Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL) gene of Glycine max L (GM) was cloned by SOE-PCR method from the genomic DNA. The full length exon of PAL expression vector pET-GMPAL was constructed and expressed in E.coli. Catalytic activity of conversion L-phenylalanine into cinnamic acid by the recombination GMPAL is achieved at high specific activity, up to 211.7μmol/g pro·min (3529μkat/kg), higher than the parsley recombinant PAL, and Rhotodotorula glutins PAL. Molecular weight of the expressed PAL protein was estimated to be 77.9kD. The amounts of PAL protein expression level was 8% of total E.coli soluble proteins by SDS-PAGE. Results indicated that soybean recombinant PAL is efficiently expressed in E.coli as fully activated functional enzyme.

300 strains marine Streptomyces were isolated and purified from the samples, obtained from Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao. Marine Streptomyces sp. M259 is one of the 300 strains marine Streptomyces, a high yield blue pigment produce. This paper mainly describe the fermentation and extraction methods of the blue pigment, and the results of our experiments showed that the blue pigment has no antibacterial activities to the eight microorganisms and the absorption peak is at 590nm. Moreover, it can be well dissolved in water and the color of blue pigment solution is red in acidic condition and blue in alkalescent condition. The effectsof light, temperature, sugar, reducer, metallic ions, and food additives are inconspicuous on blue pigment stability. The poisonous experiments confirmed that the blue pigment is an actually innoxious substance and can be safely applied in industrial production.

 The effects of NaCl and CaCl2 on the gelation process and viscoelasticities of commercial soy protein isolate (SPI) heat-induced gels were investigated by dynamic oscillatory measurements. It was shown that the addition of NaCl slowed down the beginning gelation point of commercial SPI, but improved remarkably its gelling properties. As for commercial SPI disper- sions treated with ultrasonic, the addition of NaCl brought forward the on-set of gelation, and decreased the viscoelasticities of last formed gels. The addition of CaCl2 also greatly brought forward the on-set of gelation, and at the same time increased theviscoelasticities of last formed gels. Those results suggested that the gelling properties of commercial SPI can be improved by ultrasonic treatment. It seemed that the SPI dispersions treated with ultrasonic can be directly transformed into gels, through controlling the addition of CaCl2.

The processing proteolysis of Nanjing dry-salted duck plays an important role in the forming of its special flavor. In this experiment, SDS-PAGE was used to analyze proteolysis of dry-salted duck samples of different processing phases and the changes of proteolysis were also studied. The free-amino acid (FAA) were assayed the results showed that different levels of proteolysis appear in each processing phase and the level of proteolysis increases with the processing. The contents of FAA increase in relatively different degrees.

External factors affecting the emulsification properties of soybean isolated protein were studied. The results indicated that the emulsification capability of soybean isolated protein is closely related to protein concentration, heating temperature, pH, NaCl concentration, carrageenan concentration and stirring time. These factors can be considered when the emulsification properties, emulsification stability and emulsification activity of soybean protein are required properties.

In this paper, the stability of water-soluble flavonol is studied in different conditions. The results show that the water- soluble flavonol is relatively stable under the low temperature and in the range of pH>6. Sn2+, Cu2+ and light affect it obviously on its light absorbency, but Fe3+, Al3+ and some food additives affect it little. The water-soluble flavonol has relatively good antioxidant property and anti-reduction. β-cyclodextrin can improve the heat stability of the water-soluble flavonol.

This paper studied the antimicrobial characteristics of extracts from Sabina vulgaris Ant bark with ethanol. The results indicated that the extract of a certain concentration can inhibit the growth of bacteria. That was: Bacillus subtilis: MIC 0. 25%, MBC 0.5%, Staphylococcus aureus: MIC 0.125%, MBC 0.125%, Escherichia coli: MIC 0.0625%, MBC 0.125%, Bacillus thruingiensis: MIC 0.125%, MBC 0.25%, Proteus vulgaris: MIC 0. 0625%, MBC 0.125%, Enterobacter aerogenes: MIC 0.03125%, MBC 0.125%. Extract of Sabina vulgaris Ant was also studied for its stability to temperature, ultraviolet and metal ions.

The gel functional properties of salt soluble proteins of chicken breast was studied here by Mixed regression design in this experiment. Different polyphosphates mixture(STPP, DSPP, HMP) were applied to improve the meat quality in a certain cases. The protein content, protein composition, water-holding-capacity(WHC), rheological properties of heat-induced gel of chick breast were measured and analysed, so that the better polyphosphates mixture was choosed. The main research contentswere as followed: the effect of different polyphosphates mixture was different. In certain cases(0.01mol/L MgCl2, 0.6mol/L NaCl, pH7.0), the WHC and rheological properties of the chicken breast gel was better when the polyphosphates mixture was DSPP: STPP:HMP = 1/3:5/12:1/4 and total amount was 3g/kg.

The pigment stability from crayfish offal was studied in this paper. The results showed that the pigment unstable under light and high temperature and when the temperature was over 70℃, a sharp decrease in color is found. There is a decreasing trend of absorbance in higher wavelength with the temperature increasing and the maximum absorbance wavelength is moved to relatively short wavelength. The maximum absorbance wavelength of pigment varies in different solvents. The stability of pigment in ethanol is higher than that in acetone. The pigment is stable in the presence of Ca2+ and Zn2+, while unstable in the presence of Fe2+ and Cu2+.

 An endophytic Strain EJS-3 producing exopolysaccharide (EPS) of 23.6g/L was derived from tissues of Stemona japonica (Blume) Miq and identified on the base of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The sequence fragment of 1450bp 16S ribosomal RNA was amplified from total DNA of strain EJS-3 by PCR. The sequence analysis was complete by the application of BLAST on the websites of NCBI and phylogenetic tree was drawn with Bioedit 7.0 and Treedrawing. The results showed that EJS-3 shares 99.31% 16S rRNA sequence homology with Paenibacillus polymyxa KCTC 1663. In phylogenetic framework of bacteria classification, strain EJS-3 belongs to Paenibacillus polymyxa.

The solution produced by enzyme from corn protein has anti-hypertensive activity. To obtain high activity angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor peptides (ACEIP), the method of ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and RP-HPLC were used to separate the solution. Five ACEIPs were obtained .

 Oat bran protein concentrate was prepared from oat bran. Meanwhile, oat bran protein was fractionated into Osborne fractions: albumin, globulin, prolamin, and glutelin. Globulin and glutelin were the major fractions. The albumin extraction solution contained a large number of soluble carbohydrates, which could be removed by ammonium sulfate precipitation. After purification, the content of protein in albumin preparation increased from 6.5% to 67.2%. SDS-PAGE showed that OBPC and the four solubility fractions had different polypeptide compositions. Some functional properties of OBPC and the soluble fractions, including the solubility, water- and oil-holding capacities, emulsifying activity, and foaming properties, were deter- mined to assess the potential use of oat proteins as a food ingredient.

The effects of total triterpenes of Lagerstroemia specious L on adipocyte’s glucose and fat metabolism were compared, for assessing the possible mechanism of its hypoglycemic activity. The glucose consumption in 3T3-L1 was investigated. The 3T3-L1 cell was stained by oil red O for analyzing the fat content by spectrophotograpy quantitatively. The results showed: Total triterpenes of Lagerstroemia specious L have the effects to promote glucose metabolism and fat content control. The results suggested that the total triterpenes of Lagerstroemia specious L have the hypoglycemic activity.

 To produce fermented milk that can inhibit the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE), then the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI) can be purified from the fermented milk. Skim milk was sterilized at 115℃ for 15min, inoculated with 4%(V/V)starter containing L. helveticus, and fermented at 37℃ for 24h. Finally, the fermented milk was obtained with rather high inhibitory activity to ACE. From the whey of fermented milk, two kinds of ACEI pepetides of most functions were purified by using ultrafilter, cation exchange with shanghai 732, gel filter with Sephadex G-15 and several step HPLC. The structures of two peptides were Phe-Pro and Ala-Glu-Glu respectively determined by LC/MS and amine acid composition, and the concentrations of peptides needed to inhibit 50% of ACE activity (IC50) were 12.05μmol/L and 12.42μmol/L, respectively.

In this paper, the preparation technology of extracting polyphenols from lichee hulls and its DPPH radical scavenging activity were studied. Lichee hulls were ground, then infused with 8 volumes(V/W) of 50% acetone solution at room temperature for 2 times, 2h per time. Under these conditions, the yield of crude polyphenols was 34.2%. The crude polyphenols was purified with AB-8 type resin, the purity of the 30% ethanol elution part, with the reclaim rate of polyphenols was 85.5%, and its IC50 value on scavenging DPPH radical was 4.17μg/ml.

Extracts of Salvia officinalis leaves were investigated for their radical scavenging activity by using four chemiluminescence systems and two colorimetric systems. The results showed that extracts of Salvia officinalis could effectively scavenge O2·, ·OH and DPPH·, reduce or prevent DNA oxidative damage caused by ·OH and inhibit lipid pexoxidation. The present study suggests that extracts of Salvia officinalis are effective and of multifunctional natural antioxidants and radical scavenger, so it is a kind of natural plant that is worthy of being further exploited and utilized.

On differet pH, the stabilization of myoglobin(Mb) and hemoglobin(Hb) decreaes with increase of temperature. when the temperature is beyond 60℃, their characteristic absorption peaks disappear. At room temperature, with the increase if pH value from 4.0 to 6.5, their characteristic absorption peaks gradually increase. Testing the stabilization of Mb and Hb in different concentrations of sodium chloride, the results show: at 4 per cent cincentration, the stabilization of Mb is best.

The tea polyphenoloxidase biosensor was constructed by coupling an oxygen gas-diffusion electrode with a tea polyphenoloxidase membrane prepared from fresh tea leaves. The effects of the activation reagent, buffer medium, pH and temperature on the responses to pyrogallic acid were investigated. The responses were sensitive to catechol, pyrogallic acid and tea polyphenols. Under optimum conditions the linearity range of dynamic response to standard tea polyphenols was 1.5～ 9.5g/L, the Michaelis Equation was R(mV/S)=17.35C/(3.058+C) (C: g/L), and the Michaelis constant was 3.06g/L. Results achieved by means of the biosensor for determination of the total content of polyphenols in tea samples were consistent with those achieved by means of the national standard method.

 In this study, with complete coding sequences (CDS) of N-methyltransferase (NMT) genes, the tea varieties of Camellia.sinensis var. assamica.cv. yinghong 9, Camellia sinensis cv. Fuyun 6 and Camellia ptilophylla chang were cloned with RT-PCR, and the deduced amino acid sequences were 365aa, 369aa and 369aa respectively. The cDNA sequences of NMT were analysed and compared with other NMT. The NMT genes obtained from Camellia show above 86.5% homology in DNA sequence and above 86.3% in amino acid sequence, while all the cDNA include six conserve sequences, three SAM combined region of A, B’, C and one VFFF conserve domain. Based on sequence homology comparisons, the differences in DNA sequence of Camellia ptilophylla chang are presumed to have changed the NMT substrate specificity and led to different accumulation of purine alkaloids.

The in vitro antioxidant effects of flavonoids of sweet potato vines (FSPV) were studied. The scavenging capacities of FSPV on 1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl, superoxide and hydroxyl free radical were assayed. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity on linoleic acid was studied with thio barbituric acid(TBA) method. These results showed, on DPPH free radical, the scavenging effect of FSPV is very good (IC50=8.60mg/L). The scavenging activity on superoxide free radical is stronger than lutin’s, but weakerthan VC’s, and the scavenging activity on hydroxyl free radical is better than lutin’s and VC’s. Moreover, FSPV shows strong antioxidant activities on linoleic acid. So, experiments in vitro indicated that FSPV blings about strong antioxidative effect.

The quantitative distribution of microflora of vegetable brining was studied, with special attention to the effects of washing with water of different salt contents and of different temperatures during the brining process. Total counts of mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), bacterial endospores (B.endospores), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Enterobacteriaceae were taken as the measurement index. After 12h brining TMAB was inhibited in maximal velocity and LAB survived most when the brine concentration was 8%(W/V), brine temperature 15℃, and brining time 12h. High level of TMAB (>106CFU/g) and Enterobacteriaceae (>105CFU/g) were found in the whole brining time, and 90% of TMAB was identified as Gram-negative. The level of fungi, LAB, B.endospores is >104CFU/g, >103CFU/g, >102CFU/g respectively in 12h brining process.

The rheological property of strawberry Fragaria slurry was studied in this paper. The apparent viscosity of strawberry slurry increases with the increase of the solid content or the decrease of the temperature. while the particle granularity descreases, the apparent viscosity increases first and descreases next. when the diameter is smaller than 185μm.

Extraction of the Chromo-cor and saccharides from Rhodiola rosea with different ethanol concentrations as infusions was studied in this paper. Different compounds were assayed with spectrophotometeric method. Results of the study showed that the higher amount of the Chromo-cor content (1.086%) can be extracted from Rhodiola rosea about 24 hours infusion with 50% ethanol and it is considered to be the optimum conditions for the extractions of Chromo-cor. The water extract of the residue infused by 85% ethanol is the optimum one for the extraction of saccharide from Rhodiola rosea and the calculated amount is 1. 086%.The bacteriostatic activities of the different compounds from medicinal plant Rhodiola rosea were also further studied in this experiment. The results showed: the antimicrobial activity of Chromo-cor from Rhodiola rosea on Staphylococcus aureus was the highest among the several bacteria used for the study (the diameter of the antimicrobial circle was 21.25 mm). It alsoshows weak inhibitory effect to E.coli; while the saccharide from the Rhodiola rosea does not show any antimicrobial activity to all bacteria used in this study.

Inulin is well recognized to be nutritious as food ingredient with good functionalities. Because of impurities including salts, crude protein, mono-and disaccharides, the crude inulin can not be widely used in human foods. Current purification operations have their own shortcomings, while a new operation of electrodialysis is evaluated with different operation voltage in the purification process of the crude inulin to remove salts and proteins. The tendency analysis of conductivity, pH, ash content, crude protein content, and sugar profile has indicated that electrodialysis is a feasible operation to remove the charged impurities, such as salts (70% removed after 1h) and crude protein (47% removed after 1h), without remarkable change of sugar profile. Being an economical and efficient purification operation, electrodialysis may alleviate the load of downstream operations.

Antihypertensive peptide derived from yak milk casein was separated by ultra-filtration technology. The effects of pressure, temperature and concentrations of peptides on ultra-filtration permeate flux were investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions are: 5% peptides, pressure 0.15MPa and temperature 45℃. The relative molecular mass of permeates was investigated by high performance size exclusion chromatography. The results showed that the peptides mixtures can be effectively separated by ultra-filtration. The permeate fractions show higher ACE inhibitory activity than original peptide mixtures.

In this paper, it investigated that people could judge the piquancy degree of piquancy food only by sensory estimation in Guiyang Region. Hence the content of capsaicine in different piquancy food was determined. The piquancy degree of piquancy food was graded by the results of sensory estimation for capsaicine content in piquancy food. There are: 1 grade(mild piquancy, content of capsaicine<0.30%), 2 grade (middling piquancy, content of capsaicine 0.30%～0.50%), 3 grade (piquancy, content of capsaicine 0.50%～0.70%) and 4 grade (very piquancy, content of capsaicine >0.80%). The paper also discussed the production process of different piquancy degree in foods in order to utilize the raw material of capsicum in reason.

 A kind of fried chips was made with special potato variety (Atlantic) suitable for deep-fat frying at normal atmospheric pressure. The effects of thickness, drying time (water content), the concentration of the coating, frying temperature and frying time on quality of product were studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions are as follows: thickness of slices 2.0mm, drying time 80min at 50℃, and water content of semi-product controlled about 60% with-product coated with the solution of CMC-Na 0.8% and frying time 2min at 180℃.

Ultrafiltration is a necessary process to ensure an efficient operation of the ion-exchange column chromatography of xyolitol fermentation broth of the hemicellulose hydrolysate of sugar cane bagasse. After desalination by ion-exchange column process, followed by decoloration with active carbon, the purified xylitol syrup was concentrated up to soluble solids 80%. Then, the xylitol product could be crystallized out with purity up to 98.5%. The xylitol preparation of the second and third crystallization of the mother liquor could not gain a purity of 98.5% unless it has been recrystallized. In this process, the ultimate yield of xylitol product with a purity of 98.5% could reach about 70.6%. Under this technics, the suitable cut-molecular weight of ultrafiltration membrane is 5000kD and the proper value ratio of anion resin to cation resin is about 1.5:1, while the reasonable dosage of active carbon equals to 2.5 percent of the amount of soluble solids in syrup. In the crystallized mother liquor, if the concentration of arabinose is 45.0% higher than that of xylitol, or the concentration of xylose is 12.6% higher than that of xylitol, this two will crystallize out at same time as the xylitol crystallizs. It is difficult to efficiently purify the xylitol from such mother liquor only by the crystallization process alone.

Conditions of extraction and further isolation of chlorogenic acid from dandelion (Taraxacum. mongolicum Hand) in orthogonal test with macroporous resin NKA-9 were studied in this paper. Chlorogenic acid was isolated from dandelion with semi-preparing liquid chromatography. The optimum extraction conditions for dandelion chlorogenic acid were established as follows: ratio of material to liquor 1:16, 80% ethanol(V/V) as solvent and reflux extraction at 60℃ for 2 hours. The extraction rate of chlorogenic acid is as high as 69%. Chlorogenic acid was purified with macroporous resin NKA-9. The optimum purified conditions were established as follows: the sample concerntration 0.26mg/ml (pH 2.0), the ratio of the sample volume to the mass of macroporous resin NKA-9 12, and 30% ethanol as eluting solvent at 2ml/min. the purity of obtained chlorogenic acid is 25.3%. Finally, chlorogenic acid of higher purification (87.6%) is obtained with semi-preparing liquid chromatography.

The technics of using soybean dregs as the raw material with microorganism fermentation and high-pressurehomogenization to process high amount of dietary fiber was introduced in this study. Effects of fermentation conditions and homogenization pressures on SDF content were studied. The results showed that the amount of SDF is increased by 15% through fermentation and by more than 20% through high-pressure homogenization. The pretreatment of fermentation is propitious to increase SDF in high-pressure homogenization, and the contents of SDF can reach 30% when homogenized at 40MPa pressure.

The optimum extracting conditions of flavones in Yunnan Docynia delavayi (Franch.) Schneid were investigated by single factor experiment with the orthogonal experimental design. The results showed that various methods have different effects on extraction rate of flavones. In the Soxhlet extraction, the extraction rate is high when n-butanol is used as solvent extracts. In the back-flow, 12:1 of 75% ethanol to Yunnan Docynia delavayi (Franch.)Schneid weight, extracted 2 times and 1.5h for each time are optimal. In the 60% ethanol ultrasonic extract, the extraction time 60min is optimal.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), as dietary supplement or nutraceutical, is essential for cell respiration and electron transfer,helping control the production of energy in cells. The bioavailability of CoQ10 might be improved when using nanocapsule technology to prepare CoQ10 nanoliposomes. In this study,ethanol injection-sonication method was selected to prepare stable CoQ10 nanoliposomes with better microencapsulation quality. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), encapsulation yield (EY) and storage stability(including the change of transmittance at 500nm (T500nm) and the retention rate of core material (RR))of CoQ10 liposomes with eggyolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) as leading wall material were found better than those of CoQ10 liposomes with soybean PC when the loading capacity was higher. When using cholesterol and Tween 80 as adjuvant wall material, the product quality was improved evidently. The optimal wall formulation is obtained as follows: PC:Cholesterol: Tween 80=25:4:18 (W/ W). Under the conditions of optimal wall material formulation, both EE and RR of core material of CoQ10 nanoliposomes are higher than 95% when the ratio of CoQ10 to PC is increased to 20:25 (W/W, corresponding loading capacity is about 40%.).

Vacuum impregnation is a new technology of immobilization. It can incorporate lactic acid bacteria into apple tissues without destroying the initial food matrix. In this paper, three factors are optimized using response surface method. When the vacuum temperature was kept 35℃, air pump worked for ten minutes and the time of exposure in normal atmospheric pressure is 80 minutes, the total counts of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in apple pieces were around 109CFU/g. It can also be found that frozen drying is better than hot-air drying methods. It can keep the sensing qualities in good condition.

Taking Acer truncatum Bunge leaves as the raw material, the best enzyme was screened from different enzymes for extracting the chlorgenic acid. The single factor tests, orthogonal experimental designs and variance analyses were applied to optimize manipulation parameters of enzymes in the extracting technology. The results showed that the cellulase possessed the optimum effect to extract chlorgenic acid among the other enzymes. The optimum manipulation parameters are: cellulase dosage 0.015%, pH value 4.5, 50℃ and extraction time 2.2h.

Collagens were extracted from fish scale of grass carp with pepsin and the effects of extraction media, pretreating, stirring, extract times and time on the yield of collagen were studied. The results indicated that the optimum extracted conditions are 1% citric acid as extraction solutions with a magnetic stirrer during the whole process, being extracted three times and 48 hours each time after removing impurity by microwave and decalcifing with 10% citric acid. Purified collagens were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and FT-IR, compared with calf tendon type Ⅰ collagen. The results confirmed that the extracted collagens are typical typeⅠ collagen and of electrophoretic purity.

Application of radiation processing technology on food production was studied with a series of soybean protein products. It showed that physical and chemical indices and functional indices of soybean protein products are all improved after treatment of radiation processing technology. Furthermore, radiation processing technology raises hygienic quality of products significantly. The quality indices of irradiated products conform to the Enterprise Standards of Product Quality. The develop- ment and application of radiation processing technology have solved a problem of microbe contamination that has perplexed soybean protein production over a long period of time, so radiation processing ensures safety for industrialization of soybean protein production.

 With viscera of Scortum barcoo as material, extraction and refinement of fish oil from Scortum barcoo as well as itsfatty acid composition were systematically studied. Results showed that water bath was used as the method of crude oil extraction: under 85℃ and extract 40min. The method of refinement was by adding 5% caustic soda in order to neutralize free fatty acids, and the amount being added was 1.75% of viscera amount. Fish oil of Scortum barcoo viscera obtained is of clear and fresh yellow liquid; and its physicochemical properties index are all conformed to fish oil standard. Furthermore, the fatty acid compositions of crude oil and refined oil were all analyzed by gas chromatography.

This paper explore that suitable fermentative conditions, which affect the mycelia growth of Fistulina hepatica. Experimental results indicated that the optimum composition of a fermentative medium is as following:corn powder 30.0g, soya powder 7.0g, KH2PO4 2.0g, MgSO4·7H2O 1.0g, VB1 0.01g; pH4.6～5.4, the shaker rotation speed is at 210r/min, the temperature is at 28℃, the optimal culture media capacity is 60%. The highest yield of mycelia was obtained after fermentation for 6 days, the weight of mycelia reached 14.7241g/50ml fermentation liquid.

 According to the characteristics of the enzymatic reaction, a technology of using several enzymes to enhance the extraction of allicin oil from garlic was investigated in this article. Several factors, such as the kinds of enzyme, reaction time and temperature were studied to determine the optimum extraction conditions. The results indicated that 0.251% of allicin oil is obtained when 2.8 mg of cellulose enzyme and hemicellulose enzyme in a ratio of 13:7 are employed at 45℃for 2.5h reaction time. The resultant extraction ratio is higher than that without any enzyme.

Micro-capsule of ferrous lactate made up of wall materials as β-cricoid dextrin (β-CD), monostearate, edible gelatin and sucrose fatty acid ester can be used as the fortified iron agent for liquid milk. The experiment was carried out with L9(3)4 orthogonal design. The findings indicated that the optimal conditions for the micro-capsulation of ferrous lactate are: β-CD 86.4%, monostearate 1.0%, edible gelatin 10.8% and sucrose fatty acid ester 1.2%. Capsulating the ferrous lactate, the embedding rate of ferrous lactate and the available ferrous content attained are 96.05%, 10.33% respectively and have a significant statistical effect (p<0.05). It shows a protective effect to sensory characteristics of milk fortified with the capsulated ferrous lactate.

 This paper studied the optimum preparation procedure for extraction and septeration of the Usnea subfloridana polysaccharide. The optimum extraction conditions of Subfloridana polysaccharide are: water 200ml, Usnea subfloridana 4g, extracting-temperature 70～80℃, repeated-times 3 and extracting-time 2h. The results showed that the variance of the factor reapeated-times assumes statistical significance, whereas the extracting-temperature is not statistically significant. A one-factor test results indicated that the optimum conditions of precipitating polysaccharide with 70% alcohol, and removing proteins with sevage agent to gain gratifying effictiveness are as follows: volume ratio 2:1, oscillation-time 30min and repeated times 7 with polysaccharide yield 6.86% and total sugar content 76%.

The technology of precolumn derivatization, along with high performance liquid chromatography gradient elution method was used in determining contents of amino acids in shellfish products. A high-efficiency AccQ·Tag(Waters) column, acetate-phosphate buffer, acetonitrile, and twice distilled water were prepared in gradient elution. AQC(6-aminoquinoly-N- hydroxysuccinimidy carbamate), a derivation reagent, was used for sample derivatization. Conditions of the test were: column temperature 37℃, wavelength 248nm and flow rate 1.0ml/min.The results showed that concentration of amino acids and peak areas achieve a nice linear relations (r is higher than 0.998) with linear range 10～80μmol/L. RSD is of 2.1%～4.8%. The limit of detection is 0.23μmol/L. The ranges of recovery of amino acids are from 91.3%～113.2%.

This project is to compare the recovery determination of BHC and DDT with three different sample preparation methods: acetone-petroleum ether two step abstraction method, petroleum ether one step abstraction method and digestion method. The results showed: there’s no obvious difference among the three sample preparation methods at the concentration of 5ng/g (p>0.05). When the concentration is 50ng/g (p<0.05), the acetone-petroleum ether two step abstraction method and digestion method show great difference in comparison with petroleum ether one step abstraction method, while the recovery of the two previous methods is both higher than the one step method. But when the sample is of the concentration of 150ng/g (p<0.05). The recovery of digest method is obviously higher than other methods.

 A capillary gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for the detection of the fivephthalates (dimethyl pthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate(DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP), and di (2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate (DEHP)) respectively in food-packaging bags and the packed food was developed. The food-packaging bags were extracted with ethanol by ultrasonic. The supernatant was dehydrated and filtrated through membrane with 0.45μm diameter. The filtrate was injected into the GC system for analysis. Retention times of the peaks could be used for qualitative analysis. External standard method was used for quantitative analysis. The recoveries of the five phthalates were between 71.5% and 125.5%. The relative standard deviations were between 1.6% and 3.2%. The detection limits of the method were: 0.18ng for DMP, 0.13ng for DEP, 0.13ng for DBP, 0.15ng for DOP and 0.14ng for DEHP, respectively. The method presents the advantages of high precision, high sensitivity, small sample size, and simple pretreatment. The method can be used to test the five phthalates respectively in food-packaging bags and the packed food.

A method to determine 3′-deoxyadenosine in Cordyceps sinensis wine has been established with high performance liquid chromatography. The effects of several factors on analysis effect were studied, such as type of chromatogram column, component of mobile phase, column temperature, detective wave length and so on. The studies indicated that the effects of separation and determination are optimum when determination parameters are as follows: analytic column: Waters Symmetry C18(150mm×4.6mm i.d., 5μm); mobile phase: acetonitrile-ultrapure water(10∶90); flow rate: 1ml/min; detective wave length: 258nm; column temperature: 40℃ and sample volume: 5μl. The method to deal with sample is rather simple as only necessary to be filtrated with 0.45μm filter film. The method is feasible, accurate and satisfactory. It is simple to operate and suitable for the quality control of cordyceps sinensis wine.

This research aims at studying a method to determine the content of liquid paraffin in rice coated with liquid paraffin. The varieties rices were coated with liquid paraffin of 0.02%～0.05%. Using diethyl ether extracted the crude fat from samples (extracting time is 3h) , the saponification value(methodⅠ)and unsaponification’s containing(methodⅡ) are determined to confirm the content of the liquid paraffin on the surface of the rice. The recovery with method Ⅰ is more than 80% to samples coated liquid paraffin beyond 0.5%. That of the methodⅡ is more than 98%. The developed method has feasibility.

A colorimetric method of determining gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity assay with high sensitivity, accuracy and reproducibility is proposed, and the standard procedure leading to the establishment of the method is described. The reaction mixture (0.4ml) of GAD and L-Glu is mixed with 1mol/L Na2CO3 (0.1ml), 0.2mol/L borate buffer (0.5ml) and 6% phenol (1.0ml), then added 1ml of 5.2% sodium hypochlorite solution at 20℃ within 5min. After being kept at 20℃ for 4～8min, the mixture is heated by boiling water bath for 10min and promptly cooled in ice bath for 20min, then added 2ml of 60% ethanol, and kept at 20℃ for 20～40min.The optical density of the mixture is measured by the absorbance at 640nm. The accuracy and sensitivity of the determination method are also discussed, indicating that the relative error is 4. 91% in comparison with HPLC method.

 Species identification for scallop is mostly based on morphological characters. However, when morphological characters are being removed, species identification is difficult to carry out. In this study, with PCR-RFLP analysis of ITS region, four scallop species (C. farreri, C. nobilis, P. yessoensis, A. irradians) mainly culturing in China at the molecular level were first identified based on the sequencing result, three restriction enzymes were selected for PCR-RFLP analysis. Four scallop species can be well distinguished based on the three restriction maps assayed. The stability of PCR-RFLP in this study suggested that this technique is feasible for identification of four scallop species. As an applied example, dried scallop are successfully identified, which suggests that this technique is highly applicable in practice.

To base on GB/T10781.8-89, the content of ethyl caproate can be determined with gas chromatography. By the experiment of the uncertainty measurement of the ethyl caproate in Chinese spirits this paper expounded a method to evaluate the uncertainty measurement for inner standard method. At last the combined standard uncertainty and the expanded uncertainty are expressed, which provide the effective and credible quality data to the quality control.

 According to the characteristics that protein in corn is soluble in alcohol (90%～93%). The protein in corn was extracted with alcohol (90%) and coloured with basic solution of CuSO4 the absorbance was measured at 550nm. The optimum reaction of protein in the system was studied and a new rapid method, at room-temperature, for determining protein in corn was developed. The results showed two facts: ①The method needs no heating, centrifuging or suction and the test is simple and rapid, economical and safe in comparison with other rapid methods. ②The method has a high precision (RSD 0.38%), and fair reclamation (97.0%～101%). The results obtained by this method agree well with those obtained by the kjeldahl method.

The method for determination of chloramphenicol residue in aquatic products by GC-ECD was to be improved. After extraction with ethyl acetate and air evaporation, the residues were dissolved in 0.01mol/L HCl. The lipid was removed with n- hexane to derive the chloramphenicol with BSTFA+TMCS(99+1) in ethyl acetate by a ultrasonic bath. The derivate was determined by GC and quantified by an external standard. The recoveries are above 85% when added with chloramphenicol in a range of 0.2～2.0μg/kg. The relative standard deviations are between 0.9%～2.7%, and the calibration coefficient is 0.999.

Objective: To study the use of HPLC to assay the content of mogroside V, 11-oxo-mogroside, mogroside IV andSiamenoside I in Siraitia grosvenorii fruits. Methods: The RP-HPLC was used to determine the content of mogrosides. The analysis was carried on C18 column. Results: The conditions to establish the HPLC method for determination of mogrosides were: eluting solvent, acetonitrile-water, 23:77 (V/V); flowrate, 1.0ml/min; detection, 210nm; temperature, ambient and sensitivity setting, 0.04AUFS. The method is simple, easy and of good linear range (0.5～13.75μg) with the correlationship over 0.99. The recovery is 94.46%～105.05%, and the RSD 1.40%～3.31%. Conclusion: The HPLC method can be used to determine the content of mogrosides in Siraitia grosvenorii and its products.

To study the VB6 action on the lipid metabolism, rats were fed with a rich in linoleic acid (ω-6) or α–linolenic acid (ω-6) as lipid sources with high protein diet, the effects of VB6 deficiency on the metabolism of essential fatty acids were studied. The results showed that under VB6 deficiency conditions, the activity of △6-desaturase in liver microsome greatly decrease and the metabolism of essential fatty acid is inhibited markedly. The lack of dietary VB6 causes the accumulation of linoleic acid or α–linolenic acid, with the decrease of metabolic products observably in rat body.

Subject: To investigate the effects of stir-fried bamboo shoots on serum lipidemia and lipid peroxidation in hyperlipidemic rats, to provide a scientific base for the application of bamboo shoots in daily diet. Method: Hyperlipidemic rats were fed with feed stuffs added stir-fried bamboo shoots for 30 days. Then TG, TC and HDL-c level, and activity of SOD, activity of GSH-Px in serum, and MDA level in testes were all assayed. Results: Comparing with control, TC and TG level in serum of stir-fried bamboo shoots group significantly decrease, and MDA level in testes decreases significantly also. The activity of SOD, and activity of GSH-Px in serum also inciease significantly .Conclusion: stir-fried bamboo shoots can improve the serum lipidemia in hyperlipidemic rats, and have the effect of anti-peroxide activity.

 Objective: To study the effects of Trapa manshurica extract on immune function in tumor-bearing mice. Methods: MTT assay was used to determine the multiplication rate of lymphocytes; Trapa manshurica extract was administrated into mice by lavage. Four days after administration, each mouse was given 5% CRBC with intraperitoneal injection. The phagocytosis of lymphocytes was observed by oil immersion. The phagocytic rate and phagocytic index were calculated. Results: the multipli- cation rate of lymphocytes in tumor-bearing mice treated with Trapa manshurica extract is 98.5%, significantly higher than thatin control group. Trapa manshurica extract enhances the phagocytic function of macrophages in mice. Conclusion: Trapa manshurica extract can enhance the immune function.

Objective: To study the hypoglycemic effect of Platycodon grandiflorum extract on diabetic ICR mice. Methods: Diabetic models were induced by the i.v. (intravenous) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in ICR mice, and were divided into different groups, which were given 8, 4g/kg PGE, glibenclamide or water respectively. The effects of PGE on 28d blood glucose level of the STZ-diabetic mice were studied. Food, water intake, body weight, blood glucose, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C and insulin levels were respectively tested. Result: After 28d drug administration, symptoms of diabetic mice fed PGE are alleviated obviously. Water and food intake of diabetic mice are decreased by oral administrations of PGE, and their body weight is increased. High and low doses of PVE suppress the level of blood glucose by 11.42% and 6.86% resptectively, and both doses of PGE also suppresse the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C, but increase the level of HDL-C remarkably. Insulin levels are also improved by PGE. PGE has the potential hypoglycemic effect and alleviate the diabetic symptoms on diabetic mice.

Comparison was made between two kinds of natural complex antioixdants (water-solubility and fat-solubility) as oxidative-controlling fluids prepared for the preservation of chilled meat with bee-glue, tea polyphends and rosemary extract respectively. Then the treated meat was packaged with petri dishes or PE film or vacuum-packaging respectively. The results revealed that both of them are useful to control lipid hydrolysis and oxidation, and obviously to reduce the off-odor.The results also showed that the fat soluble antioxidant remarkably keeps microbe growth and prolongs the freshness of the chilled meat, so it is superior to the water soluble antioxidant.It not only prohibits the oxidation of lipid in meat but also keeps well the chilled meat. The vacuunr-packaging with preservatives controlls oxidation and keeps the meat better than the others.

Using straw mushroom(Volvariella volvacea) as raw material, the effects of ozone treatment on the storage qualities of vegetables were investigated. The straw mushroom was treated with five treatments; control without any treatment, ozone gas treatment for 10 seconds; ozone water treatment for 1 minute, with solution(0.1g/kg EDTA-2Na + 3.0g/kg VC+ 5.0g/kg citric acid) all stored treated for 2 minutes and solution(2 min)+ozone water (1 min), all stored at 15℃. We found that, compared with the controls, surface white colour of straw mushroom is retained better in treatment with ozone water by hue angle values, chroma values, lightness values and a* values. At the same time, ozone water can keep the special flavor of straw mushroom, cause a reduction of weight loss, and prevent the fungal decay and prolong the storage time 2d more than that of controls.

Food security is relative to the life safety and health of the mass and relates to the healthy development of the economy and social stability, which makes it a heating issue catching eyeballs. Current food security system, scheme and legal framework presents prominent dilemma that must be solved. By analyzing the plight of food security system in the country, this essay explores the loopholes and problems of the current food security system. While comparing food security systems within and without the country and construing the advantages and shortcomings of different models, this essay also discusses food regulation system and model that is compatible to different administrative levels.

 Our country is a strong nation of producing soybean, particularly, green and pollution-free, which has high oil, or high protein, have strong competitiveness. They can be excavated very among world soybean industry, so, to the thing that the industry of soybeans brings into conduct science, rational economic zoning have very important meanings. This text has carried on detailed analysis from the respects, such as the economic zoning method of the static behavior, influence factor, etc. mainly, carry on detailed analysis to soybean dynamic zoning of industry, in order to promote different area , different soybean between the variety in coordination with function, make each area, each products become an organic whole , thus promote the compre- hensive competitive power of the soybean industry of Heilongjiang, which is the main region of the soybean in China, the macroscopically decision to the industry of soybeans has offered the effective reference meaning.

 The review summarizes the serious situations of food pollution by pesticide residue in China. The characteristics of the analytical technology such as gas chromatography mass, polargraphic analysis,mass-mass analysis, capillary electrophoresis which were developed quickly and applied widely were briefly reviewed. The prospect for the use of biosensor, immunoassay and enzyme inhibition is great in the rapid detection on the spot.

 Microalgae can be used to produce numerous high-value bioactivity materials. The low productivity of microalgae cultures in the production of high-value compounds is the most significant bottleneck. This article review some technologies of recovering biomass and separating intracellular products from microalgae culture.

The compound jam was processed by using black edible fungus and green pepper as the raw materials.The producing technology, the product formula and the VC preservation in green pepper were studied in this experiment. Then the suitable processing technology, the optimal product formula, the method of VC preservation were defined. A new kind of compound jam with intensified nutrition and special flavor was obtained.

The formula and processing technology for lotus seed paste moon cake preparation were studied. 30% of sucrose were replaced with trahalose in the filling. Moon cakes with lower sweetness, richer lotus flavor and lighter color were produced with this new trehalose filling. The increase of acid value in trehalose filling was 1.6 times lower than that in traditional sucrose filling after 90 days storage.