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15 February 2006, Volume 27 Issue 2
Muscle Changes of Non-protein Nitrogen and Free Amino Acids During Jinhua Ham Processing
ZHAO Gai-Ming, ZHOU Guang-Hong, LIU Yan-Xia, XU Xing-Lian, HOU Yong-Xin
2006, 27(2):  33-37. 
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Sixty experimental Jinhua hams were processed according to typically traditional processing technology with fresh hams from hind legs of local cross pigs of Lanxi, Zhejiang Province. Time-related concentration changes of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and free amino acids (FAA) in biceps femoris during processing were assayed. The results showed that muscle NPN and FAA contents increased gradually during processing. The fastest increase of NPN content occurred during post aging and sun- drying periods, while FAA content increased most quickly at the loft-aging stage. The proteolysis indexes (P.I.) of the final Jinhua ham products were 14 to 20. More than 70% of NPN in final ham muscle was composed of FAA among which Arg, Glu, Leu, Lys, Ala and Val were dominant in concentration. The total content of FAA in Jinhua ham was 13.8 folds of that in prior-salting ham and the contents of most FAA were 5 to 20 folds higher than that in prior-salting hams, with Lys, Asp, Ser, Tyr and Ile being the FAA with relatively high increase rates. Since the concentrations of most FAA in final products were several times of their corresponding sensory thresholds, the FAA might have make an important contribution to the formation of Jinhua ham flavor.
Determination and Some Properties of Polysaccharide from Porphyra yezoensis
ZHOU Cun-Shan, MA Hai-Le
2006, 27(2):  38-42. 
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The refined polysaccharide was obtained from Porphyra yezoensis by ways as follows: degreasing, extraction, removing protein, ethanol precipitation, ultra-filtration and decoloring. Then, assayed by means of Molish and Fehling reaction, the intrinsic viscosity was obtained by diluting analysis in sequent order, and the contents of sulfate group assayed by Dodgson’s method. The contents of polysaccharide in Porphyra yezoensis were assayed by phenol-sulfuric acid method. Mean while the polysaccharide vs. galactose, or the converting factor was also made certain. The results showed that the method is simple, accurate and stable in 3h. Average recovery rate of the polysaccharide was 98.26% with 4.77% of RSD(n=5). The converting factor was 1.35. Excellent linearity appeared from 18.32μg to 54.96μg, with r=0.99945. With moderate intrinsic viscosity, [η] =34.26× 10-3ml/g, rather high contents of sulfate group were obtained as 21.63±0.11%(n=2).
1-甲基环丙烯; β-环糊精; 热分解反应机理; 热重法; 非等温动力学;
HE Yi, SUN Ting
2006, 27(2):  42-45. 
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 The inclusion complex of β-CD and 1-MCP was subjected to programmed heating process and weight-temperature data were recorded by thermogravimetric analyzer. Probable decomposition kinetics parameters were suggested by means of Satava-Sestak method, Ozawa method and Kissinger method as well. And kinetics parameters were obtained, too. The experi- mental result showed that the decomposition kinetics model forβ-CD and 1-MCP was stochasticly becoming stone with succedent growth, while the activating energy was 102.14kJ/mol, with pre-exponential factor as 3.63×1010. The kinetic equation of thermal decomposition is expressed as: dα/dT = [(A / φ)exp(- E / RT)]·[3(1-α)[- ln (1-α)]1/3/ 2.
Study on the Properties of Three Kinds of Banana Starch
ZHAO Guo-Jian, BAO Jin-Yong, YANG Gong-Ming
2006, 27(2):  46-49. 
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Starch is one of the main compositions of banana. The structure and characteristics of banana starch would affect the processing technology of banana. They would not only reflect the banana characteristics, but also become one of the research goals of the starch family. In this paper the properties of three kinds of banana starch were studied, including size, surface structure, polarization cross, X-ray diffraction pattern and crystallization structure etc. This study is used as theoretical basis for the research and development of the banana food.
Purification and Properties of Alcohol Acetyltransferase from Hanseniaspora valbyensis
FAN Li, XU Yan, WANG Dong
2006, 27(2):  49-53. 
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Phenethyl acetate, one of the major characteristic aroma compounds in apple wine, was synthesized by the condensation of acetyl-CoA and phenethyl alcohol under the catalysis of alcohol acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.84).The enzyme was dissolved from the cell membrane fraction of Hanseniaspora valbyensis, by 1% Triton and then purified by three steps of chromatographic separations: DEAE Sepharose, Sephadex G-75 and Octyl Sepharose. The purified enzyme had a single band on a SDS polyacrylamide gel, and its molecular mass was estimated to be about 37kD. The optimal temperature and pH for the purified AATase activity were 30℃ and pH7.0 respectively. It was stable between pH7.0 and pH8.0, but unstable at temperatures above 10℃. The activity was strongly inhibited by heavy metal ions such as Hg2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, but slightly stimulated by Mg2+ and slightly inhibited by EDTA and Mn2+. The enzyme catalyzes the esterification of other alcohol with acetyl-COA to form acetate ester, but shows specificity to form phenethyl acetate.
Effect of Medium Components on Xanthan Gum Ratio from Ice-nucleation Active Bacteria of Xanthomonas ampelina TS206
LI Hong-Yan, CHEN Qing-Sen, YAN Ya-Li, CUI Wei, LIU Lei
2006, 27(2):  54-57. 
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Different carbon source, nitrogen source and inorganic salts in medium affected the cell growth, the ice nucleation activity and the xanthan gum ratio. Maltose,sorbitol and sucrose were beneficial to the producing of ice nucleative protein, and the gum ratio of maltose and sorbitol was less than the other carbon source obviously .Peptone and corn steep liquor could be served as good nitrogen source.Inorganic nitrogen source was not suitable for the only nitrogen source,but if addition of optimum KNO3 in peptone,the cell growth and the ice nucleation activity could be improved distinctively,but at the same time accelerated the synthesis of xanthan gum. A proper amount of mineral compounds could promote the cell growth and the synthesis of the ice nucleative protein, but could not depress the gum ratio effectively.
Assay Study on Glass Transition Temperature of Solutions in Freeze-drying
Zuo-Jian-Guo, HUA Ze-Zhao, LIU Bao-Lin, ZHOU Guo-Yan, XU Yi
2006, 27(2):  58-60. 
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In order to examine the effects of cooling rate and solute composition on the glass transition temperature of tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA)/sucrose/water ternary system, a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was employed to study the freezing properties of the ternary system. The experimental results showed that the increase of cooling rate would result in the apparent decrease of Tg’. For 10% TBA /10 %sucrose /water solution, the value of Tg’ is -42℃ when the cooling rate is greater than 10℃/min. When the ratio of TBA to sucrose is less than 0.2, TBA cannot crystallize during cooling.
Preparation of Soy Protein-Polysaccharide Conjugates Obtained by Dry-heated Storage and Reaction Mechanism Study (Ⅱ) The Improvement of Function Properties of Protein-Polysaccharide Conjugates
QI Jun-Ru, YANG Xiao-Quan, LIAO Jin-Song, PENG Zhi-Ying
2006, 27(2):  61-64. 
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 Functional properties of Soybean acid precipitated protein(SAPP)-dextran conjugate were studied systematically. It showed that the excellent emulsifying properties of SAPP-dextran conjugate were maintained evenly at pH3.0 and were further improved at pH 10.0. In addition, the emulsifying properties of SAPP-dextran conjugate were changed slightly by preheating the conjugate at 100℃ or with high concentration salt. SAPP-dextran conjugate was analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) during dry-heating storage for 5 days. It further proved that new compound obtained by protein was conjugated with polysaccharide. The new product is having high temperature of denaturation, almost 2 times higher than the original SAPP.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Caseins by Two Different Proteases and Their Effect on Functional Properties of Resulting Protein Hydrolysates
SINDAYIKENGERA Sé verin, XIA Wen-Shui
2006, 27(2):  64-71. 
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Sodium caseinate (88.03% protein based on dry weight) was hydrolyzed by Alcalase 2.4L and Protamex to 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% degree of hydrolysis (DH) respectively. Sodium caseinate and its hydrolysates were analyzed, compared and used for measuring some functional properties. All hydrolysates were different from intact sodium caseinate in protein, moisture, and ash content. Free amino groups increased through the course of hydrolysis and the increase was related to DH. From HPLC data, the produced peptides had smaller molecular sizes and their average molecular weight (Mw) was below 8103Da. Mw decreased as the DH increased while all the resulting peptides after 15% DH showed 20% DH showed Mw below 5043 Da for both alcalase 2.4L and protamex. Protein solubility increased with increasing DH and all hydrolysates were from 84.8%~98% soluble between pH4.0~5.0 at 10%~20% DH. This result indicated solubility improvement of sodium caseinate at its isoelectric pH. All hydrolysates showed poor emulsifying and foaming properties comparatively to the unmodified sodium caseinate even if they formed high initial foam levels (59.03±0.15ml to 43.12±0.67ml). The global amino acid compositions did not differ signifi- cantly between the different hydrolysates and they were very close among sodium caseinate and its hydrolysates.
Study of Extraction Cellualse by Reverse Micellar System of Gemini Cationic Surfactant
XU Lin-Mei, XU Hu-Jun, LU Qing-Song, WANG Zhong-Cai
2006, 27(2):  72-76. 
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The extraction capability was studied when cellulase was extracted by reverse micellar system of gemini cationic surfactant, propilidene-1,3-bis (dimethyl -tetradecylacyloxyethylammonium bromide (Ⅱ-14-3 ), in order to study reverse micellar system of new surfactant for enzyme extraction The effects of pH, strength of ion , category of ion, the ratio of auxiliary solvent, the ratio of solvent, the concentration of enzyme and the concentration of surfactant and auxiliary surfactant (phosphatidalcholine) were systematically investigated. It was found that the best conditions for extracting the cellulase were: [NaCl]=50mmol/L, [Ⅱ-14-3]=0.3mmol/L, pH6.4, C0=0.14 and S=1.0 with the yield of extracted E as 80%. The activity of the enzyme was 93.38% that of crude enzyme after extraction. If phosphatidalcholine(PC) was added in reverse micellar system of gemini cationic surfactant(Ⅱ-14-3 ), ([Ⅱ-14-3]/[PC]=36:1), the yield of extracted E was 90% and the activity of the enzyme was 121.41% that of crude enzyme after extraction. The results could be explained by microcosmic structure of reverse micelle.
Rheological Properties of Artemis sphaerocephala Krasch Gum
LIU Dun-Hua, GU Wen-Ying
2006, 27(2):  76-80. 
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This paper mainly studied the rheological properties of Artemis sphaerocephala Krasch gum. The results showed that the Artemis sphaerocephala Krasch gum is a kind of thixotropy. Apparent viscosity increased with the increase of concentration. The rheological properties followed the Herschel - Bulkey model. Its apparent viscosity changed a little with temperature and pH. The addition of salt, such as NaCl and GaCl2, affected apparent viscosity of Artemis sphaerocephala Krasch gum. Artemis sphaerocephala Krasch gum solutions exhibits typical“ weak gel” properties by small strain oscillatory measurements.
Isolation and Identification of a Polysaccharide in Litchi Pericarp
YANG Bao, ZHAO Mou-Ming, LIU Yang, LI Bao-Zhen
2006, 27(2):  81-83. 
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 DEAE sepharose fast flow anion exchange column and sephadex G50 gel column were used to isolate and purify the major polysaccharide extracted from litchi pericarp. Mannose composition was determined by gas chromatography. It mainly comprised of mannose, galactose, and arabinose. The profile of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that its molecular weight is 14000D and its structure is further identified by infrared (IR) spectra.
Screening of Fusants Derived from Protoplast Fusion of Bifidobacterium with Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Li-Yong-Xue, ZHANG De-Chun, LI Dai-Kun
2006, 27(2):  84-86. 
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Objective: To study on the screening of fusants derived from protoplast fusion of Bifidobacterium with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Method: The fusants were derived from protoplast fusion between Bifitdobacterium bifidum ATCC29521 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CICC1856. 10% lactose culture medium was adopted in first screening. The stability of further generations and biology characteristics of the fusants were analyzed. DNA of the fusants and their parents were investigated with fluorescency in situ and hybridization probed with bifidobacterium oligonucleotide. Result: The fusants possessed had the special DNA sequence of Bifidobacterium and biological characters of both Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Conclusion: Fusants derived from Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae protoplast fusion are examples of making anaerobe and yeast intra-kingdom fusion realize. Its success undoubtedly offers new ways in studying of bifidobacterium species’ improvement as well as in development and utilization of its biological function in the future .
Study on Ultrasonic Homogenization Effects on Yoghurt Quality
MA Yong, ZHAO Da-Jun, WU Zhan-Yu, CHA Bin
2006, 27(2):  87-91. 
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In this paper, the optimum technical conditions of ultrasonic homogenization used in milk prosessing and its effects in yoghurt’s qualities were studied. Using ultrasonic cell grinder to process milk, the optimum technical conditions were: homogenization time 10min and homogenization index up to 5. Three kinds of yoghurts namely ultrasonic homogenized milk, high speed scattered homogenized milk and ordinary milk with the same ingredients and technical conditions were compared. Ultrasonic homogenized milk is mostly steady in acid producing and easy to control in the process of fermentation. Evaluated by marking test, in the four targets of fragrance, color, shape and taste, the yoghurt after ultrasonic homogenization is best in fragrance and shape.
Study on Separation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Naturally Fermentated Sauerkraut
CHEN Xiao-Ping, LIU Hua-Ying, WEI Xiao-Chuan, MA Yan-Mei, SONG Li-Jun
2006, 27(2):  91-94. 
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strains of lactic acid bacteria from natural fermentation sauerkraut were separated and systematically identified. On the basis of morphology, physiological and biochemical features with modern analytical methods and classical methods. The results indicated that the 3 strains are Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus planetarium.
Study on Inclusion Interaction of β-Cyclodextrin and Genistein
CHENG Shuang, DU Ling-Yun, NIU Mei-Ju, ZHU Ming-Cai
2006, 27(2):  94-99. 
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Inclusion complexes of genistein with β-cyclodextrin were prepared. An orthogonal test with three factors including molar ratio of β-CD versus genistein, inclusion temperature and stirring time was designed to investigate the optimum technology for the inclusion reaction of genistein with β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD). The complex was characterized with UV and IR absorption spectrometry, thermogravimetry (TG) analysis, derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in comparison with the corresponding hosts and guests. The present study also examined the stability of the complex that was stored at special temperature by monitoring the change of genistein with time. The results obtained in this paper indicate that both β-Cyclodextrin and the host genistein molecule formed molar ratio of 1:1 complex. Its thermal stability and water-solubility are improved significantly and the information can serve as an important basic data for further processing in further application fields.
Isolation and Purification of Lactoperoxidase and Its Enzymatic Properties
LU Rong-Rong, XU Shi-Ying, WANG Zhang
2006, 27(2):  100-104. 
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 A stepwise procedure for isolation and purification of lactoperoxidase by ultrafiltration and ion exchange chromatography was investigated. It was shown as a single band in SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of lactoperoxidase was 75035D. The recovery of lactoperoxidase activity was 76.17%. The optimum pH for lactoperoxidase was 5.0~5.5, and the optimum temperature for lactoperoxidase was 55℃. At 70℃ and 75℃, two independent first-order inactivation reactions were found just as the peroxidases from plants.
Investigation by EM on the Ultrastructure of Yoghurt with Transglutaminase Added
Ma-Wei, YANG Hui-Qin, WANG Hai-Bo, ZHANG Lan-Wei
2006, 27(2):  104-107. 
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 This paper mainly studied the ultrastructure of yoghurt with transglutaminase added by electron microscope(EM). In comparison with yoghurt without transglutaminase, the effects of enzymatic cross-linking of milk proteins and the relativity of yoghurt structure and quality were investigated.
Studies on Inhibitor Effects and Activator of α-glucosidase in Mulberry Leaves
MA Qing-Yi, SHI Guo-Qing, CHEN Chun-Tao, SUN Jia, CHEN Xiao-Yan
2006, 27(2):  108-111. 
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Polysaccharide and flavones were extracted, isolated, and partially purified from mulberry leaves. The results from studies by using enzymatic kinetics showed that, mulberry leave polysaccharide was an excellent competitive inhibitor of α- glucosidase for glucose releasing. Its inhibitory rate increased with increasing concentration. The optimum acting time for polysaccharide inhibition was 5min. Mulberry leave flavone was found as an activator of α-glucosidase, a potential functional factor for increasing blood sugar. Glycerol monostearicate, as an emulsifier, was introduced into the enzymatic reaction solvent system to enhance the homogeneity of flavones in water.
Study on Inhibition Effect of Fermented Supernatant of Laozao on α-glucosidase
Lu-Zhan-Hui, YANG Ning-Guo, LI Li-Te, LI Yong-Yu, XU Zhong-Min, CHEN Jin-Xian, ZHU Shao-Juan
2006, 27(2):  112-115. 
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By a series of functionality experiments, the functionality of the fermented supernatant of Laozao (rice distillers’ grain) was studied in this paper, such as to reduce the risks of the Alzheimer disease (AD), antioxidation, hypotension, hypoglycemic. The inhibition effects of α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase(AChE) were validated. Then, the inhibition effects of the fermented supernatant of different producing areas and different fermented time and different diluted concentra- tions were studied onα-glucosidase, while the inhibition effect of ethanol was excluded. The fermented supernatant was boiled and centrifuged and the activity of α-glucosidase was assayed by p-NPG(p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside). It showed that in primal concentration, the fermented supernatant of the different producing areas had steady inhibition effect on α-glucosidase daring the course of fermentation of Laozao, it also had steady inhibition effect on α-glucosidase and the inhibition rate was higher than 60 percent. Moreover,in the sixtieth to sixty-sixth hour, the inhibition effect is highest. In addition, the different concentrations of fermented supernatant of Laozao had different inhibition effect. When the concentration increased, the inhibition effect increased significantly. This finding suggests that the fermented supernatant of Laozao has steady inhibition effect on α-glucosidase.
Purification and Properties of Xylanase from Aspergillus usamii
FU Dan-Dan, LI Ai-Jiang, XIE Hui, WU Min-Chen
2006, 27(2):  116-120. 
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A xylanase from solid-state fermentation culture of Aspergillus usamii E001 was purified by with water extraction; ammonium sulfate precipitation; and Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B, Sephadex G-75 and DEAE-Sepharose fast flow column chromatographies. A purified xylanase, showing a single band on SDS-PAGE, was obtained with specific enzyme activity of 3047IU/mg. The molecular weight of the xylanase was determined as 23.2kD on SDS-PAGE and 23.0kD by gel filtration, indicating the xylanase as a monomer. The optimum temperature and pH value for extracting this enzyme were 50℃ and 4.6, respectively. Its kinetics coefficients Km and Vmax with oat spelt xylan as substrate were 5.27mg/ml and 6494mmol/(min·mg), respectively. Its activity was activated by Ca2+ and EDTA, while strongly activated by Sn2+、Pb2+ and Fe3+.
Effect of Temperature, pH and Salts on Plantaricin L-1 to Listera monocytogenes
ZHOU Wei, LI Ping-Lan, ZHOU Kang, LV Yan-Ni
2006, 27(2):  121-125. 
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Plantaricin L-1, an anti-listeria bacteriocin, obtained by precipitation with 80% ammonium sulphate is 1280AU/ml. The mode of action is bactericidal. Influence of temperature, pH and salts on inhibitory activity of plantaricin L-1 showed: that the inhibitory activity can last 144h at lower temperature, and the CFU/ml can be decreased at higher temperatures. pH7.0 was optimal, a significant reduction in activity was observed at acidic pH values; Salts in TSBYE broth and phosphate buffer (5mmol/L, pH7.0) tested can reduce the activity of plantaricin L-1, the difference between various salts was not significant, as well as the difference between three density of the same salt. Adsorption of plantaricin L-1 was influenced by the pH in some degree, however, salts didn’t change the adsorption of plantaricin L-1.
Studies on Enzyme Properties of Heat-resisting α-amylase
BI Jin-Feng, DONG Fu-Kui
2006, 27(2):  125-128. 
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Heat-resisting α-amylase is a critical enzyme for producing maltose. Enzyme properties of two species of heat- resistingα-amylases were studied. The results were as follows: the heat-resisting ability for two species of enzymes was different, and there was an evident difference in enzyme activity. The optimum pH was 7.0, and the acid-resisting ability was poor. The activity of two kinds of enzymes could be enhanced when the concentration of Ca2+ was 7~9mmol/L in the enzyme solution.
Study on the Scavenging of ROS and Anti-lipid Peroxidation by Chlorogenic Acid
Hu-Zong-Fu, YU Wen-Li, ZHAO Ya-Ping
2006, 27(2):  128-130. 
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The scavenging ability on ROS(Reactive Oxygen Species)—O2·, ·OH and H2O2 and anti-lipid peroxidation of chlorogenic acid was evaluated by means of chemiluminescence system. The results show that the scavenging ability varies with the concentration of chlorogenic acid and the type of reactive oxygen species. High concentration of chlorogenic acid has significant scavenging effects, while very low concentration has less effect, even has prooxidative actions towards O·2and· OH. The anti-lipid peroxidation of chlorogenic acid is also obvious and is related with the concentration of chlorogenic acid.
Study on Processing Nitrosyl Heme-polypeptide by Partly Hydrolyzing Porcine Hemoglobin with Protease
MA Mei-Hu, HUANG Qun, MA Cheng-Jin, GU Ren-Yong
2006, 27(2):  131-135. 
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In order to facilitate NO- to combine with the heme iron ion so as to improve the stability of pigment, this experiment utilized protease to hydrolyze Hb to some degree and then made NO- react with Heme-iron to concatenate large molecule polypeptide, into nitrosyl heme-polypeptide. The results showed that the optimum enzymatic conditions were: choosing papain, with substrate concentration 16%, enzyme concentration 4000U/g, hydrolysis time 6h, and the optimum conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysate of porcine blood to synthesize nitrosyl heme-polypeptide were: NaNO2 added 1.6%, pH5.00 and reaction time to 12min at 55℃.
Physico-chemical Changes and Standardized Technology in Xuanwei Ham Processing
QIAO Fa-Dong, MA Chang-Wei, YANG Hong-Ju, SONG Yong, LI Mei-Tao
2006, 27(2):  136-140. 
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Xuanwei ham was cured in a standardized way in order to improve the product quality and avoid the risk of decay. The desiccation and aging of the product were conducted in the natural climate in Xuanwei city. In M. semimembranosus (the ham surface layer) and M. Biceps semotus (the haminner layer), the moisture, salt and free amino acid were 43.93% and 55.25%; 8.80% and 11.14%; 5425.02mg/100g(DM) and 9040.45mg/100g(DM)respectively. The differences in different ham parts were so significant that could not meet the quality requirement of the standardized product. The quality of raw material and physico- chemical changes in processing could be controlled by the standardized technology based on the test results so that the quality and the flavor of Xuanwei ham could be improved.
Study on Enzymatic Hydrolyss to Corn Starch by α-amylase
HAO Xiao-Min, WANG Sui, CUI Ling-Fei
2006, 27(2):  141-143. 
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Maltodextrins were produced from corn starch using two kinds of α-amylase: a common one and a thermal-stable one. The common α- amylase and thermal-stable α-amylase conditions were given as follows, common α-amylase: temperature 84℃, hytrolysis time 20min, dosage of enzyme 16U/g; common thermal-stable α-amylase: temperature 95℃, hytrolysis time 40min, dosage of enzyme 15U/g.
Gray Analysis on Optimum Technology Parameters Constitution in Cherry-tomato Soft Sweet Production
XIAO Chun-Ling
2006, 27(2):  144-146. 
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 Due to the instability of technological parameters in cherry-tomato soft sweet production, the principle of gray analysis on multiple aims was adopted for the assessment of pH value, pection agent, sugar. The results showed that the optimum product quality of cherry-tomato soft sweets was obtained with pH2.7~3.1, 1.4%~1.6% pection and 60%~65%sugar as the optimum processing condition.
Study on Ultrasonic Extraction of Allicin
HE Rong-Hai, MA Hai-Le
2006, 27(2):  147-150. 
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The ultrasonic extraction of allicin from garlic was studied.With single factor test and orthogonal tests, the technological optimum parameters were found as follows:power of ultrasound rate 1000W, ratio of garlic weight and the solvent volume 1:4, extraction time 60min, ultrasonic extraction intermission 2s:1s and mixing speed 500r/min. The extraction rate of allicin is 98.5%. When this method is compared with the methods of ambient temperature extraction and reflux extraction, the extraction time is shortened 5/6 and half respectively, extraction rate of allicin is increased 81.7% and 172% respectively.
Optimum Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from Grateloupia filicina by Orthogonal Test
Zhu-Liang, ZHANG Qing, WANG Yi-Fei, CEN Ying-Zhou
2006, 27(2):  151-154. 
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This paper studied the extraction process of polysaccharide from Grateloupia filicina. Single factor test and orthogonal experiment design methods L9(33) were applied to analyze the effects of the factors such as solid-liquid ratio and temperature and time on the extraction percentage of the polysaccharides. Experimental results indicated that the temperature and solid-liquid ratio would significantly affect the extraction percentage of the soluble polysaccharides. The optimum solid-liquid ratio was: 1:60, the temperature 100℃ and the extraction time 3h. In the conditions, the extraction percentage of soluble polysaccharides in Grateloupia filicina was 22.527%. No nuclear-acid and protein has been found in the polysaccharides by ultraviolet detection and Ninhydrin reaction .
Extraction and Determination of Polysaccharides in Fruit of Physalis
HAN Yang-Hua, GAO Li, LIU Li-Yan, A Bu-Du-La-·A-Ba-Si
2006, 27(2):  154-157. 
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Polysaccharides from fruit of Physalis was isolated and determined by spectrophotometry. The content of polysaccharide measured by anthrone-H2SO4 colorimetry under 580nm, was 5.22% with 1.35% of RSD (n=3).The results showed that the method used in this paper was simple, and the colour of the treated samples was stable in 4h, while the average recovery value for the polysaccharide measured was 98.9%+1.40% with 1.42% of RSD(n=3).
Studies on Extraction Technology of Total Steroidal Saponins from Fenugreek Seeds by Cellulase
ZHANG Li-Ming, LI Xia, XU Wei
2006, 27(2):  157-160. 
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Using enzyme-extracting methods, the optimum extraction conditions of steroidal saponins from the of fenugreek seed flour were investigated by orthogonal design with the extracting rate of steroidal sapogenin as index. The results showed that the factors affecting extraction efficiency of steroidal saponins were as follows: the enzyme dosage>treatment temperature > ratio of solid to liquid (g/ml)>treatment time. The percentage of extraction of steroidal sapogenin could be obviously raised by enzymic treatment, the average value was 83.6% for enzyme-extracting method and 58.4% for the same condition without cellulase. The extracting percentage of steroidal saponins from fenugreek seeds could be improved by cellulase treatment.
Study on Cell Breaking Extraction of Ribonucleic Acid from Brewer Yeast
ZHU Jun-Dong, HUANG Guo-Rong, MI Man-Tian, LANG Hai-Bin
2006, 27(2):  160-162. 
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 In this study,two different methods of extracting ribonucleic acid from brewer yeast by using salt and high pressure homogenization for breaking brewer yeast cell wall.The results showed that the extraction rate of RNA was 2.21% by using salt for breaking brewer’s yeast cell wall by the conditions: salt concentration 8%, temeperature 121℃, time 30 minutes and pH2. The yield rate of RNA is 3.08% by using high pressure homogenization for breaking brewer’s yeast cell wall according to the conditions: working pressure 70MPa and 3 times homogenization.
Microencapsulation of W/O/W Multiple Emulsion with High-voltage Electrostatic Field
ZHANG Yao, LI Bao-Guo
2006, 27(2):  163-166. 
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Water-oil-water multiple emulsion was microencapsulated for water-soluble emulsion by the apparatus of electrostatic microencapsulation. The inner phase was distrilled water, while the oil phase was paraffin liquid, and the external phase was NaAlg alginate solution. The effects of voltage applying length of the electric field, pushing speed, first emulsion of external emusion, NaAlg alginate concentration on microcapsule diameter were evaluted. The results showed that voltage, electric field applying length height and NaAlg alginate concentration have great effects on microcapsule diameter range. The optimal conditions were: voltage 3.0~4.0kV, electric field applying length 2.5~10cm and NaAlg alginate concentration 0.6%~ 1.2%. Even microcapsules with diameter between 50~1000μm are produced.
Extraction Study on Ginsenosides with Laccase
GUO Mei, BAI Dong-Qing, PU Jun, DU Lian-Xiang, LU Fu-Ping
2006, 27(2):  166-168. 
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The optimum conditions of enzymolysis and extraction process by orthogonal design were studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions of ginsenosides extraction technique were as follows: First, laccase treatment: 1g Panax ginseng was put into 15ml (92U/ml) laccase with temperature 30℃, pH value 3.5 and fermenting time 1.5h. Then, in comparison with water-extraction, the enzyme-based extraction rate of ginsenosides is increased by 70.9%.
Studies on Preparation of Esterified Starch
YANG Guang, DING Xiao-Lin, YANG Bo
2006, 27(2):  169-174. 
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By using citric acid and malic acid, starch citrate and starch malate were prepared successfully. After determination of resistant starch(RS), it was found that the highest yields of resistant starch were above 90%. FT-IR revealed that there was an absorption valley at 1730.9~1733.6cm-1 that was characteristic of ester group. By FT-IR, it was found that there was an absorption valley at 1730.9~1733.6cm-1. In comparison of citric acid with malic acid, it was obvious that citric acid was much easier to react with starch than with malic acid. The reason is that 170℃ was higher than 140℃ while RS yields reached 93%. Phosphorylated distarch phosphodiester was as white as native cornstarch and starch granules still kept original shape. But they gathered together. After boiling in water, they kept original state and did not gelatinise. Using DSC, it was noticed that the endothermal peak of distarch phosphodiester centred at 105℃, indicating that boiling in water could not make distarch phosphodiester gelatinise. The reason may be that cross-linking tied starch granules tightly so that it avoided to be expanded and destroyed. By FT-IR, no absorption valley was found at 1300~1250cm-1 that was the characteristic of“ P=O”group, therefore only a small a mount of starch molecules joined esterification reaction. The similar phenomenon had been found by some other researchers. These results were in agreement with their results. RS content of the sample was more than 70%. Without any special additive, the same bread comparable to the control was made successfully. It was noteworthy that the amount of water added was a little more than that of the control. It is important that to note after adding cross-linked starch we do hardly find any obvious change in color, odor, flavor, mouth feel and texture of breads. Starch malate has not been reported so far. Furthermore, RS contents of our modified starches are up to 93%.
Study on Extraction of Fig Polysaccharides from Fig Pomace
WANG Zhen-Bin, MA Hai-Le, WANG Chao
2006, 27(2):  174-177. 
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In this paper fig polysaccharides extracting method from fig pomace after being processed was studied. The single factor tests results showsed that more fig polysaccharides were obtained when the extraction temperature went up and extraction rate increased at the fist stage and then dropped according to the extraction frequency concerned. The extraction times should be less than 3. The extraction hot water would be 15 times weight more than that of fig pomace. Orthogonal tests showed the optimum extraction parameters were as follows: 100℃, 120min, add 15 times weight of hot water and 2 times extraction. Under this extract method the fig pomace polysaccharides extraction rate is 8.52%.
Optimization of Fermentation Parameters for Production of DVS Yogurt Starter Cultures
WU Rong-Rong, ZHANG Bai-Lin
2006, 27(2):  178-181. 
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The interactions(including the symbiosis and antagonism) and their capabilities to produce lactic acid, viscosity,and acetaldehyde. between Streptococcus thermophilus strains and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strains were studied. It was seen that 3 paired strains were more suitable for the production of yogurt. For strains LB2-ST1, the optimun media were 1.0% of tomato extract, 1.0% of lactose, 0.5% of yeast extract and 1.0% of peptone. If they were cultivated at 42℃ for 6h. The cell population was up to 1.64×109CFU/ml. The optimal cryoprotectants to improve the viability of strains LB2-ST1 were investigated .A combination consisting of trehalose (0.5%), glycerin (0.3%), glutamate-Na (5%) and Sorbitan mono-oleate (0.3%) could produce a very positive effect on promoting the viability of the paired strains LB2-ST1.Their viable cells after freeze- drying were 3.62×1011CFU/g. The optimal parameters for the production of yogurt starters were: temperature 42.2℃, pH6.4, rotating speed 86.7r/min, inoculation 4%, feeding 1.0%, fermentation 6h and freeze-drying -40℃ for 15h. The cells of the production were1011CFU/g。
Study on Adsorption and Separation by Macroporous Resin for Asparagus Flavon
ZHANG Su-Hua, WANG Zheng-Yun
2006, 27(2):  182-186. 
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Through the comparison among the six types of macroporous resin’s adsorption and desorption capacity of rutin in asparagus, the optimal absorbent material for flavonoids in asparagus was decided and its dynamic absorbing behavior was studied. Experimental results show that AB-8 resin possesses higher absorption and desorption capacity. It is a better adsorbent for asparagus flavonoids.
Study on Producing Chitin From Aspergillus niger by Electrolysis
CAO Jian, DAI Yang-Yong, LI Lang, WANG Zhong-Tai
2006, 27(2):  186-192. 
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Chitin was prepared by electrolysis from mycelia through small-scale fermentation of Aspergillus niger in this paper, while the obtained chitin was further deacetylated into chitosan by alkaline. Through single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiment, the effects of some factors on the degree of deacetylation, yield and molecular weight of the chitosan product were studied. The optimized conditions for preparing chitin product from A. niger mycelia by electrolysis were as follows: time of electrolysis 1.25h, concentration of NaOH 3%, voltage 8V and ratio of solvent to meal 12:1. It is found that preparing chitin from the A. niger by electrolysis is practically feasible.
Application of Ultrafiltration on Separation and Purification of Soybean Peptides
Deng-Cheng-Ping, XUE Wen-Tong, SUN Xiao-Lin, QUAN Ming-Hai
2006, 27(2):  192-195. 
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In this experiment, soybean peptides were separated by ultrafiltration. How those major ultrafiltration-system parameters affecting the membrane flux were studied. It has showed that the ultrafiltration membrane with 30000 MWCO (Molecular Weight Cutoff) should run 40min for a cycle at 0.12MPa, 40℃ and pH7.0 and under this condition, the membrane flux would be about 19L/m·2h; when the ultrafiltration membrane with 10000 MWCO should run 60min for a cycle at 0.10MPa, <45℃ and natural pH and under this condition, the membrane flux would be about 25L/m2·h; when the ultrafiltration membrane with 5000 MWCO should run 80min for a cycle, at 0.10MPa, <45℃ and natural pH and under this condition, the membrane flux would be about 22L/m2·h. In the end, soybean peptides were separated according to its molecular weight: 13.21% with molecular weight >30000Da; 4.05% with molecular weight 10000~30000Da; 6.41% with molecular weight 5000~10000Da; and 76.11% with molecular weight <5000Da.
Study on Commercial Production from Deep Submerged Fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum Mycelia
HU Huan-Rong
2006, 27(2):  196-198. 
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 Objective: By bio-fermentation engineering to expand production of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide. Method: Minor farm products (such as maize powders, soybean powders) were used as culture media, after controlling parameters in fermenter (such as inoculation quantity, total saccharide quantity, pressure of fermenter, temperature and growth factor etc.) to increase production. Result: Twenty normal tests were studied. The volume of every fermenter was 10m3, the fermentation liquid 7.5m3, the average production cycle 150h and pH reduced from 6.5 to 3.5. After the mycelia fermented, the average weight of dry powders in every fermenter is 66.1kg by spray drying, the average recovery 8.76kg/m3, the content of pure polysaccharide 68.5g/kg in the dry powders and the weight of the pure polysaccharide 4.225kg in every fermenter. There was no obvious vgerminate and lock like connection on the mycelia wall. There was a little mycelia dissolved with no other bacteria. Conclusion: It proves that the technology is successful. It is valuable to popularize.
Study on Determination of Gardenia Yellow Pigment by High Performance Liquid Chromatography by GB Standard
DING Yan, SUN Yi-Min, MA Zhi-Sen, WANG Yu, YUAN Shun-Xiang, SHEN Wei-Li
2006, 27(2):  199-202. 
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A high performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of gardenia yellow pigment according to the standard (GB/T5009.149-2003) was studied. The contents of gardenia yellow pigment were analyzed and compared by spectrophotometry. The results showed that it was not reasonable to assay the gardenia yellow pigment with the standard control in food by high performance liquid chromatography. All these other works could establish a foundation for a better qualitative and quantitative analysis method of gardenia yellow pigment.
Analysis of Fatty Acids in Spirulina by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Chemical Modifying Reagent 2-Amino-2-Methylpropanol
ZOU Yao-Hong
2006, 27(2):  202-206. 
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2-Amino-2-methylpropanol was developed as chemical modifying reagent of fatty acids so as to modify carboxyl group into nitrogen-containing heterocycle which effectively suppressed the migration of double bonds of the alkenyl under the electron impact source.The empirical rule in which the position of double bonds of olefinic acids was located was refered to electron impact analyzing spectra of the chemical products modified by 2-amino-2-methylpropanol of the fatty acids in spirulina. 11 fatty acids were identified according to the analysis of GC-EIMS and the position of double bonds of the fatty acids from spirulina was located. Spirulina consists of the fatty acids of C 14~C22.The contents of the unsaturated fatty acids and the polyunsaturated fatty acids are 68.34% and 54.48% respectirely, and the main component of the polyunsaturated fatty acids is 9,12,15-linolenic acid whose relative content is 36.22%.Besides, 9-tetradecenoic acid,6-octadecenoic acid, 11-eicosenoic acid and 4,7,10,13,16,19- docosahexenoic acid are first identified. Therefore, this method provides a new technical tool for the location of double bonds in the unsaturated fatty acids.
Determination of Anthocyanin Component and Content in Black Rice Extract by HPLC
XIA Xiao-Dong, LING Wen-Hua, ZHENG Lin, ZHANG Ming-Wei
2006, 27(2):  206-208. 
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Objective: To determine the component and content of anthocyanins in black rice extract. Methods: The HPLC method was used to determine the component and content of anthocyanins in black rice extract. The analysis was carried on Hypersil BDS C18 column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-4% H 3PO4(15:85), flow-rate 0.8ml/min and wave-length 530nm . Results and conclusion: There are two major anthocyanins in black rice extract: cyanindin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside, the content of which are 25.7% and 1.7% of the whole extract respectively.
Rapid Method Detection of Residual E.sakazakii in Milk-based Powder Infant Formulae
HAN Wei, GU Ming, YANG Jie-Lin
2006, 27(2):  208-212. 
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Through using two step enrichment followed with isolation on chromogenic Enterobacter sakazakii agarose, a rapid method detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in milk-based powder infant formulae has been established in this research. Biochemical test systems such as API reagent or VITEK method were used to identify the suspicious colonies on the plates.The whole dctection process takes 72 hours and the sensitivity is about 2CFU/g, by which E nterobacter sakazakii can be effectively selected from other Enterobacter.This rapid method has good stability and easy operation, and is fit for the demands of inspection and quarantine .
Study on Extraction Effects on SDE Onion Oil
Li-Li-Mei, LI Jing-Ming, SUN Ya-Qing, MA Zhao, NI Yuan-Ying
2006, 27(2):  212-215. 
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Effects of the volume of water, the volume of solvent and the concentration of sodium chloride solution on the simultaneous distillation and solvent extraction of sulfur compounds in onion oil were studied. More sulfur compounds were obtained at the conditions that the ratio of onion homogenates to sodium chloride solution (90 g/1000 m l) is 1:2 and the volume of solvent 15 ml.
Determination of Betalain by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
SUN Shi-Ping, DAI Bin, HONG Cheng-Lin
2006, 27(2):  215-217. 
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A method for determination of betalain was described by high performance liquid chromatrgraphy. Shim-pack vp- ODS column(4.6mm i.d. ×150mm, 5μm)was used and mobile phase was MeOH:H 2O-HAc(20: 80) with flow rate of 0.7ml/min. The eluate was monitored at λmax=535nm . The linearity was obtained over the range of 0.0641 ~3.206mg/ml ( r = 0.9999).The determination limit was 0.06 4μg/ml.The average recovery of sample was in the range of 97.58% ~102.10%, with relative standard deviation of 1.13%. The method was proved to be a simple, rapid and reliable way to determine the betalain concentration.
Study of Ammonium Sulfate Fractionation of Porcine Serum Protein by Polyacryamide Gel Electrophoresis
LUO Lei, ZHU Ya-Dong, DING Xiao-Lin
2006, 27(2):  218-222. 
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This paper studied the relation between porcine serum protein and ammonium sulfate saturation when salt fractionation by Polyacryamide Gel Electrophoresis ,the result showed the main deposition scope of porcine serum protein is 25%~70% ammonium sulfate saturation ,each porcine serum protein has respective deposition scope. The best ammonium sulfate fractionation method of decuple dilute porcine serum albumin is pH7.4, adjust ammonium sulfate saturation to 50%, remove deposition by centrifugation , and adjust the pH of clear liquid to 4.5, the ammonium sulfate saturation to 55% ,then albumin was deposited. In the porcine serum protein which was deposited by 35% saturation of ammonium sulfate when pH is 7.4, the IgG yield rate is 69.5% and purity is 76%, when the ammonium sulfate saturation is 40%, the IgG yield rate is 91.8% and purity is 61.6%.
GC/MS Analysis of Quinoxaline—2—Carboxylic Acid Residues in Animal Muscle, Liver and Kidney Products
Peng-Yan, LIU Yu
2006, 27(2):  223-226. 
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The developed GC-MS method provided a high sensitivity and specificity for the analysis of QCA (Quinoxatine- 2-Carboxylic Acid) in animal muscle, liver and kidney products. Less interferences and reproducible recoveries were obtained. The minimum detection limit for QCA was 1. 0μg/kg, which was defined on the basis of the current international maximum limit for carbadox and its metabolites residues in animal muscle, liver and kidney products. The recoveries for these samples ranged from 60%~125%. The correlation coefficient was 0.998.
Application of Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD) in Lycopene Quantification by RP-HPLC
HUI Bo-Di, LI Jing, ZHENG Kang-Cheng, PEI Ling-Peng, LIAO Ping-Tai
2006, 27(2):  226-229. 
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In this study, lycopene from tomato fruits was separated on HPLC by reversed phase C 18 column under the conditions as: C18 stationary phase-DIAMONSIL TM column mobile phase-A ratio of acetonitrile to water (9:1) and mobile phase-B ethyl acetate; linear binary elution gradient: mobile phase B increased from 0 to 100% in the first 15 minutes and later kept 100% consequently; flow rate-1.0 ml/min; UV-VI detection wavelength 260 ~600nm; monitoring wavelength-475nm; column tem- perature-ambient temperature. The detection conditions applied for this sample of evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) were: drift temperature-45 ℃; carrier gas pressure-30psi; sprayer temperature-40 ℃; and gain-1. After variation in drift temperature, carrier gas pressure and sprayer temperature, the comparison of quantitative results from ELSD and UV-VIS detector was made with the reference of pure lycopene. Data from the comparison of results suggested that ELSD can be applied in lycopene quantification although its sensitivity is poorer than that of UV-VIS detector. Additionally, ELSD is cap able to exhibit information on colorless components from the sample and therefore has a bright future in the application of purity check for the extracts and products of lycopene.
Assaying Total Flavonoids in Black Corn Pollen by Double-wavelength Spectrophotometry
ZHANG Lan-Jie, XIN Guang, ZHANG Wei-Hua
2006, 27(2):  230-232. 
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 In this paper, a double-wavelength spectrophotometry was applied to assay the total flavonoids in black corn pollen. The detective wavelength was 510 nm ,while the reference one was 584 nm, and the recovery rate was 98.14%, with RSD=1.24% (n=5).The results indicated that the average total flavonoids content in black corn pollen was 3.53%, and the method was stable, reliable and accurate in the assay process.
Detection of Hydroxy Safflor Yellow A in Health Foods by RP-HPLC
LIU Hong, YU Xiao-Yi, LI Bing-Qi, TIAN Li-Ping, WANG He-Bin
2006, 27(2):  232-234. 
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 To determine the content of hydroxysafflor yellow A in the health foods by RP-HPLC, the hydroxysafflor yellow A could be separated on Kromasil-C 18 with nonlinearity gradient elution of CH 3OH-HAc(22:78) at a flow -rate of 1.0ml/min and also assayed at UV403nm, with the column temperature 25 ℃. The average recovery of sample was 98.5% 。This method was simple, rapid, accurate and reiable. It is suitable for the determination of HSYA concentration in health foods.
Isolation and Determination of Residual Solvents in Edible Vegetable Oils by High Temperature Headspace Gas Chromatography
WANG Hai-Feng, JU Xing-Rong, YANG Xiao-Rong, YANG Jun
2006, 27(2):  235-238. 
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By combining HTHS sampling with GC separation, a method for the confirmation and quantification of residual hydrocarbons having a number of carbon atoms ranging from 5 to 8 in edible oil samples has been developed and tested. The sample was heated at 90 ℃ to achieve equilibrium and increase the transfer of residual hydrocarbons into the headspace, and then, a 25% squalane packed-column was used to perform the isolation and determination. The results showed that no interferences were noted within 0.5h equilibrium. The repeatability of the analytes (expressed as a relative standard deviation, RSD) for simulant sample is: <0.2 % for retention time and <5 % for peak area, the total recovery 99.2%, and LOQ (limit of quantitative) less than 0.5mg/kg. The equilibrium model, chromatographic separation model and quantitative method lead to a significant difference between the new method and the current GB method. The making-up of standard solution of No.6 solvents from different resources definitely affects the quantification of analytes by GB method. The achieved method may better be used to follow variations of residual solvents during vegetable oil manufacturing process and to detect the quality of refined oil.
The RP-HPLC Determination of Amino Acids in Mung Bean Protein Hydrolysate by AccQ ·Tag
Lu-Zhen-Hua, GUO Cai-Hua
2006, 27(2):  238-241. 
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17 amino acids were determined by HPLC AccQ ·Tag. When the concentration of amino acids were 10 ~100μmol/ L (with the cysteine among 5 ~50μmol/L), the correlation coefficient between the peak area and the concentration of amino acid was above 0.99. The recoveries of 17 amino acids added were 92.1% ~103.7%. The satisfactory method applied to amino acids in many bean protein hydrolysate and good results was obtained.
Method of Nitrite Assay for Pickled Vegetables
ZHOU Wen-Bin
2006, 27(2):  241-243. 
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In pickled vegelables experiments found: that the optimum nitrite extract conditions were: 30 ~45min in 70℃ in water bath; with active carbon added to reduce the interference errors of assaying nitrite in the pickle; then with sulfanilic acid solution 2ml added to the sample first , to incubate for 5 min, then finaly with N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine hydrochloride 1ml added to make the colored azo compound stabilized.
Processing Technics of Oligo-chitosan Chewing Tablets from Housefly Larvae and Its Function of Lowering Hyperlipemia
HUANG Wen, LIU Bin, YI Xiang, ZHOU Xing-Miao, LEI Chao-Liang
2006, 27(2):  244-247. 
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The processing technics of oligo-chitosan chewing tablets processed from housefly larvae and its function of lowering hyperlipemia were studied in this paper. The results indicated that the use of ethanol as solvent was better than water. When the concentration of the ethanol was 30% and the amount added was 8% (V/W), they were the optimal conditions to make granules. When magnesium was added 0.2%(W/W), it made extrude the tablets satisfactorily. The results of animal and crowd tests showed that oligo-chitosan extracted from housefly larvae has remarkable function of lowering hyperlipemia.
Study on Nutritional Components of Black Mulberry Fruit and Effects on Anti-oxidation
YANG Xiao-Lan, MAO Li-Xin, ZHANG Xiao-Yun
2006, 27(2):  248-250. 
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We analyzed the nutritional components of black mulberry fruit(Morus alba L.) in Shanxi Province, China. It was found to contain VC, VE, β-caroten, rutin, myricetin, morin, quercetin, Fe, Mn, Zn,Se, et al. The juice was extracted from the black mulberry fruit. After being fed on the diet with 10% fresh mulberry fruits or juice for 8 weeks, male Wistar rats showed significantly reduced MDA and increased SOD and GSH-Px in blood and liver (p<0.05~0.01). and decreased the lipofuscin in liver(p<0.05~0.01). Fresh black mulberry fruits or juice could prolong the life span and improve the flying ability of Drosophila melanogaster (p<0.05~0.01). The results showed that the mulberry fruit has evident antioxidation effects. It is worth further researching and exploiting.
Preliminary Study on Functional Component and Functional Activities of Waste Slurry Derived in Processing Water Chestnut Starch
LIU Xin, ZHAO Li-Chao, ZHOU Ai-Mei
2006, 27(2):  251-256. 
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In this paper the waste slurry produced in the production of water chestnut starch was used as raw material to extract, separate and purify a kind of functional compound. Its main components, chemical constitution and functional activities were then analyzed. Solvents were first used to prepare crude functional compounds followed by separation and purification with chromatography to get pure functional compound. Then GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrum) was used to analyze its chemical constitution. Finally, its curative effects were assayed by checking antimicrobial spectrum, antibiotic effects in mice by swelling ears of mice induced by xylene, by swelling hind paws of rats induced by egg white and by writhing test in mice. The results showed that the functional compound extracted from the waste slurry was 24-ethylcholesta-△7-cholesterol. It had obvious antimicrobial effects on bacteria in vivo and in vitro, and had inhibited many kinds of inflammation. Also it showed visible activities on easing pain caused by acetic acid.
Studies on Mice Antifatigue Effect of Flavonoids from Sweet Potato Vines
HONG Xue-E, GAO Yin-Yu, LUO Li-Ping, XIA Dong-Hua
2006, 27(2):  256-258. 
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 To study the antifatigue effect of flavonoids from sweet potato vines(FSPV), three doses (100, 200 and 400mg/kg bw·d) of FSPV respectively with 0.9% sodium chloride solution as control were fed to mice by instil-gavage. After 10 days, the swimming time was determined by stopwatch, and the fatigue indexes, such as blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) and liver and muscle glycogen, were assayed respectively by reagent boxes. The results showed that FSPV could prolong the swimming time and meanwhile had remarkable effects on increasing the serum LDH activity and the reserves of liver and muscle glycogen, and also decreasing increment of BUN after exercise. Finally, it was found that FSPV had obvious antifatigue effect and the medium dose of FSPV (200mg/kg bw·d) was optimum.
Study on the Keeping Technology of Pomegranate by Controlled Atmosphere Storage at Appropriate Temperature
ZHANG Run-Guang, ZHANG You-Lin, CHEN Jin-Ping
2006, 27(2):  259-262. 
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 Physiological changes during storage of Shaanxi Lintong sweet pomegranate under different temperatures and gas components were studied in this paper. Optimum technical parameters of controlled atmosphere storage at appropriate tem- perature were obtained by comparison of skin appearance and seed quality. After 100 days of storage under the conditions of 4~5℃, 90%~95% relative humidity, and 3%O2 and 3%CO2 gas component, the soluble solids content of pomegranate was 14.2%, titratable acidity 0.384%, browning index of husk 0.12 and rotten rate of fruits 3.5%. The fruits remained in satisfactory state afters torage.
Study on Extending Shelf-life of Fresh-cut Apples with Edible Coatings Compound Preservative
ZENG Wen-Bing
2006, 27(2):  262-265. 
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Effect of edible coatings in combination with antibrowning agents on fresh-cut apple slices was studied. The results showed that the initial respiration rate was decreased by 5% and 20% in carrageenan (0.5%)-coated and whey protein concentrate (5%)-coated apples respectively at 25℃. Addition of antibrowning agents to the edible coating solutions was advantageous in maintaining color during storage. Addition of CaCl2 (1%) significantly inhibited the loss of firmness. These edible coatings compound preservative also showed positive sensory analysis results and beneficial reduction of microbial levels. WPC (5%) containing ascorbic acid (1%) plus CaCl2 (1%) was the most effective preservation treatment on fresh-cut apple slices at 3℃ for 2 weeks.
Study on Freeze-drying Damage of Lactic Acid Bacteria Membrane
ZHU Lin, LIU Ning, ZHANG Ying-Hua, HUO Gui-Cheng
2006, 27(2):  266-269. 
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 Freeze-drying can damage the cell membrane of lactic acid bacteria. These damages will include mechanical damage, solution effect damage, change in membrane permeability, DNA damage, proteins denaturation, damage in dynamic balance, and change in lipids of cell membrane. These different damages decrease will the survivability. To raise relevant methods to decrease freeze-drying damages will depend on the understanding damage mechanism. For example, finding optimal freeze velocity, using some cryoprotectants, changing genetic properties, and choosing excellent strains by natural selection will help lactic acid bacteriar esistf reeze-drying.
Recent Study of Nanotechnology in Food Science
GUAN Rong-Fa, QIAN Bo, YE Xing-Qian, HAO Yun-Bin
2006, 27(2):  270-273. 
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The paper reviews the concept, characteristics of food nanotechnology. At the same time, it summarizes its recent research and application on food nutrients.
Nutrient and Functional Components in the Flower of Robinia pseudoacacia and Their Exploitation
WANG Lin, ZHANG Min, HU Qiu-Hui
2006, 27(2):  274-276. 
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The flower of Robinia pseudoacacia with high nutrient and functional value is resourceful in China. However, the resource is almost abandoned except a small quantity used as food. Therefore, the exploitation of the flower of Robinia pseudoacacia will improve the efficiency of ecology and economy further, and promote the growth of economy. The nutrient and functional components in the flower of Robinia pseudoacacia were reviewed in the study, which offered definite theory for the further exploitation of the flower of Robinia pseudoacacia.
Study on the Design of the Recipe of Mixed Fruit-Vegetables Juice
ZHANG Xiu-Ling, LIU Hui, CHEN Dong-Mei, WANG Guan-Lei
2006, 27(2):  277-279. 
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Orthogonal design and fuzzy math are applied together to obtain the initial recipe and SAS design parameters. SAS mixture design is applied to get the best recipe of mixed fruit-vegetable juice.
Study on Ultrasonic in the Extraction of Instant Tea
Zhang-Yuan-Zhi, LIN Hui-Qin
2006, 27(2):  280-282. 
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 This article examined the use of ultrasonic in the extraction of instant tea. By using single factor experiment, it investigated the factors directly correlated with ultrasonic extraction such as extractive time, extractive times, extractive temperature, ultrasonic frequency and solid liquid ratio. Finally, it spelled out the optimal extracting conditions.