous solution. The concentration of SIgA was determined by RIA method. The research results show that there was obvious influence of CGMP on the level of gut mucosal SIgA. Significant increase of gut mucosal immunomodulational ability was observed upon the stimulation of CGMP.

The preservation effects on grape fruits with highly purified dandelion CA and its inclusions were investigated in this paper. Results showed that, during its storage period, all of them can effectively reduce the weight-lost rate and mildewing rate, delay the increase of the membrane permeability, inhibit the decrease of the contents of the total acidity and vitamin C, and resist the stabilities of SOD activities. Results also indicated a close positive correlationship among the effects on the stored grapes and the concentration of CA and its inclusions. The preservation effects of CA inclusions were better than those of CA alone, and the effects of CA inclusion with neural heterpolysaccharide of Bletilla striata(B-CA) prove to be the best of all. Results may owe to the increasing of stabilities of CA inclusions and B-CA may form a protective membrane outside the stored grapes.

The quality changes of jujube fruits (Zizyphus jujube Mill cv.Dongzao) treated with CaCl2 and salicylic acid (SA) were investigated during storage at (0±1) ℃. The results showed that the treatment of CaCl2 is beneficial to the decreasing decay and capable to maintain the quality of fruits, whereas the treatment of salicylic acid gives the opposite results.

Experiment was conducted with sweetsop cultivar“ African Pride”(Annona squamosa L. cv. African Pride). The fruits were fumigated with 1.8μl/L 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) for 17 hours at 25 ℃ and then stored at 15 ℃. The effects of 1-MCP treatment on storage quality and physiological changes of sweetsop fruits during cold storage were investigated. The results showed that 1-MCP treatment can increase significantly the rate of good fruits, delay the increase of TSS content in early storage and delay the ripening and softening of sweetsop fruits, 1-MCP treatment also can inhibit significantly the loss of VC content (p<0.01), and inhance the activities of SOD, POD and CAT in sweetsop fruits in late storage. In addition, 1-MCP treatment can decrease PPO activity and MDA content.

Spraying litchi with 0.03% and 0.05% chitosan a month before harvest, the results showed that the rots of postharvest litchi were controlled effectively, perhaps mainly due to the accumulations of chitinase and β-1,3-gluconase in litchi pericarp, more content of organic acids in litchi aril and slowing down the activities of both of enzymes mentioned above and the concentration of organic acids. It also appeared that the 0.05% chitosan is more effective than 0.03%.

Steady temperature field and unsteady temperature field with periodic temperature variations were simulated respectively in the frozen storage fields. The experiments of the dehydrating process of half-thawed and non-thawed quick frozen white asparagus were carried out respectively in different temperature fields. Theoretical analysis and experimental results showed that the existence of the temperature field is the ultimate cause of the water uneveness in the local mini-fields and also the cause of harmful dehydration of the quick frozen white asparagus.

Effects of post-harvest hot air treatment at 38 ℃ for 4 days on the quality and ripeness characteristics of Gala apples(Malus domestica Borkh.) were studied in this paper. Apples were heat treated at 38 ℃ for 4 days immediately after harvest and then placed at 0 ℃ for 6 weeks. Upon removal from storage, fruits were kept for 1 week at 20 ℃ as shelf life. During the storage or shelf life, the quality and ripeness parameters were assayed. Hot air treatment decreases the respiration rate and ethylene evolution, improves the ratio of soluble solid content/titratable acidity, accelerates the yellow of the peel, inhibits softening during cold storage, and reduces the relativity conductivity at the end of cold storage and shelf life. After the shelf life, heat treated apples maintain better texture quality than controls. Sensory tests showed that heat treated apples are harder and crisper than controls, and improve the acceptability after storage. Pre-storage heat treatment can improve the storage quality of ’Gala’ apples and delay ripeness.

Intelligent packaging has been one of the most widely concerned topics on the globe. Intelligent packaging was good for food preservation. The mechanism of food preservation and the characteristics of intelligent packaging technology were analyzed. This article introduced the application of intelligent packaging in food preservational.

Sweet potato glycoprotein is a kind of functional active components which have important physiological and pharmacological activities. This article reviews the latest research on configuration, the physico-chemical quality, extraction and purification. The developing envisagement is put forward.

Tofu is a soybean-protein-gel. The formation of tofu gel is affected by many factors, such as the material of the tofu, the processing conditions and coagulant used, which are reviewed in this paper. In order to provide the theory for the large scale- production of the tofu, the trend of processing research on tofu gel is reviewed.

Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs) are an extremely diverse group of small proteins that are considered together because of their native antimicrobial activity. Reviews on the structure, mechanism of antimicrobial, the updated research progress, actual problems and prospects in biological control of antimicrobial peptides from halobios were elucidated.

The food safety standards are standards that have relation to food safety. The subject of standards laying down consist of standardization government, health government, agriculture government and environment protection government .The present food safety legal system of standard in China has the following problems: the definition of standard goes against that of the World Trade Organization; compulsory standard is indistinct in legal nature, source of validity and legal grade in whole legal system; the range of compulsory standard and its content is not reasonable; voluntary standard is not clear in legality; and conflicts among standards are severe. It is appropriate method to solve aforementioned problem to change government leading food safety standard system from to voluntary standard system, to change mandatory food safety standard system to voluntary system.

This paper reviewed on the effects of Food Safety Objectives (FSO) theory used in the food safety system. The author generally introduced FSO theory from both concept level and application level. Moreover, this paper summarized theimportant status and role of FSO in the food safety control system, and was expected to offer a theoretical gist for the further development of Chinese food industry and the improvement of food safety control system.

After a lot of study on the rich wild grape resources of Changbai Mountain, high quality and high value-added wild wine varieties were developed. Determine the harvest, juice processing and fermentation technology were the key to solve the low-temperature fermentation technology.

Different lipids or their mix ture give some impacts to ice cream texture, mouth feel, overrun and melting resistance.The result shows that coconut oil, butter and their mix ture are more suitable for ice cream application. However the formulation base and the process must be corresponded. The lipids effect less on anti-melting characteristic while they play a more important role in ice cream texture, mouth feel and overrun.