The effects of hydrogen peroxide on the increased cold tolerance of tomato by cold-shock treatment and metabolism of dynamic changes of antioxidant enzyme system were studied. Cold-shock treatment reduced the chilling injury rate and chilling injury index, enhanced the endogenous H2O2 content in the beginning of storage, postponed the increases of MDA and increased the activities of CAT and APX. The MDA content increased after pretreatment with dimethylthiourea before cold-shock treatment. Furthermore, the activities of CAT and APX were inhibited. These results indicated that cold-shock increases cold tolerance of tomato, reduces the effects on the injury of cell membrane and increases the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Pretreatment with dimethylthiourea (a trap for H2O2) remarkably inhibits cold tolerance induced by cold-shock. All the results showed that endogenous H2O2 may improve the tolerance cold shock-enhanced tomatoes.

Antimicrobial activity of Vitis L. ploysaccharide(VLP) were tested against 3 bacteria in food. The results showed that there are stronger antimicrobial effects on E.scherichia coli than on Bacillus sttbtilis except Staphy lococcus aureus. To the same species of grape, the antibiotic activity is enhanced with the increase of average molecular weight of VLP; while to different kinds, the white grape antibiotic activity is better than the red one. The inhibition effects of VLP against milk microbers were then studied. VLP shows significant inhibitant activity against the medium baterial count, but the milk VLP has little inhibitant activity against antimicrobial activity to the total bacillus and also thermophilic bacillus.In 4℃, the milk added to VLP-B0 can help restore 7 days, 3 days longer than the milk without VLP or 5 days longer than the fresh milk in 22℃.

The effects of trehalose on actomyosin of salted pike eel muscle were first investigated. The results of DSC indicated that trehalose can stabilize myofibrillar protein, while the results of FT-IR revealed that trehalose can also stabilize secondary structure of actomyosin when its concentration is higher than 2.90%. From surface hydrophobicity, Ca2+-ATPase activity and sulfhydryls (SHs) content we could conclude that trehalose increases hydrophobic interaction and reduces oxidation of SHs and formation of disulfide when trehalose concentration is higher than 2.90%. Therefore, when trehalose was added into salting process and its concentration is higher than 2.90%, the actomyosin can be stabilized and the quality and flavor of cured pike eel improved.

Objective: To investigate the antibacterial activities to periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Pg; Actinomycetemcomitans actinobacillus, Aa; Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fn) by propolis in different menstruums of different concentrations. Method: To use filter paper and multiple dilute propolis solutions, so as to compare the effects of the solution of different concentrations, and find the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC). Results: The propolis in different menstruums has different effects, in the order: 95% ethanol > 70% ethanol > glycerin solution > water. The effect reduce when the concentration falls. The effects differ on three test pathogens, Pg > Fn > Aa. Propolis solution of 95% ethanol and 70% ethanol shows evidence antibacterial activities on Pg and Fn, and the effects reduce when the concentration falls. High concentration propolis solution of glycerin also shows antibacterial activities on test pathogens. In this research propolis solution of water has no distinct activities.

A stepwise procedure for purification of lactoferrin (LF) extracted from bovine colostrum by ion exchange chromatography on a pilot scale was investigated. SP Sepharose Fast Flow (SP Sepharose FF) of excellent absorption speciality for LF, was chosen as the ion exchanger with elution rate of 2 L/h. 0.5 mol/L NaCl aqueous solution was used to elute the secretory immunoglobulin A and lactoperoxidase. Then, lactoferrin was eluted with 1.0 mol/L NaCl aqueous buffer. Lactoferrin fraction is shown as a single band in SDS-PAGE with molecular weight of 80400 Da. The isoelectric point of lactoferrin is 8.65 determined by isoelectric focusing. The purity of refined LF on pilot production is 94.20% with a yield of 75.45%.

The processing characteristics of nine different carrot varieties were comprehensively evaluated by using the grey correlative degree analysis to analyze carotenoids content, total soluble solid(TSS), juicing rate and yields. The results showed that the correlative degree of H4 is closest to the ideal variety among the experimental materials to show the good potential for processing the carrot juice with the best processing characteristics such as high yield, juicing rate, TSS, and carotenoids content. Among the commercial varieties, Juhong No.1 is the best variety for processing juice, while the others are ranked in the order: Chaoji Wucun, Heitian Wucun, Juhong No.2, Hongxin Dagen and Chanteney in turn.

Objective: To study the antioxidative effects and its regularity of Evodia lepta (collected in China, Hainan). Method: Scavenging effects of Evodia lepta on hydroxyl radical (·OH) produced from O-phenathroline-ascorbic acid system, super oxide anion radical(O2·) produced from pyrogallol-CTMAB system and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) was studied by chemilu- minescence assay. Result: The water extract of Evodia lepta has a significant effect on hydroxyl radical, super oxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion: The water extract of Evodia lepta is an efficiency antioxidant.

In this paper, alliinase from fresh garlic was purified with Sephacryl S-200 gel column and the spectral characteristic of ultraviolet/visible spectra, fluorescence and CD spectroscopy were studied. The results showed that in alliinase α-helix structure accounts for about 27%～30%, β-pleated sheet structure almost doesn’t exist, β-turn structure accounts for about 30%, and random coil structure accounts for about 40%.

Antimicrobial effects of leaves extracts of Lonicera japonica Thunb.were investigated. The extracts of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Leaves exhibited variable inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae which were all harmful to sanitation and safety of food as well as clinical medicine. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the flavones from Lonicera japonica Thunb. leaves to each sensitive strain was respectively determined as 125, 62.5, 250, 1000, 250, 62.5, 250 and 250μg/g. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the chlorogenic acid from Lonicera japonica Thunb. leaves to each sensitive strain was respectively determined as 250, 250, 500, 2000, 500, 125, 500 and 500 μg/g.

The antimicrobial effects of aqueous alcohol extract from pterula umbrinella Bres. against three kinds of germs, two kinds of yeasts and two kinds of molds were studied. The results showed that pterula umbrinella Bres. extract has antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyes cerevisiae, Rhodotorula sp., Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrimum. The minimum inhibition concentrations(MIC) against these tested strains are 0.5%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 3.0%, 2.5% and 2.5% respectively. Temperature has little influence on the antimicrobial effect of pterula umbrinella Bres. extract.

Rheology properties and thermodynamics properties of the denaturalized hydrolyzed gelatin were studied in this paper. Results showed that the denaturalizing temperature range of denaturalized hydrolyzed gelatin became narrower andenthalpy variety was higher than that of hydrolyzed gelatin. Viscosity of denaturalized hydrolyzed gelatin solution became higher with higher concentration, but solution had good fluidity even if the concentration was 30%. Temperature had significant effect on the viscosity, and the relativity accorded with Arrhenius model: lgη =lgA+Ea/2.303RT. Denaturalized hydrolyzed gelatin solution appeared to be a shear thinner liquid state when the shear rate was at lower range, but when the shear rate was above 30 Pa·s, it became Newton liquid.

The compound A was isolated through silica gel column chromatography, its structure was elucidated through physiochemical and spectral analysis, and its activity of monomer was studied by lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid, chemical irritant light reaction. The results showed that the monomer is a new phytosterol, its structure is characterized as 24-ethyl-cholestane- 3-o-β-D-glucopyranoside with strong ability of inhibiting linoleic acid peroxidation, and its capacities of scavenging O2· and ·OH are weak.

The crude extract, fractions and subfractions derived from RPV were evaluated for the DPPH radical scavenging ability, the inhibition ability of bleaching β-carotene and the reducing power. The EAF (ethyl acetate-soluble fraction) and EAF6 (a subfraction derived from EAF) were the most valuable fraction and subfraction, respectively. Furthermore, bioactivity-guided chromatographic fractionation revealed that four pure compounds greatly contributed to the antioxidant activities. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the major antioxidant constituents in the extract were systematically conducted by NMR, Mass spectra and RP-HPLC. The results demonstrated that gallic acid, (+)catechin, galloyl-paeoniflorin and galloyl-oxypaeoniflorin were the major antioxidative constituents in RPV. These compounds showed stronger activity than the BHT in four tested concentration levels. The results from this study indicate that RPV extract as well as isolated compounds are promising antioxidants which can be used as food additives.

In this experiment, with low-field NMR water content changes and moisture migration behavior of different ways of handling navel orange during storage were studied, and with combined analysis of physical and chemical method, the relationship of NMR parameters and the changes of navel orange quality were also studied. Experimental results showed that the navel orange with wax has the top T2 relaxation time and the changes of T2 are relatively slow with 2,4-D and carbendazol in four of handling methods. From T2 data and physical and chemical analysis, the blank sample of water has the shortest shelf life, and the navel oranges with other handling methods have longer shelf life. The Macromolecular material degradation to small molecules, the peel losing water-holding capacity and the free water consumption greater than formation of water are the main reasons of navel orange corruption.

With corn starch as raw material, the optimal dispersing method of starch film modified by nano-silica was studied. And the structure of the films was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction and scanning electron micrography (SEM). The results showed that the dispersion liquor, with nano-silica 2% (of starch and PVA) and PA dispersant 1.5% (of nano- silica), is obtained by mechanical grinding dispersion for 1 h. Then the dispersion liquor is put in the blend solution of ST-PVA. Properties of starch films are improved remarkably by adding a little amount of nano-silica. The tensile strength and breaking elongation of the film are 34.82 MPa and 331% respectively, which meet the national standard GB4456-84. A dense and homogeneous network is generated. The conclusion in the research will provide theoretical base and practical references for making full-biodegradable film with corn starch and nano-silica to eliminate “white pollution” problem.

The experiment studied the extraction technology of extra-cellular polysaccharide (EPS) of Cordyceps brasiliensis. Single factor experiment was used to choose every factor’s level, then the orthogonal revolving regression analysis method of Design-Expert software was used to analyze the data and determine the optimal extraction technology conditions for extracting EPS. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the extraction of EPS are: 5 times volume of ethanol, depositing 10 hoursat pH 7.0, and the yield of EPS reaches the maximal value 2.7734g/L.

Diosgenin was extracted by grinding starch pretreatment and ultrasonic extracting method from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright. The effects of grinding starch time, ultrasonic extraction time, ethanol concentration, ratio of material to solvent and number of extractions times on extraction yield were investigated. By employing response surface methodology, the relationship of grinding starch time, ultrasonic extraction time, ratio of material and solvent and extraction yield was founded. The parameters of extraction process were optimized, so the optimal experiment parameters are: grinding starch time 5 min, ultrasonic extraction time 50 min and the ratio of material and solvent 1:18, extraction yield of ultrasonic wave extraction method increased 19% compared with the traditional method. The method is energy-saving, of low pollution and better efficiency.

In conventional chilling, carcass shrinkage was so serious that caused considerable economic losses. To solve this problem, spray-chill system was introduced during the cooling period. In this study, effects of different spray-chilling durations (4, 8, 12 and 16h) were compared with conventional chilling on carcass shrinkage and pork quality during chilling. It indicated that spray-chilling significantly reduced carcass shrinkage at 24 h postmortem, slightly increased bacterial counts, but had little effect on retail life of M.Longissimus. Regarding WHC (water-holding capacity) of muscle,drip loss was higher with the prolonging of spray-chill treatment time, while colour of carcass showed only a little change except for a slight increase on the value of CIE L* of fat. Fat color tended to brighten and turned gray as spray duration extended up to 12 h. The rate of chilling was similar for all treatments (p>0.05), while pH of carcasses by 16 h treatment turned lower than others at the end of chilling.

The extraction and purification technology of the water-soluble polysaccharide from Fructus Corni was studied in this paper. Several factors of affecting extraction rate such as extraction temperature, extraction times and the ratio of sample to water (W:V) were studied. The results showed that the extraction temperature is the major factor to affect the polysaccharide extraction rate. By uniform design test the optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature 100 ℃, extraction time 180 min and the ratio of sample to water 1:36. The extraction rate reaches 199.36 mg/g under the optimal extraction conditions. The crude polysaccharide was purified by ethanol sedimentation, dialysis, DE-52 chromatography. The purified Fructus Corni polysaccharide was examined with ultraviolet spectral analysis without any protein, nuclear acid. It showed that size is obtained homogeneous single composition polysaccharide of molecule by agarose gel electrophoresis shown in the single area.

In this paper, supercritical CO2 extraction was used to extract the oil from silkworm pupa. The optimal extraction conditions was obtained with orthogonal test. The conditions are: extraction pressure 25 MPa, extraction temperature 35 ℃ and extraction time 3 hours. On these conditions, the extraction ratio of silkworm pupa is 95.99%.

Objective: Effects of ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction on Radix platycdonis polysaccharide were studied. The optimal extract conditions were confirmed. Methods: Effects of each factor on polysaccharide were studied through single factor test, and then the optimal ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction conditions were confirmed through orthogonal test. Results: The optimal ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction conditions are as follows: ratio of solution to materiol (V/W) 45.33～47.90, temperature 75 ℃, power 162～180 W, time 37～39 min. On these conditions the extraction rate of polysaccharide is more than 35%. Conclusion: Ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction can benefit for polysaccharide extraction.

Based on single-factor tests analysis (substrate concentration, enzyme concentration and substrate concen- tration ratio, pH, enzymolysis time and enzymolysis temperature), the optimum conditions of alcalase enzymatic hy- drolysis are determined by response surface methodology as follows: pH9, hydrolyzing temperature 50 ℃, enzyme concentration 1460 U/g pro substrate concertration 6%, hydrolyzing time 2 h.

This article analysed the hydrolysis technology of the squeeze junk protein from the fish powder by neutral enzyme, amino acid compositions and the relative molecular weight scope of the hydrolysis liquid. Using orthogonal test to study the proteinase hydrolysis conditions of the squeeze junk protein from the fish powder. The results showed that the mean hydrolysis degree was 52.3% when pH was 7.5 and 400 U/g enzyme quantity at 55 ℃ hydrolysis for 6 hours. This article also analysed the amino acid compositions and the relative molecular weight scopes of the hydrolysis liquid by amino acid analysis instrument and HPLC, the results showed that the hydrolysis liquid had balance amino acid compositions and plentiful indispensable aminoacids, the results also showed that the relative molecular weight scopes 132～1500 of 2～10 peptides occupied 80%. The squeezed junk from fish poeder could be used as health care food and high quality raw materials of the nutrition intensifiers, meanwhile, it had important sense for resolving the waste water of the fish powder production industry.

The extraction of anthocyanin in gomphrena globosa by microorganism was studied. The effects of microorganism, temperature, pH value, ratio of solid to liquid and treatment time on the extract of anthocyanin in gomphrena globosa wasinvestigated, and the result was estimated by color value measured by extinction photometry method. The stability of anthocyanin was also studied in the term of sunlight, acidity, oxidant, reducer, temperature, sugar or metal iron, respectively. The results showed that, the premium absorbed wavelength is 530 nm; the extraction of anthocyanin was more influenced by Aspergillus niger than Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma koningi Oud; the stability of anthocyanin was researched in the term of sunlight, oxidant, high temperature, Fe2+, Fe3+ or Al3+, whereas it is improved in the acid environment or reducer existing; it is hardly affected of the stability of anthocyanin by sugar, Zn2+ or Ca2+.

In this research, the combinations of edible organic acid mixture and edible salt with different concentrations are tested to immerse the fruit bodies of oyster mushroom. It showed that the shelf life of the immersed fruit bodies could be more than 510 d by the use of 2.0%～2.5% edible organic acid mixture directly.

Studies were made on extracting flavones from cole pollen. The effects of different solvent concentrations, proportion of material and solution, extraction time and extraction temperature on yield were discussed. Box-Behnken center-united experiment design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the extraction technology of flavones of cole pollen. The optimum extraction conditions showed that the temperature 74 ℃, concentration of ethanol 88%, the ratio of material to solvent 1:10, extraction time 48 min.

Germinated brown rice is a kind of newly developed healthy food in recent years. This study is focused on the effects of different soaking media on rate of germination and length of shoots of germinated brown rice. It showed that low concentra- tions of H2O2 have positive effects on rate of germination and shoot length of germinated brown rice. The optimal concentration is 0.3%, which significantly increases germination rate and length of shoots (p<0.05). Study on soaking with different solutes (including 55.5 mg/L CaCl2, 3% ethanol, 0.02 mg/L gibberllin, 0.3% H2O2 and demineralized water respectively) showed that at the beginning of germination in comparison with other solutes, 0.3% H2O2 improve germination significantly (p<0.05). However, solutes have no significant differences after germination 48 h.

The optimum extracting process of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid from hawthorn fruits by ethanol method was obtained after using L9(34) orthogonal test plan. We selected three elements-ethanol amounts, extraction hours, and extraction times respectively to observe their effects on the extraction of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid from hawthorn fruits. The orthogonal test results showed that the optimum conditions are as follows: the ethanol used 10 times of hawthorn fruits, refluxed and extracted 3 times, sustained for 2.5 h each time with extraction rate up to 92.9%. The major factor affecting the content of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid is the reflux times. On the basis of these experiments, silica gel column chromatography was used to purify the extraction and the final extraction rate of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid is up to 92%.

The aim of this study is to determine the best conditions extracting lutein from Brassic oleraced var. acephala DC., based on its dried powder being soaked in THF(10:1) and saponified through 10% KOH-C2H5OH (6.5:1). Raw lutein was purified through recrystallization and its purity was measured with HPLC. The results showed that under the circumstances of 40Hz ultrasonic wave, the extracted lutein rate reached 3289.42 μg/100 g with the extracted temperature 30 ℃ and the extracted time 20 min. The purity of lutein in free state reached 88.13%.

Optimization of concentration of initiator, reactant, temperature and time respectively on effects of grafting of acrylonitrile and konjac glucomannan (KGM) initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate were studied. The results showed that optimization conditions of grafting are: concentration of initiator 0.01 mol/L, reactant concentration 1.6 mol/L, temperature 50 ℃ and time 3 h. The graft copolymerization is confirmed by IR and X-ray diffraction.

Protein-bearing wastewater’s flocculation conditions were studied by using konjac product series as flocculant.The influence of flocculant, pH, initial COD and flocculant dosage on COD removal rate was observed.Orthogonal test was carried out to optimize process conditions. Results showed that konjac micro powder was best for flocculation as pH and initial COD had significant effect on flocculating. Remarkable effects are not found in range of 3.5～5.0 g/L flocculant dosage. The optimized conditions is pH4.5 with initial COD of 6892 mg/L and 3.5 g/L konjac micro powder. The COD removal rate reached 75.84%.

Gelatinization characteristics of the sweet potato starch using as auxiliary for beer were studied. The optimum conditions for sweet potato’s gelatinization are adding 12 times weight of water and 10 U/g of α-amylase, then gelatinizing at 80 ℃ for 20 minutes. Corresponding saccharifies rate is 77.3%.

Soxlet extraction, alkali extraction and water bathe extraction methods were employed to extract the total flavonoids from roots, stems, leaves of Schisandra Propinqua, the contents of total flavonoids and were determined by means of aluminium nitrate colouration approach. The experiment results indicated that the optimum extraction method of the total flavonoids from the different parts in Schisandra Propinqua is Soxlet extraction. By extracting lipid with benzine in 2 h under 50 ℃ and then extracting total flavonoids by 85% ethanol (material ratio 1:15) in 3 h under 70 ℃, the total flavonoids content of the roots, stems and leaves in Schisandra Propinqua are 1.67%, 0.94% and 2.35% respectively.

Kiwi fruit seed oil was obtained by the supercritical CO2 extraction, and its microcapsulation was studied. The results indicated that the optimal conditions of the kiwi fruit seed oil extraction with supercritical CO2 are as following: extraction pressure 30 MPa, extraction temperature 45 ℃, extraction time 120～150 min. The order of the effects on the encapsulating efficiency, which was from the elements of the microcapsulation formulation, is ratio of core material to wall material > ratio of wall material (arabic gum: malt dextrin)>concentration of material to solvent. Through the orthogonal test design, the optimal ratio of the microcapsulation was obtained with arabic gum to malt dextrin 2:1, the ratio of core to wall 1:3, the concentration of the material 25%(W/V), and the encapsulation efficiency of the productions reached 70%. The stability to the oxidation was increased greatly. The products of micro-encapsulation of kiwi fruit seed oil are spherical, smooth and symmetrical with the optimal proportions and through the process.

Using pig blood and NaNO2, we conducted the experiment of the synthesis of nitrosohemoglobin (HbNO) and put it into sausage instead of the color additives NaNO2. The result shows obvious reduction of the amount of residual NO2 and enhancement of the inclusion of iron. The addition of natural antioxidant and microbe which made sausage ferment to meat improved the sausage flavor and played a controlling role in removing hidden peril and enduring preservation and antibotulinum. All mentioned above help achieve the aim to lower the nitrite content and increase the amount of iron, improve the flavor, ensure safety of sausage.

In order to find out the effects of ultrasonic on the extraction and relative molecular weight of tea polysaccharide, the factors including temperature, material to liquid ratio, time, pH and ultrasonic power, which affect the extraction rate of tea polysaccharide were studied. The test was arrange by orthogonal design. The results showed that the optimum conditions of the traditional preparation method are: 60 ℃, 20:1 of the material to liquid ratio, 120 min, pH6.0; under these conditions, the extraction yield of tea polysaccharide is 4.26%. The optimum conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction are: 150 W, 30:1 of the material to liquid ratio, 40 min, 60 ℃, pH7.0, and the extraction yield of tea polysaccharide is 5.15%. Through the GPC determining, relative molecular weight of tea polysaccharide obtained from conventional extraction is 66439, and that of tea polysaccharide obtained from ultrasonic-assisted extraction is 47447. The results showed that ultrasonic-assisted extraction could increase the extraction yield of tea polysaccharide, but tea polysaccharide was depolymerized.

The roasted chicken were treated with two-stage sterilization of low temperature-heat (85 ℃, 30 min; 90 ℃, 30 min; 95 ℃, 30 min) and microwave (900 W, 2 min) sterilization respectively after vacuum packaged. The results indicateed that the low temperature-heat sterilization is more effective than microwave sterilization. There is an obvious inhibition of the total viable counts, TVB-N value, TBA value and lipid oxidation of the roasted chicken with low temperature-heat sterilization during storage. The shelf life is extended, but there is no obvious variation of pH value of the roast chicken treated with two-stage sterilization of low temperature-heat during storage. For comprehensive consideration to selection of the sterilization condition, two-stage sterilization of low temperature-heat (85～90 ℃, 30 min) is suitable for roasted chicken.

It studied the effection under different kinds of leaching medicament, leaching temperature, leaching time, leaching medicament pH and different rate of Prunus virginiana’s leaves and leaching medicament. The result shows that it can be extracted most well when pH 3, using distilled water as leaching medicament and extracting for 50 minutes at 60 ℃. Then we can use AB-8 colophony to adsorb and use 40% ethanol to elution to get purer pigment. The content of pigment extracted reaches 1.6%.

Microwave-assisted extraction of Gynostemma pentaphyllum polysaccharides was studied by using single factor test and orthogonal test methods. It is concluded that the optimal conditions of extraction are microwave treatment for 12 min at powreof 400 W after being extracted for 50 min, the ratio of material to water 1:20. Under these conditions, the yield of polysaccharides is 3.37%. Compared with directheating extraction, MAE (microwave assisted entraction) can shorten the extraction time and improve yield of Gynostemma pentaphyllum polysaccharides.

In this research, the optimum extracting solvent of proanthocyanidins from grape seed was selected in methanol, ethanol, acetone, water. The results showed acetone is the optimum extracting solvent. Then, through single factor test, on the base of orthogonal test, the optimum extracting conditions were determined. The results were as the following: temperature 60 ℃, concentration of acetone 50%, extraction time 60 min, rate of solution to solid 6:1.

The experiments studied the vitality of the pollens of black pines and the Japanese red pines, and established the grading and qualitative regulation of pine pollen. The best method for producing staminate flower pollens from black pines and Japanese red pine was screened. Meanwhile, the optimum drying temperature and treating time of the pine pollens were determined, and the optimum packing way of pine pollen and the criteria of water content during the long-term storage of pine pollens were established.

A solid adsorbent was made from medicinal stone maifanshi and chitosan which can be used to treat healthy vinegar. The solid adsorbent was prepared by 80 mesh medicinal stone maifanshi mixed with 0.5% acetic aid solution of 90% deacetylation degree chitosan slurry by 1:12 ratio(m:V). The optimal conditions are: absorbent amount of addition 1.5 g/100 ml, agitation time 6 min at room temperature and the vinegar was easily filtered and had a high-quality with amber color and transparence. The vinegar product could be stored for 6 months without any sediment problems. The filtrate slurry could be used for fertilizer and feed additive without environmental pollution.

In order to study effects on antibacterial activities of Emilia sonchifolia extracts by different solvents, the antibacterial ingredients against Emilia sonchifolia were extracted by water, 50% alcohol-water solvent and pure alcohol, respectively, and thentheir extracts were used to inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus in this research. The results showed that water is a good solvent for extracting more ingredients from the herb, and its extracts just only showed a good antibacterial activity agcinst Staphylococcus aureus, but didn’t show a strong antibacterial activity agcinst Bacillus subtilis or Escherichia coli. 50% alcohol-water solvent is an excellent solvent for extracting more ingredients from the herb, and its extracts showed the strongest antibacterial activitly against all of the three kinds of bacterium. The pure alcohol extracts is not a good solvent for extracting more ingredients from the herb, its extracts showed a stronger antibacterial activitly agcinst Bacillus subtilis or Staphylococcus aureus, and a weak antibacterial activity agcinst Escherichia coli. It could be sure from the experimental results that 50% alcohol-water solvent is a best solvent for extracting more antibacterial ingredients from the herb.

In this paper, aiming at optimization of the extraction of Polyonatic Sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP), test factors and levels were firstly selected by one-factor tests. On the basis of previous results and according to the central composite test design principles, the method of response surface method (RSM) with 3 factors and 3 levels was adopted. Response surface and contour are finally graphed with the extraction rate of PSP as the response value. The results showed that the optimum conditions of PSP extraction are: ratio of water to water 21.5:1, the extraction temperature 73.5 ℃, extraction time 2.5 h. The extraction rate of PSP is up to 12.25%, and it is higher 10.6% than one-factor tests.

Thin layer hot-air drying of fresh tilapia fillets at different temperatures was investigated. Meanwhile the suitable mathematical model which can be used to describe the relationship of moisture ratio and drying time was established in this paper. The proof test results showed that the model was good due to the predicted values consistent with the observed values. In addition, the characteristics of energy consumption of the thin layer hot-air drying of tilapia fillets were also researched. It wasfound that the minimum and maximum moisture removal quantity per energy consumption was 423.4 g per kilowatt and 1147.7 g per kilowatt, respectively. The fewer quantities of fillets during drying were, the higher moisture removal quantity per energy consumption was.

Adsorption effects of magnetic chitosan microsphere on protein of soy whey waste water were studied in this paper. The results showed that the maximum removing rate of protein reaches 95.6%. The effective treatment conditions are: addition amount of magnetic chitosan microsphere 25 g/L, contacting time 10 min, temperature 30 ℃, and pH5.0.

The effects of high pressure on the extracting of polyphenols from pear residue by alcohol solution were studied. The optimum concentration of alcohol is 70% (V/V). The extracting rate increased with the increasing of pressure and the extracting rate increased acutely before 500 MPa but increased slowly above 600 MPa(besides 400 MPa). The extracting rate increased with extracting time prolonging, and then decreased and the optimum extracting time was 10 min. The extracting rate increased with increasing of temperature, and then decreased and the optimum extracting temperature 50℃. The extracting rate of polyphenols by alcohol solution from the pear residue can be improved notably by high pressure.

The ultrafiltration technology was used to treatment the hwang kumbae wine. The effects of operating parameters such as pressure, temperature on the permeate flux of the ultrafilter were also studied. The results showed that the hwang kumbae wine ultrafiltered under the conditions that the operation pressure 0.1 MPa, temperature about 30 ℃ higher permeate flux was obtained. After ultrafiltered, the hwang kumbae wine is very clear with golden colours, and aroma components and some nutritional ingredients basically remained in the ultrafiltered wine

Nitrite curing is always adopted in traditional meat product manufacture. Excessive use of curing agent can lead to the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamine which is health hazard. Various color auxiliary agents chosen can affect residual contents of nitrite. In this paper, by orthogonal and interactional analysis effects of color auxiliary agents in food on decreasing nitrite residua were analyzed. Order arrangement of different factors on nitrite residua and concerned interactions among them were obtained.

Corn embryo linoleic acid(CELA) was extracted through supercritical CO2 fluid extraction technology.The major influence factors such as extraction pressure, extraction temperature, extraction time and CO2 flow were studied and analysised. CELA were qualitatively and quantitatively analysised through gas chromatography. The technological conditions were optimized through orthogonal test. Results showed that the optimum corolitions are: the extraction pressure 30 MPa, temperature 50 ℃, time100 min, CO2 flow was 25 L/h. On these conditions the CELA extraction rate was 57.27%.

The preparation technology of water lettuce dietary fibe was studied by combination of enzymolysis and alkaline hydrolysis. Meanwhile, the characteristics of water lettuce dietary fiber were analysed. The results showed that the best preparation conditions are α-amylase concentration of 0.6%, NaOH concentration of 3% at 60 ℃ for 90 min extraction. Under these conditions extraction rate was up to 76%, but chemical extraction rate was only 65%. Combination of enzymolysis and alkaline hydrolysis was superior to chemical extraction on water-holding and expansibility.

The complex of flavourzyme and neutral protease was used to hydrolyze camellia pollen to obtain bioactive peptides. The optimal process of enzymatic hydrolysis was determinated by orthogonal test. The test results indicated that the optimal conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis are pH value 7, temperature 40 ℃, amount added 8%, ratio of flavourzymeto neutral protease 2:1, time of hydrolysis 12 h. Under optimal conditions, the degree of hydrolysis is 40% and the nitrogen solution index is 0.8. The effect of hydrolysis was improved obviously.

With corn embryo being coproduct in corn starch production as material, glutathione (GSH) was extracted through hot water extraction after supercritical CO2 fluid extraction and microwave treatment. The results showed that optimum conditions of supercritical CO2 fluid extraction are pressure 25 MPa, temperature 40 ℃, time 120 min, CO2 flow 20 L/g; On these conditions the extraction rate of fat is 57.03%, and fat concent of embryo dregs is 0.72%. The optimum conditions of hot water extraction are solid:liquid 1:20, temperature 90 ℃, pH3.0, time 20 min. On these conditions GSH yield is 104 mg/100 g corn embryo.

This research discussed the effects of different solvents on the yield of amygdalin from almond pollen. The influences of concentrations of the solvent, solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic treatment time and extract time were also discussed. The method of UV spectrophotometry was used to determinate quantity of amygdlin. Results indicated that the best extraction solvent is ethanol, and the optimum technological conditions are concentration of ethanol 100%, solid-liquid ratio 1:7, ultrasonic treatment time 30 min, and extract time 12 h. On these conditions the content of amygdalin extracted from almond pollen is 6.1%.

IgG was separated and extracted from immune bovine colostrums whey by hollow-fiber membrane ultrafiltration (100 kD, molecular, cut-off). The factors affecting separation such as pressure and temperature were studied. The results showed that optimum operating pressure and temperature were 0.15 MPa and 25 ℃ respectively, and the purity of IgG in concentrated liquid could be further improved by subsection ultrafiltration.

The method of extracting process of protease, the optimum ultrasonic extracting conditions of protease from viscera of tilapia which processing waste by single factor test with the orthogonal test design were studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions of pepsin from stomach of tilapia were: pH1, 25 ℃, 60 min, ultrasonic intensity 70 W. The optimum conditions of protease from intestines of tilapia were: 35 ℃, 85min, pH 7.5, ultrasonic intensity 70 W. Further work should be carried out on the character of the enzymes and the applications.

During the study of supercritical CO2 extraction of garlic, the extraction parameters were optimized by orthogonal test. The results indicated that under the designed optimal amount of influx and pretreatment conditions, a combination of extraction pressure 19 MPa and extraction temperature 35 ℃ proved optimal for the extraction efficiency, and later the garlic oil separation efficiency, provided that static soak time is 50 min and dynamic circulating time is 50 min, and a two-step separation method was employed, and the separating parameters were chosen as following: separator (I), 8 MPa, 35 ℃; separator (II): 6 MPa, 35 ℃.

The content of total flavonoids in white flesh loquat leaves and its extraction technology were studied in research. By means of the methods of ethanol-extracting, the optimum extraction conditions of flavonoids in white flesh loquat leaves were determined. The results showed that the content of total flavonoids in white flesh loquat leaves was 0.5642%, the optimum conditions of ethanol-extracting were obtained as follows: 70% ethanol as extraction solvent at 60 ℃ for 2.5 h, and the ratio of material to solvent was 1:50. This data provided useful pharmaceutic in formation of flavonoids from white flesh loquat leaves.

Objecive: To study the isolation and purification conditions of chlorogenic acid(CA) from Flos Lonicerae. Method: The isolation and purification of CA were achieved by polyamide column chromatography and the main isolation factors were optimized. Results: The optimum isolation is as following: the rate of crude CA to polymide is 1:5, the rate of diameter to long is 1:7, 10% alcohol washed at high speed under usual pressure, CA is collected between the volume of 5 ～ 14 times of column volume(A322/A216 ≥0.9), under the conditions, the product with above 70% CA is obtained, which can be further crystalled by EtoAc and the purity is enhanced to 93%. Conclusion: This method is simple, low cost, and suitable to be used in industry.

The technique of extracting cystine from the tannery waste wool was studied. The effects of pretreatment, acid hydrolysis and decoloring on the yield of the wool cystine were studied. The optimum conditions of extracting cystine were confirmed, as follows: the waste wool pretreatment conditions are pH10, alkali solution temperature 50 ℃ and dry temperature 80 ℃; the waste wool hydrolysis conditions are hydrochloric acid concentration 32%, acid to hairs ratio 1.8:1, hydrolysis temperature 120 ℃, and hydrolysis time 8 h. The determination results indicated that the product accords with the standard.

In this paper,aiming at the extraction of Eucommia ulmoides leaves polysaccharide(EULP), test factors and levels were firstly selected by one factor tests. Next, on the basis of this and according to the Box-Benhnken center-united experimental design principles, the method of response surface analysis with 3 factors and 3 levels was adopted. Then, the factors influencing the technological condition were determined by means of regression analysis. Response surface and contour were finally graphed with the extraction rate of Eucommia ulmoides leaves polysaccharide as the response value. The results showed that the optim um conditions of Eucommia ulmoides leaves polysaccharide extraction are: the extraction temperature of 84 ℃, extraction time of 1.3 h, ratio of material to water of 1:14.3. On these conditions the extraction rate of Eucommia ulmoides leaves is up to l.7756% with one time extraction.

The qualities of different maturity plums, the effects of pectinase process on juice rate, acclimation of the high acid tolerant acetic acid bacterium and clarification of plum fruit vinegar were studied in this paper. The results showed that the optimum maturity degree of raw juice plum vinegar production is 8 maturity; 200 mg/L pectinase treatment could increase the juice rate by 12.0%, and it is favorable for juice extracting. Acetic acid fermentation was carried out under lower acid by using CaCO3 to decrease the acid of plum wine. The acetic acid bacterium was inoculated into higher acid wine gradually. The acetic acid bacterium adapted to the high acid environment gradually and could ferment high acid plum wine finally. The transmittanty of plum vinegar could reach above 92% by adding 1.4 g/L bentonite after 100 mg/L pectinase treatment for 3 hours.

Extraction and scavenging capacity of hydroxyl radical polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb were studied in this paper. The factors affecting the extraction of polysaccharide were investigated. Based on the single factors test, factors such as material to solvent ratio, extracting temperature and extracting time were optimized by orthogonal test. The optimum results are: material to ratio 1:12, temperature 84 ℃ and time 105 min. On these conditions the polysaccharides yield is up to 19.14%. The experimental results demonstrated that polysaccharide can scavenge hydroxyl radical, and IC50 is 0.27 mg/ml.

Gene crtE of Erwinia uredovora, encoding the GGPP synthase, was amplified by PCR, and cloned into pET-15b expression vector. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli to construct engineering bacterium. Overexpression of recombinant GGPP synthase was achieved in engineering bacterium by IPTG induction. The expression level was up to 42% of the total cellular proteins. The recombinant protein was found mainly in inclusion bodies, after being solved in 8 mol/L urea and refolded. The recombinant GGPP synthase in inclusion bodies was purified on a Ni2+ chelating resin column. The purified protein with a N-terminal His-tag shows a molecular weight of 34 kDa and pI of 6.3.

Lipozyme TL IM was used for the synthesis of biodiesel from rapeseed oil.The effects of pretreatment of the lipase,rinsing the lipase with solvents, reaction temperature, way of addition of methanol on the stability of the lipase were investigated. The experiment showed that the lipase was more stable when Lipozyme TL IM was preincubated in oleic acid methyl ester for 0.5 h, and subsequently in rapeseed oil for 12 h. 40 ℃ was found to be the optimal reaction temperature of batch runs.The stability of the immobilized lipase was enhanced by rinsing the lipase with acetone to remove glycerol adsorbed on the support. A three-step methanolysis protocol was used to protect the immobilized lipase from inactivation by methanol. The pretreated Lipozyme TL IM was used to catalyse the methanolysis at 40 ℃ reacting 24 h as one batch. One molar equivalent of methanol was added at various reacton time in 0, 8 or 16 h respectively at each batch. Acetone was used to remove glycerol at 8, 16 or 24 h respectively at one time and the immobilized lipase was reused for the next step or batch. The residual activity of lipase is still about 85% after being continuously reacted for 10 batches.

Four strains of Pleurotus ostreatus were analysised by RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) to investigate the polymorphism of their DNA sequences. The results showed that 3 of 15 arbitray primers could produce 66 obvious and stable DNA bands. The dendrogram was constructed by the similarity coefficient calculation and phylogenetic analysis. This is a rapid and efficient technique to identify the strains of P.floridanus, and analysis their genetic distance on molecular level.

Lactoferricin is a kind of natural antibacterial peptide. In this study, the gene of Lactoferricin was synthesized with PCR, and was linked with the plasmid of pGEX-6p-1, then transformed into E.coli JM-109. The identifications of PCR, enzymical degestion and sequencing were carried out, and the expressing vector of pG-Lfn was successfully constructed.

In this study, RNA interference was used to down-regulate the gene of starch branch enzyme 3 (sbe3) in rice endosperm in order to increase the content of amylose. The sbe3 gene fragment was isolated from rice by RT-PCR and constructed into the two multi-cloning site regions of pRNAi-ubi in the sense and antisense orientations respectively. This construct was introduced into the rice variety of zhonghua 11 by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. PCR and southern blot analysis showed that the sbe3 gene is integrated into rice genome. The semi-quantity RT-PCR confirmed that the expression of sbe3 gene is significantly inhibited in the endosperm of T1 transgenic seeds, while the amylose content in the endosperm of T1 transgenic seeds is slightly increased in comparison with the non-transgenic seeds of Zhonghua 11. The results indicated that the suppression of sbe3 gene expression alone by RNA interference shows no dominant effects on the seed amylose content of transgenic rice.

Interactive effects of growth medium, cryoprotector and starvation treatment on bacterial survival during the storage of freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria have been studied. Three factors, including addition of NaCl to the growth medium, addition of sucrose to the drying medium and starvation of S-1 in the stationary phase, could help survive during storage in the dried state. However, in the case of NaCl in the growth medium, not only sucrose in the drying medium seemed to be largely ineffective in further increasing the survival rate of dried cells throughout storage, but also starvation was rather inadequate in protecting dried cells survival during storage.

The pyrophosphatase was isolated and partially purified from chicken breast, by means of homogenation, 0.6 mol/L NaCl extractions, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose column. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of sodium pyrophosphate but not that of other phosphate esters. Mg2+ not only is its activator, but also stabilizer, Ca2+ and EDTA-Na2 have inhibiting effects. With PPi as the substrate of pyrophosphatase. Its optimum pH and temperature are 7.4 and 40 ℃ respectively.

In this paper, α-glucosidase was purified to electrophoresis degree after being extracted from honey bee abdomen with ammonium sulfate precipitation, with High Q chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and Superdex G- 75 chromatography. Its relative molecular weight is determined to be around 55 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimal temperature and pH range are 35～45 ℃ and 5.0～6.0, respectively, but the temperature stability is poor. The pH stability range is 5.0～ 10.0. Zn2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ can activate the enzyme, however, Cu2+ and Co2+ can cause inhibition, and glucose is also a strong inhibitor. The Vmax value is 0.085 μmol/min·mg and the Km value is 0.183 mmol/L for p-Nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside(PNPG).

It is significant to make full use of corn gluten meal(CGM)with enzymolysis in that it contributes to produce biological active products with full nutrition, easy absorption and high added value. In this research, through different orthogonal design, the optimal conditions of CGM by Alcalase AF 2.4L and Flavourzyme were determined.

The Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus (1:1) were used as starer(3%) for fermentation of blending of milk and sweet potato syrup at 37℃, 39℃ and 42℃. The pH changes were studied periodically. Results showed that the total acidity increased steadily.

The two-component food-grade selectable marker for Lactococcus. lactis NICE system (the nisin-controlled expression system) has the advantages of dominant and complementation markers. One component is a replicon-deficificient companion plasmid, which carries an erythromycin resistance gene (Emr) as a selectable marker and it’s replication is depended on the other food-grade cloning vector which carries the functional replicon, is entirely made up of L.lactis DNA and has no selection marker. The pMG36e and pRAF800 are the sources of Emr and rep for the pEmr:rep. The rep B-deficient companion plasmid can be constructed by enzyme digestion, deficiency and ligation and coexisting with the theta replicon only.

The hermetic experiment indicated that the anti-anoxia effect of Schizophyllum commune fermentation broth (SCFB) was significant (p<0.01). The analysis of the chemical components in the broth revealed that the total saccharides of SCFB is 13.3% (glucose 10.08%, maltose 3.34% and trace fructose and lactose), the total acidity is 1.38% (lactic acid 0.96%, tartaric acid 0.42%, trace amounts of citric acid and malic acid), and protein is 2.98%. The content of the 14 kinds of free amino acid in SCFB is 320.7 mg/100 ml and the total content of the 16 kinds of amino acid is 641.0 mg/100 ml including 7 kinds of essential amino acids. Phenolic matter and fat are also identified in SCFB, but there is no saponin, flavornoid or alkaloid present. The extraction and deposition by ethanol of SCFB are also capable of significantly resisting anoxia (p<0.01). Compared with SCFB, the ethanol extract show more stronger anti-anoxia effect. (p<0.05). It is concluded that the efficient components of SCFB with anti- anoxia function might be a kind of polar substance capable of dissolving better in ethanol.

For the purpose of providing information and screening microorganism for agriculture production and microecologics production, 22 strains Bacillus isolated from soil, feedstuff and organic fertilizer were identifited according to the handbook of Berges bacteriology identification and their physiologic and biochemical test. The result demonstrate that, T-2, T-6, T-8, S-6, S- 4, T-1 were Bacillus choshinensis, Bacillus paenibacillus chondroitinus, Bacillus paenibacillus amyloyticus, Bacillus paenibacillus kobensis, Bacillus paenibacillus pabuli, Bacillus paenibacillus polymyxa, respectively. The rest 16 strains Bacillus are on the study. On the basis, antibiotic susceptibility of the six Bacillus strains were detected to 35 antibiotics of 12 groups by the agar diffusion test. The results demonstrated that, all strains examined were sentive to quinoline group, aminoglycoside group, macrolide group and peptide group, and resistant to sulphonamide group, while showing different antibiotic susceptibility to the other antibiotics.

The genome DNAs of Salmonella and some control bacteria were extracted by boiling and CTAB/NaCl method, respectively. The concentration and purity of the DNAs isolated were estimated by spectrophotometric method and gel electrophoresis, and the results showed that the DNAs isolated by CTAB/NaCl method were better. Four pairs of primes were synthesized to amplify Salmonella genus special genes such as hut gene(495 bp), hilA gene(490 bp), invA gene(284 bp) and hns gene(152 bp) of Salmonella, respectively. The PCR reaction condition was optimized. The optimizing results showed that the PCR reaction condition fitting to amplify simultaneity the four genes of Salmonella was 94 ℃ initial denaturation 5 min; 94 ℃ denaturation 40 s, 60 ℃ annealing 40 s, 72 ℃ extension 50 s, 40 cycles; 72 ℃ final extension 5 min.

To select optimum natural preservatives, we studied the antifungal effect of liquid from medical plants extracted by alcohol, and did antifungal experiment using some of them, which had stronger inhabited effect to combine. Then experiment got better optimum ratio which was obtained by the orthogonal design. The results showed that the stronger antimicrobial activities medical plants were Prunusmume S., Cinnamomum cassia Presl, Illicium verum and Syzygium aromaticum. The optimum ratio 8:5:2:8 and MIC 2.5～5.0mg/ml.

Objective: To screen AFM1 mimic epitope by using phage display peptide library technology. Methods and Results: After three rounds of biopanning, 4 positive phage clones designated as A1, A2, A3 and A4 were pick out and found that all of them could block the binding of AFM1 to antigen when the pfu of phage was 2.5 ×1010. The inhibition rates were 41.8%, 40.6%, 36.7% and 37.6% respectively. Results of DNA analysis showed that A1 and A2 belong to the same clone and their identical amino acid sequence is LTSFPRH; A3 and A4 belong to the same clone and their iolentical amino acid sequence is MAPSSWR. Conclusions: 2 AFM1 mimic epitopes were obtained from phage display peptide library.

The best protease was chosen according to the antioxidation effect of hydrolysates, which were prepared by hydrolyzing for alfalfa leaf protein with AS1.398, Neutrase, Alcalase, Proleather FG-F and Protease S respectively, against DPPH radical. The results showed that the hydrolysates prepared by Alcalase FG 2.4L has the strongest antioxidation against DPPH radical.

A method based on headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) has been developed to analyze the volatile compounds in fruit. The application of SPME for flavor analysis in “Okuba” peach has been studied. One-way ANOVE (analysis of variance)design for extraction effects of different NaCl contents, temperature and time use 100 μm PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) fiber has been obtained. The optimum extraction conditions of SPME- GC are 40 ℃ extracting temperature, 40 min extracting time, and 0.3 g/ml added sodium chloride. The effects on aroma extraction gradually decreased in the order of: NaCl > temperature > time based on orthogonal design data. The main flavor standard samples of peach show excellent linear relationship and all of R2 values are higher than 0.98 under above conditions. The standard samples recovery rate is between 70.4%～99.6%, the linear range are between 0.5～56 ng/ml, and the minimum detectable quantities are less than 0.25 g/ml. The results showed that this method has high sensitivity, accuracy and precision as well as good liner relationship. Application of headspace solid-phase microextraction-GC-MS for flavor analysis of “Okuba” peach fruits showed that the flavors include aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, ester, lactone, hydrocarbon and so on. The main volatile flavor compounds of peach fruits’ are hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, linalool, β -ionone, γ-decalactone andδ-decalactone in 46 criticaled compounds.

This research has optimized the method of extracting the DNA of different parts of papaya and its highly-processed products, therefore successfully extracted the DNA for PCR(polymerase chain reation). Papain gene,a papaya species-specific protein gene is adopted as an internal control to access the quality of the DNA extracted so as to avoid the pseudo-negative case of PCR reaction and to confirm the existence of papaya in the samples as well. In this research, the genes applied are PRSV (papaya-ring-spot-virus) CP(coat protein) gene and RP(replicase) gene. This method is applicable and reliable for the determination and supervision of GM papaya and its processed products for Bureau of Entry-Exit Inspection and Bureau of Agriculture.

The conductivity, pH and content of five mineral elements, namely K, Zn, Cu, Ca and Mn, were determined in apple samples, involving two kinds, homebred Fuji and imported Gala. The quality of these two kinds of apple was respectively compared. Two, three or five variables were chosen to make Fisher discriminance from the seven variables with the rate of correct discrimination as 87.5%, 100%, 100% in the 40 samples, respectively.

Objective: A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to determine sucralose. Method: The column of DIKMA C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d. 5 μm) and a mobile phase of methanol-water (65:35, V/V) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and column temperature 40 ℃ with refractive index detector were adopeted. Results: The method is proved to be linear in the range of sucralose from 1.5～2000 mg/L. The recovery is 99.65%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) is 0.15%. Conclusion: The method is simple, fast and stable. It is suitable for quantitative analysis for sucralose production process.

A method for simultaneously determining sorbic acid, benzoic acid and saccharin sodium in processed fishery product was established. A satisfying pretreatment method was developed by using ferrocyanic cyano-potassium and acetic acid zinc as precipitating agents. The overall detection limits of the three compounds are 0.5 mg/kg, and the average recovery is in the range of 92.7%～106.5%.

In this paper, a method for determining the total residue of malachite green in aquatic products was developed by high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. Malachite green in sample was reduced to leucomalachite green. Being extracted by acetonitrile-buffer mixture, cleaned-up and condensed, leucomalachite green was determined on a Symmetry shieldTMRP18 column with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase, and monitored with fluorescence detector (λem=265 nm andλem=360 nm). The linear range for leucomalachite green is 1～160 ng/ml. The detection limit of the method according to the total weight of malachite green is 1.0 μg/kg. The recovery is in the range of 82.6%～92.6%.

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) was applied to analyze the triterpenoids in extracts of Ganoderma lucidum. The extraction conditions are: Hypersil C4 (4.6 mm × 150 mm) column with gradient elution with acetonitrile and water (2.0% acetic acid) as mobile phase, flow-rate 0.8 ml/min, and room temperature about 25 ℃. The detection wavelength is 253 nm and the UV spectra of peaks are obtainedwith a photodiode array detector (DAD). On-line APCI-MS in positive and negative mode was used to get the mass spectrum of the analyte. Thirty-two components of Ganoderma lucidum are primarily identified by comparison of the UV spectra and mass spectrum according to published literatures.

Based on relative indissolubility of phospholipid in acetone,phospholipids in egg yolk were extracted in this research. The content of phosphorus was determined with spectrophometry at 630nm. Group X in phospholipid was detected by paper chromatography. At least four fractions of the phospholipids were separated by thin layer chromagraphy and the phenomena was explained.

Objective: To establish a HPLC method for the determination of schizandra, deoxyschizadra and γ-schizandra in Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill, so as to investigate their contents in different parts. Methods: The determination was performed on a Symmetry C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetonitrile-water (1:1:1) with the flow rate of 1 ml/min. The wavelength was set at 250 nm. Results: A good linearity was obtained with the correlationcoefficients ranged from 0.04～0.2 mg/ml (r=0.9999). The average recoveries were 103.03%, 99.83%, and 101.55% with corresponding RSDs of 0.99%, 2.15% and 1.39%, respectively(n=10). Conclusion: The HPLC method shows a good separation, reproducibility and accuracy. It can be used for determining schizandra, deoxyschizadra and γ-schizandra in herbs. The contents of schizandra, deoxyschizadra and γ-schizandra are different in different parts of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.

The color reaction of lead and non-water soluble reagent meso-tetrakis (4-nitryl) porphyrin (TNPP) was studied for propolis assay with spectrophotometric method. The effects of temperature, pH and time etc. on stability of this complex were assayed. An excellent method that can be used to determine the lead in food or medicine has been ascertained. The experimental results indicated that in the presence of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, with ortho-dinitrogenous ptenanthrene,NH4SCN and seignette saltat as masking agents, meso-tetrakis-(4-nitryl) porphyrin and lead can produce light yellow complex. This response can be produced completly by being heated in 50 ℃ water baths for 20 minutes. A stable l:1 (M:L) complex forms. The Soret band of the complex is at 673 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range between 0～10 μg of lead per ml with r=0.9865. In order to achieve the lead ions enrichment, this experiment can be carried into effect through traditional ashing digest method. It is easy to operate and the repeatability is good, so it can be use for the determination of plumbous trace amount in the medicines. The result is satisfactory. This method has also been used to determine the trace of lead in food with satisfactory results.

Nutritional components of the whole viscera from Pteria penguin were analyzed and evaluated. General nutrients, amino acid compositions, fatty acid compositions and mineral contents were investigated. The results showed that the crude protein level in dry basis is 81.1% and the total content of the amino acids from protein is 13.0%. All kinds of essential amino acids are found in Pteria penguin. The first restricted amino acid is valine and the score of amino acid is 85.3. In addition, it is very rich in tasty amino acids such as glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine. The content of taurine is 722 mg/100 g, which accounts for 47.2% of the total free amino acids. The crude fat level is low and mostly made up of polyunsaturated fatty acids, in which, the contents of EPA and DHA are 12.61% and 30.28%, respectively. Mineral contents are high, especially Zn (435 mg/kg) and Se (0.68 mg/kg). All results suggested that Pteria penguin is a kind of high-quality seafood with particular flavors and high nutritional values.

Inhibitory function of luminol-Co(II)-H2O2 chemiluminescence by Cd(II) was studied in this research using static- state-injection chemiluminescence, and it was applied to determine Cd(II) in water. The results indicated that Co(II) enhanced the chemiluminescence intensity of luminol-H2O2 , while Cd(II) restrained the chemiluminescence intensity of luminol-Co(II)- H2O2. Further research indicated that the restraint of luminol-Co(Ⅱ)-H2O2 chemiluminescence by Cd(II) had a relationship with the concentration of Cd(II) in water. The linear range is 1.0 × 10-7～5.0 × 10-6 g/ml. The limit of detection is 3.2 × 10-8 g/ml. The method was applied to the determination of Cd(II) in water and satisfactory result was obtained. Meanwhile, the possible reaction mechanism was put forward based on the further study.

The import fruit market in Shanghai was surveyed and the market diseases of the imported fresh grapes (red-globe) were isolated and examined preliminarily. Alternaria spp, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium spp, and Stemphulium sp, were identified as the pathogenic fungi of the imported red-globe. Alternaria spp, was the most frequently detected fungus, and the frequency of isolation in the health fruits was as high as 65.8%. In addition, serious SO2 injury was found in the imported red-globe grapes, and the injury rate of the most serious batch was 92%.

The aroma components from Tarocco blood orange juice were extracted by solid phase microextraction. The aromatic compounds were analyzed by GC-MS and identified by mass spectra and retention indices. There were 39 compounds identifiedand the percent of the total peak areas was 87.23%. The major constituents are: hydrocarbons 55.13%, esters 13.67%, alcohols 13.17%, aldehydes 4.59% and ketones 0.67%. Limonene is of the highest content 50.40%, followed by ethyl butanoate 7.67%, ethanol 5.38%, ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate 3.92%, hexanal 3.73%, linalool 3.32%, β-myrcene 1.87%,α-Terpineol 1.50%, valencene 1.50%, and ethyl hexanoate 1.50%.

Tea flower [Camellia sinensis (L.) O.kuntze] is trimmed by growers in order to increase the production and improve the quality of the tea leaves. However the flower is rarely utilized for further applications. Tea flower samples from five species of five locations were selected and analyzed for the identification and utilization of the bioactive components. The contents of polypheols, total sugars, and polysaccharides were respectively determined by spectrophotometric methods. The polysaccharide components were isolated with gas chromatography(GC-14B, SHIMADZU, Japan), and the polyphenol components were identified with high pertormance liquid chromatography (HPLC-Spectra System, THERMO, America) with C18 column (0.46 mm×150 mm). The results showed that camellia samples contain high levels of total saccharides, polyphenols and soluble sugars, at 20.97%～33.60%, 6.35%～ 8.19%, and 1.04%～1.84%, respectively. The polyphenols are comprised of epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, gallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate. The polysaccharides are composed of glucose, arabinose, galactose, galacturonic acid, mannose, xylose, fucose and rhamnose. These samples have a similarity in major bioactive compounds to the tea leaves, even though their average content of polysaccharides is significantly higher than that of the tealeaves. The distribution of these components in camellia was also examined. The bioactive materials are higher in pistil than in petal. Overall, the tea flower samples have higher levels of bioactive components than tea leaves and are worthy further exploitation for nutraceuticals.

A new method for the determination of nickel, copper, tin, lead, cadmium and mercury elements in Hearty Chinese Soup herb (Ficus simplicissima, Abrus cantoniensis, Polygonatumodoratum druce and Smilax glabra) by solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography was studied. The nickel, copper, tin, lead, cadmium and mercury ions were pre- column derived by tetra-(amidogenphenyl)-porphine (T4-APP). The results show that copper element has the highest content with 12.96～37.28μg/g and mercury has the lowest content with 0.07～0.73μg/g in those herb; and the decocted herb has a few of residues metal elements, cadmium had the highest rudimental proportion with 63.97%～76.32% and copper has the lowest with 26.56%～36.67%. Smilax glabra has the lowest content of tin, lead and mercury, separately 0.69, 0.37, and 0.07 μg/g.

Objective: Detect the content of arsenic in soil and wheat with study on bio-absorptance of arsenic. Methods: Determination of arsenic in samples by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Results: In the given conditions, the determination range of standard curve of arsenic is 0～80μg/L with r>0.999, while detection limit is 0.07μg/L. The RSD of detect standard solution is 1.4%(n=11). The recovery between 91.57% and 107.1%. Conclusion: The bio-absorptance of arsenic in wheat is increscent with content of total arsenic in soil, but not more than 1%. The method is simple, accuracy and rapid. It has been applied to the determination of arsenic in soil and wheat with satisfactory results.

Sample preparation methods for deep color vegetables in multi-residue analysis of pesticides were studied by comparing discoloration effects of different clarifying method for crude extract and analyzing the recoveries of 72 kinds of pesticides in standard solution and vegetable samples. Results showed that combined use of mini-column filled with 300 g graphite and PSA mini-column for light color vegetables can get satisfactory results. With this treatment, the recovery for 94% among 72 kinds of pesticides ranged within 60%～120%. For deep color vegetable, however, it is necessary to add a little of graphite into samples prior to homogenization besides the above treatment, which can lead to complete eliminate the interference of pigment in the sample and lower absorbing losses. The recovery of more than 90% among 72 different kinds of pesticides existed in vegetable samples ranged within 60%～120%.

With honey solved in water directly, on optimum conditions, the contents of zinc in fresh honey and mellow honey were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Compared with digesting sample with moisture, this method is easier, faster and accurater. It has a good recovery of 101.5% and 102.2% respectively, RSD of 2.43% and 3.26% respectively. The detection limit is 0.8 μg/ml.

Concentrations of contaminants(Cd , Pb)in milk obtained from supermarkets in Wuhan were studied based on a total of 19 random samples. Health risks associated with concentrations of contaminants in drinking water were assessed by using USEPA health risk assessment mode1. The results showed that the chemical carcinogen Cd is the principal pollutant. Individual annual risk (IAR) of Cd is 1.80×10-6 a-1, as health risk 99.94% in the total risks and far more important than that of the other chemical carcinogen Pb. However, the annual risk factor caused by Cd and Pb for milk is far lower than the recommended maximum risk factor of 5 × 10-5a-1 according to the international coalition of radioactive protection (ICRP), so not risky to health.

Objetive: Studied and established the method for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in food.Method: By making comparison of the effects of different enrichment broth and isolation media, and confirming the tests of physiology and biochemistry to establish the method. Then we validated the feasibility by detecting the artificially contaminated food.Result: Comfired SCDLP as the enrichment broth, C-F-C and C-N as the isolation media, some tests like O/F glucose, oxidase for physiology and biochemistry identification, MPN as the method of quantitative detection.Conclusion: This method is suitable for thequalititave and quantitative detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in food.

A new method has been developed for the determination of toxic elements in puer teas by ICP-MS. Under optimum conditions, the detection limits are in the range of 0.007176～0.08740μg/kg, the recoveries are 94.47%～104.9%. This method is simple, rapid and reliable.

 To contrast four extract methods of anthraquinones component of Cassia tora L, anthraquinones were determined by using UV spectrophotometry method. Results showed that anthraqiunones component have a good linearily in the concentration range of 0.865～25.937 mg/L (r=0.9998). The average recovery is 101.7% with RSD of 0.35%, and an easily, accurate anthraquinones component content determination method has been established.

Extraction of the total flavonids in different parts of Cancrinia discoidea (Ledeb.) Poljak by refluxing with 70% ethanol was studied.The total flavonids were determined by spectrophotometry,rutin as control sample.The results showed that the content of total flavonids in leaf was the highest, in flower was less than in leaf,and in stem was the least.We also executed qualitative analysis and comparison on the total flavonids in different parts of Cancrinia discoidea (Ledeb.) Poljak by thin layer chromatography. N-butyl alcohol-acetic acid-distilled water(4:1:5)was used as the developing solvent. The results showed that there were not only the same flavonids constituents but also different constituents in different parts of Cancrinia discoidea (Ledeb.) Poljak.

Purpose: Using a set up research area method, to study the concentration of cadmium (Cd) in cattle tissues samples under different pollution level area in Guizhou province, and the correlativity with the rear environment. Results: ① The polluted state of Cd element pollution in cattle tissue was very serious. The Cd mean concentration in kidney and liver around the difference level area, all were over the limit quantity of meat product sanitation standard. ② Guizhou earth surface medium had high cadmium concentration distribution character. The Cd mean concentration in soil samples were over the highest the limit quantity of the Soil Environment Quality Standard Class Ⅲ, around research areas. In middling polluted area and polluted area, there were the pollution of cadmium element in cattle feed. Especially the polluted area, the Cd concentration in cattle feed was 13.16 times of the limit quantity value of the standard. ③ The concentrations of cadmium element in cattle tissues were closely correlated to those in soil, feed and water to drink, especially kidney tissues, the correlation coefficients r > 0.92. Conclusion: The high cadmium concentration distribution character in Guizhou, and the Cd polluted of rear environment and cattle feed, are the important causes of high content of Cd in cattle tissues. It is ought begin our work with every link of the safety produce of beef products, to strengthen the study about rear environment quality management and pollution control technique, to control the transfer and accumulation of Cd from the rear environment to domestic body.

Detection of efficient component in bitter melon beer was established by HPLC. The bitter melon saponin was extracted by transonogram-assisted using 70% ethyl alcohol, then was purified by macroporous resin, and the straight of bitter melon saponin was obtained. Bitter melon saponin in bitter melon beer was compared with standard substance made by our laboratory. An RP-HPLC method was set up, using ODS-3 column, acetonitrile: water (55:45, V/V) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min at the detection wavelength of 205 nm, the qualitative and the quantitative analyses were carried out based on the retention time and peak area respectively. The results showed that the total content of bitter melon saponin in bitter melon beer is 22.16 μ g/ml, RSD (relative standard deviation) is less than 4%, recovery is between 97.53%～100.32%. This method is excellent reproducibility and the is operation simple. It is a perfect detection method.

Followed the process of alcoholic extraction, purified with ethyl acetate and precipitation in acetone, a crystal was isolated from Henasleya sinesis Cogn. After detected by HPLC and MS and analyzed fragmentate pathway of its quasi-molecular ion under induced ESI collision, Cucurbitacin IIa (Dihydrocucurbitacin F-25-O-acetate) was identified as the main constituent (its content was 95.1%) of the crystal.

This article is discussing a simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method(HPLC) for the analysis of monosacchoride composition in polysaccharides. Five monosaccharides are separated by non-derivatization HPLC with RI monitor. By means of HPLC analysis rhamnose, glucose, fructose, xylose, galactose five kinds of monosaccharides, the best separation condition of the monosaccharide is obtained. The monosaccharide composition of Tremella polysaccharide is determined by a data analysis method which is developed to ensure accuracy and reproducibility.

 A analytical system of continuous and automatic spectrometer was formed in conjunction of flow injection setup with spectrometric micro-sensor. A new rapid spectrometric method was developed for determination of formaldehyde in food with presented instrument, which was based on the reactive system of formaldehyde-phloroglucinol. The reaction condition and analytical parameters of flow injection were optimized. The linear range of determination of formaldehyde was 1.00～20.0 μg/ml and the detection limit was 0.10 μg/ml. This method was applied to determination of formaldehyde in food samples. The relative standard deviations of results were less than 8.6% and the spiked recovery was between 90.6% and 107%. The sampling frequency was 90 per hour.

Objective: This study aims to develop a reliable quantitative detection method of lycopene from tomato and processed products by C18-HPLC-PDA. Chromatographic conditions: stationary phase DIAMONSILTM column (Dikma Technologies, 250 ×4.6 mm, 5μm); mobile phase A acetonitrile-water (9:1); mobile phase B ethyl acetate; linear gradient: an increased mobile phase B from 0 to 100% (V/V) in 15 minutes followed by 100% B for 5 minutes; flow rate 1.0 ml/min; PDA wavelength range 260～ 600 nm; monitoring wavelength on chromatogram 471 nm; injection volume 20μl; column temperature: room temperature. Results: Minimum detection limit of this method is 0.10μg/ml. In the range of 0.10～25.60μg/ml, linear correlation coefficient between the concentration and peak area of lycopene fraction 0.9994 RSD 2.6%, recovery 99.3%. Conclusion: This method is reliable to detect lycopene amount from tomato and processed products quantitatively.

Rapid determination of 6 kinds of alcohol and 2 kinds of ester in distilled spirit by GC was studied. The linear range was in 0.06～3.3 g/L, and its correlation coefficient was R=0.999. The recovery rate was 90%～99%. The detection limit was 0.2～1.5 μ g/ml. This method is simple and fast in production monitoring process.

Objective: Effects on anti-oxidization ability of model mice fed with transgenic metallothionein(MT) mushroom were studied in this paper. The results showed that the dried transgenic MT mushroom can significantly enhance the activity of SOD and reduce MDA content of radiated mice’s serum, and promote the activity of SOD and the ability of anti-active oxygen of lead poisoned mice when there is 1% or 3.16% MT mushroom mixed feed(the fomer corresponding to does of 1 kg/d to human whose weight is 50～60 kg). But there is no apparent effect on activity of SOD and MDA content in senile mice’s serum. Conclusion: Transgenic MT mushroom can evidently improve anti-oxidization ability of radiated mice and lead poisoned ones. But there is no advantageous effect on senile caused mice after intradermal injecting of D-galactose.

 Water soluble protein of tartary buckwheat (TBWSP) was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation with DEAE- Sepharose FF chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The antitumor effects of the fractions against human mammary cancer cell Bcap37 were studied with MTT assay. The fraction of TBWSP31 showed that higher antitumor activity, and time- and concentration- dependent antitumor effects were observed. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular weight of TBWSP31 is 57000. CD analysis showed that TBWSP31 has α-helix(33.9%), β-sheet(22.8%), β-turn(11.3%), and random coil (32.0%).

Using the induced diabetic mice, the effects of the silkworm eggs power on the blood glucose, SOD and SOD mRNA expression in diabetic mice were studied. The results showed that the blood glucose decreased dramatically in diabetic mice after fed on diet containing 5% silkworm eggs power for 45 days, but no effect in normal mice. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver of diabetic mice was lower compared to the normal mice. When fed on 5% silkworm eggs power, the activity of superoxide dismutase increased again, almost reach to the normal level. The results both RT-PCR and Northern Blotting demonstrated that the mRNA of superoxide dismutase gene in diabetic mice develop to the normal level after fed on diet containing 5% silkworm eggs power for 45 days. The results construct the basis for further experiments of the function and amplification of silkworm eggs power.

Objective: The paper studied the toxicological safety of the pigments of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Method: The toxicological safety properties were examined by tests of acute toxicity, Ames test, bone marrow cell micronucleus, sperm shape abnormality test, thirty days feeding test. Results: According to the result of acute toxicity LD50 test in mice, the LD50 of pigment of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. was more than 24 g/kg bw, which fell into the scale of non-toxicity. The negative results were observed in the genetic toxiticy test of Ames experiment,bone marrow cell micronucleus, sperm shape abnormality test. Abnormal phenomena had not been found in 30 days feeding test under the experimental dosage range of 2.4, 1.2, 0.24 g/kg bw. Conclusion: The pigment of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. has good edible-safety properties, can be used widely as natural food plant- pigment.

The Platycladi seed holds significant therapeutic effects on improving sleep quality. This study got three active components of Platycladi seed through the extraction, separation and edulcoration. They are oil, volatile constituents, and glycoside. Base on GB method for the assessment of sleep improvement function, three group doses were adopted: high, middle and low, to process the experiment of sleep improvement function. The results showed that the sleeping of mice can be improved by all the three components extracted from Platycladi seed (p< 0.05).

Objective: To investigate the effects of nutrition combined with kinesis on the level of insulin resistance, CHO and TG in rat body. Method: To observe the effects on the serum resistin and blood grease by using the Tianshengwuweiyin combined with the middle intensity kinesis to interfere in the rats fed with high grease. Results: The resistin levels of rats fed with Tianshengwuweiyin of middle dosage, high dosage and middle dosage combined with kinesis decreased more obviously than control(p<0.05); and the CHOs of rats fed with Tianshengwuweiyin of middle dosage decreased more significantly than control (p< 0.01); the TGs of rats with kinesis decreased by a wider margin than control. Conclusion: The combination of nutrition and motion have fine adjustment effects on resistin, CHO and TG.

To study the alfalfa sprouts that enriched iron and zinc infect mice and the poisoness of alfalfa sprouts enriched iron and zinc. Through feeding mice using alfalfa sprouts, ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate. Determining growth, death rate, absorption, iron and zinc enrichment discipilinarian in mice. The result showed that the alfalfa sprouts group had stronger ablity to accelerate mice growth than abiosalt. Along with dose increasing the mice growth decreasing. The abiosalt group had strong poisoness to mice than alfalfa sprouts. Along with dose increasing, the iron and zinc in mice increasing, but the absorption decreasing. Feeding with alfalfa sprouts, the contents of iron and zinc in mice were higher than feeding with abiosalt.

To study the effects of wheat germ protein hydrolysates(WGPHs) in different doses on the serum antioxidant activities in mice.Eighty Kunming mice were divided into two big groups of normal fat feed and high fat feed, one big group were divided into 4 groups: control group, low dose of WGPHs group, medium dose of WGPHs group and high dose of WGPHs group. The mice supplemented with physiological saline and WGPHs at 100, 500, 1000 mg/kg·d respectively by gavage one time a day. The mice were euthanatized after 30 days. The activities of SOD,GSH-Px and the level of MDA were determined. The results showed that the content of MDA in the serum reduced (p< 0.01), the activities of SOD and GSH-Px increased (p <0.01) significantly in the serum; The activities of SOD, GSH-Px increased while the contents of MDA decreased in the experimental group dose-dependently. WGPHs can promoted the abilities of antioxidation of mice.

Objective: To investigate whether food pollutant benzo(a)pyrene causes the damage of A549 cells. Methods: A549 cells were exposed to different concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (1, 5, 10, 50, 100 μmol/L BaP) for 24h. We measured the ability of viable cells by MTT assay, and detected DNA damage with alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis. Results: We found A549 cells, which exposed to 1, 5, 10, 50, 100μmol/L BaP, had a significant decreased growth rate compared with the group not exposed to BaP (p< 0.05). And we found the dose-dependent increases in DNA damage in A549 cells exposed to BaP. The OTM values in A549 cells exposed to 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 μmol/L BaP all increased significantly compared with the group not exposed to BaP, respectively (p< 0.05). Conclusion: It is suggested food pollutant benzo [a] pyrene could cause the damage of A549 cells.

In this study, rape (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis, cv. Huaguan) was treated with 100 μmol/L sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a nitric oxide donor) solution treated, by vacuum infiltration for 2 min, and stored at 25 ℃ with RH 70% for 4 d. On 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 d, the postharvest quality indicators including yellowing rate and decay rate were determined; and the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism related enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR). The results showed that the yellowing rate and decay rate of SNP treated group are significantly lowered better than that of control. SNP treatment makes the SOD and APX activities of rape increase during the whole storage time, but the GR activity decreases from 1 d to 3 d. Moreover, SNP treatment makes the CAT activity increase on the first day, but decrease after the second day. It showed that 100 μmol/L NO donor, SNP, significantly improves postharvest rape quality, and this effect is mightily promoting CAT activity in the beginning of the storage and promoting SOD and APX activities during storage time.

The effects of storage temperature (room temperature, 10+1℃and 0+1℃) and packaging mode on physiological changes of Chrysanthemum nankingense were investigated. The results showed that the respiratory rate, O2· and MDA (malondia-ldehyde) contents, rate of relative electric conduction, and activities of PPO(polyphenol oxidase) and POD(peroxidase) of Chrysanthemum nankingense are all lowered at 0℃. The results also showed that loose-sealing packaging is better than open packaging for the control of physiological changes of Chrysanthemum nankingense at temperature of 10℃ and 0℃, but it is contrary at room temperature.

The real and imaginary part of DCCP (dielectric constant of compound phase) model were analyzed in this article. Based on the research of thaw time and RF (radio frequency) and penetration depth of frozen Spanish mackerel, the experiments results validated RF thaw method if superior to microwave thaw and other usually used methods.

Pre-cooling is the key factor in the modern circulation system of pre-cooling fruits and vegetables. It is also the first operation in the cold chain, and is essential for perishable produce in nature. Rapid cooling has been clearly shown to prolong the storage life of freshly harvested produce. Forced-air cooling is the most versatile and widely used among all cooling methods. A forced-air pre-cooling experimental unit was thus established. The Litchi temperature characteristic curves of forced-air pre-cooling process in different experimental conditions were obtained. The pre-cooling time of Litchi was discussed under the influence of different cool-air temperature, flow rate and litchi position in fruit box. The test results showed the reasonable air velocity obtained for Litchi pre-cooling, so as to provide foundation and theoretical basis for design of forced-air pre-cooling system-less than 1 m/s.

The quality changes of crucian carp stored in two different conditions: vacuum packing and non-vacuum packing, both at temperature of 3±1 ℃, were evaluated by sensory assessment, chemical(total volatile basic nitrogen and pH) and microbial (total viable counts) analysis. Storage in vacuum packing was more effective than non-vacuum packing, in delaying spoilage of the crucian carp. It was observed that the appearance score decreased with storage time, indicating the progressive loss of freshness in both vacuum packing and non-vacuum packing storage conditions. There was an increase in total viable counts over the period of storage. Bacteria grew more quickly in non-vacuum packing samples than in vacuum packing ones.

Color-preservation effects of 4-HR(4-Hexylresorcinol) on apple, potato, and banana slice and the lotusroot juice were studied. The results showed that 4-HR combined preventing browning reagent has good controling browning effects on the above four kinds of materials. The best combination to apple-slice is A2B2C1, namely 0.02% 4-HR, 0.03% antiscorbutic acid and 0.5% citric acid; the best combination to banana-slice is A2B2C2, namely 0.02% 4-HR, 0.03% antiscorbutic acid and 0.75% citric acid; the best combination to potato-slice and lotusroot juice is A2B1C1, namely 0.02% 4-HR, 0.02% antiscorbutic acid and 0.75% citric acid.

The effects of storage conditions such as temperature, storing in the dark and package of nitrogen on acid values, peroxide values and TBA values of stir-fried sunflower seed during storage were studied in this paper. Results showed that rate of rancidity with higher temperature. Package of nitrogen and storing in the dark both can inhibit rancidity of stir-fried sunflower seed obviously. Shelf-life of stir-fried sunflower seed with package of nitrogen at 30 ℃ condition can be prolonged 30 days during storage in the dark.

The shrimp were coating by different concentration of chitosan with additive. Compared to the un-coated shrimp, the feasibility and effects of chitosan on the shelf life extension of shrimp were examined. The total count of bacteria colonies, the valve of TVB-N and sensory changes were regularly evaluated as guideline. We confirmed the best concentration of chitosan by the effects. Result showed that shrimps coated with chitosan could maintain better sensory characterisitics than those uncoated. The valve of TVB-N is lower in these samples coated with chitosan. The self life could extend two or three days. The best concentration of chitosan is 1.5%.

In the thesis, preserving loquat fruits with mixed Chinese herbal medicine as its coating preserving agent was investigated. The coating preserving agent was prepared with mixed plant gum (locust bean gum with xanthan gum), added in Clove, Rhubarb, Artemisia argy and coating accessory ingredient. The results indicated that the loquat fruits are well preserved when treated with the coating preserving agent, and the formulation B produced an obvious preservation effect.

Xanthohumol is a prenylflavoniod from Humulus lupulus L. Its structure endows it multiple physiology activities. The aim of this paper is to summarize the distilling, separation, purification, configuration identification and physiology activities of xanthohumol for cancer prevention, antiviral, prevention of diabetes and atherosclerosis and action of estrogen and antioxidant.

Calcium deficiency is a worldwide health issue. The most important preventive and treatment measure for it is how to choose correctly effective calcium supplements. At present, the types and quality of calcium supplements-marketed are great different and there are many evaluation methods on absorbability and bioavailability of them. Most of calcium supplements on market are compound, which should be evaluated all-sided. In this review, the progress in the evaluation methods on absorbabil- ity and bioavailability of the calcium supplements was elucidated. The assessment methods were divided into two kinds, i.e. absorbability of calcium and bone effects. Advantages and disadvantages of each method were described respectively. A new technique of labeling calcium pool by stable isotopic, combined with bone histomorphometry may be considered as a new clue of the calcium supplements evaluation.

Whey protein has some functional characteristics and biological activeness, and has been applied in food industry more and more wide. Functional characteristics could be improved markedly by modification, such as heat stability, heat gelation, emulsification etc. Protein denaturation could influence the characteristics of whey protein, and the effect of components in milk and circumstances on denaturation was discussed. Whey protein has well market foreground in food industry because of the utilization on edible membrane, milk checkout, protein purification and so on.

This paper briefly introduced the extraction, constitution, determination and pharmacology of the polysaccharides of Portulace oleracea L. in the last decade. The polysaccharides of Portulace oleracea L. is a natural functional food with high development potentials and values and will be widely used to prevent various diseases.

For long time, there are a lot of problems in water resource of our country and water pollution is very serious. However, the prevention and cure of water resource is uncultured. So, the safety and the continuable using of water resource have been badly influenced. This paper started from the reasons of water pollution in China, and found out the main means to control water pollution by laws, administration, economy, and technique. The purpose of this research is applying the results to people’s life.

This article reviews the recent development in the sucrose ester’s synthesis catalyzed by enzymes, namely those involving control over the enzyme, the reaction medium and the acyl donor. It was discovered that proteases, lipases and abzymes can be used for the regioselective acylation of sucrose. Enzymatic regioselective synthesis of sucrose ester is com- monly carried out in dimethylformamide(DMF), dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO), pyridine and other solvents which are poisonous. In recent years, the studies on enzyme-catalyzed regioselective synthesis under solvent-free conditions and on processes of the use of less harmful solvents such as mixtures of miscible solvents or tert-butanol have been paid more attention. The activated esters have been used as the acyl donor widely.

Drinking water plays an important role in our dally life. And with the increasing need of safe drinking water, the quality and safety of drinking water have become focues of attention. Though there are many unfathomed questions on drinking water, many great progresses on the technology of quality inspection and safety assessment have been made under the pressures and challenges of food quality and safety. Greater efforts should be made to improve the technology of quality inspection and safety assessment for drinking water in the future.

The article analyzes the problems of environment pollution and ecological destroyment caused by each link of agricultural industrialization from the characteristics of agricultural industrialization, and points out that the counter mea- surement of environmental protection should be adopted in order to realize the sustainable development of agricultural industrialization.

With the development of economic and the improvement of people’s life, package has become an essential part of human beings’ life. However, the existing packaging approaches and materials tend to cause the awful waste of resources and sever environmental pollution. From the problems of food packages in China, the authors of this paper put forward the “green” ideal of environment-friendly package, and point out that the way for developing the food environment-friendly package and the environment protection.

Obvious shortages exist in the conventional chemical deacidification technique of rice bran oil. Researches on the deacidification methods are quite activated both our country and abroad, and some methods have been put into application. The development of research on deacidification methods of rice bran oil was reviewed in this paper, and the various deacidification methods and some problems respectively were analyzed. It can provide clues and basis for further research and application of deacidification of rice bran oil.

This paper points out that it is necessary to thoroughly transform the strategy for the abatement of increasingly severe pollution from China’s food industry, namely. transforming the strategy of end-pipe treatment into the strategy of cleaner production. The author discloses four obstacles to this transformation which are related to cognition and attitude, technology, mechanism and public participation. At last part of the paper, four feasible countermeasures are put forward.

The smoked foods were popular, but effected by their unhealthy factors. In this field, the liquid smoking technology is used for smoked foods widely because of stabilized quality, no benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and easy to realize industrialization. In this paper, the application of liquid smoking technology on aquatic products was summarized and the developing prospect was expected.

In order to identity the vegetable produce in vegetable quality and safety traceability system, with EAN·UCC system, encoding method was established and the traceable label for vegetable produce was designed and implemented.

The processing of no-sugar yoghurt was investigated in this paper. The quality of yoghurt using xylitol as sweetener was similar to that using sugar. Through orthogonal design, the optimal conditions for producing no-sugar yoghurt are obtained: xylitol 7% (m/m), ferment starter 3%(V/V) and ferment time 2.5 h.

 In order to make sweet corn beer in this experiment, the craft parameter of dextrinization, liquefaction, saccharification, fermentation and so on are studied. The optimum conditions are as follows: the corn immerged in 60 ℃ water with 0.2% lactic acid for 4 h, dextrinized at 100 ℃ for 60min, and liquefied by adding 0.3% enzyme at 85～95℃, and then decreased the temperature to 60 ℃, added 0.5% enzyme, saccharifid for 4 h, at last, inoculated Saceharomyce to the substrate and fermented for 48 h at 15 ℃. Finally, we have this style of yellowish and transparent fermentation products that owns corn aroma.

The technology rules of producing organic Se-enriched rice were proposed based on condition and characteristic of paddy growth. Preparation of Se-enriched fertilizer, quality control of ecological environment, application technology of fertilizer, protection of diseases and insects, protection of diseases and insects and process of polished rice were chosen as critical control point. It will provide scientific bases for producing organic Se-enriched rice.

By joining to have various health care functions of broadleaf holly leaf tea polyphenols to the chewing gum commercial formulation, a new health care chewing gum has been developed.

This research tried to explore the production process of nutritional fruit juice containing alcohol ingredient through a set of tests with the materials such as distiller grains with liquor wine, wild Rosa roxbrghii juice, bee pollen and flavor concrete. Meanwhile, the process of producing bee pollen with the broken wall technology was also discussed in this paper. The following results can be obtained through the experiments. For one result, broken rate of bee pollen wall can reach over 98% by Aspergillus cultivation for 56 h under such conditions: pH5.4, tempture 55 ℃, NaCl 10%. For another result, treated by combination of sodium alginate 1.35 mg/100 ml and soluble starch 180 mg/100 ml for 18 h, insoluble esters in pulpy wine with alcohol 20°can be precipitated completely and most of fatty acid esters can be removed.

Objective: To develop the fermentation beverage with dred fruit. Methods: Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus were used to ferment lixivium of dried apricot, plum, jujube and raisins. The optimum formula and processing conditions of the fermentation beverage were selected by orthogonal test method. HPLC was used to determinate VC and atomic water method is used determinate Zn and Fe in finished product. Results: The ratios of apricot, plum, jujube and raisins to are 25%, 25%, 10%, 20%(g/100 ml), respectively; The optimum formula of the fermented liquid is: fermentation temperature 40 ℃, fermentation time 36 h, and the amount of inoculation is 3%. The optimum formula of beverage is: sucrose 6%, citric acid 0.04%, CMC-Na 0.4% and xanthic gluc 0.03%. The trace element Zn, Fe and the VC contents are 0.23, 0.52, 0.344 mg/100 ml respectively.

This research intends to optimize fermenting conditions for producing the nutritious and healthy beverage with particular flavor made from potatoes and fresh milk through orthogonal test. The optimum conditions are: potatoes and fresh milk as the main ingredients mixed with certain amount of sugar and stabilizer, 3% Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus (ratio 1:1) inoculation size, fermenting for 5 h at 42 ℃, and repeated fermenting for 22 h at 0～5℃. On these conditions nutritious and healthy beverage with special flavor can be obtained.

With “Miliang No. I” kiwi fruits as the raw material, this research carried out the experimental investigation on the production technique of kiwi fruit juice pulp type jelly and mainly studied the color-protecting technology by using microwave to inactivate the enzyme, glue digesting technology and proportion of major raw and auxiliary materials. The research results showed that the perfect effect of inactivating enzyme can be achieved by adopting microwave with a frequency of 2450 Hz and power of 11 kW to radiate kiwi fruit pulp particles 4min; and the glue digesting effect is better good on the conditions: the concentration of the digested glue 2.0% and the temperature for 80～85 ℃; the proportion of major raw and auxiliary materials is as follows: fruit juice 30%, pulp particles 6%, total acidity 0.20%, total sugar 12% and jelly powder 0.7%.

Pea beer enriched Zinc was developed by the followmg procedures: Pea used as raw materials, at 30 ℃, put the pea soaked in the pH 5.5 ZnSO4·7H2O solution with concentration of zinc ion 600 × 10-6, 700 × 10-6 and 800 × 10-6 respectively. Pea beer enriched zinc was prepared by pe germination, ascchariffication and juice extraction, sterilization and cooling and blank comparison was set. In the study, the number of yeast cells, appearance sugar content, diacetyl content, high alcohol content were assayed during the fermentation with different content of the ZeSO4·7H2O. Meawhile after latter fermentation, diacetyl content, higher alcohols, mellow, alcohol degree, true concentration, original pea milk concentration and true degree of fermentation and so on were determinated. Results showed that the fermentation is optimum when the content of ZnSO4·7H2O was 700 × 10-6, because this content can control the multiplication rate of yeast, and low diacetyl and higher alcohol content. The beer can meet the requirements of modern light beer taste, significantly shorten the fermentation time and improve productivity.