To achieve detection, monitoring and automation of starch graft copolymerzation, the investigation is being made according to the specifity of free radical luminescence produced in the reaction. The investigation on the fluorescence spectra and its characteristics of starch-water suspension induced by ultraviolet light contribute to study the characteristics and mechanisms of free radical coming into being, emitting and disappearing. In comparison with fluorescence spectra of tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran whose molecular structures are both epoxy, it is further verified that this fluorescence comes from the transition from nonbonding n electrons in the hetero-atom (O) of the functional group (C-O-C) called ether linkage to the antibonding orbitσ*.

The group changes of soy protein molecule plasticized by epichlorohydrin were tested with FTIR. The morphology of the fracture surface of materials plasticized by different plasticizers was assayed with SEM. The mechanism of soy protein plasticized by epichlorohydrin to show the high-tensile strength, low-water absorption and low-elongation properties was summarized.

In this study, whey-based media were used for growing L.bulgaricus and S.thermophilu so as to obtain new type of industrial fermentation medium for preparing dairy starter cultures. It proved that the internal pH controlled whey-based medium has desirable nutrition and buffer effect. After S.thermophilu was cultivated at 42℃ for 3 hours, its cell population reached 0.29×109CFU/ml, and after S.thermophilu was cultured for 6 hours the viable cells attained to 0.42×109CFU/ml. When provided with external pH control through addition of 20% anhydrous ammonia, the viable cells population of L.bulgaricus and S.thermophilu reached 1.85×109CFU/ml and 3.65×108CFU/ml respectively, which was respectively 7 times and 3.5 times as much of the medium without phosphate.

 In this paper, L-Cysteine was discovered to have a strong inhibition on potato polyphenol oxidase activity. The existence of L-Cysteine resulted in prolonging the lag time of the enzyme reaction, while the steady-state rate of the enzyme activity decreased with the increase of concentration of L-Cysteine. The IC50, inhibitor’s concentration leading to 50% activity lost, was estimated to be 100μmol/L. The inhibition kinetics and mechanism of L-Cysteine on the potato PPO activity have been studied. The results showed that inhibition of L-Cysteine on the enzyme is an irreversible reaction. It has a direct effect on the enzyme activity, which inhibit the production of o-quinones to stop the enzymatic browning of potato.

 Powdered activated charcoal was used to separate ferulic acid reagent in the solution. The results showed that powdered activated charcoal has high capacity for adsorbing ferulic acid. Its maximum adsorption capacity is 325～340mg/g and it could adsorb all ferulic acid in the solution when the concentration of ferulic acid is lower than 5mg/100ml at pH2.0～9.0. 2.0% of NaOH could desorb almost 100% of the adsorbed ferulic acid, whereas alcohol and ethyl acetate could desorb less than 30% of the adsorbed ferulic acid. The results of TLC showed that ferulic acid separated by powdered activated charcoal from alkali-hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse has high purity.

 Anti-oxidative effects of extracts from Ganoderma lucidium (GL) and Ganoderma atrum (GA) were studied by using DPPH and pyrogallol autooxidation methods. The results showed that all kinds of extracts of GL and GA have scavenging effects on DPPH radical and restraining effects on pyrogallol autooxidation, and the anti-oxidative activities decreased in the order of 95% ethanol> acetone > deionized water> chloroform. The amount of extracts used is directly in proportion to the anti-oxidative effect. When the control experiment was performed by using BHT and ascorbic acid, it is showed that the acetone extracts of Ganoderma atrum (1mg/ml) have stronger antioxidant activity than BHT (10mg/ml) but have the same of activity as ascorbic acid (0.5mg/ml).

Main microorganisms of chilled mutton were incubated with selective agars, and initial microflora and their changes under vacuum were analyzed. The results showed: Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Brochothix thermosphacta and Enterobacteriaceae were the main microorganisms in the chilled mutton; Lactobacillus increased progressively and became dominant microflora fast during storage in 4℃. However, Pseudomonas and Brochothix thermosphacta gradually decreased and Enterobacteriaceae was unchanged almost; Lactobacillus restrained the growths of Pseudomonas, Brochothix thermosphacta and Enterobacteriaceae seriously.

Aim: To analyze the factors affecting the fluidizing lipoid. Results: In one fixed condition, the viscosity of fluidifying lipoid decreases while the speed of shear increases and the changes accord with the law of exponent. While the mass percentage of the lipoid increases, the viscosity of fluidifying lipoid also increases. Whereas the viscosity of fluidizing lipoid also increases while the mass percentage of mineral salt increases with the rise of temperature.

 In this paper, the effects of ingredient of polyols (xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol) in prevention chewing gum caries and heating conditions of the chewing gum processing on the capability of CPPs postponing calcium phosphate depositing were studied. The results of study showed that it is not effective on the capability of CPPs postponing calcium phosphate depositing when the temperature is lower than 100℃. When the CPPs concentration is within 2%～14%, the capability of CPPs postponing calcium phosphate depositing is enhanced along with the increase of mannitol concentration, and weekened along with the increase of sorbitol concentration, and also enhanced when concentration of xylitol is lower than 6% and also weekened when the concen- tration is higher than 6%.

 Cinnamon essential oil was extracted by using steam distillation method, and reacted with saturated sodium hydrogen sulfite solution to isolate the main compounds. According to the GC analysis results, cinnamaldehyde is the main component of the cinnamamon essential oil, the content is 83.03%. And the purity of cinnamaldehyde in the isolated aldehyde oil is over 99%. The isolated aldehyde- and unreacted- oil was analyzed by GC/MS, seven aldehyde components were identified, namely benzaldehyde, benzeneacetaldehyde, hydrocinnamaldehyde, (E)-cinnamaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, o-methoxy- cinnamaldehyde. The components of the unreacted oil are less than 1% in total.

 Nitrite is usually used as food additive in meat products, which can develop pink color, inhibit the growth of food spoilage bacteria, contribute to the favor and the texture et al. And different sodium nitrite addition has effects on the texture of pork during curing. In this paper, effect of different nitrite addition on pork texture during curing was studied by Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) with a texture machine. It revealed that the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness and chewiness of cured pork increased and cohesiveness and resilience decreased during the 48h-curing time. Among these texture attributes, hardness chewiness and resilience changed significantly, while adhesiveness springiness and cohesiveness not significantly under p<0.05. Also we found the moisture, fat, protein and collagen contents decreased after nitrite addition to the cured pork. Through the correlation analysis between chemical contents and texture measurements, it indicated that moisture was higher correlated to the springiness, adhesiveness and resilience with correlation coefficient of 0.891, 0.770 and 0.770 respectively. And nitrite correlated higher to the springiness, 0.808, collagen to the resilience, 0.740, while fat and protein lower relatively.

The crude chondroitin sulfate-peptide was extracted by papain hydrolysis, isolated and purified by detergent such as tricloroacetic acid, alcohol precipitation, dialysis and DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow ion exchange column chromatography. Being identified by UV spectrum, IR spectrum, agarose gel electrophoresis and HPGPC, the results showed that chondroitin sulfate- peptide was predominant over the whole cartilage polysaccharide, with relevant molecular weight as 75174Da, and balanced amino acid components.

The Aspergillus wentti which had been treated with 60Co was selected as the strain to convert fumaric acid to L-malic acid in 200L fermentor by liquid-submerged fermentation. The effects of culture temperature, nitrogen sources and vibration models of sorting table on the growing state of strain were examined. Fermentative factors such as variations of aeration rate, temperature, pH and rotated speed, that could affect the conversion rate of fumaric acid and production of L-malic acid , were investigated. The results showed that Aspergillus wentti which had been treated with 60Co could not only inhibit the production of by-products but also improve the selectivity of product and shorten the culture time of strain .

β-D-glucans were extracted from the cell wall of spent brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by alkali, acid -alkali or enzyme-alkali method, respectively. The basic components of the three different extracted products were analyzed. Paper chromatography and IR spectrum analysis showed that D-mannose was not found in all of them. The adsorptive properties of β-D-glucans on Zearalenone(ZEA) were determined by HPLC. It indicated that the absorptive capacity was different to β- D-glucans with different extracting methods. β-D-glucans obtained by enzyme-alkali method showed a relatively high adsorp- tion capacity for ZEA with a maximum adsorption of up to 2.296μg ZEA/mg glucan.

This paper studied different extracting methods to extract the superoxide dismutase(SOD) from the fresh and dry sample of Lactarius deliciosus Gray and Lactarius hatsudak Tanake respectively. The orthogonal test was designed according to four factors and four levels. Through analysis of variance, the optium conditions of extracting SOD were obtained. The two Lactarius deliciosus were compared. Purification of SOD precipitated with ammonium sulfate and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography and two times with acetone and then the type of SOD was assayed among the purification products. Through the experiment it was found that the Lactarius deliciosus Gray contains 3 different SOD, but the content of Fe-SOD is comparatively high.

This article described the reflection spectral Characteristics of tomato fruit surface and the correlationship of the reflection at 565nm with respect to the fruit lycopene content. This effort formed the theoretical base to develop an in-situ method for the lycopene detection on tomato fruit.

Superoxide dismutase from camellia pollen was purified to homogeneity and assayed to be Cu, Zn-SOD accordingto its specific sensitivities to hydrogen peroxide, cyanogens potassium and chloroform-alcohol. The molecular weights of the SOD and its subunit were 69.5kD and 34.7kD, respectively. Isoelectric point analysis indicated that it was an acidic protein whose isoelectric point was pH4.1. The N-terminal amino acid of the enzyme was identified to be Gly by DNS- Cl method. Its content of α-Helix was also assayed to be approximately 21.8% according to the result of circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The effects of pH, temperature, chemical reagents and metal ions on SOD were studied respectively in its molecular stability experiments. Results showed that the optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme were 25℃ and 6.5 respectively. It lost its activity entirely when the pH was higher than 10, and its activity was also highly inhibited when KCN, H2O2, SDS and β- mercaptoethanol existed, but 4mol/L carbamide had no effect on it. The activity of the SOD whose metal ions were driven out by EDTA recovered totally after combining with Cu2+, Zn2+ but only partly recovered after combing with Mn2+, Mg2+.

Pediococcus acidilactici was isolated from traditional food fermented Chinese cabbage and screened for bacteriocin strain. The strain was found to produce an extracellular antimicrobial substance that was peptide in nature and effective Against Listeria monocytogenes, Lactobacillus plantarum, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. The antimicrobial peptide is assayed as non organic acid and non hydrogen peroxide. It is sensitive to proteolytic enzymes, resistant to heat, and active over a wide range of pH.

The adsorption of selenious acid by chitosan(CTS) has been investigated. The adsorption isothermal and kinetic curves have been determined. It is found that the adsorption capacity is highly affected by pH and the adsorption action fits the Langmuir model which describes the adsorption of monolayer. The IR and UV assays also indicate that the adsorption of selenious acid by chitosan is just a simple physical process instead of a chemical one.

7S and 11S are the main globins in soybean, amounting to 70 percent of the total soybean protein. Gly m Bd 30K, Gly m Bd 28K andα-Subunit of β-Conglycinin(MW 68k)are the main allergens of soybean. In this paper, different processing methods of 3 different buffer solutions were used to separate 7S and 11S. The results showed that the main allergens existed as little as possible in the separated 11S, with the main allergens mainly existed in the separated 7S. Since the hardness of tofu gel mainly depends on the nature of 11S, it is a new finding to remove the soybean allergens, while at the same time, the gel-forming ability of soybean protein is maintained.

To research on the in vitro growth inhibition effect of Cumin’s extracts on bacteria. Methods: K-B paper dispersion method was used and the inhibition effects of circular filter paper pieces of Cumin’s extracts on 8 tested strains were observed. It had different effects of growth inhibition on bacteria. Most of the MICs of cumin oil were among 2%～1% according to 8 tested strains. Most of the MIC of ethanol extracts were assayed as 100mg/ml according to 8 tested strains.

Flavones from pomelo peel were extracted by using 60% ethanol solution and ultrasonic treatment. The qualitative and quantitative analysis results in the present study indicated that flavones, isoflavones and flavanonols existed in pomelo peel. The total content of flavonoids is 3.148%. The results from antioxidative activity obtained by DPPH showed that the inhibition rate of anti-free radicals in pomelo pee is 79.60%. In comparison with the inhibition rates of anti-free radicals of vitamin C and food additive(BHT), it is equivalent to 81.02% and 95.44% respectively.

In this study, chemical components of antimutagenic substance of L2 were assayed. The total sugar content of the glycoprotein was 41.3μg/ml by phenol-vitriol, and the protein content were 872μg/ml. The ratio of sugar and protein was nearly 1:20. In this active glycoprotein, the total amino acid contents were 35.91%, while the major amino acids were phenylalanine and arginine. Then, the physical and chemical characteristics of active glycoprotein were analyzed. Its molecular mass was 10kDa, its reactive tempeture range 20～60℃, pH range was 5～9. 10～50mmol/L K+ show little effect on its activity, while Fe3+ has the largest effect on it.

 The wine made by Huaxia winery Co. Ltd. in 2004 was used as raw material to study the changes of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins during aging in American oak, Europen oak, or Occident oak barrel. After the aging in the oak barrel, the concentration of (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) increased, whereas that of (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) slightly decreased. The content and mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of proanthocyanidins decreased, and the composition changed accordingly.

Cellulase was immobilized onto starch-g-poly(acrylonitrile/acrylamide) copolymers carrier by means of diazotization. The effects of different coupling time, buffer pH and the amount of cellulase on activity and specific activity of immobilized enzyme were studied. Some characteristics of immobilized and free cellulases, such as optimum temperature, optimum pH, stabilities to heat, the operational stabilities and the stabilities for reservation were studied and compared. The studies on property of immobilized cellulase showed that the optimal pH is 6.6 and the optimal temperature is 50℃. The thermal stability and the stability for reservation of immobilized cellulase are improved considerably.

Bacillus A32 has been isolated from the slaughtering house soil whose ability on fermenting swine blood was superior. To improve the ability on fermenting swine blood by A32, fermentation conditions were studied on various factors and orthogonal experiments. The optimum fermentation medium containing soybean powder 2%, cornmeal 3%, Na2HPO4·12H2O 0.4%, KH2PO4 0.03%, Na2CO3 0.01% and Mn2+ 0.4mmol/L with pH7.2. At the same time, the effects for producing protease such as time, rotation speed, inoculum size, temperature and metal ions were studied. The results showed that 48h, 190r/min, 2% inoculum size and 30℃ are optimum for producing protease.

The extraction methods for optimum conditions and the general esterase activity of phytoesterase were studied. The paper also researched the sensitivity of phytoesterase extracted from different plant seeds on assaying organophosphate pesticides, and the limits of detection concentration(LDC) of five pesticides were determined. Results showed that the general esterase activity and the sensitivity of the phytoesterase obtained from soybean are the best.

The effects of the geminated corn flour (germination for 6 days) on the lactic acid fermentation and dough fermentation were studied. The results showed that, as additive, germinated corn flour enhanced the growth of lactic acid bacteria and yeast, increased the amount of lactic acid and the viscosity of the fermented milk, and increased holding gas ability and shortened fermentation time in dough fermentaion.

Phytic acid (PA) was applied in Rosa roxburghii Tratt wine for studing the effects on yeast growth and propagation and fermentation of the wine. The results were as follows: (1) PA shortened the fermentation time, reduced the sugar residue and increased the alcohol content; (2) PA accelerated the yeast growth and proliferation, advanced the logarithmic growth phrase and promoted the yeast gemmation; (3) PA improved the alcohol tolerance of yeast; (4) The optimum PA concentration was 0.08% in.the test.

In the paper, several microvinification trials were conducted with Cabernet Sauvignon to assess effects of pre- fermentation thermomaceration with no SO2 addition on red wine, and a wine control was made by adding SO2 and no thermomaceration vinification. The main parameters studied were the heating temperature (60℃ and 70℃)and the length of pre- fermentation thermomaceration (6, 12 and 24h).The results showed that the pre-fermentation thermomaceration increases the reducing sugar obviously and reduces the total acid contents in the grape must. After thermomaceration, the grape materials ferment smoothly. The wines obtained by this technique show considerably better color and higher phenol than the corresponding control wines. Pre-fermentation heating at a temperature of 60℃ lasting from 6 to 24h or 70℃lasting from 6 to 12h has good effects on the quality of red wine.

The process of decreasing methanol in apple spirit, containing ethanol 60.1%(V/V) and methanol 0.85g/L, by packed distilling column was studied in this paper. The results showed that the methanol moved faster and faster to the top with a result of reducing methanol in the bottom boiler simutaniously accompanied with the same changes of ethanol since the beginning of distilling. Whereas, when the ethanol in the boiler is lower than 50%(V/V) the content of methanol in the top liquid of the column shifted to reducing, and the content of the ethanol in the boiler decreased faster. The more the reflux ratio was, the better the methanol was disparated. When reflux ratio arrives at 100:1 for 35min distilling and the methanol in the bottom decreased by 52.9% of its original value, the result met the requirement of qualified spirit according to National Standard. The methanol became lower when reflux ratio of 90:1 or 100:1 was adopted for 50min. Another experiment of reducing methanol with the absorption of 4A molecular sieve was conducted. It showed that the reducing rate by immersing absorption was higher than that by flowing absorption through column. A maximum value was obtained with 30min immersing absorption to reach 61.8% accompanied by a extremely low loss of ethanol. This method is practicable for production.

In this work, based on the results of one–factor-at-a-time-technique method, a three-level Box-Behnken factorial design was employed combining with response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the extraction conditions for the yield of Grifola frondosa polysaccharides (GFPS). A mathematical model was then developed to show the significant effect of each factor and their interactions on the yield of GFPS. Canonical analysis was used to estimated that a maximal yield of polysaccha- rides (10.62%) could be obtained when the extraction conditions of temperature, time and ratio of water to material were set at 89.7℃, 2.48h and 31.1:1, respectively with two-time extraction. These predicted values were also verified by validation experiments.

 Extracts of 10 selected Chinese herb medicines (Rhizoma Coptidis, Cortex Phellodendri, Radix Scutellariae, Fructus Forsythiae, Cortex Magnoliae officinai1s, Radix Glycytthizae, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Flos Lonicerae, Fructus Schisandrae) were tested in vitro against six different microorganisms [bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis), yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)and find (Aspergillus flavu and Trichoderma viride).T he aim was to compare the antimictrobial effects of plant extracts so as to find the efficient method of extraction The results showed that the 10 plant extracts have certain antimictrobial efficacy, and their antibacterial activity is better than their antifungal activity. The extracts of Rhizoma Coptidis, Cortex Phellodendri and Radix Scutellariae exhibit the best antimicrobial activity; whereas the antimicrobial activity of the 70% aqueous methanol extracts is better than by the water extracts.

 Polysaccharides were extracted from ZiZyphus Jujuba cv. Jinsixiaozao. Processes on supersonic extraction and decolorization were studied. Results showed that optimum extraction conditions are: sonic power ranges from 86W to 96W with extraction temperature from 45℃ to 53℃, and time 20min and stock ratio of 1:20. The best decolorant is polyamide. The content of polyamide is 4 times of crude polysaccharides, and the polyamide column is eluted with 1 column volumes of deionized water at flow rate of 0.8ml/min.

The microcapsule of Clove Oil (CO) was prepared by utilizing dried beer yeast(S. cerevisiae) cell as wall materials. The effects of encapsulating temperature, encapsulating time and the ratio of CO to yeast on microencapsulation of CO were investigated by orthogonal experiment design. The results showed that the yield of CO encapsulated in yeast-based microcapsule can reach 41.26% under the conditions of encapsulating temperature at 70℃, encapsulating time of 9h and the ratio of CO to yeast as 1ml/g. The morphology of the microcapsule containing CO observed by microscope is global, with homogeneous size. A major proportion of the cytoplasm is occupied by the twinkling CO. The product has some antiseptic sustaining-release effect on the steam bread.

In order to exploit and utilize the fruit of camphor tree(Cinnamomun camphora(L.)Presl), and provide basis for looking for a new colorant of natural fruit, The extraction methods and stability of red pigment from camphor trees’ fruit by technical conditions such as pH, temperature and time. The results showed that the optimal technical conditons are with the ratio of material to solution is 1:25, pH, temperature and time are 60℃ and 90min respectively. The most apparent absorption wavelength of the pigment is 509nm among the visible spectrums. With pH of 1 its A509nm is obvious, and its colour is bright, but it is not stable to temperature, so the effect from pH is apparent. When pH is 5, its A509nm is lower, but it is stable to temperature. When pH is higher than 8, the pigement color changes. Its stability to metal ion is high such as: Fe3+ can change its color, Cu2+ can add its color but expedite degradation, while Ca2+ can also degrade it and Mg2+ and Na+ cannot badly affect it at all. Food additives such as VC and citric acid can add its color, while sodium benzoate can decrease its color, but sucrose and starch can affect it little, and reductant-oxidant can destroy it.

The purification technology of flavonoids from sesame leaves by means of absorbent resin chromatography was studied in this paper. The optimum conditions of purification are as follow: The crude flavonoids extracts are washed with water at pH8.0, and eluted with alcohol at concentration 70% (V/V). The purity of flavonoids is 31.6% in the extracts after purification.

Ally isothiocyante has shown a strong and wide antimicrobial activity, but its volatility and odour limited its direct usage in food preservation. In this paper, the inclusion of AITC by cyclodextrins was carried out and by the way of controlled release from the complexation, AITC exhibits a stronger antimicrobial effect and less stink than the free AITC. Meanwhile the inclusion of AITC by CD provides an applicable powder form, which is also easy to be used in practice.

In this paper, the hen feed was supplemented with different composition and content polyunsaturated fatty acids. The effect of hen feed on the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid was studied in the different part of hen such as egg yolk, chicken, heart, liver, and the effect of different prescription on body weight, egg production, daily feed intake of hens was studied. The result showed that the content of DHA andα- linolenic acid in the different part of hen reached its climax after 15 days and the enriched polyunsaturated fatty acid feed had no disadvantage to body weight, egg production, daily feed intake of hens.

The aerobic plate count(APC) and the diversity of microbial communities on pork carcasses surface of skinning and scalding processes were studied by using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and traditional culture-dependent and the changes of APC and coliform (Coli) after lactic acid sprayed were investigated in this paper. The result showed that the microbial species of scalded process after scalding are more than skinning process after being skinned and the level of original contaminated is higher too. The microbial contamination of carcasses surface was mostly due to the initial stages of slaughter. In addition, after spraying 3.5% lactic acid, the APC and Coli of skinning process was significantly decreased to 2.95logCFU/cm2, but it has no effect on scalding process at the end of the slaughter line, therefore different slaughter process should have different control points and HACCP system.

The new method of cations and anions determination in the beer by ion chromatography was probed in this paper. The features of the 8 kinds of anions and 5 kinds of cations measured by routine analysis and ion chromatography were elaborated. Samples were diluted and then injected directly. With this method, good linear relationship, sensitivity and reproducitivity and reproducibility were obtained. To compare the self-suppressed mode, chemical suppressed mode is an efficient, accurate method for the determination of anions and cations in drinks or other water resourses.

Tea polysaccharide was purified by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, and its purity and molecular weight (Mw) were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). The GPC elution behavior of tea polysaccharide on UltrahydrogelTM 500(7.8×300mm)column was studied by using mobile phase with various concentrations of NaCl. Dextran T- system was found to be unsuitable as Mw calibration standards in GPC because the Mw of tea polysaccharide was changed with the change of ionic concentration in the mobile phase. Thus, the purified tea polysaccharide obtained in this study was standardized to be used instead as the calibration standards for the determination and comparison of tea polysaccharides in tea samples collected from different geographic locations and species varieties. The GPC was run at 35℃on an UltrahydrogelTM 500 column(7.8× 300mm)with a refractive index(RI) detector. Distilled water was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6ml/min. The calibration curve was linear over the tea polysaccharide concentration range of 0.604～6.04mg/ml, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.9997. The tea polysaccharide mass recovery ranged from 80.4% to 93.2% with a RSD of 5.42%. The assay method developed in this paper is found to be simple, reproducible and reliable, and thus ideally suitable for the quality control of tea polysaccharide derived products and raw materials.

A method for determination of β- glucosidase activity using geniposide as substrate by amino acid colorimetry was reported. The hydrolysis conditions of geniposide with β- glucosidase and the color reaction conditions, were optimized as: hydrolyzing temperature 50℃, time 10min, pH5.0, color reaction temperature 100℃, color reaction time 10min with the volume ratio of geniposide solvent to Arg solvent 1:1.The method measurement range is 0.05～1U/ml, the linear correlationship 0.9998, the detection limit 0.02U/ml and RSD 1.5%(n=5) with the recovery rate is 99.5% to 101.1%.This method has the advantages of wide measuring range, and the determination of β- glucosidase activity.

It is an urgent affair to think up a quick and precise method in the identification of tea varieties. A rapid tea identification method by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy coupled with pattern recognition based on SIMCA was proposed in this paper. In the spectra region between 6500cm-1 and 5300cm-1, four predictive models of Longjing tea, Biluochun tea, Qihong tea and Tieguanyin tea were built separately by the standard normal variate (SNV) preprocessing method with SIMCA pattern recognition method. The results showed that four models are the best when 4, 5, 2 and 3 principal components were used separately in building models. Under theα=5% significance level, the identification rates of four models for the unknown samples are 90%, 80%, 100% and 100% in turn by means of NIR wave lengths, while, the rejection rates of four models are all 100%. A new idea by the quick and precise identification of tea was offered in this paper.

Determination of saccharides in orange juice was studied by high performance liquid chromatography. Saccharides were extracted from samples with water by oscillation and isolated by solid phase extraction with Sep-Pak-C18 cartridge. Sucrose, glucose and fructose were separated on an Agilent Zorbax Carbohydrate column(4.6×250mm, 5μm), with 80% acetonitrile solution as mobile phase, around temperature 25±2℃. The relative standard deviations are 0.83%～1.71% and the recoveries are 96%～103%. This method can be applied to the determine saccharides components in orange juice.

In this article, Aloe polysaccharide was extracted by water and precipitated by ethanol. The polysaccharide was hydrolyzed by TFA. A method for the derivatization of polysaccharide hydrolysate with 1-phenyl-3-methyl- 5-pyrazolone (PMP) was used to study the composition and molar ratio of three different species of Aloe by RP-HPLC. Results showed that the method of using RP-HPLC on studing Aloe polysaccharide composition is simple and convienient, and the Aloe polysaccharidescontent and sugar composition show differences among different species. Thus,a new method to study Aloe polysaccharide composition is established.

 The paper’s aim was to get the optimum wavelength for the determination of xylose content by DNS method. The reaction solution of xylose and DNS regent was scanned from 400～700nm,and the OD values were determined, respectively. The results showed that the max absorption is from 480～490nm, and the line range of the method is 150～600μg/ml (r=0.99997) xylose at 480nm. The result also showed the sensitivity, accuracy, precision are the highest at 480nm, and the recollection rate is more than 99.5%. Therefore, the optimum wavelength is 480nm when the xylose is determined by the DNS method.

The method for determination of trace tin in vegetable tin-canned foods by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry was reported. The instrument parameters were optimized. The effects of matrix medium of samples, potassium borohydride and acid medium concentration on the determination results were studied. The interfering and removing of coexistence ions in sample matrix were studied. The determination method, which hydrochloric acid used as the acid medium and potassiumferricyanide and oxalic acid were used as a masking agent was established. In the linear conditions, the linear range of determination is 1.23～300μg/L. Within the range of 0～160μg/L, the related coefficient is 0.997, the limit of detection 1.20μg/L and the relative standard deviations and recoveries are in the range of 1.22%～1.85%, and 91.78%～105.4%, respectively.

The determining method of trace selenium in animal viscera was studied by combining of oxygen bomb ash test and spectrophotometry. The samples of animal viscera were decomposed by burning with abundant oxygen in oxygen bomb. Then the selenium compound in different forms of food was either oxidized or decomposed to oxides or free selenium vapor, the decomposed product were fully absorbed by thick base liquid NaOH and then the pH value of absorbed liquid set to 5～8. In HCl a ternary complex solution was formed among Se(IV) I3- and crystal violet in the presence of PAV. The absorption maximum is 580nm. The concentration range of 0～0.25μg/ml of selenium obeys beer’s law. By separation on EDTA as shelter solvent and thiourea as reductive, the interference of most of the coexisting elements was eliminated. Equation of linear regression equation is C=0.4676A-0.0055, the related coefficient r is 0.9995 and the recovery rates were the range of 99.14%～100.79%. This method has been applied to the determination of trace selenium in animal internal organs with satisfactory results.

A simple, rapid, accurate method is studied for assay of vanillin by Reversed Phase-High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. The chromatographic column is C18 with acetonitrile/water(85/15, V/V) as the eluting phase, and elute in isoconcentration. The detected wavelength is 279nm. The RSD is 0.46% and the recovery 98.17%～99.50%. The method is satisfactory for assaying the finished vanillin product, and also for analyzing the semifinished product .

A method for analysis of γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) in germinated brown rice by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was developed. A gradient elution was used for the separation and quantification of GABA pre-column derivatization with AQC. The column was Waters AccQ·Tag for free amino acids. GABA was determined with UV detector at 248.0nm. Good linearities were observed within the ranges from 0.10 to 1.0 with equation of Y=3.0×106X-7877.6 (r=0.9999). And the recoveries were 99.0%～100.5% for GABA. The method is simple, steady, sensitive, accurate. GABAs in sixteen types of germinated brown rice were determinated by the method. The results showed that the content of GABA in germinated brown rice is significantly higher than that in normal brown rice.

 Objective: To study the effect of immune bovine milk(IBM)on regulating blood glucose and serum lipid of innormal and diabetic mice.Methods: Normal mice and alloxan-induced diabetic mice were fed immune bovine milk for 30 days. The serum glucose levels and serum lipid of diabetic mouse and normal mouse were assayed. Results: The immune bovine milk can decrease significantly the blood glucose and serum lipid of the diabetic mice but shows no effect on blood glucose and serum lipid of normal mice.

【Abstract】 Objectives: To study the inhibitory effects of tomato juice on the growth of human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells and the probable mechanism. Methods: PC-3 cells were treated with the tomato juice in different concentrations(40, 80, 120μl/ml) and different contents lycopene for 48h; the proliferation of PC -3 cells were assayed by growth curve and MTT(Thiazolyl blue) assay. TUNEL(Terminal decxynucleotide mediated nick end labeling) were used to observe the morphology of apoptotic cells. The flow cytometry was also used to analyze the PC-3 apoptosis. Results: High concentrations lycopene and tomato juice can markedly inhibit the proliferation of PC-3 cells, while TUNEL positive cells were detectable. Apoptotic peaks by flow cytometry in experimental groups and lycopene group are also detected. The effects measured in experiments above were enhanced with the increasing of tomato juice. The effects of low dose group are weaker than lycopene group but there is no difference between the middle dose group and the lycopene group.The effect of high dose group is stronger than the lycopene group. Conclusions: This study revealed that the anti- prostate cancer effect of tomato juice is not only related to lycopene but also to, other components which have the synergistical interection with lycopene. And lycopene and tomato juice can induce apoptosis of PC-3 cells, a result related to inhibiting the proliferation of PC-3 cells.

 Objective: To study the effects of natural red yolk of duck’s eggs on immunity effects of normal mice. Methods: The immunomodulation activity of natural red yolk of duck’s eggs was studied by delayed type hypersensitivity response (DTH) induced by DNFB and serum hemolysin in normal mice. The indexes of thymus gland and spleen were also studied. And the sections of spleens of all mice were observed under the microscope. Conclusions: The natural red yolk of duck’s eggs could enhance delayed type hypersensitivity and increase the level of serum hemolysin. From the pathological observation,we knew that the germinal centres of lymphonodus and splenic nodules of the group C and D were indentical. And spleens of the group C’s and D’s have had well-developed splenic sinusoid.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelium polysaccharides (PNMP) against oxidation and senescence. Method: According to different polysaccharide doses, grouped animals were respectively conducted in experiments of fruit fly survival and mice’s antioxidation capability. The assay indexes were: mortality of fruit fly group, and MDA content, activity of GSH-PX and SOD etc in mice. Results: regon K’s average-life-span and max-life-span after receiving PNMP were both significantly higher, compared with the control group(p<0.05).When mice were fed by PNMP, SOD activity in their RBC between different dose groups all significantly increased by the control, and the value was very obvious in middle dose group (p<0.05). Compared with the control group, MDA, LPF contents in serum and brain organs between different dose groups had declined, and the middle dose group kept the sharp trend (p<0.05) in terms of MDA in serum. In addition, PNMP also showed obvious inhibition effect on H2O2-induced rats’RBC hemolysis. Conclusion: PNMP had obvious part of antioxidation and senescence-resistance.

In this paper, it was studied that the ultrasonic extraction method was one of ideal methods by comparing different methods of extracting the total Jujuboside from Ziziphus jujuba Mill and the optimum conditions were obtained by orthogonal test. The Ziziphas jujuba Mill extracted solution was given to the mice according to different doses and, to induce sleep afterwards. The sleeping latency time and sleeping time were assayed. The results proved that the Jujuboside from Ziziphus jujuba Mill product significantly improves the sleep quality of mice and the optimal low dose is obtained.

A formula of heat-relieving drink combining mungbean with lotus leaf, chrysanthemum and honeysuckle, which were commonly considered as traditional Chinese medicine for both food and medicine, was made in this research. In order to optimize the formula and assay the function of the drink, the animal experiment was used. The results showed the optimum process was that: the volume ratio of the extracting solution of mungbean, lotus leaf, chrysanthemum and honeysuckle, in terms of the syrup and water was 30:2:1:1:4:12 respectively, it indicated that the drink made by this formula is not only nutritive and savory but also helpful for relieving heat and promoting urination.

 Objective: To study the health functionality of a new yoghourt fermented with haw (or medlar) and Lycium Chinese (SG yoghourt) for reducing blood lipids and immunologic regulation in rat and mouse. Method: The animal model groups of pathology, SG yoghourt, and ordinary yoghourt were assayed respectively. The blood lipids (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C), phagocytose of macrophage, exponents of thymus and spleen, and hemolysin, in animals of vary groups, were assayed and the related effects were observed. Result: There are obviously reduction in blood lipids and regulation of immunology comparing the SG yoghourt group with the pathology group or ordinary yoghourt group (p≤0.05～0.001). Conclusion: SG yoghourt shows the fine function of reducing blood lipids and promoting immunological regulation. The new SG yoghourt has a broad exploiting prospect as a healthful food.

Microbiological, chemical and organoleptic quality changes for chilled Pseudosciaena crocea stored aerobically at 0, 5℃ were mainly assayed. The bacteria growth of chilled Pseudosciaena crocea was described by using modified Gompertz equation. The shelf life was assayed by using TVBN, for organoleptic and microbiological quality indexes, and then validated by using the exponential spoilage model. The results showed that the shelf life is 408 or 252h, TVC 7.37±0.04 1gCFU/g or 7.26±0.07 lgCFU/g, TVBN 31.16±0.64, or 27.32±0.76 mg/100g during the storage at 0 or 5℃, respectively. The shelf life on Pseudosciaena crocea at temperatures 3℃ and 5℃ were predicted by the exponential spoilage model . Basic errors between predicted shelf life and observed shelf life are 5.6%～-14.9%. The results indicate that the model is valuable for rapid and realistic prediction of the freshness quality and shelf life of chilled Pseudosciaena crocea stored aerobically from 0 to 5℃.

The article studies the relationship between the active dynamic changes of polyphenol oxidase and hydrogen- peroxidase during watermelon storage about the changes of respiration intensity, firmness and cell membrane permeation rate so as to seek for a method to preserve watermelon better and the relationship among them. When the activity of polyphenol oxidase reaches the maximum, watermelon arrives at peak of breath. The active dynamic changes of polyphenol oxidase can indicate the arrival of the high breath peak. However it turns out that during the preservation the changes of respiration intensity of watermelon and the active changes of the hydrogen-peroxidase reverse relationship.

A new fashion nano-packing was developed for the preservation of green tea. The O2 and RH transmission rate of the packing decreased 2.1%, 28%, while the longitudinal strength increased 24% in comparison with the normal packing. After 240 days, the remains of vitamin C, chlorophyll, polyphenol and amino acid increased 7.7%, 6.9%, 10.0% and 2.0% respectively in green tea higher with nano-packing than with normal packing.

 Bio-control of postharvest diseases of fruits has been a research focus, but bio-antagonists could not offer a consistent control efficacy of disease as synthetic fungicides, so limiting their commercial applicability. Many methods of enhancing the control efficacy of bio-antagonists to postharvests diseases of fruits were indicated by researchers recently, so this paper reviewed the methods.

Resistant starch (RS) is defined as "the sum of starch and starch degradation not absorbed in the small intestine of healthy individuals". This physiological definition of RS raises a difficulty in proper analytical quantification of RS. The present review described main methods to measure RS both in vivo and in vitro. The in vitro method needed imitation in vivo conditions and to be directly validated by in vivo methods. The simple and reliable method of McCleary et al. is the only method accepted by the AOAC(AOAC method 2002.02)for determining the amount of RS in foods.

Polysaccharides are the essential component in many kinds of artificial foods, applied as thickener, suspending agent or gelatinizing agent. Those polysaccharides usually come from higher plants, algae or some kinds of mushrooms. Recently, great attentions are paid to bacterial polysaccharides because of their stable structure and function, inexpensive price and low dosage in use. In this paper, existing exploitations and application foreground in food industry by using several bacterial polysaccha- rides were introduced, including the structure, characteristic and synthesis pathway of bacterial polysaccharides as well as their applications in food industry. Finally, developing trends of bacteria polysaccharides were prospected.

 Foodborne pathogenic microorganism was one of the important factors that could affect the quality and safety of food. It was been of realistic significance that the rapid detection technology of foodborne pathogenic microorganism should be designed and cosummated. Q-PCR was rapid, sensitive , specific and accurate for quantitative determination technology. If it could be effectively utilized, the rapid detection of foodborne pathogenic microorganism would make obvious progress.

The migrations of BPA and epoxy derivatives in can coating has been identified as an environment hormone. It has been already strictly limited by EU-SCF because of causing endocrine disorders and heredity gene variation in human body. This paper reviewed reports of migration and determination of these compounds in food cans coating .

The paper reviewed the healthy function and nutritional value of the buckwheat and illustrates the economic value of buckwheat be exploited and utilized. Further, analysis the good prospects of buckwheat exploitation and utilization.

In this paper, introduces the current situation of grape wine industry in our country, simply analyzes the main question in grape wine industry at the moment, and in order to boost the development of our country socialism market economy, provides the relevant advice that how to look for a healthy, high-speed, stable way of our country wine industry.

 This article explored the operation and design of fresh milk favoritism sensual evaluation test so as to discuss some sensual evaluation styles of commonly seen, results and analyzed the result of fresh milk sensual evaluation by fuzzy mathematics, and also discussed the influence of personal factor for the result of the test.

The protective color preserving techniques of chestnut in the course of manufacture were emphatically studied. The results showed that the formala of color preserving materials are: citric acid 0.3%, EDTA-2Na 0.05%, VC 0.5%, NaHSO3 0.15%. Chestnut kernels after being rinded were immersed in color preserving liquid 50min by adding color preserving materials to the boiling 40% sugar liquid. The product will gain better luster and sensory quality.