In vitro antioxidant activities of different extracts of Cyclocaryap aliurus (Bata1.) Iljinsk leaves were studied. The activities of the extracts on scavenging DPPH radical were assayed. The chemiluminescence method was used to evaluate the effects of the extracts on scavenging superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical and the changes of the oil oxidation were determined by storage in baking oven. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus (Bata1.) Iljinsk significantly had free radical-scavenging activitya nd could inhibitt hel ipidp eroxidation.

The effects of substrate and terminal products on the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in fresh-cut yam. The results showed that the optimum substrate concentration of PAL was 200 mg/L. Although concentration of phenylalanine (Phe) was higher or lower than 200 mg/L, the enzyme activities were inhibited. The trans-cinnamic acid (CA) inhibited the PAL activity, and activity was inhibited most strongly by 120 mg/L CA. Although CA was higher or lower than 120 mg/L, the inhibition decreased. The ferulic acid(FA) inhibited the PAL activity, and effects of 40 mg/L concentration were strongest. With the concentration increased, the inhibition effects decreased. When concentration of FA was 100 mg/L, the effect of inhibition was weakest, then with the concentration increase the effects of inhibition were increased too.

Volatile components in wild Paeconia latiflora were extracted by the technique of supercritical CO2 extraction, chemical compositions of the extracts were analyzed by means of GC-MS and their scanvenging functions were studied by ortho-triphenol superoxide radical formation method. Results showed that the extracts obtained by supercritical CO2e xtraction with 70% of ethanol as an entrainer contain mainly benzoic acid, phenol, salicylalcohol with antibiotic activity, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, phenol and 2-methyl-5-butylphenol which is very similar to BTH structurally. The study on the superoxide radical scanvenging showed that the IC50 is as high as 1.013 g/L. The wild Paeconia latiflora can be useda s natural excellenta ntibiotica nda ntioxidem aterial.

The content of protein, polypeptides, free amino acids and distribution of molecular polypeptide weight of in BSF bioactive peptides were analyzed in this research. And the anti-oxidant activities of black bone silky fowl (BSF) bioactive peptides were evaluated by determination of the scavenging activities against hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals produced by Fenton reaction and pyrogallol autoxidation respectively. The results showed the protein content was 90.53% in BSF bioactive peptide, in which polypeptide amounted for 50.46% and amino acids 36.17%. The major molecular weight of BSF bioactive peptides was less than 1900 Da and small weighted peptide was dominated. BSF Bioactive peptides had a strong scavenging effect against hydroxyl radicals, and the scavenging activity showed a positive dose-response relationship with BSF bioactive peptides concentration; Also, BSF Bioactive peptide can decrease the speed of pyrogallol autoxidation, and the reducing effect showed a positive relationship with concentration, however its anti-oxidant activity in vitro is weaker than carnosine did.

Thes tability ofc arotenoidsw ass tudiedi nt hisr esearch.T her esultss howedt hath igh temperaturea ffectst hes tability of carotenoids and carotenoids are sensitive to sunlight and UV. However, it is not so sensitive to lamplight. Carotenoids are more stable in alkaline condition compared to acid condition; The stability of carotenoids is reduced when Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Al3+ is respective added to its medium whereas other metal ions have no such effect on its stability. Oxidants and sour taste agent have destructive effect onc arotenoidsa ndr educing agents andp reservative havep rotectivee ffects.

Corn gluten protein was phophorylated with various degrees by POCl3, and changes of functional properties were determined. Results showed that phosphorylation caused significant increases in solubility, emulsification, foam and water absorption capacity. The FTIR spectrum indicated that phosphoric acid radical groups were introduced in protein chain.

The aim of this paper was to research the antifungal and antioxidant activities of Gelidium amansii. According to the results of mycelial growth of plant pathogenic fungi, Gelidium amansii had resourceful antifungal activities sources. The Gelidium amansii showed scavenging capacity to hydroxyl free radical generated by Fenton reaction and to superoxide anion generated by a pyrogallol autoxidation system. The active constituents might be seaweed polysaccharides, flavonoids, steroidal saponins, lactones and coumarins etc.

In this research, difference soybean peptides were prepared by hydrolyzing soybean protein isolate with alcalase, pepsin, trypsinase,p apaina ndn eutrase respectively,a ndt hed ifference oft heira ngiotensinc onverting enzyme (ACE)i nhibiting activities was studied. Comparison experiments on peptides increments, relationship between degree of hydrolysis (DH) and ACE inhibitoryr ate, relation betweenu ltrafiltrateo fp eptidesa ndA CEi nhibitoryr atea nde lectrophoretics eparation werec onducted. The result showed that the peptides increments by alcalase hydrolysis were the largest, and the sequent order in turn was pepsin >papain>neutrase, but trypsinase was abnormal. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) increased with prolongation of time. The biggest Dh of alcalase was 21%, and the sequent order in turn was pepsin>papain>neutrase, but trypsinase was only 9%. ACE inhibitory rate of alcalase, pepsin, papain, neutrase and trypsinase hydrolysates at the biggest DH, were 44.9%, 43.5%, 23.1%, 23.5% and 15.7% respectively. Peptides with above 1000 daltons molecular weight have the strongest inhibitory effects on ACE. Small molecular peptides by alcalase and pepsin amounted for 71.3% and 69.4% of all the peptides respectively, and the ACE inhibitory rate of the small molecular peptides by alcalase, pepsin, papain, neutrase and trypsinase were 64.57%, 78.49%, 47.3%, 45.7% and 29.6% respectively. So it can be concluded that papain was optimum for ACE inhibiting peptide preparation among 5kinds of protease, and the sequent order in ture: alcalase>papain>neutrase>trypsinase.

Blueberry fruits from four commercial cultivars grown under same conditions at the same location were analyzed for total phenolics (TP) DPPH radical scavenging activity and superoxide radical scavenging ability (SRSA). The results demonstrated that all tested blueberries extracts showed very good antioxidant activity with dose-effect dependent, and the positive correlation among the content of total phenolics and antioxidant activity were also observed.

The pigment of walnut (Ningguo, Anhui Province) outer peel was extracted by the means of soaking in hot water. Meanwhile its outward, color, solution, light spectrum characteristics and stability were studied. The result indicated that the pigment of walnut outer peel is a wine-red mixture and well dissolved. The pigment is unstable under light but has a good stability for temperature, alcohol, salt and sucrose. Thus the pigment of walnut outer peel has a good prospect as an edible pigment.

Butachlor was used to react with 3-marcapropanoic acid to synthesize the hapten, and the structure of the hapten was identified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, electro-spray ionisation mass spectrometry and infrared spectrometry, respectively.T hen,a rtificiala ntigenw as preparedb ym odifieda ctivee sterm ethod,a ndt hec onjugatew asi dentifiedb yu ltraviolet spectrometry. Finally, the specificity of the antiserum was confirmed by indirect competitive ELISA. The results showed that 3-marcapropanoic acidi s linkedt ob utachlor,t he haptenl inkedt o carrierp rotein, thea rtificiala ntigens ynthesized,a nda ntiserum against butachloro btained.C hessboardt iterm ethodg ives theo ptimalc oatinga ntigenc oncentration3 μg/ml and3 2000f old dilution of antiserum. The calibration curve of indirect competitive ELISA showed that the IC50 is 1.44μg/ml and detection limit 0.47 μg/ml.

Beef with 15% fat was added with glycerol (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%) to gain the intermediate moisture beef sausage with water activity (aw) from 0.98 to 0.84. The glycerol sausage was subjected to regular storage at 25℃a nda cceleratedc ondition at 49 ℃, and water activity, lipid oxidation, Maillard non-enzymatic browning reaction, protein oxidation were analyzed after 0, 4 and 8 week. The results showed that the accelerate storage temperature and time, but not water activity, had significantly effects on lipid oxidation, Maillard reaction and protein oxidation in intermediate moisture beef with aw rangeo f 0.84t o0 .98.

In order to obtain high stable W/O high F value oligopeptide emulsion, through the HLB value screening method to compound different type emulsifiers, the different HLB value were obtained. The orthogonal test results showed that the optimum compound is Tween-80 and Span-80, HLB value is 6, the eaqueous phase content is 50% and the emulsifier content is 10%. On these conditionst hee mulsified system iss tablest.

Gellan gum(GG) and sodium alginate(SA) can improve the quality of low-fat meat products as fat substitutes. Effects of GG and SA on cooking loss (CL), water holding capacity (WHC) and hardness of low-fat meat products were investigated in this paper. The results of single factor showed that GG above 0.25% can reduce CL of gel, WHC and hardness significantly (p<0.05), SA above 0.5% can reduce CL and hardness and enhance WHC of gel significantly(p<0.05). In compound experiment, the effect of SA on reduction of CL of gel and augment of WHC are higher than GG and low concentration GG (0.25%) associated with SA decrease CL of gel and control hardness of gel.

The inhibitory effects of mulberry red pigment on bacterials, fungi and yeast found in foods were studied. The results indicate that mulberry red pigment has strong inhibitory effects on E.coli and weak effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, but has no effect on frngi and yeast.

The antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense and Dendrobium candidum were evaluated by scavenging activities of superoxide anion (O·2) generated by pyrogallol autoxidation system and hydroxyl free radicals (·OH) generated by Fenton reaction and inhibiting activity of oxidation system of linoleic acid induced by alkyl radical. Results showed that polysaccharides from the two Dendrobium species had distinctive scavenging effects of superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical and their inhibition responses on oxidation system of linoleic acid induced by alkyl radical were also remarkable. In addition, the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense was stronger than that of Dendrobium candidum.

The combined forms and distribution of selenium,the extraction and separation technology of macromolecule containing selenium in water chestnut of Enshi city were studied. With various extraction solvent polysaccharide and protein of water chestnut was extracted, and the selenium content of all components were determinated by atomic absorption spectrometer. The results were as following: the selenium in protein as the main storing form in the water chestnut accounting for 50.45% of total selenium, and the selenium in alcohol-soluble protein accounting for 38.66%. Also part of selenium and the polysaccharide union are contained.

The gelling properties of welan-xanthan systems, and the effects of temperature, time, freezing-thawing alternation, pH, NaCl and citric acid on it were investigated in this research. The results showed that the welan-xanthan system had good gelling ability. Temperature and time had effect on welan-xanthan systems. When the mass ratio of welan gum to xanthan gum was 20 ml/80 ml, the synergistic interaction was the strongest. The further research indicated that freezing-thawing alternation, pH, NaCl and citric acid had little effect on the compound gum.

With the ARES-RDA rheometer, the effects of different temperatures and the concentrations on the rheological property, gelation process and dynamic viscoelasticity of silver carp surimi paste by dynamic oscillatory measurements were studied. According to the results, the viscosity of silver carp surimi pastes increases as the decreases of shear rate, and there is shear-thinning behavior; Dynamic shear modulus surimi paste of (including the elastic modulus and loss modulus) at 5 ℃ and 10 ℃ almost has nothing to do with dynamic frequency (f) (2～16 Hz) , G’ is far higher than G". At 20 ℃, when the dynamic frequency (f)>8 Hz, the dynamic shear modulus of surimi paste increases as the frequency increases. The results of temperature scanning (temperature range: 5～70 ℃) showed that the gel process of surimi has three stages : the first stage appeares before 30 ℃, the second stage appeares in 38～43 ℃, the third stage appeares after 46 ℃, and protein began to form the final gel. The results provided a certain reference for further widening the scope of the application of the silver carp surimi.

The high amylose maize starch granules were modified by the microwave and their digestion resistibility was changed under different moisture mass percents, microwave temperatures, treatment time and powers. The granule appearance and digestion resistibility of native and microwave modified high amylose starch granules under different microwave conditions were investigated by SEM and in in vitro digestion model. It was found that the microwave modified starch granule surface became roughness and most of them were damaged to some little fragment when the resistant starch content reached 22.0%. The results showed that under the microwave filed the moisture mass percent and microwave temperature had significant effects on the high amylase maize starch digestion resistibility but the microwave power and time had little effect.

Peanut allergens have not yet been studied in China. The aim of this study was to investigate: (i) the major peanut allergens in China, and (ii) whether peanut varieties in China show different allergen profiles. Three peanut varieties commonly used in China were studied. Immunoblot on peanut protein extracts was performed with sera from 10 eczema patients with serum specific IgE (immunoglobulin E) of peanut proteins. Peanut specific IgE reacting bands were subjected to determination of N- terminal amino acid sequences with the automated Edman degradation method. The relative contents of major peanut allergens were quantified by SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) densitometry. In result, Ara h 1 and a series of Ara h 3 were major peanut allergens in China. The relative amount of Ara h 1 and Ara h 3 were significantly different in Chinese peanut varieties but both less than foreign varieties. Therefore, peanut varieties may induce different amount of allergens. The relative lower contents of Ara h 1 and Ara h 3 may lead to the lower prevalence of peanut allergy in China.

The antimicrobial effect of five compositions and two components of the compositions against five kinds of indicated microorganisms were studied according to the sanitizing technique criterion under pH5.0 and pH6.0. The indicated microorganisms were Escherichia coli 8099, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538, Bacillus subtilis ATCC9372, Candida albicans ATCC10231 and Aspergillus niger ATCC16404 respectively. This seven compositions included five compositions base on chitosan and chitosan- Zn complex, the sole chitosan-Zn complex and ethyl p-Hydroxybenzoate (NJ).The remained live cell numbers were counted by plate counting number method. A series of rudimental microorganism numbers were gained after culture at 0, 4, 24, 48, 72 h and 96 h in the tubes. The logarithm curves of plate count numbers changed with cultured time represented the disinfecting effect of the compositions against the five kinds of indicated microorganisms. The results indicated that the composition A, B, D and E could effectively inhibit the five kinds of indicated microorganisms under pH 6.0, the composition A, B, C, D, E and the sole chitosan-Zn complex had higher inhibition to Escherichia coli 8099 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 than to the other three kinds of microorganisms, and the antimicrobial effect of NJ was more efficient to Aspergillus niger ATCC16404 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC9372. However, the antimicrobial effect of all the seven compositions was not efficient to Candida albicans ATCC10231 when compared with that of the other four microorganisms, the reason was relative with the high control number of microorgan- isms in the tube, the inhibition of the same composition was more efficient under the low pH and lesser control microorganism number in the tube.

Effect of transglutaminase (TGase) and four hydrocolloids (к-carrageenan, xanthan ,sodium alginate and guargum) on hardness and yield of chicken sausage with two factors factorial experiment design was studied in this paper. Results showed that yield of chicken sausage was increased significantly by those hydrocolloids (p<0.01), while TGase could not increase the yield and had no interacting effects with hydrocolloids(p>0.05). The hardness of chicken sausage was significantly increased by TGase(p<0.05).к-carrageenan had no significant influence on hardness of TGase treated chicken sausage. On the contrary, hardness were decreased by xanthan ,sodium alginate and guargum levels, respectively(p<0.01).

Exopolysaccharides of Sphingomonas paucimobilis S1 was deacetylated. Emulsifying activity, dissolution and rheology of exopolysaccharides was studied. This kind of exopolysaccharides had a property of forming viscous solution similar to xanthan gum and can be acted as viscosifier.

Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studied spin-spin relaxation time (T2) in dough and bread in the producing process (mixing, fermenting, waking and baking). It existed a positive correlation between the spin-spin relaxation characteristic and molecular mobility. In the producing process, water mobility behavior of bond state and free state was different, besides, dietary fiber which treated with 140 MPa pressure will drink water, it can be change the storage property of bread.

In this paper, the effects of concentration, shearing, temperature, pH, salt-concentration freazing-thawing on the viscosity of plantasan was studied. Results showed that plantasan was non-Newton fluid, and the solution had pseudoplasticity. Apparent viscosity increased with the increase of concentration; the increasing of temperature can reduce the viscosity of plantasan; the viscosity is not affected by the pH 5～11; it has better compatibility with NaCl, Ca2+ obviously improve its viscosity, and the ability is correlated to the concentration of Ca2+ ions. Plantasan had better stabilization of resisting degradation, its viscosity increased with the freezing-thawing.

Water transferring in springrolls on microwave reheating is a main factor that affects the crispness of frozen pre- fried springrolls. The effects of 11S Ca-binding protein, 7S Ca-binding protein and Ca-binding protein on the crispness were studied respectively. The results showed that 11S Ca-binding protein affects better than others. Denaturation Temperature and calcium- binding capacity of these three proteins were determined. The results implied the crispness-improving mechanism by 11S Ca- combining protein. Twenty-five ml/kg glycerol was added into the outer coating of springroll for simultaneously reaching to 45 ℃. The effects of microwave reheating power and time on crispness of the product were also studied. A 600 W power and 40s reheating time are preferred.

The objective of this work was to study the effect of dietary fibers which were treated with dynamic high-pressure microfluidization on sensory, texture and viscosity of yoghourts fortified with the fibers. The pressure and content of the fiber were significant factors for the quality of yoghourt. It was proved that the gel of yoghourt fortified with 0.6% dietary fibers treated by the dynamic high-pressure microfluidization at 140MPa was firmer than the control ones, and acceptable as conventional yoghourts.

Liposomes were prepared by thin film evaporation and ultrasonic technique, and single factor test was adopted to study the effects of several factors in preparation on encapsulation efficiency. The shape, the particle size distribution, the Zeta potential and stability of medium chain fatty acid liposomes were investigated. The results indicated that the optimal prepara- tion conditions of medium chain fatty acid liposome were as follows: the ratio of soybean phosphatidylcholine to cholesterol 3: 1, the proportion of medium chain fatty acid and lipids in weight 1:10; the ratio of Tween-80 to total lipids 3:10 and the optimal temperature 35 ℃. In the optimal condition, the encapsulation efficiency could reach 82.9%, the mean particle size of liposome was 240.420.3 nm and the Zeta potential was -52.273.2 mV. The liposome was still stable after that stored for 90 days storage at 4 ℃.

The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of flavones from Ph. praecox leaf growing in the northern of China was studied. The main factors influencing the flavones extraction and their best levels were confirmed by the single factor analysis. And the optimum condition was confirmed by the orthogonal test. The results showed that the flavones extraction efficiency is 2.4% when the proportion of stuff mass is 1:15, ethanol volume is 80%, extraction time is 125 min, temperature is 70 ℃ and the power of ultrasonic is 500 W.

The salted and the not-salted Agaricus bisporus were exteacted by hot water and then deposited by ethanol. Determination results displayed that the extraction rate of crude polysaccharides of the not-salted Agaricus bisporus was 2 times higher than that of the salted. The DEAE cellulose column chromatography was used on polysaccharides purification after the protein was extracted with Seveg method. Pure polysaccharides namely Ab-I, Ab-I’ and Ab-II, Ab-II’ were isolated by distilled water and 0.05 mol/L solution of NaCl eluent respectively. The Sepharose CL-4B method showed that molecular weight of Ab- I and Ab-I’ were both 7.79 ×104. Infrared ray(IR) assays showed that the process of salting didn’t change the structure of Agaricus bisporus polysaccharides obviously. The determination results of anti-oxidant capacity of polysaccharides indicated that the anti- oxidant capacity of the crude and pure polysaccharides of not-salted Agaricus bisporus were both higher than that of the salted.

The factors such as rice residues hydrolyzed protein (RRHP) of different DH, different ratios of substrate to malt dextrin(MD), temperature, pH and reaction time affecting the Maillard reaction kinetics were discussed. Response surface methodology was used to optimize Maillard reaction factors in order to get the Maillard conjugation with the highest emulsifi- cation activities. The results indicated that the DH 6, the weight ratio of RRHP to MD 8:1, temperature 58 ℃, pH 6.5, and reaction time 3 days were the optimum reaction conditions. On these conditions, the actual emulsification activities value was higher than sodium casein.

In this article effects of processing parameters on the systemic parameters were studied. The results indicate that: Barrel temperature, material moisture, feed rate affect remarkably the systemic parameters. However, screw speed doesn’t; Rotate, pressure of 4th, pressure of 5th and degree of two-section pressure decrease with material moisture, barrel temperature and screw speed increasing; Rotate, pressure of 4th, pressure of 5th and degree of two-section pressure increase with feed rate increasing.

The extraction technology of oleanolic acid in Zizyphus jujuba mill was studied with ethanol as extractor. The contained amount of quercitr was assayed by HPLC. The best conditions were chosen through L9(34) orthogonal test. The results showed the first factor affecting extraction rate was volume percentage of ethonal, and the second and the third ones were temperature and rotio of feed liqued respectively. The best extraction conditions were 70% ethanol as extractant with the granularity of 100 mesh at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 3 h. The extraction rate was 1.549 g/kg.

Proteins were prepared by the combination of various extraction methods based on the method of inducer plus autolysis from waste brewer yeast. The optimum technology processes and parameters were determined by comparison experiments and orthogonal tests. The protein digestibility was measured by a pepsin-trypsin method in vitro. The results indicated that the optimal method of cell-wall broken was inducer plus autolysis plus enzymatic hydrolysis, and the optimal parameters were as follows: temperature 50 ℃, pH 6.0, 40 hours, the neutral protease and the β-glucanase-substrate ratio 25 U/g and 15 U/g respectively. The protein digestibility in vitro was 81.06%.

Objective: comparing the different methods of enriching gemanium(Ge) to barley seedling and assaying the Ge content in the enriched barley seedlings and touning the poisonous inorganic Ge to no poisonous organic Ge through barley seedling biotransformation in order to get a new kind of health food for man and a new way to decontaminate and protect entironment. Methods: Water culture barley seedlings; Enriching Ge barley seedlings by soaking seeds, after sprouting and in the whole process; The Ge in enriched barley seedling was examined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Result: The strong seedling concentrations are below 80 mg/L when adding Ge by soaking seeds and 40 mg/L when adding Ge after sprouting while all those barley seedlings no turning yellow and withered. The barley seedlings with adding Ge in the whole process grow slowly. Conclusion: The barley seedlings will grow well and the Ge content can reach high level with adding 40 mg/L concentration of Ge after sprouting and the total Ge content of the barley seedling is about 9.7 times of control. That is the best method and best concentration of Ge in this test.

A new kind of surfactant, i.e. starch fatty acid esters, was prepared with nature soybean oil and starch as raw materials in this paper. The reaction conditions were studied with response surface methodology design. A reaction model and the optimum conditions were got as the results. The optimum synthesis conditions were as follows: the reaction time of 11.6 h, reaction temperature of 56.3 ℃, catalyst of 1.14% and ratio of starch to fatty acid methyl esters of 1:14(W/W). The substitute degree of product was up to 0.10683.

The process of microwave extraction is a non-linear and undetermined behaviour. In this paper, with the extraction of flavonoids as example, a new method was build: the microwave extraction process was simulated by artificial neural network, and the technical parameters were optimized by genetic algorithms. After optimization, the best technology was the ratio 6. 25 between solvent and material, alcohol density of 54%, 456 microwave power, 11.3 minute extracting time, and stir-rate 483 r/min. Under these conditions, the actual output of flavonoids is 0.796%. Comparison experiment results confirmed that: with the objective of reaching the same rate of extraction, microwave method is better than conventional method on the dosage of impregnant and the recovery rate etc.

In this research, enzymatic hydrolysis of carp protein with Alkalase and its antioxidant activities were studied. The effects of E, S, temperature, time and pH on degree of hydrolysis were in detail investigated. The radical scavenging activities of hydrolysates were analyzed with two different methods, the inhibition of DPPH radicals and improved pyrogallol method. The results showed that the optimum conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis were: E 4%, S 10%, pH8.0, time 4 h, and temperature 50 ℃. Hydrolysates prepared on these conditions had a high degree of hydrolysis and also showed strong scavenging activities of DPPH radical and the superoxide anion-radical.

Polysaccharides in Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja samples of Xiushui country in jiangxi province were obtained from dried Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja powder by hot water extraction. The effects of extraction times, extraction time and the powder-to-water ratio were studied. A L9(33) orthogonal test was carried out by taking extraction times, extraction time and the powder-to-water ratio as the parameters to determine at extraction temperature of 90 ℃. The optimal comditions are as following: extraction three times, extraction time 150 mintues and the powder-to-water ratio 1:8. Under these conditions, the yield of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja polysaccharides reached 6.54%.

The extraction technology and physical-chemical properties of honeybee pupae SOD were studied in this research. The results showed that SOD could be effectively extracted from honeybee pupae with phosphate buffer and the optimum extraction technology was showed as following: the pH of phosphate buffer pH7.6, the extraction time 4 h, at room temperature, the heating temperature 55 ℃, and heating time 20 min.With this technology, the activity of honeybee pupae SOD was 110.41 U/mg pro. The optimum temperature of honeybee pupae SOD ranged from 40 ℃ to 60 ℃ and the optimum pH scope was pH7. 0～9.0. Potassuim cyanide and H2O2 were the inhibitor of honeybee pupae SOD and they could effectively prevent SOD activity.

The paper deals with the effects of using α-amylase and β-amylase to break down potato starch with temperature and time control. Different amylases, potato starch, temperatures, and times were designed with orthogonal test. The optimum hydrolysis conditions were α-amylase 0.15%(4000 U), potato starch concentration 20%, temperature 80.0 ℃, time 13 min, for β-amylase 0.15%(50000 U), temperature 60.0 ℃, time 46 h, pH5.4.

To optimize the microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) of polysaccharide from spores of Ganoderma atrum(PSGA), on the base of the single factor investigation, the extraction temperature, extraction duration and the ratio of water to material were studied with the central composite design and their interactions on the yield of polysaccharide from spores of Ganoderma atrum were also investigated. The predictive polynomial quadratic equations model was developed by SAS software. Optimal conditions of MAE of polysaccharides from spores of Ganoderma atrum can be concluded as follows: 27 min at 129 ℃, the ratio of solvent to material 31:1, purified water as the solvent. On these conditions, the yield of the PSGA is up to 2.64%.

Nitroso-hemoglobin acted as pigment in multi-component curing system instead of nitrite was developing color in meat-curing. But its stability and dispersivity was not ideal. Nitroso-hemoglobin was treated with polysaccharide to prepare glycosylated nitroso-hemoglobin, stabilities of new pigment were enhanced obviously under light and heat. The new pigment was prepared by selection of polysaccharide and optimization of experiment condition. Then characteristic of the pigment was discussed by UV, IR and DSC.

In the experiment, inulin was prepared from burdock root by microwave-assisted hot water extraction. The extraction rate of inulin by microwave-assisted extraction and traditional water extraction were 58.18% and 50.19% respectively. Single factor analysis of a number of major factors to choose ratio of solid to liquid,microwave extraction,water extraction temperature,water extraction time four factors as the rate of extraction to determine their conditions. The results showed that the orthogonal factors affecting ranking : water extraction time>microwave extraction time>water extraction temperature>ratio of solid to liquid. In hot water extraction, microwave extraction and water extraction, temperature is a major factor. The best combination of factors of the inulin extracting were ratio of solid to liquid 1:30. Microwave extracting 240 s, water extracting temperature 70 ℃ and extracting time 1.5 h, under which the extraction ratio of inulin was 91.40%. Inulinis white or yellow floc solid, easy to moisture, easy caking, blended, odorless, easily soluble in water, good thermal stability.

According to forgoing research results, the changing orderlinesses of the model of purifying technology about crystallization pressure, temperature and time with response surface methodology(RSM) were analyzed, and the technology was optimized. On the conditions of crystallization pressure 22.12 MPa, temperature 32.35 ℃, time 2.17 hours, the purity of puerarin was up to 57.55%.

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites ubiquitous in plants and have been used as medicines and health food additives for prevention and therapy of cerebral- and cardio-vascular system diseases. Flavonoid-enriched extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves (EGB) were used to treat etiolated mung bean seedling in this studies. The experimental results showed that etiolated mung bean seedlings absorbed exogenous ginkgo flavonoids and displayed some growth changes, thus the exophenotype quality was improved. Treatment by EGB increased the contents of flavonoids, soluble sugar and soluble protein, and decreased the contents of starch and free amino acids in the seedlings. Comparisons among different treatments suggested that liquid culture with low flavonoid concentration of EGB was more useful. The technological process for producing mung bean sprout vegetable with higher flavonoids was suggested in this paper. The process includes: mung bean seeds are selected in water and soaked in water under dark for 12 h, the germinating seeds are treated at 25 ℃ to 30 ℃ with 40 mg/L ginkgo flavonoid of EGB plus 0.3 mg/L IAA under dark for 48 h, and the treated seedlings are further grown under dark for 2 to 3 d.

With the ultrasonic the sunflower meal ethanol extract(SMEE) was extracted by single factor analysis design, and the optimum extraction conditions were established as follows: the ratio of material to liquid 1:10, time 30 min, temperature 40 ℃. Results showed that the antioxidant ability of SMEE is higher than VC by method of reducing power. By method of 734 Rancimat determination results of the oxidative stability of lard showed that the antioxidant ability of SMEE reaches the highest when the concentration is 187.5 mg/L and at the same concentration compared with controls, vitamin C, vitamin E and BHA, the antioxidant ability of extract of sunflower is same as BHA, better than VC and less than VE.

Corn skin linoleic acid(CSLA) was extracted through supercritical CO2 fluid extraction technology. The major influence factors such as extraction pressure, extraction temperature, extraction time and CO2 flow were studied and analysised, and the conditions were determined. CSLA were qualitative and quantitative analysised through gas chromatography. Optimized the technological condition through orthogonal test, when the extraction pressure 25 MPa, temperature 35 ℃, time 90 min, CO2 flow 25 L/h, the result is best, the CSLA percentage extraction is 3.41 g per 100 g corn skin.

Antibioticsubstance of Loropetalum Chinese var. rubrum leaves were extracted by the ethanol in orthogonal test. The optimum extracting conditions are: 60% ethanol , 45℃ and 3h. Extract acted on Staphylococlus aureus, Shigella dysenteroae and Escheichia coli, the MIC was 12.5 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml respectively. Extracting solution was not steady in the alkaline environment, but was steady in the hi-temp. Antibioticsubstance could be extracted by the ethyl acetatehe three bacteriostatic active composition were isolated with silica gel chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in the extract of ethyl acetate. The result of chemical reaction and the examination of UV showed that extracts are hydrolysablet annin.

The contrast analysis and L9(34) orthogonal test were used in this study to reduce the cost of producing egg white powder protein high F value peptide that would help to realize the industrialization of large scale production. Three factors of heat denaturation time, temperature and the enzyme dosage were investigated to measure the effect of egg white powder proteolysis, then, the optimal parameters were: the concentration of substrate 5%, heat denaturation temperature 90 ℃, heat denaturation time 10 minutes, the enzyme dosage 5%. After enzymolysis for 5 h, the proteolysis degree of egg white powder protein was 26.68%.

The optimal process of extracting flavone from Pueraria by ethanol was studied and the optimal conditions were obtained by orthogonal matrix on the basis of single factor test in this paper. Meanwhile, the anti-oxidant activities of the extraction liquid were also studied by Pyrogallol-carbonate buffer-Luminol chemiluminescence system and Luminol-H2O2 chemilumines- cence system. The results showed that the optimal conditions by orthogonal matrix were in the following: time 1 hour, the temperature 80 ℃ the volume of ethanol 70% and the ratio of material to solvent 1:30. It was also found that the CL intensity of the Luminol - H2O2 system and Pyrogallol-carbonate buffer-Luminol system could be inhibited in the presence of flavonoids of pueraria. It was demonstrated that the flavonoe of Pueraria had powerful ability to clear off superoxide radicals (IC50=28.94 μg/ml) and hydrogen peroxide (IC50=6.30μg/ml).

This paper studied the process conditions using rice starch as substrate to product fat substitute, and through a single factor test, the effect of enzyme supplementation, processing time, temperature and substrate concentration to production’s DE (dextrose equivalent) has been researched. And then, the best conditions of preparation technique are confirmed by an orthogonal test enzyme supplementation is 2 ml, hydrolyze time is 15 minutes, hydrolyze temperature is 92 ℃. The hydrolysate’s DE prepared by this condition is 2.72. The result showed that the structure characteristics of toffees using this type of dextrin to replace grease can get close other products of the same kind.

The extraction and purification of the flavonoid from Pteris semipinnata L. was studied. The flavonoids were picked up by cooperated with microwave, and determined with spectrophotometer. The result showed that AB-8 resin had good sorption to the flavonoids of the extract from Pteris semipinnata L. and the effect of sorption with static state was better than with dynamic. The best technical parameter of sorption with static state of AB-8 macro porous resin were, the ratio of resin and extracts 1:20 (W/V), pH5～6, and the flavonoids content of the extract was 1.5～2.5 mg/ml, shaking 3 h at 25 ℃, then eluted with 60% ethanol. On these conditions, the callback rate of the flavonoids in the extracts from Pteris semipinnata L. is 87.4%.

Take the cation starches as the flocculant, adds PAC (polyaluminium) as the assistance flocculant, in factor under and so on consideration temperature, pH value influences, studies its effect on the printing waste water processing. This article matches the 7 mg PAC with the 90 mg cation amount of starch the 6 mg PAC to handle the 50 ml to printing waste water respectively with the 94 mg corn starch, its percent of decolorization and the turbidity elimination rate all may reach 100%. The result of the experiment showed that the match of that flocculant to the printing waste water processing effect is more ideal.

In this research, the dry silkworm pupaes, which are one kind of the silk industry product were used to extracting pupal oil. The results showed that the optimize technique of extracting condition was temperature 38 ℃, time 2 hours, solvent 4 ml/g and vibration-rotationvelocities 160 r/min. The extracting rate of pupal oil was measured about 28.17%.

With propanal and malonate as reaction agents and piperidine as the catalyst, Knoevenagel reaction was used in the synthesis of flavor 2-pentenoic acid. The yield was 64.2%. The product, mainly in the (E) isomer, imparted cheese and weak roasted odors. The optimal reaction technology was the mole ratio of propanal to malonate in 1:1.5 with the reaction time of 3.5 h. The structure of 2-pentenoic acid was confirmed by IR, MS and 1H-NMR.

In this research, the concentrated vinegar moisture content of black tartary buckwheat, soft capsule composition and its crust as well as other technological parameters have been studied .The results showed that moisture content of concentrated vinegar was 32%～35%, concentrated vinegar, oat oil, soft phospholipids, suspending agent was in proportion of 33:55:9:5, they are compounded, triturated and emulsified and then infused in soft capsule crust with 0.20～0.30 mm thickness, and the quality of the vinegar soft capsules produced under these technological conditions attained the standard set up by the company.

In this experiment column chromatography composed of the macroporous adsorption resin was used to purify the extract of flavonoids in Alpinia officinarum Hance. The content of flavonoids in the sample and the yield, as an evaluation of the result of purification, was determined in UV spectrophotometer. The optimum technological parameters of purification were obtained, which included all the factors of affecting purification of flavonoids. The results showed the content of flavonoids in the sample was up to 90.32%, and the yield was 49.91% by means of purifications via macroporous adsorptionresin from Alpinia officinarum Hance.

Oat bran was extruded and pulverized into cell-level ultramicro-power. Its tissue characteristics were observed with microscope, which are contrasted with those of power ground with the common grinding methods. Its dissolving-out character- istics of effective compositions were observed. The surface of honeycomb-like structure was produced by means of extrusion. Nearly all cell walls of oat bran are broken and dissolving out characterstics of effective compositions are remarkably improved afteri t isu ltra-finep ulverized.

The effect of pressure, temperature and entrainers of extraction and crystallization on the purity and the crystal ratio of bergenin were investigated via single factor test, observing shape of crystal with scanning electron microscope (SEM), determining purity of bergenin by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The result showed that the crystal of bergenin was distributed in grad on crystallization board; when we select the optimized parameters: pressure 15 MPa, tempera- ture 55 ℃ and ethanol, the purity of bergenin was more than 92% and the crystal ratio was more than 60%.

Objects: To research the optimization of reduction of toxicity by fermentation of rapeseed meals. Methods: A central composite rotatable design with two star points according to the principles of response surface methodology was adopted. The influences of pH, time, temperature, seed content and the ration of water to material and their interactions on the reduction of toxicity were valuated and the optimum variable combination for the highest reduction ratio was determined with the assistance of statistical software and the contour plots. Results: A good quadratic polynomial model was obtained. According to the ANOVA, the model was significant (p<0.0001) and there was no lack of fit. By analyzing the contour p lots generated by the model, the optimal levels for each variable were as follow: pH 5.1, time 47 h, temperature 29 ℃, seed content 6.2% and the ratio of water to material 2:1. On these conditions, the response value was up to 97%. Conclusion: the above results demonstrated that, otimization of reduction of toxicity by fermentation of rapeseed meals using RSM was reasonable and efficient. The obtained model was workable in present tested range.

By high intensity pulsed electric fields(HPEF) treatment and with ratio of insoluble matters in acetone as measurable index, the optimum parameters of HPEF for extraction of yolk lecithin were: the pulse number 35, the electric field strength 20 kV and the concentration of additives 18 ml/g.

The technology of extracting the flavonoids in Arnebia guttata Bge. was studied by using total flavonoids as index. The optimum extraction conditions of ultrasound were determined by othoganal method: the ratio of material over solvent is 1: 30 using 80% using alcohol as solvent and the extracting time is about 15 min and 400W; the content of total flavonoids was up to 5.58%.

Taking the Poria cocos as raw materials, this paper developed the optimization of alkali soluble polysaccharide extraction technology, compared the content and structure of polysaccharide in Poria cocos sclerotium and its processing leftover, used the ultramicro smashing method to deal with the polysaccharide and the Poria cocos powder, and compared the change of physical and chemical nature with the native samples.The results showed that the optimized extraction of alkali polysaccharide is as follows: treatment temperature 4℃, concentration of alkali 0.75mol/L, extraction time 8h and the ratio of stuff to alkali solution 1:40, that the polysaccharide content of Poria cocos sclerotium is higher than the Poria cocos processing leftover which could also be a good origin material of polysascharide, and that compared with the native samples, the physical and chemical nature of the ultramicro smashing samples has certain change, which can be better used as food processing stuff.

In order to develop the resources of Changbai Mountain thoroughly, extraction the polysaccharides in the Vaccinium uliginosum L. was studied in the present paper. Through a comparison analysis and L9(34) orthogonal design, the extracting time, temperature, ratio of solid to liquid and the times were investigated respectively. The results indicated that the temperature was very significant and then the ratio of solid to liquid, the extracting time. The optimal conditions in the extracting procession were as follow: temperature 90 ℃, extracting time 4 h, ratio of solid to liquid 1:30 and extracting times 2. On the optimal conditions the extracting rate of polysaccharides could approach to 12.46%.

In this paper, the response optimum condition of phospholipase was determined in laboratory, the optimum enzyme dosage 30 mg/kg, temperature 52 ℃, pH5.1 and reaction time 5 h. And the deodorization temperature was 240 ℃. The phosphorus content and acid value decreases steadily to 4 mg/kg and 0.90 mg KOH/g. On this basis, the production scale was expanded, the technological parameters were adjusted and the committed steps were control in the actual production. The residual phosphorus content decreases steadily to 4.2 mg/kg and acid value was 0.92 mg KOH/g. And the refined oil rate was enhanced 0.5%.

Supersonic technology assisted water extraction to extract polysaccharides from leaves of Vaccinium uliginosum L. was researched in this experiment. The factors of ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power,extracting time and water temperature were studied. Through a comparison analysis and L9(34) orthogonal design, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, extracting time with water and water temperature were investigated respectively. The results indicated that the most significant factor was the extraction temperature, then the ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power and time of water diffusion. The optimal conditions in the extraction procession were as follow: ultrasonic time 15 min , ultrasonic power 200 W, water diffusion time 75 min and water temperature 90 ℃. On the optimal conditions the extracting rate of polysaccharides could reach 7.96%. The total extraction time is only 90 min. Compared with the traditional technology, it reduces the time of extract process and energy consumption significantly.

Clearly demonstrated the principal factors affecting the extraction of soy germ oil with supercritical CO2 fluid. These were extracting pressure, extracting temperature, extracting period, and CO2 flowing rate. The results showed that satisfactory extracting conditions: extracting pressure of 30 MPa, extracting temperature of 45 ℃ for 120 minutes at CO2 flowing rate of 25 kg/h. Under these conditions, the yield of soy germ oil reached 91.38%. At the same time we analyzed the Compositions on extracting of soy germ oil with supercritical carbon dioxide. Supercritical carbon dioxide method got the unsaturated fatty acid content as 84.2%, among them, linolenic acid and linoleic acid account for 74%, its iodine value is 152 gI/100g.

Mayonnaise is a sort of emulsifying semisolid, high nutrition value and distinctive flavour condiment. Mayonnaise has been sold on the market of our country, but price is rather high, therefore it is imperative that the suitable product for Chinese should be improved in price and taste. In this paper, to reduce production cost and prolong the shelf life are two major problems. Combined design of mayonnaise formulation decision-making variables, restraint conditions and mathematics model of cost would be established. The optimal formula of minimum cost is gotten with the function of Excel programming calculation. It may provide valuable reference for the application of computer in prescription design. The optimum advantages of high pressure processing are not only to sterilize at room temperature, but also to get the mayonnaise with new properties. Since mayonnaise cannot be heated up to sterilize. It is suggested that mayonnaise should be processed at 300 MPa for 5 mins, so the commercial germless requirement would be met. From the near-infrared spectrum (NIRS) assay of mayonnaise and its components, it was discovered that the NIRS change of mayonnaise is very similar with the NIRS assay of yolk. It showed that the NIRS change of mayonnaise processed by high pressure is caused mostly by yolk, but we cannot expel the interaction of components.

The total flavones were extracted by alcohol as the solvent from Pueraria lobata Ohwi by ultrasonic and microwave. The effect of the power of ultrasonic field, the period of ultrasonic treatment and the power of microwave, the period of microwave treatment was studied. Under the suitable condition with ultrasonic and microwave, the extraction yield of the total flavones could be increased.

Through the studies of the ways of gelatin, bentonite and chitosan on the clarification of persimmon wine, it was found that gelatin and chitosan had better clarifying effect than that of bentonite; gelatin had the best effect, after the clarifying, the content of protein and tannin had reduced in a certain extent. It was also found that the combination of the two clarificants had better effects than that of the single one. After the clarifying, the clarified wine was transparent and had the especial flavor and colour, with a good stability.

Ascorbyl Palmitate(AP) is safety, nutritious and efficiently antioxidant and emulsifier, it has characteristics of multifunctional and multipurpose. This research synthesized of AP with VC and by-product methyl palmitate from Chinese Vegetable Tallow biodiesel, also determined HLB value of AP. The results showed that synthetic method is simple and feasible, the indexs of AP are according with related national standard, its HLB value is about 8.4, so belongs to oil-water emulsifier.

In order to reduce the manufacturing cost of L-lactic acid and increase the compound usage of rape cake, rape cake hydrolysate was used to replace beef extract etc. as nitrogen source. The model of BP neural networks was set up on the basis of uniform experiment along with the results of single-factor tests(%). Then, neural networks was optimized by genetic algorithms. The obtained optimal medium ingredients are (g/L): glucose110.43, rape cake (dry weight)hydrolyzate 87.75, corn liquid 21.18, (NH4)2HC6H5O7 2.85. Under the optimal medium determined, the output is increased by 9.30%.

In this research, formation and regenaration of protoplast conditions were optimized. The spores suspension up to a final concentration of 1×107～4×107/ml are inoculated in the liquid medium with MPPY, cultured at 30℃, 200r/min for 35 h. Mycelial masses were resuspended in suitable enzyme solution (1% snaliase + 0.3% lysing enzyme + 4 % cellulase, lytic enzyme dissolved in 0.6 mol/L MgSO4, adjusting pH to 6), and incubated at 30 ℃ with orbital shaking (60 r/min). The number of protoplasts were counted by a hemacytometer during the protoplasts formation, and the pesk of 8×107/ml after 3.5 h of incubation. The peak of regenerantion frequence is 18%. PEG and CaCl2-mediated protoplast transformation of strain AS3.4384 with pH4, hygromycin B as selective marker is established.

In this research, the influences of different fermentation conditions on producing anti-ACE (Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme) activity from sour milk fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus were studied by orthogonal test. The optimal fermentation conditions are as following: incubation temperature 37℃, 12 h fermentation, and 12%(W/V) concentration of milk powder.

In this research, 3 fine yeast strains were selected from Xiangxi natural savory vinegar,and their main production performance about alcohol-producing velocity, alcohol degree resistance, temperature resistance, bottom-nutrition resistance had been investigated to screen uperior yeast strain. The results showed that the NO.9 strain is the best among such production performancs as alcohol-producing velocity, alcohol degree resistance, bottom-nutrition resistance, and can resist large tempera- ture range, so it is the uperior yeast strain.

Tissue isolation performed on discomycetes specimens, 25 filament products were obtained. Culture conditions of L.brasiliense 84-2, L.sclerotii 88-2 and L.singerianum 95-1 were studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the growth of strains were potato 250 g/L, glucose 20 g/L, VB1 0.01 g/L, 25 ℃ and pH 5.5. The optimum conditions for producing pigment of L.brasiliense 84-2 were obtained as follows: potato 250 g/L, NaHCO3 20 g/L, KNO3 5 g/L, glycin 0.01 g/L and pH 7.0.

The study on the growing of Gluconobater oxydans in sorbitol culture and oxidative effects its non-growing cells to sobitol were carried out dynamicly. The results demonstrated that sorbitol as carbon source restrains the microorganism from growing.When the contrentration of sorbitol is 2%, the microorganism grows the best. When the culture volume is 20 ml, the concentration of non-growing cells is 1.0 mg dry cell weight/ml, and the product rate is the highest with 77% after 34 hours. When the culture volume is 10 ml, and the concentration of non-growing cells is 2.0 mg dry cell weight/ml, the result of biotransforma- tion is optimal, which is 90% after 16 hours. In addition, when the microorganism grows in sorbitol culture without Mg+, and its non-growing cells oxidate sorbitol without Mg+, sorbitol oxidation does not take place.

In this research the factors affecting the lactases production were investigated. The production method of a novel additive with lactose intolerance was introduced. The additive was produced by combinative fermentation of three lactic acid bacteria strains producing lactase and the frozen drieds lactase could be persevered for 3 months. It was confirmed that the optimum concentration of lactic acid bacteria added in additive with lactose intolerance was 107/L.

The microflora changes of yoghurt during processing and storage are analyzed by using selective media and the variation of the microbiological standards of yoghurt are studied by GB methods. The results indicate that Pseudomonas, Enterbacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria are dominant floras in raw materials; lactic acid bacteria becomes dominant flora after fermentation; molds and yeasts become secondary organisms after one week in storage and the aerobic bacterial count increases obviously after three weeks. The molds, yeasts and bacteria are main microorganisms causing spoilage of yoghurt.

Elytrigia Desv have many good hereditary characters. It is a effective method to establish common wheat- E. elongate translocation lines and enlarge hereditary resources by using gametocidal chromosomes. The Aegilops cylindrical chromosome 2C can induce chromosomal aberration in its univalent added to wheat. And the translocation and deletion can be obtained. In this paper, Chinese Spring- Ae. Cylindrical two disomic addition lines containing gametocidal chromosomes were used to cross with Chines Spring-E.elongate 1E two disomic addition lines. By observing and analyzing meiosis process of F1 hybrids PMC, chromosome behavior of PMC is abnormal in different degrees. The number of univalents is more than the theoretical number, rod bivalents increases apparently and multivalents are present. Furthermore, many lagging chromo- some breakages, bridges and micronucleus can be observed. 83 F2 progenies were tested induced by gametocidal chromosome 2C using C-banding and genomic in-situ hybridization (GISH) analysis. 5" Chinese Spring"-E.elongata translocation lines and 6 deletion lines were obtained. The total chromosome aberration frequency is 13.24%, including the translocation frequency of 6.02%, deletion frequency 7.22%. The mechanism of gametocidal chromosome and reason that caused reduced seed setting percentage were discussed.

The specific heat capacity of mouse β-actin gene system in PCR(polymerase chain reaction) was studied in this paper. By the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), the specific heat of PCR amplified system with different PCR cycles was assayed. Further, the glass transition temperature of the PCR amplified system was also investigated in the tempera- ture range of -60～50 ℃. Experimental results showed that the more are the PCR cycles, the lower the peak value of the specific heat capacity, but the larger after 26 cycles due to the content of DNA duplexes increasing. The glass transition temperature of PCR system was -15.29 ℃。

Processing method of Fructus rhodomyrti wine was studied in this paper. The optimum technological parameters were determined by orthogonal design. The results showed that fermentation temperature was 25 ℃, the Bx of sugar was 24%, the content of citric acid was 6 g/L, and inoculum concentration was 0.21 g/L.

In this research, biotransformation technology of lutein esters was investigated. Transformation effect of lutein was discussed according to various factors such as the type of culture medium, original strains, shock culture or quiescent culture, pH value and inoculation amount. Qualitative and quantitative determination of free lutein was performance by dual-wavelength TLC scanning method. The results showed that the optimal parameters were: inoculating original strains C (Penicillium) 6 rings in the revulsive culture medium at pH 3, shocking culture 15 days, and the content of free lutein could reach 56.70% in biotransformation product from 0.25% in the material. Then biotransformation product could be purified by silica gel column chromatography. The appropriate parameters were obtained as follow: 0.5g sample each time, V (petroleum ether):V(ethyl acetate)=3:2 was used as the eluting solvent at the eluent rate of 3 ml/min. Then the content of free lutein can reach 90.20%.

To map the mimotopes of β-lactoglobulin from water buffalo milk, the specific rabbit antibody against buffalo β-lactoglobulin were used to pan the specific phage from a heptapeptide phage display library. The positive clones were identified by indirect ELISA and competitive ELISA. After fourth round enrichment , sixteen positive clones were obtained and five different clones peptide sequence were deduced by DNA sequencing. Compared with the known IgG epitopes of β-lactoglobulin, six epitopes have been identified, which are located at fragment 41～51(VYVEELKPIPE), fragment 51～64(EGDLEILLQKWENDE), fragment81～96(VFKIDALNE NKVLVLD), fragment 141～156(KALPMHIRLSFNPTQL), fragment127～136 (LNENKVLVLD) and fragment 145～159(MHIRLSFNPTQLEEQ respectively.

Ganoderma lucidum is one of notable medicinal fung, and it includes many kinds of physiological regulation factors. The effect of nutrient demands and environment conditions of Mountain Kunyu wild Ganoderma lucidum on the mycelial biomass were studied respectively by single factor and orthogonal test. The results showed that the optimum formula was starch 5%, beef extract 2%, KH2PO4 0.10% and MgSO4 0.01%, and the fermentation conditions were as follows: initial pH 5.5, fermentation cycle 6 d, rev 150 r/min and medium capacity 30 %.

The effects of different environmental factors on Nitzschia palea were studied in the paper. The findings indicated that Nitzschia palea better growth with CO(NH2)2 than other nitrogen source, and μmax and final cell concentration was 0.49 d-1 and 0.54 g/L respectively, 0.72 g/L and 0.15 mol/L NaCl was optimum for growth of N.palea. Results showed that cell concentration of N.palea increased as increase of the Na2SiO3 level. Light intensity was limiting key of N.pale and basic culture liquid was favor to the N.palea.

A simple and rapid method suitable for total RNA extraction of peanut seeds was described. The RNA acquired by this method had higher quality and meet the need of molecular biology experiments.

Effects of extraneous ethylene concentrations on astaxanthin accumulation in H.pluvialis were studied in this paper. After different ethylene concentrations were added into the vegetative green cells respectively, then H.pluvialis were cultivated under unfavorable growth conditions (24 h light cycle, 5000 lux, 25 ℃ and nutrition deficiency) to promote astaxanthin accumulation. In this stage, morphological changes of cells treated by different ethylene concentations were observed with optical microscopy. Astaxanthin content was determined with absorption spectral (OD490). Results showed that the astaxanthin accumulation can be promoted at 0.05 ml/L ethylene in large scale. The 0.05 ml/L treatment can quicken the astaxanthin accumulation 17 days in comparison with blank controls and increase the astaxanthin liquid production reaching 18.6 mg/L or 92.1% higher than blank controls. However, 0.1 ml/L ethylene will on the contrary inhibit H.pluvialis accumulate of astaxanthin. Besides, high content of ethylene (≥0.15 ml/L ethylene) will be fatally lethal to cells.

The manioc was fermented to produce alcohol. The conditions of the liquefaction process were detected. The optimum liquefaction conditions were: liquefaction pH5.0～6.0, the dosage of liquefaction enzyme 10 U/g, the liquefaction temperature 105 ℃ for 2 hours.

β-D-galactosidase was extracted from tea leaves. Single factor analysis and orthogonal experiment were adopted to obtain the optimal conditions for activity assay. The results showed that the activity ofβ-D-galactosidase can be greatest if it is investigated at 60 ℃ for 7 min with citrate-phosphate as buffer (pH4.0). The difference of β-D-galactosidase activities in tea species, seasons and tenderness were analyzed. It was found that there are obvious different activities between oolong tea and green tea species. At the same time, the activity diversity also exists in various seasons and leaf tenderness.

Xinjiang-hetian-jade-chinese Jujuba was used as raw material. The main processes and parameters which were scientific and practical for improving the quality of Chinese jujuba fermentation wine were studied. The SSC(soluble solid content) in Chinese jujuba juice is 20%, and the pH is 4.5; while the inoculation of 106 Saccharomyces ellipsodieus strain is suitable for fermentation of the Chinese jujuba wine. The concentration of SO2 in wine will affect the main fermentation time where as the optimun addition amount is 20 mg/L and the temperature for main fermentation is 22～28 ℃.

The production condition for glutathione by Saccharomyces cerevisiae CS10515 was investigated. The results showed that the medium composition was that, glucose 5%, yeast extract 1.2%, (NH4)2SO4 0.6%, MgSO4 0.02%, K2HPO4 0.1%. The optimal conditions for producing glutathione occured at initial pH6.0, broth volume 50%～60% and rotational speed 300 r/min. After 24 hours fermentation, the glutathione produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 90.20 mg/L.

The manioc flour was fermented to produce citric acid. The effects of fermenting temperature, initial sugar concentration, initial pH and liquid volume on the fermentation to produce citric acid were detected. The optimum fermenting conditions were: fermentation temperature 35 ℃, initial pH5.0, initial sugar concentration 12% and 50 ml of fermentation liquid volume. Under these conditions, the manioc flour and sugarcane molasses were mixed according to different proportions to ferment citric acid. The results showed the rate of 9:1 of manioc flour and sugarcane molasses was the best condition for mixed fermentationo fc itrica cid.

The reason that ice-nucleation active bacteria (INA) have ice nucleation active is the existence of ice-nucleation active proteins (INPs). It is difficult to purify the natural INPs. Erwinia herbicola 10025A was used in this research. Ice-nucleation active proteins of the 10025A can be acquired by ultrasonic treatment and gel filtration. Polymer molecular mass is approximately 150 kD according to SDS-PAGE.

The effects of cultivation conditions such as temperature, intial pH, and broth volume on the bioacitivities of the biotransformation products of EGB by Hericium erinaceus in shaking flask were further investigated. Results showed that the suitable culture temperature was 25～30 ℃, the optimal intial pH for biotransformation process was 5.5～6.5 in culture medium containing 0.5% EGB. Furthermore, adding the 10 g/L CaCO3 could also ehance the activity. The kinetics parameters of the biotransformation process were analyzed in fermenter scale. The best fermentation technology of 20 L fermentation tank were as follow: the aeration volume was 8 L/min before 72 h and 4.8 L/min after 72 h and agitation ration was 120r/min.

Raw material of two varieties wheat with 100% white wheat and 100% colored wheat was selected separately to manufacture the deviating high-temperature DaQu, it was compared that the differences of quality indexes between DaQu pieces of white wheat and colored wheat in change of temperature, losing of the moisture, consumption of the starch and forming of the acidity in the course of fermenting and cultivating the microorganism. The findings indicated that the quality dynamic indexes of DaQu piece of colored wheat was better than DaQu piece of white wheat in the course of fermenting and cultivating the microorganism, DaQu piece of colored wheat could meet the technological requirements of" slow intensification in earlier stage, steady temperature in middle period and decline in later stage" , the moisture could be discharged in time lying in the centre of DaQu piece, and the starch was consumed appropriately, the acidity formed was moderate. Therefore, under this experimental condition, colored wheat is more suitable than white wheat in manufacturing the deviating high temperature DaQu.

Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate importance of the selected fifteen internal factors to the growth of Getotrichum candidum and Aspergillus oryzae. Results showed that KCl, MgSO4, K2HPO4, NaNO3 and saccharose were the main factors affecting the growth of the multiple strains. In addition, the central composite design and response surface analysis were used to determine the optimal levels of the main factors. The optimized medium was determined as follows: saccharose 32.5 g/L, KCl 2.4 g/L, MgSO4 0.48 g/L, K2HPO4 1.5 g/L, NaNO3 4.0g/L and natural pH. Under these conditions, cell density of multiple strains can increase from 1.35 ×107 CFU/ml to 1.49×108 CFU/ml and time used to obtain maximal cell production decreases from 48 h to 32 h. The experimental data have validated the theoretical values.

The effects of lactoferrin and lactoferricin on Lactobacillus acidophilus growth were studied in this paper. The results showed that the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus was promoted when certain concentration of lactoferrin or lactoferricin was added to culture medium and cultured at 37 ℃. The optimal concentration of lactoferrin and lactoferricin were 2.5 mg/ml and 0.15 mg/ml, respectively. After cultured 26 h, the colony forming units were 6.7×108 CFU/ml and 8.0×108 CFU/ml, respectively.

In this paper, the key enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase were researched in the metabolism of xanthan gum by Xanthomonas campestris, Mg2+ and MoO42- in different concentrations were added into the reaction to explore the dynamic relationship between the fermentation time and the activities of key enzymes. The results showed that 0.5g/50ml Mg2+ in the fermentation mixture notably improved the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase while 0.20g/50ml MoO42- appreciably improved the activities of pyruvate kinase. The conclusion indicates that magnesium and molybdenum can obviously modulate G-6-PDH and PYK in Xanthomonas campestris respectively.

The cell-envelope proteinase (CEP) was a key-enzyme in proteolytic system of Lactobacillus helveticus. In this paper, the calcium-free method was used to purify the CEP, and the best method of purify CEP was found in this article. Cells were washed three times in 50 mmol/L Tris-HCl (pH7.10) containing 30 mmol/L CaCl2. The proteolytic activity was released from the washed cells by incubation of 50 mmol/L Tris-HCl (pH7.10), containing 45mmol/L EDTA-Na2 at 43 ℃. After 90 min of incubation, the cells were removed by centrifugation(4500r/min×20min, 4 ℃), CEP was in the supernatant. Specific activity of CEP was improved 1.8 times purified by DEAE Sepharose CL-6B.

Antigenotoxic activity against 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO)of Bfidobacterium and Lactobacillus isolated from faecal sample of elderly people was studied using the shortterm bacterial assay SOS-chromotest, with Escherichia coli PQ37(sfiA:: lacZ) as the tester organism. It was found that the genotoxicity of 0.1 mmol/L 4-NQO was reduced after coincubation with probiotics (108～109 CFU/ml). All isolates showed potential for deactivating of 4-NQO, and the inhibitory ability was strain specific. Lactobacillus salivarius 24DB 2JC, BCHONG, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BBMN BBMN1 and BBMN2 has the higher antigenotoxic ability as 92.91%, 88.55%,89.81%, 80.86% and 83.54% respectively. The possible mechanism was discussed primely.

A method was developed for the determination of eight kinds of sulfonamide residues (sausagessulfadiazine, sulfamonomethoxine,sulfamethoxazole, sulfamerazine, sulfamethoxydiazine, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfamethoxypyridazine and sulfadimidine)in casing by liquid chromatography-fluorescence. The sulfonamide residues in casing were extracted with 1% acetic acid /acetonitrile and cleaned up by n-hexane and derived with fluorescamine for LC analysis. Results showed that the calibration curve had good linear in the ranges of 2.00×102～5.00×102 ng/ml, and the correlation coefficients were 0.9982～0.9997 for 8 sulfonamides, respectively. The recovery of the method was 63.7%～87.8% at 5～50 ng/ml addition concentration, and the detection limit was 5 ng/ml.

Volatile components was extracted from Tylophora ovata (Lindl.) Hook.ex Steud.by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction. Extraction conditions were: extracting 3 h at 50 ℃, 35 MPa (pressure) and using 20 ml 95 % alcohol as modifier. The volatile components extracted were determined by gas chromatography with area normalization method and identified by gas chromatog- raphy mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The optimal chromatographic conditions were: HP-5 MSsilica capillary column (0.25 mm× 30 m×0.25μm); column temperature: 60℃( hold for 1 min) to 280 ℃ at a rate of 4 ℃/min, and hold for 10 min;split injection, 20:1; injector temperature 250 ℃. Thirty nine components were identified for the constituents extracted by SFE CO2.

The free and glycosidically bound volatile aroma compounds in pulp and peel of Glorious Oranges was separated by AmberliteXAD-2.And volatile aroma compounds were identified with GC-MS. The result showed that there were 31 and 33 kinds of free aroma compounds, 21 and 29 kinds of bound aroma compounds in pulp and peel of Glorious Oranges respectively. The aroma compounds in pulp mainly were hexanol, hexanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, butanoic acid, ethyl ester, decanal, Isocyclocitral, and the aroma compounds in peel mainly were linalool, trans-farnesol, δ-cadinene, citral and elemol etc.

In this research, orthogonal design test was planed with cinefaction temperature, cinefaction time and cinefaction pressure. Ghee power was digested by microwave digestion method. The contents of elements Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The best conditions for the digestion were gain as following temperature 200 ℃, pressure 15 atm and cinefaction for 5 minutes. Meanwhile, on the best experimental conditions, the recovery of the method was in range of 94.1%～105.1%, and relative standard deviation was in range of 0.41%～3.78% (n=6).

Content characteristics of polychlorinated organic pollutants (PCOPs) in vegetable were studied by using the method of field investigation and sampling, potted plant in glasshouse and laboratory analyses. Results showed that several PCOPs were detected in vegetables sampled from field, and the contents of chlorobenzene (CBs), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and dichloro- dipjenyl -trichloroethane (DDTs) in vegetables were 14.039±9.176, 7.412±6.096, 5.553±6.772 ng/g, respectively. The contents of PCOPs in garlic and cabbage were higher than others. The contents of PCOPs in potted vegetables were related with the contents of PCOPs in potted soil, and the contents of PCOPs in potted vegetables increased with increase of soil PCOPs.

In (CH2)6N4-HCl(pH5.8), buffer nickel(II)-3-thiazolyazo-5-amino phenol complex causes a sensitive polaro- graphic wave at the potential of -440 mV(vs. SCE). The 2nd-order derivative peak current was linear with nickel(II) concentration in the range of 0.05～7.00μg/ml (r=0.9992, n=10) with a detection limit of 0.02μg/ml. The recovery was between 95.0% ～103.5%. Several electrochemical methods are used to study the properties of the wave. It is proved to be an adsorptive wave of the nickel complex. The electrode process is an irreversible process, and the number of electron transfer is 2. The interference of diverse ions on the peak current was investigated. The proposed method has been applied to determine trace nickel in beverage and fruit with a satisfactory result.

A high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of thirteen sulfonamides residues in aquatic products(eels, longsnout catfish and langouste). The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, then cleaned up by n-hexane liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction. The residues were determined by high perfor- mance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and quantified by external standard method. The detection limits were 0.02mg/kg for sulfamethazine (SM2), sulfameter (SMT), sulfamonomethoxine(SMM), sulfachloropyridazine(SCP), sulfamethoxazole(SM-Z), sulfisoxazole(SIX), sulfadimethoxine(SDM) and sulfaquinoxaline(SQ), and 0.05 mg/kg for sulfadiazine(SD), sulfapyridine(SPD), sulfathiazole(ST), sulfamerazine(SM1) and sulfamethizole(STZ). The linear ranges were 0.1～5.0μg/ml. The average recoveries in spiked sample were 62%～97%.

For developing and making use of the product of okra better, the contents of nutrition components and the correlative active ingredients in okra are measured in this research. The results showed that 100 g dry okra tender fruit contains 22.98 grams of protein, 19.92 grams of sugar, 9.4 grams of fat, 2 grams of polysaccharide and 2.56 grams of flavones; 100 g dry ripe fruit contains 15.78 grams of protein, 9.48 grams of sugar, and 14.36 grams of fat, 1.1 grams of polysaccharide, and 1.48 grams of flavones. Along with the aging of the fruit, the content of protein, sugar, flavones and polysaccharide in okra are decreasing, on the contrary the fat content is increasing. Compares to ordinary vegetables. the content of protein, total sugar and polysaccharide in okra are abundant, and it is worth to growing, processing, and utilizing. In addition, the content of its caffeine in seeds is around 1%, which is so high that can be used as substitutes for coffee beans.

Aluminium salt spectrophotometry method was used to draw the standard curve of flavonoids. Through this method, the linear relationship was good, the precision was high, the reproducibility was good, the stability was reliable, the recovery rate was high, this method was very proper for the determination of the content of flavonoids. The regression equation of standard curve was: A=0.01421C+0.00014, the coefficient correlation(R) was 0.99902.

In this research, the conventional determination method of trace copper by sodium diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometry was improved. Using the differential spectrophotometry, the linear range was downward extended. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5～10.0 μg /10 ml ( R =0.9996). In determination of content of copper in rice, the recovery rate was about 96%～103%.

anthocyanidin in Vaccinium uliginosum L. is a kind of water-soluble flavanoid , which is great help to physiological functions of human beings. After a method was established to determine the content of anthocyanidin in Vaccinium uliginosum L., the content of anthocyanidin in different parts of Vaccinium uliginosum L. was studied respectively, furthermore, it laid a foundation for a further research on the purifying technology as well as the functional characteristics about Vaccinium uliginosum L. from Changbai Mountain in Jilin Province.

The lauroyl maltoses synthesized by lipase were separated and purified by the thin layer chromatography (TLC) and silica gel column chromatography, and then the purified products were analyzed by HPLC, MS, IR and NMR. The optimum conditions for TLC were confirmed: 5μl of the reaction mixture were applied to silica gel G plates, developed by chloroform- methanol (4:1, V/V), and then detected by spraying with 5% of sulfuric acid in ethanol and heated at 120 ℃ for 20 min. The optimum conditions for silica gel column chromatography were: 10 ml of the reaction mixture was applied to 12 mm×1000 mm silica gel column (100～200 mesh) and chloroform-methanol (4:1, V/V) was used as mobile phase, whose flow rate was 18 ml/h, the eluent of 1 tube /10 min was collected. The purified products were 6’-O- lauroyl maltoses and 6, 6’-O- lauroyl maltoses.

The total Se content and the Se content in the volatile compounds was determined respectively by the method of atomic absorption spectrometer for Paederia scandens. The volatile compounds of Paederia scandens were isolated with steam distillation,and identified by capillary GC-MS method. 33 volatile components were identified and determined, accounting for 91.76% of the total area of the peaks. The relative contents of the constituents were determined by area nomalization method. The main volatile compounds are: β-propiolactone, dimethyl sulphone, acetoin, analgin, 2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one,2,3- dimethyl, 3-buten-2-one, 4-butanediol monoacrylate, trans-1,2:4,5-diepoxy-p-menthane, N-methanesulfonylimidazole.

A capillary electrophoresis technique with electrochemical detection (CE-ED) for determination of tetracyclines (TC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) in eggs was described in this study. Effects of several factors, such as the pH value and concentration of running buffer, concentration of Tween-20, separation voltage, injection time and current potential applied to the working electrode, were investigated to find the optimum conditions. Well-defined separation of TC and OTC was achieved in the running sodium phosphate monobasic (pH 2.6). A carbon-disk electrode used as the working electrode exhibits good response at +1.20 V (vs. SCE(saturated calomel electrode)) for the analytes. The detection limits (S/N=3)for TC, OTC are 1.9×10-8 g/ml, 4.1×10-8 g/ml, respecratively.

Objective: An indirect competitive ELISA was developed by using anti- DON monoclonal antibody and coating antigen DON-BSA for detection of deoxynivalenol in wheat and corn. Methods: The best dilute concentrations of anti-DON monoclonal antibody and coating antigen were obtained by matrix titration experiment. Methodology of ELISA kit was also studied to ascertain qualifications. Results: The detection limits was 10μg/L. and the linear range of the inhibition curve was 10～500μg/L. The mean coefficients of variation was 5.8%, and mean recovery rate of DON in the samples was 104%. The detection could be finished within 2h. The kit has more than six months stationery phase during 4℃ storage. Conclusion: This ELISA method was verified to be rapid, safe, sensitive, repeatable, specific for DON detection.

The total flavone were examined in the dissepiment of walnut. It was made use of cent light intensity of light method, The structure expresses that the total flavonoid content is 6.259%(62.59 mg/ g). The microelements was made use of the flames atom absorb.Ten kinds of microelements’content are as follows: Na 5.69×102μg/g, K 6.95×103μg/g, Ca 6.22×102μg/g, Mg 6.10×102μg/g, Zn 6.10μg/g, Fe 1.20×102μg/g, Cu 2.03μg/g, Co <0.05μg/g, Ni 6.10μg/g, Mn 16.27μg/g.

To" 5 leaf honey of EnShi"of Gynostemma which contains the sweetness of material, using ultrasound, ZTC1+1 botained agent, SephadexG-10 gel chromatography extraction and separation technologies, high pure sweet substances, then on quality mass spectrometer to detect molecular weight and molecular elements contained in the type and quantity estimation and molecular formula. Preliminary study of the substance is not sucrose, glucose, but the molecular weight of 251.1393, the greatest possible C13H19N2O3 formula of the material.

POV value is an important parameter for nuts qulity evaluation. In this paper, some factors influencing the POV detemimation were studied. The results showed that the extraction time of oil from nuts could cause the value varied greatly and the POV values would increase with the time lasting shorter. The better time was 8 hours in this test. The volatilization temperature of solvent has no obvious effect on the POV values. But in the extracted oil the residual solvent content was different caused by the extraction temperature, the higher temperature the lower residual solvent content. The sample oil should be weighted at the room temperature, and the error would increase with the temperature increasing.

Cladonia furcata is Cladonia furcata genus Cladonia furcata section’s lichen in lichens plants, Usnic acid is one of its main ingredients. Based on the experimental evidence, Usnic acid soluble in chloroform and acetone, and Usnic acid with KOH react show yellow in Lichens’s color reaction; Usnic acid add the mixture of KOH and NaCl react show dark-yellow. Usnic acid show yellow oblique prism crystallization in the acetone liquors, and in the methanol solvent show yellow needle crystallization, and in the ethanol solvent show yellow needle crystallization. Using the benzene-ethanol mixtures (l:1) can make the compound is extracted from the Methanol and ethano, and can obtain pure crystallization of usnic acid. By measuring the active ingredients of Cladonia furcata, we can know that such plants for the future of application development will provide a scientific basis.

The genome DNAs of Salmonella and some control bacteria were extracted by CTAB/NaCl method. The multiplex PCR methods detecting synchronously among Salmonella genus special genes such as hut gene(495bp), hilA gene(490bp), invA gene(284bp) and hns gene(152bp) were developed by optimizing the concentration of primers and the unit of Taq DNA polymerase, and the detection limits were tested. The results showed that the detection results by multiplex PCR methods developed were same as expect, and the detection limits of the duplex PCR was same as those of single PCR, while those of triplex PCR were declined.

After being extracted by acetonitrile, cleaned by n-hexane liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extration(SPE), fifteen sulphonamides residues in animal tissues could be separated on Agilent C18 column using acetonitrile - 0.02% H3PO4 with gradient elution as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, and then simultaneously detected at 268 nm, the column temperature was at 30 ℃. The recovery rates of sample were in the range of 80.9%～92.3%, fifteen sulphonamides residues could be separated completely ,which proved to be accurate and reliable.

The aging mice that made by D-galactose were feed by different concentrations of Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Se-enrich R. palustris. The results showed that Se-enriched R. paalustris had strong capacity to reduce hepatic cells injury. Karyon, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum of cells organelle could be renovated and protected. The capacity of hepatic cells organella and anti- oxidation capacity of the aging mice also could be improved.

Objective: To study on the reducing effect of curcumin on mouse liver injury caused by alcohol and fat. Methods: 30 mice were randomly divided into three groups, namely control, model and trial groups. The trail group was gastriclly administered with alcohol and curcumin plus high-fat feed. The mode group was administered only with alcohol plus high-fat diet to induce liver-damage. The control group was fed with ordinary daily diet. After four weeks, liver and serum were collected from tested animals. The MDA, GSH of homogenized liver tissues and the ALT, AST and LDH of serum were assessed. Results: In comparison with mode, a significant increase happened to GSH(p<0.05) but ALT and AST reducing (p<0.05) while MDA and LDH of trial group exhibited no significant difference. Conclusion: Curcumin can reduce liver injury.

The effects of yogurt containing hydrolysates of lactoferrin, hydrolysates of lactoferrin and lactoferricin on the lymphoproliferation activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and spleen cells were studied. The results showed that there exists different immunity stimulations of yogurt containing hydrolysates of lactoferrin, hydrolysates of lactoferrin and lactoferricin, in which lactoferricin has the strongest immunity stimulation.

L-malate, an important organic acid on the process of metabolism, plays an important role in generating mitochondria ATP(adenosine triphosphate). To investigate the effects of L-malate on activities of ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) in different tissues of aged rats, Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, each group consisting of 6 animals. L-malate was orally administrated via intragastric canula for 30 days, then the rats were sacrificed and the liver and heart were removed to determine the activities of ALT and AST. Activities of ALT and AST in liver of aged rats decreased compared with control young rats. The activities of ALT in liver of aged rats were enhance (p<0.05) 41.98% by L-malate administration. Our data indicate that enzyme metabolism of liver in aged rats was strengthened by dietary supplementation with L-malate.

The toxic effect of PQ on rats and fetus was studied in this paper. The results indicated that PQ cannot induce germinal mutation at the dose of 1/10 LD50, 1/5 LD50 and 1/2 LD50 and also cannot enhance the rat’s spermatic activity ratio or induce gential toxicity on rats at the dose of 1/40 LD50, 1/20 LD50 and 1/10 LD50. But PQ can affect the activity of AKP(ALP) by digestive tract at these doses; PQ can induce contraction of DA of embryo showing that PQ has embryonic toxicity; with the dose increasing, the inner diameter of DA decreasing, indicating that there is dose-reaction relationship between the dose and inner diameter of DA.

Objective: To study the effect of Semen Plantaginis polysaccharidesm on defecating function in constipated mice. Methods: Male Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, model control group, positive control group and 3 dosages groups. Mice of 3 dosages groups were administered with different concentrations of polysaccharides from Semen Plantaginis (0.1, 0.2, 0.4g/kg bw) by mouth for 8 days; mice of control group and model control group were administered with distilled water of 20 ml/kg bw for 8 days; the mice of positive control group were administered with Maren Wan of 1.0 g/kg bw for 8 days. Then the time for the first black feces to be excreted and the number mice feces within 5 hours was observed, water percent of mice feces and ink propelling rates was mensurated. Results: Semen Plantaginis Polysaccharides could markedly shorten the time for the first black feces to be excreted, Increased the number of mice feces within 5 hours. Water percent of mice feces and ink propelling rates were markedly increased too. Conclusion: Semen Plantaginis polysaccharides has the effect ofd efaecation.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Semen Plantaginis polysaccharides on the phenotypic and endocytosis of murine dendritic cells. Methods: Imature BMDCs were generated in vitro from the murine bone marrow cells in the presence of rmGM-CSF and rmIL-4, while mature DCs were obtained by cultivation of immature DCs with LPS or polysaccharides. We analyzed the morphological characterization under microscopy, analyzed the cell surface marker of CD11c and MHC II and uptake FITC-dextran by flow cytometric. Results: Treatment with polysaccharides for 40h resulated in the enhanced cell-surface expression of CD11c and MHC II on DCs, and at the the concentration (0～50μg/ml) was in a does-dependent up-regulation the percentage of CD11c and MHC II double positive DCs. And the endocytosis was decrease compared with untreated. Especially, PS3 had a significant effect that the percentage of double-stained cells (PE-CD11c×FITC-dextran) was 11.53%. Conclusions: The Semen Plantaginis polysaccharides could up-regulation the percentage of CD11 and MHC II double positive DCs, and decresae the endocytosis, which indicated that the polysaccharides could induce maturation of murined endritic cells.

Objective: To investigate the regulate effects of Polysaccharides isolated from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskjk (PCP)on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC) in vitro. Methods: MTT method was used to observe the effects of PCP, which were acquired by different extraction methods, on the HeLa and HUVEC cells respectively at different concentration. Results: PCP I and II can both inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells extremely (p<0.01) at the concentration of 50, 100, 200, 400μg/ml. PCP I and II can influence the growth of HUVEC cells, but Inhibition of cell proliferation was not sharp; PCP can’t influence the growth of HUVEC cells at the concentration which the inhibitory rate of PCP is the most distinct on HELA cells (200μg/ml). Conclusions: PCP can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells, and it can’t influence the growth of HUVEC cells at the concentration which the inhibitory rate of PCP is the highest on HeLa cells.

The changes of quality of the Feicheng-peache treated by 0.1g/L SA and 0.12/L 1-MCP during storage were studied at room temperature 22～24℃ and low temperature (6±2)℃. The results showed that at room temperature, the firmness, contents of total soluble solids and the contents of acid of the Feicheng-peaches were inhibited by the two solvents, and the effects 1-MCP were more obvious. On chilling storage condition the firmness of Feicheng-peaches tread by the above two solvent reduced, content of VC, increased and quality preservation time was prolonged.

Kinetics of non-enzymatic browning in hemi-dried litchi fruits during 11 weeks were investigated. Hemi-dried litchi fruits were stored at -20℃, 3℃ or 40℃. Color changes were assayed by browning index (A280nm, A420nm) and the CIE-Lab color system. Browning level of hemi-dried litchi fruits stored at different temperatures with vacuum and no-vacuum packages increased according to a zero-order reaction kinetic. Activation energy for it was 54.51 J/mol and 52.17 J/mol, respectively. And color formation(ΔE) followed zero-order reaction kinetic, too. Activation energy was 38.49 J/mol and 38.41J/mol, respectively. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural(5-HMF) concentration, in hemi-dried litchi fruits ranged from 78.63 to 2050.49μg/5 g according to storage temperature changes. Package form was not the main factor of affecting color formation and 5-HMF accumulation during storage period of hemi-dried litchi fruits. Evaluated from the color of products, the hemi-dried litchi fruits would lose their commercial value when they are stored for over 4 weeks at room temperature.

In this paper, effects of high CO2 postharvest treatment on browning relative aspects of Chinese chestnuts (Castanea mollissima Blume.’Yanhong’) harvested from Huairou, Beijing were studied. 20 kg chestnut of each treatment was put into a big glass jar and treated with gas flow (40%～50% CO2, 3%～5% O2) for 3 and 5 days respectively at 20℃. Changes of browning relative aspects were analyzed at 0, 5, 10 days during shelf-life after treatment. It was showed that high CO2 treatment was a positive way to control browning of Chinese chestnuts. High CO2 treatment could decrease tannic content markedly after treatment, but it was not evidently in central layer cotyledon and interlayer cotyledon in later shelf life. Total phenol was lower than CK in cotyledon ectosexine, but it was higher than CK in central layer cotyledon and interlayer cotyledon when just finished the treatment. It was not evidently in the later shelf life. High CO2 treatment inhibited PPO activity and the activity markedly lower than CK during the whole shelf-life in three parts. It also reduced POD activity, but just in early shelf-life days. High CO2 treatment could reduce MDA content. The treatment of 3 days was preferably kept good integrality of membrane system. Considering all indexes synthetically, high CO2 treatment for 3 days better than 5 days.

The mid ripening species "Okuba" and late ripening species "Lvhua 9" were treated with ethanol at the concentrations of 0,1,2 ml/kg peach to study changes of quality at different temperatures (10±1℃and 0±1℃) respectively. Results showed that ethanol treatments are good for maintaining high firmness and suitable titratable acid of two specific varieties peach at two differentt emperatures.T he1 m l/kgt reatmentsi ncreased" Lvhua9 "t itratable acid significantlyd uringt hes helf-life aftert he storage at 0±1℃. Ethanol treatments improved "Lvhua 9" fruit color. The 2 ml/kg treatments increased "Lvhua 9" surface brightness, improved red turning and reduced background color. Ethanol treatments also increase its soluble solids content at 10±1℃ storage. 1 and 2 ml/kg treatments both reduced rot rates and browning in two peaches cultivar. Sensory evaluation indicated that 1 ml/kg treatments retain preferable fruit flavor of the two peaches cultivar.

Based on one new preservation solution which is made from carboxymethyl chitosan and sucrose for cut Gerbera flower, an effective research of preservative effect for extending vase life of cut gerbera flower is proposed in this paper, which is by exploring the percentage of moisture, pH and relative permeability of velamen to the petal organizations. Experimental results show that, the vase life of cut Gerbera flower treating with 1.0% carboxymethyl chitosan and 2.0% sucrose is 3d longer than the objecto f reference.

sodium benzoate (5 g/L), hydrogen peroxide (50 ml/L), sodium hypochlorite (0.01% activity chlorine) and ultrasonic (frequency 20 kHz) were used to washing fresh-cut Vigna sinensis with the sterile deionized water as the contrast. The weightlessness rate, respiration rate, PPO activity, browning degree, content of chlorophyll and total sugar, dissoluble protein, total bacteria count were determined to evaluate the washing effect. The results indicated that the hydrogen peroxide can control the growth of bacteria effectively, but destroy the appearance quality easy; The sodium hypochlorite can not only control the growth of bacteria effectively, but also maintain a good appearance quality, and it can prolong the shelf-life of fresh-cut Vigna sinensis to 9～12days.

Garlic stems from eight zones were used to assay the freezing point and contents of both soluble solids and water of its whole stem and its upper, middle and lower part. The relationship among them was also investigated to provide theory proof for garlic stem storage. The results showed that the freezing point and content of soluble solids are significant in correlationship while contents of water and freezing point or contents of soluble solids are also significant in correlationship. Index value of middle part is near to whole stem, so sampling on middle part is qualified. There are great differences of garlic stems from different species and zones.

A review was made on the latest research advances of the physical change of food ingredients in ultrasonic field. Researches on the physical changes of typical food ingredients, such as lipid, protein, enzyme and starch and so on, were introduced. Promising application fields and the curious and expected development were predicted.

By analyzing and reviewing some modern analytical techniques (mainly including GC-MS, electronic nose and electronic tongue, etc.) in sensory evaluation of liquor, the equipments have advantages of consistency and objectivity. Although the sensor selection, data analysis, database and other complex issues remain to be unsolved, based on the development of integrated equipment, the inevitable trend of sensory evaluation of liquor is more quantitative, standardized and objective.

The immunomicrosphere technology, which has developed rapidly in recent years, has been plentifully used in food safety field. The article introduced the immunomicrosphere on its nature, characteristic, development, and the application in detection of food safety.

Brewery processing wastewater is a kind of organic wastewater with high concentrations. Progresses on the treatment of brewery wastewater were introduced, and the technological process of the brewery wastewater treatment methods, their advantages and disadvantages were also discussed.

The structure of intelligent food sensory evaluation system was stated. The theory , features and problems of the pattern recognition methods applied for food sensory evaluation including correlation analysis methods , ANNs and SVMs and so on were analysed. In addition, some suggestions and assumptions about pattern recognition methods applied for constructing food sensory evaluation system were advanced.

As a high performance sample treatment measure, IAC can greatly improve the analysis capability. This paper covers the basic principle of IAC, characteristics of it and applications of IAC in food safety monitoring and gives the perspective of IAC in the future.

By reviewing development history of military fodd, summarizing its development situation and analyzing foreign military food characteristics, this paper brought forward five proposals for Chinese military fodd development such as improving material, increasing mutrition, adopting new-fashioned and advanced techniques, improving product shape and enhancing product function in consideration of Chinese customs and requirement of advanced technology war.

Angiotensin convert enzyme (ACE) plays an important physiologic role in the blood pressure regulation. Specific inhibition effects of ACE have shown itself to be useful as antihypertensive drugs. The paper reviewed the antihypertensive principle, separation and purification, activity determination methods and the latest domestic and international research progress of the ACE inhibitory peptides, and their wide developmental prospects were forecasted.

Many countries have paid great attentions to nitrofuran antibiotics due to their intense toxicity and carcinogenic effect. Nitrofuran has poor stability inside the animals. Its metabolites can bind the protein to form steady compound. So the determination results of nitrofuran metabolites are very essential. This paper introduced furazolidone, nitrofurazone, furantoin and furaltadone as the basic constituents of nitrofuran. The paper laid emphasis on the kinds, the toxicity and the harms of nitrofuran metabolites, AOZ(3-amino-2-oxazolidinone), AMOZ(3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone), SEM(semicarbazide) or AHD(1-Aminohydantoin hydrochloride). At present the common determination methods are HPLC-UV(high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet), LC-MS(high performance liquid chromatographer/mass spect rum), LC-MS/MS and ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Different elements, applying range, peculiarities of various methods had been compared and ELISA was emphasized particularly on. The paper also made individual suggestions to the deficiency concerned with the determination standards of nitrofuran metabolites in China nowadays.

Polypeptide-Fe is a good source of iron and of antioxidation function, but only ferrous iron can be absorbed by digestive system directly. Iron products by different system of manufactures are different, so the ferrous iron amounts and antioxidation function of the products are different.

Many kinds of natural polysaccharides are concerned for their important biological activities. The effects of antitumor and strengthening immunity, antioxidation, reducing glycemia and antivirus of polysaccharids were studied and reported everywhen. This paper summarized the hypoglycemic and antilipemic activities of 18 kinds of plant polysaccharides studied in China within latest1 0y ears.

Cross-linking of proteins by transglutaminase can modify their structure and functional properties, therefore, transglutaminase have good application in food industry. The role mechanism and effects of transglutaminase on functional properties of milk proteins were introduced. In this paper, the application of transglutaminase in yoghurt was also presented.

Among the different original raw material starch, amylose content is mainly controlled by genetic factors (wx gene, du gene), besides, some external factors also affect the amylose content in the original starch. This article analyzes the amylose nature, separation method as well as each kind of inside and outside factors to the amylose content percentage, the production rate. This article provides some useful basis to the effectively controlled crops amylose content in the agricultural production. The article finally studied the amylose application and made a summary of the existing question at present.

Lactic acid is extensively used in food, agriculture, feed, pharmaceutical and commodity industries. Now there are emerging uses as a potential feedstock for the biodegradable polymer industry and there are the potential of becoming a very large volume. The microorganisms breeding being used for lactic acid fermentation, the raw materials, the various novel fermentation processes and its processing methods have been reviewed. It is hotspot of all the world attention to develop new technology to produce high optically pure,high yield and high product titers L-lactic acid.

This paper analyzes the development situation and problems, discusses the cause and solution of the problems, probes into the necessity and possibility setting up national standard of functional food, and puts forward some proposals about establishing national standard of functional food in China.

The basic principles of the continuous countercurrent extraction are reviewed. The apparatuses of trough type, spiral type, folded type are introduced. The present application of the continuous countercurrent extraction in fruits and leaves is also described. Finally, the union of the continuous countercurrent extraction, the microwave-assisted extraction and the ultrasound- assisted extraction is discussed. And the assumption, union of multifrequency ultrasound and continuous countercurrent, union of microwave and continuous countercurrent, the union of the three extraction technologies was advanced.

The oleanolic acid extracted from the fruit and the leaf of Chinese flowering quince is an important active component, has various medical functions. In this article, advances in extraction, detection, physiological activity, application and prospect of oleanolic acid from Chinese flowering quince were introduced and discussed. Reasonable exploitation and the application have been provided the scientific basis for oleanolic acid from Chinese flowering quince.

Lichens are a world-wide spread consortium of fungal and photosynthetic partners. Lichens produce a wide array of both primary and secondary metabolites (lichen substances). The lichen substances may be classified into the following groups: aliphatic lichen substances, aromatic lichen substances and carbohydrates (polysaccharides). Lichen metabolites exert a wide variety of biological actions including antibiotic, antimycobacterial, antiviral, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects. This paper mainly reviews research progress of studies on biological activities of lichens secondary metabolites including chemistry of lichen substances, the possible roles of lichens secondary metabolites in nature and biological activities of lichens secondary metabolites particular attention is paid to some secondary metabolites of lichens, focusing on a number of its biological activities in different fields.

This paper started from the concept of traceability and studied the system of food safe examination traceability and its function to inquire into the accuracy and efficacy that food safety examination could result with reliability. Food safe examination result validity comes result reliability. The result comes reliably from the commensurability. The result commensurability comes from in the food safe examination may trace to the source. Speaking of a country, all examination result all should trace to the source in the national datum (or standard); Speaking of world, then should trace to the source in the international datum (either standard) or the corresponding agreement standard.

In order to santisfy the needs of rapid and exact bacterial detection methods in foods, new methods and techniques, including rapid biology and chemical detection method, immunology technique, metabology technique, biosensor technique, flow cytometer (FCM) technique, PCR technique, gene probe technique and biochip technique are introduced, and effect significance of these techniques on food bacterial security are reviewed in this paper.

The analytical process, characteristics and principles of Near-infrared spectroscopy are introduced briefly. Several effective analysis methods of NIRS are discussed. The foreign and domestic survey of the recent researches on tea was expatiated. The future research trends were presented and analyzed.

Using Eucommia ulmoides Oliv leaves and garlic as primary materials and adding other complements, a kind of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv Leaves and garlic complex beverage was prepared by optimizing the formula and technique. The results showed that the quantities of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv leaves juice, garlic juice, sugar and lemon acid had great effects on the quality of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv Leaves and garlic complex beverage. When the formula was 10% Eucommia ulmoides Oliv leaves juice, 8% garlic juice, 10% sugar and 0.25% lemon acid, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv Leaves and garlic complex beverage could be obtained with good taste, special flavor, stable quality and healthy function.

In this research, emulsifying pigskin was made by the micro-thinning processing. When the pigskin emulsified was addedi ntoc hickenm eatball,i tc ouldn oto nlyi ncreaset heo utturnr ateo fp roduct,b uta lsoi mprovet hee lasticity,s licec haracteristics and mouthfeel of the product. The formula of quick freezing chicken meatball added pigskin emusified was studied by single-factor and orthogonal test. The formula was determined: chicken 40.0%, chicken skin 1.5%, emulsified pigskin 10.0%, seasoning 3.7%, compound phosphate 0.3%, starch(proportion of potato to corn 3:2)7.5%, soybean tissue protein 5.0%, soybean separation protein 2.0% and icesludge 30.0%.

The processing and fermentation techniques of Fructus clausenae Lanii wine were studied in this paper, and the optimum fermenting technical conditions were determined. The results showed that the optimum fermenting conditions were: temperature 20 ℃,inoculation 0.15 g/L,the Bx 22% and pH3.06.

With buckwheat as auxillary material wort was prepared. According to effects of enzyme addition amount, adding stage, reacting time and auxillary material addition amount on the content of sugar and the content of a-amino nitrogen, orthogonal test was performed to optimize the conditions of wort preparation. The optimum conditions were as follows: enzyme addition amount 0.30%, adding at low-temperature stage of soak, reaction time 20 min and buckwheat addition amount 30%. Under thses conditions, wort with 11oP or 14oP was obtained, and then could obtained the buckwheat beer. Analysis results showed that the final product had good sensory and physical and chemical indicators.

With Chinese goosebeery as a major raw material, and carrageenan and gelatin as the main colloidal substances, the fruit jelly developed with high nutritional value, good sensory properties and health function. By single test and orthogonal test, the optimum ratio of carrageenan to gelatin. Chinese goosebeery fruit jelly macaque, the color production process and formula, etc. were studied. The optimum formula is: Chinese goosebeery fruit juice 9%, carrageenan 0.7%, gelatin 0.1%. CMC-Na 0.2%, sugar 12%, sodium cyclamate 1%, citric acid 0.3%, sodium citrate 0.15% and approciate flavor.

The hawthorn-orange-milk sugar uses fresh and orange skin for the main sauce on the basic traditional milk sugar, meanwhile, it is the new sugar products to strengthen dietary fiber. This article is certain of the preparation plan, the best match and the standard production parameter from ingredient and production technology and so on.