To map the epitopes for tartary buckwheat allergenic protein (TBa) and to reveal its reaction mechanism, the TBa and epitopes gene were cloned into the expression vector pET-32m, and expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3) host cells. Furthermore, the expression products were purified by Ni2+-NTA agarose affinity chromatography column. Analysis of SDS-PAGE and western blot indicated that the recombinant fusion proteins can be largely expressed and the 6×His tag at N-terminus were confirmed. The results of ELISA indicated that the target protein had a specific binding activity with IgE antibody in the sera of the patient allergic to buckwheat food, which should lay a useful foundation for further study of the location of the epitope and reaction mechanism of tartary buckwheat allergen.

Dynamic rheological properties of doughs containing food additives such as sodium-stearoyl-2-lactylate(SSL), locust bean gum(LBG), glucose oxidase(GOD), xylanase (XY), and both glucose oxidase and xylanase (GOD+XY) were investigated using a dynamic rheometer. Also the effects of these additives on the baking performances of the frozen doughs were studied. As frequency increasing from 0.1 to 40Hz, the storage and loss modulus and the loss tangent decreased for the dough with SSL. The dough with LBG increased the storage and loss modulus and reduced the loss tangent. The dough with GOD increased the storage modulus and reduced the loss modulus and the loss tangent. The dough with XY reduced the storage and loss modulus and increased the loss tangent. The dough with GOD+XY mixtures increased the storage and loss modulus and reduced the loss tangent. Dynamic rheological measurements of the dough during heating indicated that the storage and loss modulus changed a little at below 55℃. The storage and loss modulus increased rapidly to maximum, then decreased rapidly at above 55℃. Effects of six formulations on the baking performances of frozen doughs were also studied. The enzymes, emulsifiers and hydrocolloids mixture improved the baking performances of frozen dough which reduced proofing time, increased specific volume and decreased hardness of bread. This indicated that there was a synergistic effect of enzymes, emulsifiers and hydrocolloids for dough system.

 The texture-properties of strawberry which treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) of different concentrations were detected during the experiment with the texture analyzer in this paper. The concentrations of 1-MCP were 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.9μl/L. The result showed that the hardness, rigidity1, recoverable work done and mean load of strawberry decreased during fresh- keeping in the control group, but the fracture force 1 and 1st fracture drop off increased during fresh-keeping in the control group. The effects of different concentrations of 1-MCP on hardness, rigidity1 and 1st fracture drop off of strawberry were obvious, but the effects of different concentrations of 1-MCP on the fracture force 1, recoverable work done and mean load of strawberry were not obvious.

Fimbrial subunit gene (fimA) of Et, XA and EA isolates were cloned and sequenced. The sequence analysis showed that the fimbrial subunit gene of Et, XA and EA isolates contained 534 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 117 amino acids. The similarity of nucleotide (nt) sequence of fimA gene among Et, XA and EA isolates were 99%. The nucleotide and amino acid(aa) sequence of fimA gene of these isolates shared 76% to 77% and 81% to 82% similarities to that of other Edwardsiella tarda isolates, respectively.

The total phenolics, reducing power, metal chelating activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, along with hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of the ethanol extracts of five buckwheat groats were studied. The results demonstrated that all tested buckwheat extracts showed very good antioxidant activity with dose-effect dependent, and the positive correlation among the content of total phenolics, reducing activity and antioxidant activity were also observed.

According to the survival rate, acid-produced capacity, configuration, growth curve and leakage rate of β-D- galactosidase (GAL), the protective effects of trehalose, lactose, sucrose, hyaluronic acid (HA), the combination of trehalose and HA and skim milk powder on Bifidobacterium longum (B.longum) were investigated. The protective effects on B. longum was conferred by all the protectants with different degrees during lyophilization and high-temperature storage, among which the combination of trehalose and HA was the most effective.

 The particle size, distribution and stability of submicron β-carotene emulsion were studied with the laser granularity analyzer. The results showed that the diameter of submicron β-carotene emulsion is minuteness and the distribution is very uniformity. The range of particle size is 0.0507μm to 0.3393μm and the average size is 0.1420μm. After the observation in 6 months, the remarkable change of the particle size and distribution of submicron β-carotene emulsion did not arise. It was quite stable.

This research used amylase, the starch and iodine for raw materials, developed one time-temperature Indicator(TTI) which based on the amylase reactions systems, and established the processing processes parameters through testing. The final TTI has a remarkable colour changes and could be used for the food quality monitoring.

The influences of trehalose, shortening, salt, lactic acid and dough temperature on rheoferment characteristics of frozen sweet dough were investigated by Chopin rheofermentometer F3. The results obtained showed that shortening and trehalose had a notable impact on Hm’ and CO2 production. Salt, dough temperature and trehalose had a significant effect on Hm. Response surface methodology was used to establish the models reflecting the relations between factors and dependent variables. All models for Hm, Hm’, CO2 production and specific volume demonstrated good correlation with measured data (p<0.05) with R2 values, being 93.67%, 98.37%, 98.12%, and 91.43% respectively, indicating that they are suitable and response surface methodology can be a useful tool to predict the effects of shortening, trehalose, salt, lactic acid, and dough temperature on frozen sweet dough rheoferment properties and specific volume.

 Glass-transition temperature is a very important parameter in freeze-drying and cryopreservation. The glass- transition temperature of strawberry with different water content are measured using DSC. It is found that the partial glass transition appears when the water content of strawberry is higher than 50%. The Tg’ of strawberry with different water content are same and the water content has little influence on it. The complete glass transition appears when the water content is lower than 45%. The water content has great influence on Tg. The Tg increases with the decrease of water content. The function between Tg and the water content is gotten.

 Ascorbic acid, reducing sugar, phenolic compound, metal ion and dissociated amino acid were analyzed quantificationally in rock candy orange juice.L(+)ascorbic acid, glucose, fructose, Fe2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ were added to the juice as exterior factors.Results showed that there are different impact for those exterior factors on browning of orange juice. The color changed evidently after being added ascorbic acid. Whereas,being added glucose and fructose, the changing was smaller relatively. Fe3+, Fe2+, and Cu2+ can all promote non-enzymatic browning reaction, especially Fe3+ and Cu2+ which are almost equivalent.

 As starter cultures, twelve strains of Bacillus were screened for the manufacture of long-ripened Douchiba from 40 strains isolated from naturally fermented Douchiba samples at consecutive stages from Qianxi and Dafang of Guizhou Province, through comprehensive evaluation including extracellular proteolytic activity and lipidolytic activity, salt tolerance, ultraviolet light resistance, and antibiotic sensitivity.

 Instantaneous high pressure (IHP) was used to modify the physical properties of oat bran dietary fiber which was produced by enzyme-chemistry method. The results showed the IHP treatment raised the water retention capacity, swelling capacity and water-combining capacity of oat bran dietary fiber products; the apparent viscosity of suspension and the content of SDF increased with the overall form of oat bran dietary fiber going through great changes.

By using supercritical CO2 extraction, Litsea cubeba extraction oil is gotten. Bacteriostasis diameters to bacteria, yeast and molds were assayed with filter paper. And the influences to the bacteriostasis affect by using heating and changing the pH are also investigated. And then, the anti-oxidation effect of Litsea cubeba extraction oil is studied according to the peroxide value. The result showed that: since the bacteriostasis diameters of Litsea cubeba extraction oil on Bacillus subtilis and white Staphylococcus cremorcs are from 10～15mm, and the two bacteria are sensitive to the Litsea cubeba extraction oil. While, bacteriostasis diameters on Escherichia.coli, Aspergillusniger, Penicillium and Saccharmoyces cerevisiae are over 15mm, and the four bacteria are more sensitive to the Litsea cubeba extraction oil. the effect of Litsea cubeba extraction oil to the test organisms are great uner pH5.0, but get weaker with the increasing of pH. Treating the Litsea cubeba extraction oil in 80, 100, 121℃ for 15 mins, the bacteriostasis affect is not changed obviously. Mean while, the Litsea cubeba extraction oil has some kinds of anti-oxidation ability, but is weaker than TBHQ.

Many Chinese herbal medicines contain effective antioxidant substances. In this article, we extract the antioxidants from the Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, kudzu root and Sedum sarmentosum Bunge by water-cooking method, then the substances were extracted with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. Put the extractions into the oil, and save the sample in the temperature case of 60℃. Measure the acid value and the peroxide value of the oil, study on the antioxidant activity of extracts of Chinese herbal medicine and compare it with the tea-polyphenols and the VE. The results showed that the extraction from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, kudzu root and Sedum sarmentosum Bunge exhibited high antioxidative activity comparable to the tea-polyphenols and the VE.

 Gueldenstaedtia multiflora Bge (GMB) was extracted with chloroform:methanol (1:2) in a ultrasonator, and the extraction was then partitioned with petroleum ether, EtOAc and BuOH successively. Antioxidant activity (AA) of the extractions was evaluated by using Schaal method, and compared with that of BHT. The EAF (ethyl acetate-soluble fraction) exhibited the highest AA, which was greater than that of BHT. Furthermore, bioactivity-guided chromatographic fractionation was conducted by repeated column chromatography over a silica gel, RP-18, and Sephadex LH-20 to obtain three pure antioxidant compounds. Their structures were determined by interpretation of the 1D and 2D NMR, as well as mass spectral data. The result demonstrated that quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin and 4’,7-dihydroxyflavone were the major antioxidative constituents in GMB. The AA of the compounds decreased in the following order: quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosid >apigenin > 4’,7-dihydroxyflavone>EAF>BHT. The AA of phenolic compounds is correlated to their chemical structures. In general, the AA of phenolics depends mainly on the number of hydrogen-donating hydroxyl groups on the aromatic ring of the phenolic molecules.

 The primers with different enzyme sites were designed, and the plant endogenous rbcL gene and two kinds of universal exogenous CP4-EPSPS gene and BAR gene in genetically modified products were expanded by PCR respectively. The PCR products were ligated with pGEM-T Easy Vector, then cloned into E.coli strain DH5α. The clone plasmids of the 3 genes were extracted, then analysed with restriction enzyme and sequenced respectively. The enzymed products of the 3 clone plasmids cut by two corresponding restriction enzyme were recovered, and transformed into the received carrier pCAMBW one after the other. The restriction enzyme analysising and PCR detection results of the recombinant plasmid obtained finally showed that the 3 genes were transformed successfully into the received carrier.

 The crude glycoprotein was extracted from Chlorella Pyrenoidosa with hot water, and precipitated by ethanol after deproteinization. A refined glycoproteins were prepared after further purification on Sephadex-75 column chromatography, and their homogeneity was examined with Sephadex-200 column chromatography. The ultraviolet spectra showed their characteris- tic absorption peak at 280.00nm and 195.00nm. The molecular weight was estimated to be about 63.7kDa on SDS-PAGE. It was proved that the main monosacchrides were glucose, galactose and xylose by gas chromatography, and O-glycosidic linkage was found by β-elimination reaction.

 In the presence of phages, 2-keto-D-gluconic acid fermentation by Pseudomonas fluorescens AR4, which was a phage- resistant mutant obtained from the mutation of the strain A46, was conducted in 200m3 fermentor. The results showed that the mutant resistance against the phages was stable, with shorter fermentation period and higher fermentation conversion rate than its parent. After 10 generations, its resistance against the phages and 2-keto-D-gluconic acid producing ability had not changed. The fermentation product of P. fluorescens AR4 could be used in the synthesis of sodium D-isoascorbate.

A simple tissue biosensor for measuring Na+ channel blocks such as tetrodotoxin(TTX) has been developed. The membrane of frog bladder has Na+ channels which control the passage of Na+. It is well known that TTX blocks Na+ channels. The tissue biosensor consists of a Na+ electrode integrated within a TTX solution. The tip of the electrode was covered with frog bladder membrane sandwiched between two sheets of cellulose acetate membrane, and the electrode was set in a TTX solution. The solution of pNa=4 NaCl was injected in the TTX solution and the output of the electrode allowed to stabilize. TTX was injected into the sensor system and measured from the inhibition ratio of the sensor peak output. One assay took approx 5min. The lower limit of detection was 0.0002μg/ml. The continuous detention of TTX was feasible for 250h in the presence of 0.003% NaN3. A linear correlation was obtained between TTX activities in fugu muscles detected by methods of TTX sensor and mouse assay.

 The research by man-made cultivation of natural Musca domestica showed leftover meat (bone and skin shrimp) seduced the spawning of natural Musca domestrica maximal extent, and the optimum proportion of brownsuger and powdered milk was 3:1. The optimum moisture of feed which adapted to the growing of Musca domestrica larvae was 80%, and the optimum culture in which the average weight increased of single natural Musca domestrica larvae was max was mixture which contained bone and wheat bran. Two antibacterial peptides that named MDL-1 and MDL-2 were isolated from larvae hemolymph by means of electrophoretic preparation. The molecule weight of antibacterial peptide 1 (MDL-1) was 10772Da, and MDL-2 was 6091Da,and antibacterial peptides had stronger inhibition of fungi, such as E.coli, S.aureus and B.cereus. MDL-1 had the highest activity against B.cereus, higher activity against E.coli, activity against S.aureus. MDL-2 had the strongest potential activity against E.coli, had stronger potential activity against S.aureus, against B.cereus weakly.

 The β-glucosidase was purified to homogeneity by fractional ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-52 and SephadexG-100 gel-filtration chromatography. By SDS-PAGE, the molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 60kDa. The enzyme exhibited optimum activity at 40℃ and pH6.0. Its activity maintained relatively stable under the condition at 45℃, pH4.5～7.0, and strongly inhibited by Hg2+, Ag+.

The initial microflora of chilling meat was analyzed, and its changes at 0, 2, 5 and 7℃ were also studied. The results indicted that Pseudomonas, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Enterbacteriaceae and Lactobacillus dominated the initial flora of the aerobic chill-stored pork. The total numbers of bacteria increased at all the different storage temperatures. Pseudomonas grew the fastest at all researched temperatures, the numbers of Pseudomonas were close to the numbers of bacteria. The numbers of Brochothrix thermosphacta and Enterbacteriaceae were also increased at these temperatures.

The relationship between gluten contents,stiring,hydration,and the state of water in flour dough were studied with NMR and MRI techniques. The state of water was measured using spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times,or T1 and T2 respectively. In stiring period,T2* values (or the apparent T2 obtained with single 90 degree pulse sequence) and the corresponding proton density decreased rapidly initially with increasing stiring time,indicating that the bulk water added to the flour was rapidly incorporated into the flour,hydrating the proteins and other components in the flour. The curve between T2* and mixing time showed the formation process of dough that can direct the optimal stiring time in dough. Stiring time was also affected by moisture content,however,there was no different among different content of gluten. The date shows that the stable time was different with the different of gluten content in dough,the higher the gluten,the longer stable time. Higher temperature increased the formation of dough. The water mobility was also found to be affected by stiring temperature. With two component fitting,it was found that T1 values and T1 amplitudes increased with increasing moisture content and decreasing gluten content,also found that there was solid relationship between T1 and water absorption in flour which decided the optimal moisture content in different gluten flour,with the gluten content of 25.4%,30.4%,35.8% in flour the optimal moisture absorption is 55%,57.5% and 60% respectively.

 Effect of bentonite on fermentation and wine quality were evaluated in two varieties such as chardoney and muscat by simple bentonite addition and bentonite fining pre-inoculation. The results showed: Simple bentonite addition can increase the insoluble solid content of must,but it had no effect on the maximum fermentation rate and the overall fermentation time. Bentonite fining clarified the juice,but inhibited yeast fermentation and prolong the overall fermentation time,increased the remnant sugar of the wine. Ether simple bentonite addition or bentonite fining had no effect on the assimilative nitrogen content of must,so nitrogen nutrient supplementation did not restore fermentation rate to the untreated control.

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) measurements were carried out on bread and cheese binary system to investigate the relationship between the moisture mobility of bread and cheese. The mobility of the water contained in bread was studied with low field NMR to measure their relaxation times (T1 and T2) during the storage of bread and cheese compound samples. T2 mapping state diagram of the systems was calculated to map out the mobility of water molecules during storage. The objective of this work is to illustrate the possibilities of MRI for characterizing water mobility in bread and cheese binary system. The behavior of water in cheese diffuse to bread during storage is observed in the same temperature range.

By detecting the ABC(aerobic bacterial count)and coliform bacteria of animal food,baked food,fermented food,seafood,drinking water,kernel and analying the changes of ABC,coliform bacteria and Salmonella of the refrigerated pork with ecological method,we can make conclusions that there is a synchronous effect between ABC and coliform bacteria,an obscure correlation between coliform bacteria and Salmonella of the fresh pork in the storage process and the correlations between ABC and coliform bacteria of fermented food,baked food,seafood and drinking water and so on are hard to detect in this paper .

 From the curve of the spin-spin relaxation time(T2)against the fermentation time,we discovered that the addition of yeast in dough and the fermentation time had little influences on T21 and T22,while T23 was exceptional. Namely,they mainly changed the distribution and mobility of free water in dough. The curve of T23 and fermentation time undulated in the all course of fermentation. The more the added yeast the higher the T23 constant of dough . We also found dough with 1.5% yeast had many uneven holes and broken network of wheat gluten in the period of fermentation from the MRI images obtained. While dough with 0.5%yeast content and 1.0%yeast content were more appropriate to produce steamed bread because of their slower speed of fermentation,smooth CO2 generation and better network structure.

 The profit margin in the flour milling industry is quite narrow,so high-quality raw materials and efficiency of milling operations are crucial for every company. Many flour mills,especially those which import wheat from other countries and have limited storage space for the different varieties or classes of wheat,can not afford to buy low quality wheat. Consequently,a mathematical model which can test the impact and interactions of raw materials,in technical point of view,would be a useful decision-making tool for the milling industry. A flour miller tests wheat for physical and chemical characteristics,cleanness and soundness. The miller also performs experimental milling,if available,to have some idea how the given wheat will behave during commercial milling. Based on these test results,the miller can only guess the commercial milling results such as flour yields and flour ash and protein contents. Thus,the objective of this study was to develop empirical equations to estimate commercial milling results,using the physical,chemical and experimental milling data of the given wheat blend and also,additionally,flour ash and protein specifications of the end-user. This was done by using the actual commercial milling procedures and their wheat physical,chemical,experimental milling data,and other vital data. Data were collected from a commercial mill located in East Asia that had four production lines and used wheat blend combinations from five different wheat classes,i.e. Hard Red Winter (HRW),Dark Northern Spring (DNS),Soft White (SW),Australian Soft (AS),and Australian Standard White (ASW) wheat to produce over 40 different products. The wheat physical and chemical characteristics included test weight,thousand kernel weight,ash and protein contents. The experimental milling data were straight-grade and patent flour yields,along with patent flour ash and protein contents from a Buhler experimental mill. The commercial milling results included the flour yields of patent,first clear,and second clear flours,as well as the ash and protein contents of commercial patent flours. Using multiple linear regression procedures,we have developed empirical equations to be able to estimate the commercial patent flour yields with R2 values above 0.90 for all four production lines,and commercial first clear flour yields with R2 values ranging 0.76 to 0.98,and the commercial patent flour protein contents with R2 values of 0.89 to 0.92. However,the yields of commercial second clear flours and the commercial patent flour ash contents were not able to be estimated with high coefficients of determination (R2 values). We recommend that the empirical equations for estimating commercial milling parameters should be derived using data from each individual flour milling company,for each production line of a given mill,and furthermore,tailored to specific products at a given ash and/or protein contents desired by end-users.

 The suitability of Kansas hard white winter (HWW) wheat milled at a high extraction rate for tortilla production was investigated. All of the Kansas varieties of white wheat,milled to 80% extraction,performed as well as,if not better than,a standard commercial tortilla flour milled to 72% extraction when various quality factors were compared. Tortillas were made from eight wheat cultivars milled at 80% extraction: four HWW wheat cultivars included Betty,Heyne,Oro Blanco and NuWest; three hard red winter (HRW) wheat samples were Jagger and Ike grown at Hutchinson,Kansas (Ike-Hutch) and at Hays,Kansas (Ike-Hays); and one hard white spring (HWS) wheat cultivar,Idaho 377-S. Tortillas made from these flours were compared to tortillas made from one commercial tortilla-flour milled to 72% extraction from a blend of HRW wheat. Mixograph parameters,starch pasting properties,dough-handling characteristics and tortilla- making attributes of the new Kansas HWW wheat cultivars,Betty and Heyne,were superior. In summary,Kansas HWW wheat flours,milled to 80% extraction,produced tortillas which were equal to,or superior to,those made from 80%-extraction HRW wheat flours and 72%-extraction commercial tortilla flour.

 At present microbiological risk are still the most frequent in the food industry and the disinfection is one of the procedures that can be carried out in the general prevention of foodborne infectious diseases. In the industrial process of food transformation the cleaning and disinfection procedures of surfaces and machinery have to be considered an integrate system with food production,a technological aspect that surely affects the finished product quality and safety. First of all to carry out properly these operations it is necessary that the factory and the equipment have been designed and constructed with high standard of hygiene to reduce the risk of contamination and to facilitate the sanitation. The procedures involve several stages which generally include pre-washing with water,cleaning,real disinfection,and a final rinsing with water. In order to assure a right disinfections of surfaces areas and of processing equipment the choice of disinfectant takes on particular importance. Some of the most widely used disinfectants include the hypochlorous acid,the chlorine dioxide and the peroxides like peracetic acid; the latter is widely used in soft drink and mineral water industries. The efficiency of these chemical agents depends on various factors as pH,temperature and the presence of organic substances with which the disinfectants can react to give by-products which can reduce the activity and can present toxicity. The use of hypochlorite may led to the formation of carcinogenic substance such as trialomethanes (THM) while the use of chlorine dioxide may lead to the formation of chlorites and chlorates. The peracetic acid is a good alternative compounds and it doesn’t lead to the formation of carcinogenic by-products. In our researches we evaluated the effectiveness of peracetic acid to inactivate some resistant micro-organism like hepatitis A virus; our results show that in practical application in CIP (cleaning in place) it’s necessary to use concentration of 600～1300mg/L of peracetic acid for 15～ 30min of contact time for an inactivation >99.99%.

Samples of 12 hard winter wheats and their flours that produced breads varying in crumb grain scores were studied for 38 quality parameters including: wheat physical and chemical characteristics; flour ash and protein contents,starch damage,swelling power,pasting characteristics,and flour particle size distribution; dough properties determined by a mixograph; and breadmaking properties for pup loaves (100g flour). Only two parameters,the protein content of wheat and the granulation of flour,showed significant correlations with bread crumb grain scores. Protein content of wheat ranging 12.9%～14.5% determined by an NIR method showed a weak inverse relationship (r =-0.61,p<0.05) with bread crumb grain score. Flour particle size distribution measured by both Alpine Air Jet Sieve and NIR methods revealed that the weight wt % of particles less than 38μm in size and representing 9.6%～19.3% of the flour weights was correlated positively (r =0 .78,p<0.01) with crumb grain score,whereas wt % of flour particles larger than 125μm had an inverse relationship (r =-0.60,p<0.05) with crumb grain score.

Two methods for gene xanA to ligate with pUCm-T vector were discussed in this thesis. And the transformations were also done for testing. It showed that the better ligation condition was ligated at 16℃ for overnight. In the ligation system,the volume ratio of gene xanA to pUCm-T vector was 4:1.

The bacteriostasis of systematic solvents extracts from sweet potato stem and leaf (SPSL) was studied. Six systematic solvents extracts were conducted foe the inhibitory effects against bacillus (Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Shiga bacillus) and fungus (Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger). Calcium propionate and sodium benzoate were chosen for control groups. The results indicated that SPSL were good at restraining bacillus. The acetone extract and ethanol extract had strong effect on inhibition of bacillus than others’. The inhibitory effects of SPSL on fungus were better than control groups’. The petroleum ether extract and chloroform extract had strong effect on inhibition of fungus than others’.

Collagens are attracting attentions recently because of their unique characteristics. Until now the main sources of industrial collagen are limited to those from skin and bone of land animals such as bovine and porcine. However,these animals may have the risk of infection of BSE (boving spongiform encephalopathy) or FMD (foot and mouth disease). Actually,a large amount of collagen exists in the wastes of aquatic animals such as in fish skin and bone and most importantly such collagens have biological safety. Therefore,studies on collagens from fish bone will deliver essential research data for collagen utilization. In this paper,the extraction and purification of bone collagens from four species of fish,including shark,silver carp,grass carp and tilapia were studied. The extraction and purification were carried out by a series of steps involving removing non-collagenous proteins with 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide,decalcifing with 0.5mol/L EDTA,removing fat with 10% iso-propanol,extracting collagen with 0.5mol/L acetic acid and salting out with sodium chloride. SDS-PAGE revealed that extracted collagens were of high purity and the purity of shark bone collagen was the highest. All four bone collagens could be degraded at 37℃ by porcine trypsin and at 50℃ by proteinase K. The result showed that the method of enzymatic degradation adopted were effective and the hydrolyzed products were of different molecular weights. Peptide mapping analysis revealed that bone collagen from one fish specie was different from that of bone collagens from other fish species. More distant the fish species were,more different the peptide maps were. Amino acid composition analysis revealed that glycine was the most abundant amino acid residue in both shark and silver carp bone collagens,with alanine the second,glutamic acid the third and arginine the fourth.

 Objective: To establish the methods of cloning gene GumD from Xanthomonas campestris and constructing recombinant plasmid. MethodThe fragment of the producing colloid gene GumD from Xanthomonas campestris was amplified by the optimized experiment of PCR method,then the gene GumD and plasmid pMD18- T with drug-resistant qualities was connected. In order to clone and rebuild the recombinant plasmid,E. coli JM109 was transformed with the recombinant plasmid by way of CaCl2. ResultCompared with the sequence from the gene bank,the correct sequence of recombinant plasmid was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Conclusion: This approach could be used to clone producing colloid gene GumD and construct recombinant plasmid.

The antimicrobial effect of ethanol extract from Sorbus sibirica Branch for a series of bacterium and fungi were studied. The extract was also studied for its stability to temperature and ultraviolet radiation . The results indicated that the extract with a certain concentration could effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. The MIC was lower and not reduced much when heated at under 121℃ for 30 min,it still shows a strong antiseptic power after a treatment of ultraviolet radiation. The extract has obvious antimicrobial effect on animal tests.

 The 70% ethanol extract of SPSL was separated by AB-8 absorbent resin with elution of gradient of ethanol. The bacillus (Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Shiga bacillus) and fungus (Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger) were chosen in bacteriostasis experiments of alcoholict eluents,and calcium propionate and sodium benzoate were used to be control. The results showed that there was a striking dissimilarity of bacteriostasis between the extracts of alcoholict eluents separated by absorbent resin. The components of SPSL with different polarity had different effect on inhibition of bacillus and fungus.

Egg white was used as raw material,contrast analysis and orthogonal test to do a system research on the optimal disassembling conditions of enzyme in preparing high F value oligopeptides. The DH was regarded as a basis evaluating index. According to tests results of factors such as pH value,hydrolyzing temperature,time and E/S,meanwhile,an orthogonal design of L9(34) was adopted to draw a conclusion suitable for the hydrolysis of Flavouerzyme as followpH7.5,temperature 60℃,E/S 3.3%,5 hours. The optimal conditions for preparing high F value as followactive carbon to liquid 1:10,temperature 50℃,pH 7 and 3 hours.

 The activity of enzyme in homemade barley malt is not stronger than imports. One of the reasons is that some of metal ion in homemade barley malt bud is lower,and these ions have the function of inhibiting,and activating some of enzymes. The results of experiment showed,adding Na+,K+,Mg2+,Zn2+ and Cu2+,their concentrations 80×10-6,60×10-6,40×10-6,20×10-6,20×10-6,the activities of α-amylase,β-amylase,proteinase and cellulase reach the maximum,and the increasing extent is obvious. So,adding some metal ion can increase the activity of enzyme in processing of barley and increase its production performance.

 Aspergillus niger glucoamylase gene cDNA was subcloned into broad host expression vector pBBR1MCS-2 with correct reading frame to obtain recombinant vector pBBR1MCS-2GA. Then it was transformed into Pseudomonas fluorescens AR4 which was a high yield strain of 2-keto-D-gluconic acid,and obtained recombinant bacteria ARW4. SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant glucoamylase protein had expressed effectively in ARW4,and existed in the form of inclusion which was inactive.

 Loaded-swimming time of mouse was main experiment objective. The research of optimizing the best dosage and time of anti-fatigue and anti-hypoxia showed: Compared with conventional method,according to the combination method of orthogonal polynomial mathematics model and genetic algorithms,the best dosage and time of notable anti-fatigue effect was optimized. It could optimize accurately,get the best dosage and time of notable effect,and make the research results more accurate and credible and the judge argument more ample. It has higher accuracy,which impacted by systematic error caused by individual differences of mouse and experiment technology. It is a new feasible method.

 A series of trans-but-2-enedioic acid bis-aromatic alcohol ester have been firstly synthesized by direct reaction of trans-but-2-enedioic acid with aromatic alcohol. The products were characterized with 1H NMR and FTIR. All the characterization data are consistent with the theoretic compositions and structures. The antibacterial activities against Bacillus subitilis,Mycococcus tetragenus Krasil’ nikov,Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were tested by the method of phototurbidometry. All of the derivatives showed strong antibacterial activity against bacteria tested. The antibacterial activities of the derivatives were more effective with longer chain of the aromatic alcohol and halogenated with halide. It showed that the derivatives are potent and promising antibacterial agents.

 Polysaccharides of Bangia fusco-purpurea from Fujian province were extracted with hot water,removed proteins by method of Sevage and precipitated by ethanol. Tree purified polysaccharides were obtained by DEAE-Cellulose 32 and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. PY3 was the main polysaccharide,which contained 65.9% galactose and 9.53% sulfate. The ultraviolet spectrum showed there were no proteins and nucleic acids in PY3. Element analysis showed the atomic ratio of C:N:S of PY3 was 72:2:3. The monomers of PY3 were galactose and xylose with a mole ratio of 11:1 by gas chromatography. And the infrared spectrum indicated that there were no specific absorption of 3,6-anhydro-galaetose but a distinct absorption of sulfate,suggested that PY3 may be a precursor agarose.

 We used the ultra high pressure (UHP) to process the crayfish,recurring to the Box- Behnken experiment method to design and investigating the effect of the UHP cooperated with different temperature and time on the deadly ratio of Staphylococcus aureus,the model of which sterilized by UHP was built,the authors chose SPSS to analyze the experimental data,the relative coefficient of actual value to the predicted is 0.9912.

 The activity of enzymes in honey is reduced during heating process,and injurant hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) forms synchronously. In this paper,we studied thermostability of Chinese date honey which was submerged in an isothermal thermostatic at different temperatures ,diastatic number,invertase number and HMF content of Chinese date honey were determined by spectrophotometry,potassium ferricyanide titration method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry,respectively. The results obtained showed that,in different temperatures,regressive equations of relative activity of diastase vs. heating time is RAA=exp(-kat),relative activity of invertase in Chinese date honey RAI=exp(-kit),and HMF content of Chinese date honey HMF=HMF0exp(kht). Ka,ki,and kh depend on temperature. Finally ,the best heat processing parameters of Chinese date honey are that heating time does not last more than 8.1h or 1.7h at temperature 45℃ or 50℃.

 Fresh claret was processed by high-voltage pulsed electric field with changed electric-field intensity,the treatment results suggested that some changes in wine electrical conductivity(EC),total acids content,liquor content,chromaticity,does leaching matter and pH. Such treatment could accelerate wine aging.

 Lactoferricin B (Lfcin-B) is the main antimicrobial peptide generated by pepsin digestion of bovine lactoferrin (BLf). Lfcin-B also shows a significant antibacterial activities. The E. coli was used for experiment strain,to study the effect of composite sweeteners on the antibacterial activities of Lfcin-B. The results showed ,under the condition of the concentration of E.coli was 107CFU/ml and was cultured at 37℃ and pH7.0 in the peptone beef medium,that the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of the purified Lfcin-B against Escherichia coli was 20μg/ml. While these sweeteners and lactoferrin acting together,the antibacterial activities of the Lfcin-B was weakened as concentration range of aspartame and sodium cyclamate and saccharin sodium was 0～5mg/ml,respectively. And the antibacterial activities of the Lfcin-B was not influenced within the concentration range of acesulfame 0～5mg/ml.

 To investigate the expression change of two key enzymes in mitochondria and carried proteins (AGC and OMC) in inner member of mitochondria related to malate-aspartate shuttle,the expression of these proteins was examined in liver of mice treated L-malate by methods of RT-PCR. RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of key enzymes (mAST and mMDH) mRNA and carried protein (AGC and OMC) mRNA after treatment of L-malate. The results indicated that the expression of AGC mRNA was increased significantly in the L-malate treated group compared with control group. There were no difference in the levels of mAST,mMDH and OMC mRNA. The results predict a potential molecule mechanism that L- malate increased capability of the malate-aspartate shuttle by enhancing the level of AGC mRNA.

The effect was studied on thickening and stabilization of maltdextrin with different DE in ice cream,the optimum DE value and amount of maltdextrin was determined through orthogonal test,and the amount of CMC-Na,gelatin and glycerin monostearate were also determined too. The result showed that the amount of dextrin with DE10 7.0%,the mixture of CMC- Na and gelatin(CMC-Na to gelatin was 1:1) 0.4%,the glycerin monostearate was 0.3%. The ice-cream had good taste,ideal overrun and good thaw-resistance,compared with ice cream made by traditional formula.

The influence of liquid culture conditions on intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) production of Phellinus baumii was investigated. According to the orthogonal array design,the relative optimum medium compositions for IPS production were initial pH5.0,soybean powder,soluble starch,C/N ratio of 1:1,the production reached 2.70g/L. According to Intuitive analysis and variance analysis,the main factor of IPS was initial pH (A),the main factor of mycelial dry weight was nitrogen (B),A and B were independence with each other,correlation coefficient of the results of IPS content and mycelial dry weight was -0.16 (p> 0.05),it showed there wasnt’ credibility pertinence between IPS content and mycelial dry weight.

Curcuminoids from the alcohol extract of Curcuma Longa L root were readily separated by HPLC equipped with a PDA detector on a C30 column under following conditionStationary phase=YMCTM Carotenoid S-5 column (250×4.6mm); Mobile phase A=acetonitrile-water (80:20,V/V) with pH 2.5 adjusted by phosphate; Mobile phase B=acetonitrile:water (95: 5,V/V) with pH 2.5 adjusted by phosphate; Linear gradient: B increased from 0 to 100% (V/V) in 15 minutes; Flow rate=1.0ml/ min. PDA wavelength range: 300～550nm; Sample injection volume=20μl. According to their chromatographic behavior and spectral characters,three homologues,curcumin,demethoxy curcumin and bisdemethoxy curcumin,were identified. Results of this study would form a base to quantify curcuminoid homologues by C30-HPLC-PDA.

Proteins in concentrated apple juice were isolated and purified by ion-exchange chromatography and SDS-PAGE. The results showed that the proteins that existed in concentrated apple juice included two fractions,one is from mature apple fruit(protein Ⅰ),and the other one is enzyme which added into apple juice(protein Ⅱ). The molecular weight of protein Ⅰ is small,about 25kDa. The molecular weight of protein Ⅱis higher than 31kDa. Amino acid composition analytical of protein Ⅱ showed that the content of proline is low,protein Ⅱnot involved in post-haze directively.

Chitosan /sodium alginat was selected as a compound wall material of controlled- release microcapsule of glucose oxidase in this study. Influence of different factors to the recovery of enzyme activity and the controlled-release process were investigated. The results showed that the optimal conditions to prepare the controlled- release glucose oxidase were concentra- tion of sodium alginate 2.0%,concentration of chitosan 0.75%,concentration of glucose oxidase 0.6%,pH 5.0,concentration of calcium ion 0.3%,stirring speed 1200r/min. Under this condition the recovery of enzyme activity reached 93.8%,and the controlled-release GOD showed better slow release character.

The aqueous enzymatic process of peanut protein from peanut was introduced in this paper. The cellulase was adopted. The optimum process conditions with cellulose were as followalkaline extraction of pH 8.5,temperature 45℃,amount of enzyme added 0.2g/L,enzyme reaction time 120min,acid precipitation of pH4.5. On these conditions,the product yield of peanut protein reached 69.59%,the content of peanut protein was 91.88%.

Maltose fatty acid ester was prepared with maltose and fatty acyl chloride in the presence of catalyst. Effects of amount of catalyst and solvent,reaction temperature and time,molar ratio of material used as reactions were investigated. The optimum conditions of synthesis were determined as follows:molar ratio of maltose to fatty acyl chloride 1.5:1,catalyst (potassium carbonate) to fatty acyl chloride 0.03:1 (W/W),solvent(glacial acetic acid)to fatty acyl chloride 20:1(ml/g),the temperature 80～90℃,the synthetic reaction for 8～9 hours. The yield of maltose fatty acid ester was up to 83%～92%.

Ethanol as solvent,triterpenoids is extracted in combination with ultrasound and determined by UV spectrum. The influence of extracting time ,liquid to solid ratio,ethanol concentration on the yield of triterpenoids,is evaluated by single factor test and orthogonal test. The results suggest that,the most optimum conditions for this extraction,are extracting time 30min,liquid to solid ratio 8:1,and anhydrous alcohol as solvent. On this optimum conditions,the content of triterpenoids is 5.61%(W/W).

Aiming at cellulose and phytic acid,the anti-nutrition factors(ANF),existing in brown rice which make brown rice unsuitable for eating,the cellulase and phytase were directly put in brown rice in order to hydrolyze the cellulose and phytic acid in cortex of brown rice. The main factors including temperature,pH,consumption of enzyme solution,hydrolyzing time were respectively studied for each enzyme. Based on this,the orthogonal tests were conducted to optimize the reacting conditions. The results showed that the suitable conditions with cellulase were pH 3.5,10ml enzyme solution,at 55℃ for 90min,which for phytase were pH 2.5,15ml enzyme solution,at 55℃ for 150min. On the optimized conditions,phytic acid and cellulose in the cortex could be effectively decreased by using two enzymes together,meanwhile the hydrolyzing time was markedly shortened on the similar hydrolyzing results.

The text introduces a method of extracting lentinan from the mushrooms. By microwave technique using mushrooms as the raw material. By changing the microwave radiation power,radiation time and the extracting times,we have obtained the best conditions(ratio of material to liquid lg:20ml; microwave radiation power 50%; radiation time 3.5h and extracting 2 times) to extract lentinan from mushrooms. The method of extraction have many advantages over tradition method,such as,lower power,shorter time and higher yield.

 Based on single factor test including the ratio of water to fish,enzyme dosage,enzymatic hydrolyzing time,pH and stirring speed,oil extraction yield as evaluation index more important factors enzyme dosage,temperature and pH were studied for tai-fish oil extraction by response surface methodology. The results showed the following optimal conditionenzyme dosage 1000U/g raw material,pH 7.3,temperature 45℃.

 The cordycepin was extracted from aweto mycelium in the different pH value distilling solution with the microwave processing method,and was determined by HPLC. It was found that in pH 2.0,pH 3.0 solution the extraction efficiencies were higher than in medium pH solution by 3.89% and 3.99%; When the acidic extracted solution be neutralised to medium pH,the cordycepin content could also be found higher than that before in acidic solution. So it was believed that the extraction efficiency in acidic solution is totally higher than that in medium pH distilling solution by 7% above.

 In comparison with the different drying methods of honeysuckle,the drying methods have more important effect on the quality of honeysuckle. The dried honeysuckle color is green as dried by microwave and heating,yellow-green as dried by sun curing and vacuum,brown as dried by vacuum freezing. The dried honeysuckle chlorogenic acid contents are 5.93% as dried by microwave,5.17% as dried by sun curing,5.53% as dried by heating,3.95% as dried by vacuum,3.35% as dried by vacuum freezing;The bacteria in 1g dried honeysuckle are 1×104 as dried by microwave,3.4×105 as dried by sun curing,1.4×105 as dried by heating,6×104 as dried by vacuum,4×104 as dried by vacuum freezing,respectively. The results indicated that the microwave drying method is fit for honeysuckle.

Autumn olive was recognized as a novel resource of food,because it contained the plenty of lycopene. In this study,an attempt was made to apply supercritical CO2 extraction technique in the extraction of lycopene from the fruit of autumn olive,including the optimum of pressure,temperature and co-extraction species. Data of this study showed that an increase in pressure and the application of co-extraction solvent resulted in an improvement of extraction efficiency. Additionally,extract by supercritical CO2 extraction contained more lycopene than that by solvent extraction. If a progress can be made in the improvement of extraction efficiency,supercritical fluid extraction will be an alternative to extract lycopene from the fruit of autumn olive.

The method and technique of rutin extraction from Eucalyptus Youmanii leaves were discussed first time in this paper. Rutin was extracted by alkali-solution and acid-isolation,ethyl alcohol reflux and hot water with orthogonal design. The techniques of extracting by alkali-solution and acid-isolation were: pH8,ratio of solid to liquid 1:10,time 10min,extracting twice and purifyed by hot water. The techniques of extracting by ethyl alcohol reflux were: 75% ethyl alcohol,temperature 75℃,time 3h,10% sodium bicarbonate,ratio of solid to liquid 1:20,and purifyed by hot water. The techniques of extracting by hot water were: time 30min,size 100 eyes,ratio of solid to liquid 1:30,extracting twice,and purifyed by hot ethyl alcohol. The method of alkali-solution and acid-isolation extraction is the best among all.

In this paper,aloe concentrate juice,aloe juice and beverage were prepared. The amounts of VC,total acid,total sugar and protein etc. in them were determinated and compared. The effects of preparation conditions on nutritional ingredients were investigated. By the analysis and comparison of nutritional ingredients,storage time and transportation cost etc.,it is thought that the concentrate juice from aloe has a better market prospect as healthier drink.

 The paper investigated the technological conditions of prefreezing and vacuum freeze-drying for preserving the green asparagus. Through two factors contrast design,it was sured that the optimum conditions of prefreezing are being freezed 4h at -20℃. The L9(34) orthogonal design showed that the optimum conditions of freeze-drying are: pressure 55Pa,temperature of sublimation 55℃ and temperature of resolution 65℃.

 Vacuum freeze-drying and spray-drying,the two kinds of drying methods for producing microecological agent of Bacillus subtilis var. natto,their effect on live-bacterium amount of the agent,the nattokinase vitality and the livability of Bacillus subtilis var. natto were studied. The results indicated that,for the two methods of drying,the maximal live-bacterium amount reach 1.21×109CFU/g and 0.96×109CFU/g,the best bacterium livability are 84.71% and 67.49%,and the highest nattokinase activities are 11516.58IU/g and 7203.96IU/g,respectively.

 In this paper,the technological condition of extracting lecithin from quails’ egg yolk aided with ultrasonic was researched. The effect of such factors as solvent component and amount,time and degree on extraction efficiency was studied,and orthogonal test was made to research reciprocity among primary factors and to optimize technological condition. The results showed that the optimum conditions were: the ratio of ethanol to aether 2:1,using 4 times solvent as much as egg yolk volume,extracting 30min,and repeating once above-mentioned operation,on this conditions the yield reached 87.5% and the purity of product was 70.3%. This method was charactered with convenient,great efficiency and little solvent leavings. So it is feasible to extract lecithin from quails’ egg yolk.

Desalination for casein hydrolysate in adsorption and desorption of macroporous adsorption resins DA201-C,NKA- II,AB-8,XAD1180,XAD16 and HZ-816 was investigated. Based on physical performance of resins,the best resin and detergent were chosen with the dynamic adsorption experiments by static adsorption. The results showed that the best resin to desalt casein hydrolysate is DA201-C,and desorption rate and desalination rate are both relatively high with 70% ethanol as desorpting agent.

The procedure of the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins from tilapia head by flavourzymeTM protease was studied through three consecutive experiments. The effects of four factors including starting pH,temperature,water-head ratio and enzyme-substrate ratio on α-amino nitrogen (α-AN) contented in tilapia head protein hydrolysate (THPH) were evaluated by 24 orthogonal test,the result showed that E: S ratio and temperature have great influence on α-AN. Optimal conditions of E: S ratio,hydrolyzing time,starting pH and temperature for this hydrolysis procedure were established as 20LAPU/g,3h,6.5～7. 0 and 50～55℃,respectively. Linear relationships were found between lg (E: S ratio) and α-AN at a period of hydrolyzing time of 0.5,1,2,3 and 6h,with correlation coefficients of R2=0.9804,0.9890,0.9708,0.9887 and 0.9311,respectively.

 The emulsification technology of conjugated linoleic acid microencapsulation with spray-drying was studied. The soy protein isolate and maltodextrin corn syrup were used as main shell-materials with sucrose ester as emulsifier in the paper. The evaluation of microencapsulation and the effect of homogenization on emulsify technology were discussed. The results of the orthogonal test desigin showed that the optimal conditions for preparation of emulsion to be spray-dried were as followtemperature of heat treatment 80℃,heat treatment time 60min,emulsification temperature 30℃,emulsification time 90min and the propotion of emulsifier to water is 1.5% (W/V),under these conditions,MEY (Microencapsulation yield) and MEE (Microencapsulation efficieney) could go up to 96.19% and 82.98%,respectively.

Taking acer truncatum bunge leaves as the raw material,the best enzyme was screened from different enzymes for the Chlorogenic acid. The single factor tests,orthogonal test designs and variance analyses were applied to optimize manipulation parameters of enzymes extracting technology. The results showed that cellulase possessed the strongest effect to Chlorogenic acid among different enzymes,the optimum manipulation parameters were cellulase dosage 0.03%,pH value 4.5,material/solvent ratio 1:55,extracting time 2.0h at 50℃.

 In this paper,saponification technology of lutein esters in Tagetse erecta L. extract to free lutein and its purification were investigated systemically. An orthogonal test table L16(45) was used to optimized the affecting factors such as the concentration of KOH in methanol (reaction solution),the ratio of reaction solution to material (ml/g),reaction temperature and reaction time on the base of single factor experiments. Gradient elution method was used to obtain purified free lutein. The content of free lutein in the end product was determined by TLC scanning method. The results showed that the optimal saponification parameter wa35% KOH-methanol at the ratio of 20:1(ml/g),55℃ and 4h. Under this condition,the content of free lutein can reach from 0.25% in the material to 45.59% in the saponified product and to 93.55% in the purified product.

In this paper,we use the Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis of bile salt hydrolase screened from kefir grains to the study environment factors of increasing enzyme vires. For four factors to affect synthesize of bile salt hydrolase,the fermentation conditions of high yield bile salt hydrolase were determined by the four factors and three levels orthogonal test L9(34). As followglucose 2%,soya-peptone 2%,fermentation temperature 37℃,amount of inoculation 2%. In optimization conditions,the vires of bile salt hydrolase is 11.84 times before optimize.

 The enzymatic hydrolysis action of protein in silver carp bone by Alcalase and Flavorzyme were investigated,and step hydrolysis conditions of protein in Silver Carp bone were optimized by orthogonal experiment. The optimum reaction temperature and pH value of Alcalase and Flavorzyme were 55℃ and 50℃,7.5 and 6.0,respectively. Hydrolysis degree,30.05%,and nitrogen recovery ratio,79.80% could be reached by hydrolyzing protein with 1500U/g Alcalase at the solid-liquid ratio of 1:4(W/V),initial pH8.0 for 2 hours at 55℃,and then with 1500U/g Flavorzyme for another 2 hours. Compared with those of hydrolyzing with Alcalase or Flavorzyme alone,hydrolysis degree were increased by 10.05% and 10.07%,and nitrogen recovery ratio were increased by 4.54% and 12.54%,respectively.

 Removal of dark color brown pigments and polyphenols of Dangshan pear juice by ultrafiltration membranes were studied. PES (polyethersufone) ultrafiltration membranes with different molecular weight cut-off (10,3 and 1k) were used to process Dangshan pear juice. To the removal of dark color,10k and 3k can remove some dark color,while the removal rates was up to 51% for 1k. All of the 3 kinds membranes can reduce polyphenols effectly,and the reduce rate increase with the decrease of molecular weight cut-off. Removal of polyphenols and brown colour is due to absorption and sieving of membrane. Ultrafiltration affects some component of Dangshan pear juice. Initial capacity could be restored easily by regenerating. Removal capacity of dark color brown pigments and polyphenols make ultrafiltration membranes shows a wide apply foreground in the future juice processf ield.

The preparation,purification and characterization of free radical scavenging active peptides from collagen hydrolysates of Paracaudina chinens var. were researched. Bromelain was used to hydrolyze the sea cucumber collagen. The optimal hydrolytic conditions of sea cucumber collagen with Bromelain were determined by orthogonal test. The results show that the optimal hydrolytic conditions of Bromelain are temperature 40℃,enzyme dosage240U/ml,concentration of substrate 18mg/100ml(as hydroxyproline),pH5.2,time 4h. And the hydrolysate prepared has about 52.20% of the scavenging ratio on O·2. The high free radical scavenging active fractions were separated and purified using the ultrafiltration and Sephadex G-25.

This paper firstly synthesized the maltose fatty acid ester by agent-in-water method. The influences of reaction time,temperature,proportion of reactant ect. on synthesis have been observed.

The oyster as the material,by hot water cooking,seasoned,dried,vacuum packed and sterilized,the high-moisture oyster instant food was prepared. The product retained the original nutrition components and its special seafood flavor. The protein and fat of the product were 28.30% and 10.0%,respectively. The product has rich nutrition,compact tissue,beautiful color and easy to eat. The product supplied a new direction for oyster utilization.

In this paper extracting collagen from scrap fish scale by water was studied. No sour,alkali,salt in the processing,reduced the pollution to the environment. The results showed that the best processing condition are the water ratio 1:1～1:1.5,temperature 60～70℃,time 2～3h.

The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) preparation from linoleic acid of corn germ oil was investigated in glycerin solvent system under microwave irradiation. The molecular structures of end products were determined by UV and FT-IR spectrum. The results showed that they contained cis- and trans- double bonds. Compared with conventional heating with oil bath,microwave irradiation was an effective way to prepare CLA. Through the analysis of impact factors and results of orthogonal test,the optimal preparation conditions of CLA were gotten,CLA yield above 95%.

 An extraction method of natural β-carotene from maize paste was studied. The related factors which affected the extraction rate of β-carotene were examined,and the technology for extraction of β-carotene from maize paste was set up. To raise the purity of β-carotene,the coarse specimen was separated and purified by the column chromatography. The extraction technology can be use to effectually extract the natural β-carotene from maize paste,and provide some reference for enhancing the value of corn gluten meal.

 The flavonoids content in Crytotaenia japonic was determinated by spectrophotometer with rutin as standard material. The analysis results showed that the average content of flavonoids in C. japonic is 4.47%,and the method for determining flavonoids content of C. japonic is simple and useful,meanwhile the determination repeatability is very good. The extraction technology of flavonoids in Crytotaenia japonic was studied by single factor test and L9(34) orthogonal test design method. The optimal conditions of extraction were obtained as follow70% alcohol as solvent,twenty times of volume of extraction reagent as large as the dry weight of C. japonic,the extraction temperature at 70℃ for1.5h,and the extraction being repeated for three times.

The extraction of flavonoids from old stalk of asparagus by ultrasonic wave was studied. Experiment results showed that the optimum conditions were: 50℃,power 150W,time 45min,the ratio of material to water 1:5. On these condition the yield of flavonoids can reach 4.23%.

Pitaya,abudant in nutrition,having certain health care function,is a good resource for food industry. This paper discussed the processing technology of fruit vinegar pitaya as the raw material. The results showed that,at 25℃ of alcohol zymolysis,14% percentage of sugar,initial pH4.4,we can get the largest amount of alcohol production after 11 days. And at 30 ℃ of acetic acid zymolysis,we can get pitaya vinegar with brown color and special gentle taste after 10 days.

The technology of by complex coacervation method to prepare coacervates,and the coacervates dried to prepare Vitamin A microcapsules by spray drying was investigated. Single factor and orthogonal test were done and evaluating indicator is encapsulation efficiency. The following optimum processing conditions for preparing vitamin A microcapsules were obtained: pH 4.2,impeller rotational time 20min,the ratio of core material to wall material 3:1,temperature 45℃.

 In this article,four plants were combined by using orthogonal test. Antimicrobial effect of liquid of plant extracted and essential oils extracted by supercritical CO2 in vitro was studied. Based on antimicrobial effect of essential oil,the optimum conditions for supercritical fluid extraction was obtained.

 Drying rapeseed with microwave-heating,and analyzing qulity of the processed oil with GC and IR were stuided. The results indicated: the moisture content of the rapeseed declines from 11.85% to 2.85% with the process of microwave-heating; the yield of the rapeseeds is improved after the process of microwave-heating; the constitutes of the fatty acid vary inconspicuously and no E-fatty acids exist; the POV of oil rises higher as the rapeseeds are processed longer; the time of microwave radiation have few influence on the content of protein and acid value but it has some effects on the hydrosoluble protein in extent.

 Callus from Eucommia ulmoides grows too rigidly to suspension culture,so rapidly vegetal and looses callus is the basis of it’s cell suspension culture. The sterile seedling as explants,the effects of different explants,concentration of NAA,2,4-D and 6-BA and 3 basic medium on Eucommia ulmoides callus induction and growth were investigated. The results showed that the epicotyl and cotyledon are much easier and the MS medium is the best medium for callus induction. The results of L9(34) orthogonal test indicated that properly increasing 6-BA content could reduce darkening and improve loose callus formation,and the optimum hormone combination was 1.0mg/L2,4-D+1.0mg/LNAA+1.0mg/6-BA.

 During the technique of producing the dry red Nanking cherry wine,the yield of pressed Nanking cherry fruit juice would be improved by 13.6% after added 5% distiller’s yeast and be treated 6 hours at room temperature. Using Malic acid- alcoholic fermentation to degrade the organic acid of the Nanking cherry fruit juice,the acidity of juice decreased by 10.4g/L on average,that is 54% of the acid has been degraded,after adding 8%～10% Schixogony yeast No.1 3 days before fermentation. During the fermentation,pressed juice with peel was fermented at low temperature (15℃) for 4 days,then filtered juice and continued to be fermented at the same temperature. The wine produced by above technology has perfect color,flavor and taste in special style. That the Nanking cherry honey wine and Nanking cherry sparkling wine of coke style were produced was based on the dry red Nanking cherry wine technique,sensory quality of these products were identified,the results indicated that these wines have delicate and elegant flavor and have perfect fruit and bouquet.

This article studied on extraction technology condition of corn skin dietary fiber adopting the orthogonal design method,and defines optimum technology condition by means of the alkali treatment,bleaching treatment,and the acid treatment. The result indicated this edible fiber. By this method,the end product is the pale yellow color,the starch content ≤0.80%,each gram textile fiber increases the quantity of heat which add it into food ≤1.925kJ,possess the edible security,the multi- fibers,the low thermal characteristic

Guanxi honey pomelo peel as raw material,the optimum extracting conditions of pectin were investigated by single factor and orthogonal test design in this paper. The results showed that pH value of extraction had significant effect on the yield of pictin,and temperature of extraction,time of extraction had no significant effect. The results analyses showed that the optimum technological parameters were: extracting 90min at 90℃ with pH 1.5 value of extracting solution. The extraction yield of pectin was 19.10%. The extraction yield of pectin on this extraction conditions was high,and the qualities of pectin reached the national standards.

Based on contrast analysis,some factors that affect extracting rate of flavanoids from Vaccinium uliginosum.L were studied. The orthogonal design of L9(34)was used to select the optimal technological conditions for extracting flavanoids from leaves of Vaccinium uliginosum L .with the internal reflux method,and the optimal parameters were as followtemperature 80 ℃,the ratio of 1/50,ratio of material to water 1:50,concentration of alcohol 80%,time 25min.

 Phosphatidyl choline of high purity (PC content 96.2%) was prepared from commerial soybean powder phospholipids (PC content 40.0%) by coordination adsorption column chromatography (CACC). As the main objective,Cu2+ ligand exchange resin column was established for the separation of phosphatidyl cholines and CACC conditions were optimized. The results showed that,phosphatidyl choline of high purity could be effectively and facilely separated under the optimum CACC conditions.

 Green pepper fruit was taken as the research object,adopting orthogonal test design. Taking the sense organs assess,acide value,peroxide value,total plate colony,Escherichia coli as the test idex,the optimum conditions of green pepper fruit’ s processing data were studied with respect to conditions of color protection,salt content,garlic content,ginger content,pH. Finally,the optimum conditions of color protection were: temperature 75℃,the density of Cu2+ 400×10-6,pH5,the ratio of material to liquid material 3:1,time 30min or the density of Cu2+ 300×10-6,pH5,the ratio of material to liquid material 4:1,time 40min. The optimum conditions of non-thermal processing of garlic inhibition to bacteria on green pepper sauce were: salt content 17%,garlic content 20%,ginger content 15%,pH4.

Objective: To establish a method for determining the content of the four lignans in extract of Schisandra chinensis and S.sphenanthera simultaneously. MethodSamples were extracted with alcohol and CO2-SFE. The contents of schisandrin,Wuweizi ester A,schisandrin A and schisandrin B could be determined simultaneously by dual wavelength TLC- Scanning (λS=220nm,λR=340nm) after the extracts were developed by n-hexane- ethyl acetate (8:3) on self-made GF254 plates. ResultThe calibration curves were linear in range of 0.44～1.54μg for schisandrin(R=0.9986),0.60～2.10μg for Wuweizi ester A(R=0.9960),0.52～1.82μg for schisandrin A(R=0.9997) and 0.48 ～1.68μg for schisandrin B(R=0.9962) respectively. The average recoveries(n=5) were 104.5% for schisandrin(RSD=4.0%),95.0% for wuweizi ester A(RSD=2.8%),96.1% for schisandrin A (RSD=2.6%) and 102.1% for schisandrin B(RSD=1.9%). All of the contents of four lignans in extracts of schisandra with SCF- CO2 are higher than that in extracts of schisandra with alcohol. Conclusion: This method was found to be simple,fast and accurate for simultaneously determining the content of the four lignans in extract of Schisandra chinensisl and S. sphenanthera.

 Total DNA was extracted from soybean-milk powder and potato,maize,tamato and their procced food. The plant derived components in food were identified by PCR detection for plant endogenous genes such as soybean lectin gene,potato patatin gene,maize IVR gene and tomato PG gene as well as their command genes such as rbcL gene of plant chloroplast and 18S rDNA fragment. Duplex PCR of above very endogenous gene together with 18S rDNA or rbcL gene respectively were also carried out. The results indicated single PCR and duplex PCR could be applied to identify plant derived components in food steadily.

The determination of acid value of oils by colorimetric method was studied. To avoid the use of expensive surfactant bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate,vortex and centrifugation were used. By comparison between the nation standard method and the colorimetric methods for the determination of acid value of safflower oil,sunflower oil and corn oil,it is clear that the two methods had similar precision and the relative error between them was 30.0%,15.3% and 9.1% respectively.

 Objective: A new method of chemiluminescence for determining arsenic in wheat is developed. It is a good method for measuring harmful element in wheat. MethodThe method is based on that arsenic reduces potassium permanganate and the reaction is coupled with the chemiluminescence system Luminol-KMnO4. ResultDetection limit of method is 5.0×10-10g/ml and RSD is lower than 5%(n=5). The linearity range of the method is between 2×10-9g/ml and 1.4×10-8g/ml .The recovery of the method is between 98% and 107%. Conclusion: The method has been supplied to determine the arsenic in wheat. The results were satisfactory.

 The formononetin in the Millettla nitida Benth. var. hirsutissima. Z.Wei was analyzed by HPLC-Mass spectrometry. By means of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid as mobile phase with flowing rate at 0.8ml/min,exploiting Spherisord ODS(250mm ×4mm,5μm)with gradient elution,the tandem mass spectral acquisition was done in positive and negative electrospray ionization. The result showed that the plant studied here contained formononetin.The linear range of this method was from 6.0 to 126.0μg/ml. The limit of detection(LOD,S/N=3) and limit of quantity(LOQ,S/N=10) were 0.8μg/ml and 2.7μg/ml respectively. The recoveries were between 99.6%～104.3%. The method can be applied for the determination of formononetin in the Millettla nitida Benth. var. hirsutissima. Z.Wei because of its briefness,rapidity,good sensitivity and recovery.

Corn oil was extracted from corn in Liaoning. The fatty acids in the corn oil were estirified and analyzed by GC-MS. 8 fatty acids were separated and identified . Of them the major fatty acids were: hexadecanoic acid; 13-octadecenoic acid and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid. The content of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid in corn oil was determinated by HPLC.

 Head space solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique was employed to extract volatile compounds of essential oil from weizhou honeyorange. Volatile compounds of essential oil were isolated and identified successfully by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),and 42 components were identified. It was found the main components were Isolimonen (25.92%),2-(1-Methylethylidene)-bicyclo2,2heptane (19.82%),4-Methyl-1-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene (15.81%),2-Ethyl-1-octen-3-yne(9.20%),β-myrcene (8.59%),(E)-3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene (6.41%). The volatile components identified is 98.77% in volatile compounds.

 The lutein and related compounds from the flower of marigold were readily separated by C30-HPLC-PDA,including the separation of lutein esters and geometrical isomers,under following conditionWith YMCTM Carotenoid S-5 column (250 ×4.6mm),mobile phase A and B were acetonitrile-methanol (75:25,V/V) and MTBE ,respectively. Linear gradient elution was performed at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The PDA acquired the spectra of fractions from 300 to 600nm. Sample injection volume was 20μl. According to its chromatographic behavior,spectral characters and geometrical transition catalyzed by iodine,each fraction was preliminarily identified. Result from this study suggested that the application of C30-HPLC-PDA in the separation of lutein and related compounds from marigold flower exhibited a bright future.

To determine the fatty acids in sunflower seed,the sunflower seed oil was extracted by Soxhlet extraction,the fatty acids in the oil were esterified by sodium hydroxide-methanol,and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 4 fatty acids are identified in the sunflower seed,the main components are: unsaturated fatty acids in the sunflower seed.

An analytical method of cancerigenic acrylamide in food by GC-MS was studied in this article. The acrylamide in samples was extracted with polar solvents such as water,alcohols and cleaned up by centrifugal fitration,solid-phase-extraction- column. 2,3-DBPA was derived from the extracts through bromation,and determined by GC-MS.The major characteristic ion fragments (m/z) are: 152,150,108,106. The limit of detection is 5～10μg/kg. The recoveriy is 80.0%～110.0%. The variable coefficient is 3.25%～9.40%. The linear range is 0～3.5mg/kg. This method is precise and selective,low limit of detection,wide liner range,little interference. It is suitable for the determination of acrylamide in food.

 Based on the principle of enzyme inhibition,using the immobilized chicken liver esterase and a flow injection analysis (FIA) enzyme biosensor (developed by ourselves),this paper investigated the inhibiting power of several insecticides to the enzyme,and selected methamidophos as the standard pesticide for the quantitive determination. The standard curves of inhibition ratios-methamidophos content were set up corresponding to different initial enzyme activity. At last,the quantitive detection for cucumber and greengrocery added certain enhanced insecticides including methamidophos,dimenthoate,acetphate,carbaryl and malathion was performed,and the results showed that the establishment of the quantitive standard could be helpful to estimate the insecticides residue in the samples.

 Adetermination method of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Crataegus cuneata Sieb. et Zucc. by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was established and at the time UV spectrum of two components was detected by means of photodiode array detector(PAD). The chromatographic column,Nucleosil C18 (4.6mm×300mm,5μm),methanol- water (87: 13,V/V) mobile phase with 0.8ml/min flow rate,the detected wavelength (210nm),and the column temperature(26℃) were adopted. The calibration curve of ursolic acid was linear under the content of 0.1244～2.488μg,the correlation coefficient was over 0.9996.The average recovery of ursolic acid was 98.1%. The calibration curve of oleanolic acid was linear under the content of 0.1192～2.384μg,the correlation coefficient was over 0.9999. The average recovery of oleanolic acid was 101.2%. The method is simple,accurate,reproducible and has wider linear range. The method can be used to determine ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Crataegus cuneata Sieb. et Zucc.

Essential oil of cumin seeds (Cuminum vyminum L.) was extracted by a microwave-heated purging and adsorption device in yield of 4.45%. The relative amounts of the components in GC-MS analysis were calculated by area normalization. Thirty- four compounds were identified,covering 95.14% of the total peak areas. The main volatiles were cuminyl aldehyde (27.05%),cumin alcohol (25.14%),β-phellandrene (13.34%),γ-terpinene (12.45%) and p-cymene (12.27%).

 A new method of determination of cholesterol in black sweet corn oil by HPLC was studied. The recovery was above 98%. The detection limit was 0.002mg/ml for the cholesterol. The results showed that cholesterol was not detected in black sweet corn oil. The method is rapid,simple and applied.

This paper established an RP-HPLC method to determine the contents of salidroside and tyrosol in Rhodiola fastigiat. The separation was performed on a C18( 3.9×50mm,3.5μm),water-methanol(80:20),the mobile phase as at a flow rate of 1ml/min. The detection wavelength was 276nm. Linear ranges were between 1.5～30μg and 0.8～16μg respectively,r=0.9999. The average recoveries were 98.5% and 98.2% respectively. The analysis was finished within 3 minutes. This method is sensitive,quick,simple and accurate for the simultaneous measurement of salidroside and tyrosol in Rhodida. It can be used to select the quality species quickly.

 A comparative study was made on three different defined method detection limits ( MDL or LOD ),i.e. simple signal to noise ratio,EPA,and EU/IUPAC(Ccα) methods,for the determination of multi-organophorous pesticides residues such as methamidaphos,acephate,dimethoate,methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos in vegetables. Detailed estimation procedures,group data for various defined“ Method Detection Limit” and brief comments and discussion on each method are given. It is suggested that an appropriate defined method detection limit for method validation and evaluation should be chosen according to the objective of the determination so as to achieve the best economics and reasonable comparison with related international regulations. The results from this study show that an average recovery of 70%～120% with relative standard deviation less than 13% is achieved for the spiking levels of 0.1mg/kg to 0.5mg/kg. For methamidaphos,acephate,dimethoate,methyl parathion and chloryrifos,the method detection limit (MDL) or limit of detection (LOD) for this method as defined by two times signal to noise ratio in reagent blank and in Chinese cabbage matrix is 0.007,0.007,0.002,0.003,0.002 and 0.01,0.009,0.009,0.009,0.008mg/kg,respectively,or by EPA(in Chinese cabbage matrix) is 0.01,0.01,0.01,0.01,0.009mg/kg,and the Ccα as defined by EU and IUPAC(in Chinese cabbage matrix) is 0.02,0.02,0.02,0.02,0.01mg/kg,respectively. The results also show that the Ccα for various pesticide residues in this work could satisfy the more severe demands set by EU 2003/118/EC.

s:In this paper,Hibiscus trionum L. seed oil was extracted by soxhlet method and its common physical-chemical properties were studied,and its fatty acids composition were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The result showed that the extraction ratio is 16 %. The refractive index of the seed oil is 1.4741,the iodine value is 126.9gI/100g,the acid value is 6.72mg(KOH)/g,the saponification value is 185. 1mg(KOH)/g. The 10 fatty acids are identified in Hibiscus trionum L. seed oil,the main fatty acids are linoleic acid(63.61%),hexadecanoic acid(16.72%),oleic acid(12.30%),stearic acid(2.23%) and the total content of the unsaturated fatty acids is 79.11%.

A novel method is proposed for the simultaneous separation and determination of night food additives,saccharin sodium,acesulfame potassium,benzoic acid,sorbic acid,carmine,amaranth,tartrazine,sunset yellow and caffeine by reversed- phase high performance liquid chromatography. The separation was achieved within 10 min by using a Nova-Pak reverse phase C18 column (150mm×3.9mm,4μm,Waters Inc) with 20mmol/L NH4Ac (pH6.8)-methanol as mobile phase (gradient elution: methanol: 5% 5min; 5%～30%,12.5%/min; 30% continued 3min; 30%～5%,25%/min),and lastly detected at 234nm through a UV detector. The average recoveries for real samples ranged from 77.0% to 108.5%.

 Staphylococcus aureus is one of the microbe which affect the quality of the raw milk.It can produce enterotoxin which can not be destroyed by the high temperature sterilization. Enterotoxin is harmful to the human body.The Staphylococcus aureus golden marked specificity single-clone test plate and the petrifilm staph express count plate were used in the research to verify altogether 84 raw milk samples collected from Tianjin and Shanghai.The results indicated that the microbial contamination condition in raw milk is unoptimistic.It proved the Staphylococcus aureus golden marked specificity monoclonal antibody test plate is a kind of fast,convenient and veracious examination product through the research.It is worth to popularize in raw milk market.

A microorganism strain producing the antimicrobial substance was isolated from peaches and was named fmb3. The inhibitory test showed that the antimicrobial substance produced by fmb3 can strongly inhibit the gram positive strains Staphy lococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus,the gram negative strain Escherichia coli and the mold Penicillium expansum. Identification of the microorganism strain was also performed using the 16S rDNA sequence analysis. First the genomic DNA from fmb3 was extracted,and then the general primers were designed according to conservative sequence of bacteria 16S rDNA. Furthermore,amplifying the target 16S rDNA sequence and the sequence analysis by using the NCBI BLAST database was described. The strain was finally identified as the Bacillus subtilis.

 HPLC was used to determine the content of quercetin in the different part of the Sorbus tianschanica L. A Komasil- C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm )was used mobile phase,flow rate being 0.7ml/min,detecting wavelength being 368nm,and the method is quick and simple with good repetition can be used for quality control.

 The red carotenoid was separated into 5 peaks by HPLC with 5μm,25cm×4.6mm ODS RP-C18 column,flow phase: methanol-water(99.5:0.5 V/V),flow velocity: 0.5ml/min,sample size: 5μl,determinating wavelength 480nm,column temperature: 18℃. The 5 peaks had the same molecular weight 562 identified by ESI-MS. The results indicated that the red carotenoid could be separated into 5 isomers by RP-C18-HPLC with the conditions above.

Objective: Establish a hyperlipemia mice model instead of rat model and investigate the possibility for detecting blood lipids functional food. MethodMice feed on high lipids food. Investigate the statistic changes of blood lipids in 60 days. At the same time and condition,using rats and mice models for detecting the function of declining blood lipids food. Two kinds of health functioning foods are observed by detecting the level changes of different blood lipids on different kinds of models. ResultMice feed on high lipids food for 30 days can be used as hyperlipemia model. In 30 days continuing feeding,the high blood lipids level stays steadily. The level changes of three kinds of lipids selected for indicators between mice and rats models make no differences. Conclusion: It is possible,using mice instead of rats as a model for evaluating the function of declining high blood lipids food.

To investigate the effects of lentinan on isolated skeletal muscular fatigue,we stimulated the isolated toad gastrocnemius by pulse electric curent. The results showed that: the lentinan at concentration of 0.03% ,0.09%,0.27% can prolong the time of contraction amplitude decreasing to 90%,50% and 10% of the max contraction amplitude (p<0.05). The lentinan at concentration of 0.81% can shorten the time of contraction amplitude decreasing to 50% and 10% of the max contraction amplitude (p<0.05). So the conclusion is that the proper concentration of lentinan has the effect of antifatigue.

 The objective of this paper was to study effect protection of to liver of the extract of carrot by supercritical carbon dioxide to CCl4 treated with mice. This result showed that the extract of carrot by supercritical carbon dioxide can decrease activity of ALT,AST and the damage degree of CCl4 to mice liver.

 Objective: To explore and evaluate the effects of Lb.casei Zhang on the production level of IFN-γ,IL-12,IL-1α,TNF-αin sera of mice. MethodBy ELISA assay the contents of IFN-γ,IL-12,IL-1α and TNF-αwere examined in sera of mice after 18d arally administrated with three variety of dosege of heat-killing and living Lb.casei Zhang,which were isolated from koumiss and could resist acid artifical gastric and intestinal juice. ResultIt showed that living Lb.casei Zhang with the high and middle content significanyly increased the content of IFN-γand IL-12 in sera of mice (p<0.05),and IL-1αandTNF-αwere decreased greatly (p<0.01). Heat-killing Lb.casei Zhang had no appreciable effect on cytokine. Conclusion: The immuno- modulation effect of living L.casei Zhang is better than that heat-killing L.casei Zhang,it is favorable for immuno-modulation on many aspect.

 After feeding the control SD rats and the NIDDM rat models with different RS content foods,and studying the different postprandial blood sugar responsions and the blood sugar and weight changes within four weeks,we concluded that: RS food can balance the postprandial blood sugar. The food with proper RS content helps to keep a normal blood sugar level. Besides,it can both impede and relieve NIDDM symptoms,such as the increase of blood sugar of the animal models and weight loss etc.

 Objective: Discussing influence ofimmunity function about SBOS by enzymatic modifiction that altered nature by enzyme. Method: animal experiment was adopted in this paper,the mouses (male and female,weight 18～22g) were divided by four trail groups,in which it has 40 mouses. The examination were designed by lymphocyte marker of enzyme dyeing mensuration about mouse blood,hemolysin mensuration with immunogenicsign about chicken red cell and mensuration about phagocytosing function of celiac macrophagefirst for 21day continually,food by divided into the low,middle,and high three dose groups,meantime establishing blank group. Conclusion: soybean oligosaccharides that altered character by enzyme can improve immunity function about cell immunity,un-special isomerism immunity andbody fluid immunity.

 To investigate the effects of puerarin on blood sugar and serum antioxidant capacity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The level of blood sugar in the diabetic control group always increased,the results of T-AOC,SOD,GSH-PX,GSH,CAT reduced very notably,the content of MDA increased significantly. But The level of blood sugar and MDA in the diabetic administrated group declined significantly,the results of T-AOC,SOD,GSH-PX,GSH,CAT and MDA increased very notably. This study showed that puerarin administration could reduce the level of blood sugar,increase the content of insulin and improve antioxidant capacity in diabetic rats.

 Soybean isoflavones is a type of secondary metabolic product and belong to polyphenolic substance. Isoflavones are abundant micronutrients in our diet of legume,and evidence for their role of in the prevention of degenerative disease such as cancer,cardiovascular disease,diabetes,and hyperlipidemia and so on are emerging. To further study on the bioefficacy of isoflavones related to biological metabolism,the maximal plasma concentration (Cmax),the time to reach the maximal plasma concentration (Tmax),the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC),the elimination half-life (t1/2),and the relative dejection excretion which all describe the parameter of isoflavones pharmacokinetics were calculated using KM mice test. This experiment obtained better results in measurement isoflavones content with methanol as the solvent for isoflavones and by ultraviolet spectrophotometer; there was two dose of 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg in laboratory animal with i.g. and results was manifestative that plasma concentration was 0.65μg/ml by low doses and 0.75μg/ml by high dose. Moreover,the first-pass elimination in high dose happened; Two groups of dose almost had no differences in elimination half-life; Excretion from dejection was 19.87% of the intake of isoflavones in 24 hours. So it is considerable that urinary excretion is primary and hepato-enteral circulation is secondary in excretion pathway of isoflavones.

This study aimed at the relationship between lutein and zeaxanthin and NO released by macrophagesy,the mechanism of the immunomodulating activities of carotenoids. Lymphocyte and peritoneal macrophages proliferation in the presence or absence of lutein and zeaxanthin were detected with MTT assay in vitro. The percentage of phagocytosis of neutral red (NR) was detected with colorimetric assay. TNF-α in the culture supernatants were detected with biology assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was examined by Griess reaction. The results showed: 1mg/L LPS used as stimulant,the NO release was inhibited by 5μ mol/L lutein and 2.5μmol/L zeaxanthin respectively,while NO release was enhanced when the concentration of lutein and zeaxanthin was eaceeded 10μmol/L and 5μmol/L respectively. The immunomolating function and antitumor activity of luteinand zeaxanthin may be associated with its effect on NO by macrophage in vitro.

To probe the apoptosis mechanism of reproductive toxicity to testes cells from mice after acrylamide exposure. Kunming mices were given acrylamide at dose of 20,40 and 60 mg/kg b w. by intraperitoneal injection for 8 weeks. Apoptosis rate was measured by Annexin-V FITC/PI and TUNEL. The results suggested that the apoptosis rate of 20,40 and 60 mg/kg groups detected by Annexin-V FITC/PI assay were 0.14±0.04,0.32±0.01 and 0.38±0.02 respectively. Those by TUNEL assay were 0.18±0.04,0.37±0.01 and 0.44±0.02 respectively. Both methods suggested that the apoptosis rate in 40 and 60mg/kg bw. groups were significantly higher than that of negative group(p<0.05). The results between two assays had no significantly differences(p>0.05). To concluded,acrylamide plays a crisis role to apoptosis of testes cells from mice and the key factor was the dose but not the exposure time to mice. Moreover,both of methods were qualified as a important role to quantitate the apoptosis rate. The Annexin-V FITC/PI assay was more specific.

The effect 1-MCP of different concentrations which were 0.25,0.5 and 0.9μl/L on strawberry fruit fresh-keeping were studied in this paper. The hardness,total soluble solids (TTS),chlorophyll,polyphenol oxidase(PPO),respiration and malondialdehyde(MDA)were evaluated. The results indicated that the treatment of 1-MCP could maintain the hardness of strawberry fruit. 1-MCP could also block increasing of TTS and decreasing of the chlorophyll,increasing of the PPO. However,the effect of 1-MCP is not obvious in respiration,and it accelerated the increasing of MDA.

 The effect of fermented broth of Bacillus cereus on fresh-keeping of apples was studied primly. During the research,the water-loss,the brown stain and the putrescence caused by microbes of apples,dipped in fermented broth of Bacillus cereus for 10 minutes,were found to be decelerated,and there were much fewer changes in the amount of their VC,sugar and protein than those of the apples in the control group. The results indicated that the fermented broth of Bacillus cereus avails much to the fresh-keeping of apples.

In this study,fresh-cut bamboo shoot was treated with polylysine,then preserved in 4℃ after packaged with clear plastic wrap. The results indicated that: 100mg/L polylysine have very good inhibitory action to the microorganism; and it can reduce the loss of the moisture. After has processed fresh cuts the bamboo shoots L value as well as a value is higher than the control. The fracture force,hardness and the rigidity have the good degree of correlation,but the correlation between adhesiveness,fracture deformation,recoverable deformation and other target degree is bad.

The progress on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques for analyzing the metal elements in food-stuffs was reviewed,including in the applications of sampling preparation,pre-column derivation and determination of derivative solvent,chromatography preparation techniques and hyphenation with other detection apparatus (ICP-AES,ICP- MS,AFS) for the analysis of metal elements in food-stuffs. Special attention was given to HPLC analyzing technique with multi- determination of metal elements and maintaining a good analytic stability. The advance of the chromatography analyzing techniques for the metal elements was also discussed.

The storage stability of biological activity substances in royal jelly and the effect that these biological activity substances to royal jelly character were summarized in this article. On the base,the probabilities that these biological activity substances acted as marker of the royal jelly’s freshness were discussed.

Active oxygen species are considered to cause extensive oxidative damage to biological macromolecules,which bring about a variety of diseases as well as aging. Since water pollution promotes the progress of diseases and aging,endangers human health. The active water with physiological function is being concerned by more and more people. Electrolyzed-functional water is process water by electrolyzed methods,inducing electrolyzed-oxidizing water,electrolyzed-alkaline water,O3,and HClO. In this paper,recent progress of the studies on the alkaline electrolyzed-functinal water concerned with the functional regulation of animal cell and human health was summarized. It seems that the study on functional waters will have been vast prospect.

 From 1990s,universal salt iodization(USI) policy was practised in the worldwide. Salt with iodine is an important policy in China. This article introduces iodine deficiency disorder(IDD) in detail,including its concept,clinic symptom and the relationship between iodine deficiency and population quality. According t“oiodized salt monitor of the nation”,monitor result of iodized salt was analysed and compared ,some advices to control IDD were given.

The fruit of jujube is one health food that has comparatively superiority and international competitive capability,with wide developing prospect. Based on summarize the productive present situation of Chinese jujube fruit,the importance of developing safe and high quality jujube food was elaborated. The safety problem of jujube fruit food production in China was analyzed,and the development counter-measures of the safety food of Chinese jujube were also pointed out in this paper.

 With development of computer technology,acceleration of its speed and reduction of cost of hardware,computer vision detection technology is being used more and more widely in food logistics. This article summarizes the application and development of computer vision detection technology in food logistics,and points out the orientation for further research.

The paper reviews the composition and effect of moulds population on traditional dry-cured hams and their safety assessment. There is a potential risk that toxigenic strains exist among those moulds colonising on the surface of ham. Consequently,isolating and purifying natural growth moulds,selecting some non-toxic mould strains as starter cultures which are advantageous for colour,flavor and appearance of ham,that is an important way to insure the safety of traditional ham products.

The progress of extraction and activated function about yeastβ-glucan have been elaborated in this article. The extraction methods and the activated function such as enhance immunity and lower cholesterol and blood pressure of yeastβ- glucan have been analyzed. In addition,also introduced the direction,emphasis and the tendency of β-glucan for the future.

 Based on establishing the framework of the food safety management system,ISO22000 standard joined together with ISO9000 standard,and covered all of the requirements of HACCP from CAC. On the view of the government,food organization,consumer and certification industry,it is a need to develop the ISO22000 certification. But there are problems such as the limited scale of the food organization,and disordered operation of the certification. Then,the policy proposals are made in the end of the paper.

 Genetically-modified (GM) food is one of the most significant applications. This paper studied the safety of GM foods,and consumers’ attitudes change because of the labeling administration policy,which came to the conclusion that the labeling policy would decrease the sale of GM foods. Therefore,the government ought to administrate GM foods more seriously,and call for rational consumption.

 This paper divides the factors which influence food safety into the hard ones (i.e. technical factors) and the soft ones (i.e. institutional factors),and focuses on studying the soft factors. The paper points out that there are problems in China’s food quality supervising and safeguarding systems such as deficient laws and regulations and standards,irrational layout of food quality management departments,etc. Based on the analysis above,the paper puts forward some feasible countermeasures to protect the food safety,including the ideas about constructing effective supervising system for food safety and quality,making comprehensive food safety laws,regulations and standards,etc.

This paper introduces the fundamental conception of food,food packaging and food safety,summarizes the relationship between food packaging and food safety,discusses the main factors influencing the food packaging safety,analyses the safety of common food packaging materials and puts forward some measures guaranteeing food packaging safety.

 Agricultural is the basis of human existence and human food raw materials. Its security not only affects human health and quality of life,but also directly affects the growth and survival of mankind in the long run. Agricultural and food insecurity incidents often occur in the international community,as a result,the adverse impact of social and economic loss is very serious. After China’s admission to the WTO ,the detaining,returning and claiming of agricultural and food products by the importing country have occurred from time to time,it has seriously affected our country’s foreign trade. According to the analysis of the WTO rules that are related with food safety and the typical disputes about agricultural and food safety,the paper approaches some meaningful instance with the present safety problem of our agricultural and food trade.

This paper introduced the nutritional composition and healthy value of kiwifruit,the comprehesive processing utility of kiwi fruit juice,preserved fruit,fruit wine and seed oil.

The causes for the formation mechanisms of photo oxidation and its damages to food safety were analyzed,and the preventive measures in food to reduce or avoid the damages caused by photo oxidation were summarized. The applications of photo oxidation reduction were also given a brief introduction in this paper.

 The research was discuss different hydrolyze techniques of soybean isoflavone glucosides,compare the principium of each technique,course of technics and peculiarity of technics,show that hydrolysis of isoflavone glucosides by glucosidase is the best technique.It have profit and no pollution by microorganism zymolysis,and it is a new technique to produce soybean isoflavone in factory.

 Cereal grains can contribute to maintain health and prevent chronic diseases by supplying biologically active components. The exact mechanism of action of these components is not completely understood,but extensive evidence suggests the antioxidants that are present in the grains are the likely source of benefits. These activities or properties might protect against coronary heart disease and diabetes. The relationships of complex carbohydrates,whole grain products and the prevention of diseases,including type2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease continue to challenge the scientific community. Though cereal grains contribute to a healthy diet there are some people that can not tolerate the proteins present in the grain. This can lead to food allergies and when severe can be diagnosed as celiac disease.

 The B cell epitopes and T cell epitopes of bovine casein ,α-lactalbumin,bovine serum albumin and β-lactoglobulin were reviewed in detail. The similarity of conformational epitopes among the cow’s milk allergens and the location specificity of linear epitopes were introduced ,and the methods of the epitope mapping of cow’s milk allergens and its application were presented simply,too.

The biochemistry character of the major cow’s milk allergens β-lactoglobulin,casein,α-lactalbumin and their epitopes were introduced simply. The impact of processing including heating,pressure,enzymatic hydrolysis,glycosylation and fermentation on cow’s milk allergens were reviewed in detail. All of these informations are useful for producing non-allergenic or hypoallergenic dairy products.

The PPO and phenolics involved in the enzymatic browning in apple and some methords to inhibit the enzymatic browning occurring in the processing of cloudy apple juice were discussed.

 Biotechnology is burgeoning, which makes an important action in the area of food, resources, health and environment. On the research and application of biotechnology in the world, the application, current situation and future prospects in the area of food industry are reviewed in this paper.

The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), play an important role in nutrition and medicine. However, the traditional way of extracting it from fish oil is technologically complicated, resulting in high prices. PUFA is rich in microalgae. This paper summarized the advances in the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by the culture of microalgae, including its physiological action, synthesizing pathway, sources and cultivating methods.

Lactic acid and its metabolism play a very important role in the body’s metabolism network. They can control the metabolic directions of the pyruvate and adjust the NADH/NAD+ ratio in the system. So the lactic acid can be considered as a good pool of‘ reductive power’, through which the body’s redox and breathing state can be well regulated. This paper analyzed the basic pathways of the lactic acid metabolism in vivo and its regulating characteristics in the different conditions and discussed the potential ability of the lactate food in defending the development of cancer and the good prospect for further research and exploitation.

 A comprehensive food safety strategy requires the establishment of a farm-to-fork traceability system, which allows each step in the food chain to be followed and identified. This policy requires a multidisciplinary scientific approach including the wide range of technological knowl- edge necessary

 Gingkgo leaf, medlar and chrysanthemum health drink was scientifically made mainly from Gingkgo leaf, medlar and chrysanthemum by a series of disposal. The health drink with particular flavor and rich nutrition is fit for all people especially wrinkly and old folks. This article studied water extraction technology of Gingkgo leaf and medlar and identified the best prescription of health drink by orthogonal design.

 With traditional cuisine beef jerky fermented by Lactobacillus, this experiment has obviously improved the texture, color and flavor of the products, and determined the formula and technologcial conditions. The technologcial conditions are obtained: beef after sterilizing need appending salt 0.3%, carrot juice 2%, glucose 1%, culture temperature 40℃, culture time 48h; bittern temperature 100℃, bittern time 50min; roasting temperature 90℃, roasting time 150min.

Dry broad bean was major stuff, and some sticky ice starch, flour and salt were auxiliary that were done on the production of the broad bean chips in the experiment. The product’s making technology, major technical parameters and ingredient were determined through this study. As a result, the percentage of the stuff element was 45% broad bean, 14% sticky rice starch, 14% flour, 1% salt, 0.5% emulsifier, 0.6% glutin and the moisture in dried material was 8%, and the temperature of deep frying was 140℃. The product was well puffed and yellow. It tasted savory, flaky and crisp.

 Treated fresh alfalfa into the mixed liquid(100℃)made up of Na2CO3 0.3% and ZnAc2 0.015%, and heat them for 3 minutes, after making it into paste, wrap it with cyclodextrin for 2 days and then it was added into wheat flour in proportion 15%, with 2% vital gluten, 2%NaCl, 0.2% sodium alginate. Now then, nutrition noodles can be made and then green color in it can be preserved for a long time as well.