Carboxylesterase and organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) are capable of hydrolyzing and detoxifying different pesticides. In order to get the widest substrate spectrum organophosphorus hydrolase and carboxylesterase (B1) were co-expressed in one genetic engineering bacteria. The activity of OPH was assayed by orthogonal test, and the optimum condition were substrate concentration 2×10-4mol/L, temperature 25℃, reaction time 10min and pH8.0. In the detoxification of parathion on mosquitoes, 95% of the mosquitoes can be survived. And it has been used in biosensor for pesticide detection.

In this paper, the growth curve and utility rate of carbon, the pruducing curve of arginine and the pH of the culture medium of C.crenatum were determined. The results showed that C.crenatumA.S.M2.sp is the bacterium which has the highest yield of arginine. The yield of this bacterium gets to 9mg/ml. In conclusion, argR gene of C.crenatum is a positive regulator in the metabolism of arginine.

Food safety is more and more important to human being, while Lateolabrax japonicus is an important mariculture fish in southeastern seas of China. In the present study, we determined concentrations of 16 EPA priority PAH in seawater, liver of Lateolabrax japonicus using GC/MS techniques. The results showed that: (1) Bioconcentration factor (BCF) values in the liver are more than 500, increasing with the increase of PAHs’ molecular weights; so, PAH pollution is a threat to seafood security. (2) PAH with higher molecular weight is more easily depurated than the ones with lower molecular weight; (3)Dynamic equation is given to describe the depuration course. t1/2 of the higher molecular weight PAH component are 1.7 to 2.5 days, and t1/2 of the lower molecular weight PAH component are 3.4 to 24 days. It shows that it is effective to keep fish in clean seawater for seafood security.

The research used human blood serum allergic to milk and non-allergic to milk and applied ELISA method to determine the binding ability between human serum and milk hydrolyzed by enzyme. The optimum conditions of hydrolyzing milk and decreasing the danger of people’s allergy and meeting the drinkable standards for human allergic to milk and dairy products were studied. The results indicated the optimum hydrolysis conditions were W(E/S)=4%, pH1.5(pepsin)and pH8.0(trypsin and papain), T=40℃(pepsin and trypsin) and 45℃(papain), t=3h. The OD value at 492nm of the binding between the hydrolyzed milk and the blood serum of allergic people to milk decreased to the OD value of the binding between the non-hydrolyzed milk and the blood serum of non-allergic people to milk. On these conditions the allergen was eliminated.

The general properties of cellulase in Neurospora crassa was studied in this paper. The results were as follows: the optimal conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis were at pH4.8～5.3, 45～50℃. Cellulase was stable at pH4.8 and 50℃, and the activity of CMCase, Clase and β-glucosidase were different from one another. The cellulase was activated by Mn2+, but inhibited by Cu2+ and Al3+. Adding washing powder into producting enzyme substrate could improve the activity of cellulase, but detergent liquid could inhibit the activity.

The non-thermal disinfection of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by ultrasound treatment were investigated. In this study, the effects of the ultrasound treatment factors, the medium properties and the treatment temperature were evaluated. The results showed that E.coli was susceptible to ultrasound treatment, while S.aureus had great resistance to the treatment. Inactivation of microbes were improved by strengthening power intensity, prolonging irradiation time and increasing temperature. The disinfection of microbes in culture medium was more effective than in distilled water. In a conclusion, everything which could strengthen the cavitation or weaken the cell structure should be effective in disinfection. No cell recovery was found occurring according to the result of viable clone counting after being storaged at 4℃.

The fresh egg yolk was separated into three components by organic solvent: nonfat components, polar lipids and unpolar lipids. Sensory evaluation and GC-MS were used to study the flavor compounds of the heated three components and the assembled samples. The result showed that the characteristic flavor of egg yolk was produced by the polar lipids and nonfat components. Unpolar lipids in egg yolk has little contribution to the characteristic flavor. The interactional result between the Mallard reaction and the lipids oxidation was the main way that produced the characteristic flavor of egg yolk.

The effect of three variables (temperature, magnetic intensity, and exposure time) on the activity of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). This multivariate methodology offers an empirical approach to the study of enzyme assays and allows to detect the interaction between different variables of the system. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that a second order polynomial model (SOP) generated response surface and contour plots, and the model may predict the experimental data. Lack-of-fit tests did not result in a significant F-value. Determination coefficients (R2) were greater than 94%. The optimum treating parameters were obtained as: temperature, 15.5℃; magnetic intensity, 0.95T; time of magnetic field exposure, 64.5 minutes.

Objective: To screen phage particles capable of mimicking citrinin. Methods: An anti-citrinin monoclonal antibody was used as ligand. Biopanning was done to screen the mimotope from a phage random 7 peptide library and a phage random 12 peptide library. These libraries were displayed as a fusion protein with the coat protein Ⅲ of filamentous phage M13. The positive clones were identified by ELISA, and the inserted amino sequences were deduced by DNA sequencing.Results After three rounds of panning, 20 positive clones could bind to the antibody,and the binding could be blocked by free citrinin in the phage random 7 peptide library; After three rounds of panning, 33 positive clones could bind to the antibody,and the binding could be blocked by free citrinin in the phage random 12 peptide library. The common amino sequence of the mimicking epitope was XHKXXXX. A competitive ELISA immunoassay was established with clone P10 of the phage random 7 peptide library, the 1inear range of the inhibition curves was between 10ng/ml and 325ng/ml; the detecting limitation was 10ng/ml. A competitive ELISA immunoassay was established with clone P1 of the phage random 12 peptide library,the 1inear range of the inhibition curves was between 10ng/ml and 439ng/ml; the detecting limitation was 10ng/ml. Conclusion: The phage display technique could be successfully applied to screen the mimotope of citrinin. The conserved His and Lys indicate that it maybe play a key role in citrinin receptorb indingt o citrinin.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was extracted from crucian brain in different growing periods and compared with each other. The activity of AChE was determined by the colorimetric method of Ellman modified by Gorun(1978). Then the optimal conditions were obtained by orthogonal test. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of AChE to three kinds of organophosphorus pesticides was studied under the optimal conditions. The results indicated that the activity of AchE from crucian with the length of 12cm was the best. The optimal conditions by orthogonal test were in the following : the amount of enzyme was 40μl, the concentration of `substrate was 120mmol/L, pH was 7.5, temperature was 35℃ and the reaction time was 15min. The sensitivity of AChE from crucian brain to organophosphorus pesticides was: dicholves>phoxime>dimethoate.

One kind of chitosan-Zn complex was synthesized in this research, antimicrobial effect of the synthesized chitosan-Zn and the chitosan were tested under different pH condition, and the lowest antimicrobial concentration of the chitosan-Zn complex, sodium benzoate and sorbic acid potassium to Eschetichia coli(ATCC8099), Staphlococcus aureaus(ATCC6538), Bacillus subtilis(ATCC9372), Candida albicans(ATCC10231), Aspergillus niger(ATCC16404) were compared. The results showed that the antimicrobial effects of chitosan-Zn complex enhanced greatly and that were equivalent to sodium benzoate and sorbic acid potassium, but the antifungal effect of chitosan-Zn complex were some lower. Simultaneously systematic pH had tremendous influence to the antimicrobial effect of chitosan-Zn complex and chitosan, the antimicrobial effects were better under acidicc ondition.

Microcapsules containing mint oil were prepared with two kinds of starch octenylsuccinate HI-CAP100 and N-LOK. The interfacial properties and emulsifying stabilities of two wall materials have been determined. The results showed that HI-CAP100 not only reduced the interfacial tension but also formed high viscoelastic film by absorbing at oil/water interface. The emulsion formed by HI-CAP100 showed good emulsifying stability. Both the microencapsulation yield and efficiency of encapsulated mint oil with HI-CAP100 as wall material were high to 95%. Furthermore, the retention rate of encapsulated mint oil was 95.3% after stored at 30℃ for 6 months, which indicated that the encapsulated mint oil had perfect storage stability.

In the present work, the effect of milk protein hydrolysates on probiotic cell counts and its stability during two weeks storage was studied. Probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophillus was used as pure culture. Proteolytic enzyme, alcalase novo was used to hydrolyze casein. The effect of five casein hydrolysates, which have a degree of hydrolysis of 4.7%, 7.1%, 8.8%, 10.1%, 12.6% respectively, to the growth of L. acidophilus were investigated by adding them to milk at a concentration ranging from 0.5 to 4g/L. Addition of casein hydrolysates with different degrees of hydrolysis enhance the growth of probiotic bacteria L.acidophilus generally. With the increase in adding level the stability of L.acidophilus increased. However, the highest viability and best stability of L.acidophilus was observed when casein was hydrolyzed to the degree of 8.8% and added at the level of 2g/L. This result shows that the addition of casein hydrolysates has a positive effect on the probiotic cell count and microbiological stability of fermented milks containing probiotic bacteria when controlled wisely. The research work has an important theoretical and practical value by helping dairy industry meet international standards of probiotic products.

This paper mainly aimed at investigating effect of storage temperature on quality of frozen lamb in the cold chain. Total bacteria counts, acid value and water content were studied respectively, which were taken as testing indices to reflect the quality changing of frozen mutton at -15, -20, -25℃ as the development of storage time in the experiment. The results showed that: after 37 days at -15, -20℃, -25℃, compared with fresh frozen lamb, the TBC respectively increased by 218.2%, 81.8%, 36.4% and the acid value increased by 27.4%, 14.7%, 7.7% and the water content decreased by 6.5%, 5.4%, 2.5% respectively.

The effect of artemis sphaerocephala krasch gum (ASK gum) on the quality of frozen dough was determined, and was compared with that of locust bean gum. The resistance to extension, freezable water and microstructure were determined by extensograph, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of control dough and the dough with ASK gum and with locust bean gum after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks frozen storage. The results showed that: (1) Resistance to extension of all samples increased with storage time increasing, but extensibility decreased; when frozen storage time was same, the resistance to extension of the dough with ASK gum was biggest in three samples, the dough with locust bean gum got the second one, controlled dough had the smallest data; the other way round, extensibility of the dough with ASK gum had the smallest data, the dough with locust bean gum was next one; controlled dough got the biggest data. (2) The amount of freezable water increased with storage time increasing, however, the addition of two kinds of gums lowered the amount of freezable water in frozen dough; the amount of freezable water in frozen dough with locust bean gum is the least, and that of control dough is the most. (3) After a certain period of frozen storage, the damage of microstructure of frozen dough with ASK gum was less than that of control dough. And the effect of ASK gum was more effective than that of locust bean gum.

Rheological property of concentrated orange juice were studied at different temperatures and different concentrations by the rheometer AR500. By regression analysis, within the range of temperature and concentration studied. It is proved that concentrated orange juice was pseudoplastic fluid. The effect of temperature on viscosity could be described by an Arrhenius type equation. The effect of temperature on viscosity could be described by an Index type equation. And the equation used to describe combined effect of temperature and concentration on the viscosity of concentrated orange juice was established.

Wheat gluten (WG) is modified by tansglutaminase in this paper. The gelatin, emulsification, emulsion stability,foaming properties, foam stability of WG increased separately by 96.7%, 43.5%, 39.1%, 32.0% and 75.9% compared with that of control. Modified WG is added to low wheat gluten flour. Water absorption, stable time, development time, valorimeter value, resistance to extension 50mm and max of the low wheat gluten flour raised separately by 7.2%, 369.6%, 121.7%, 19.6%, 184. 3% and 150.6% compared with that of control;Softening dough and extensibility decreased separately by 63.6%% and 57.2% compared with that of control. There are cross-links of globulin, prolamine and glutenin of modificated WG, the cross-link of glutenin is most obvious.

Two draw liquid of Pleurotus Ostreatus and selenium-rich Pleurotus Ostreatus were obtained through microwave and hot water bath respectively. Comparing these four draw liquid’s effect on bacteriostasia, the results showed were obtained that they all have a better effect on B.megaterium, S.aureus, S.typhi, and have a certain effect on P.aeruginosa, but they have no evident effect on E.coli and B.brevis. In addition, microwave draw liquid has a better effect than hot water bath and selenium-rich Pleurotus Ostreatus is better than Pleurotus Ostreatus.

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Mopan) peel and persimmon pulp were extracted with distilled water and alcohol. Extracts of persimmon were test for antioxidant activity by DPPH method and ABTS method, and also composition of total phenol, β-carotene, VC were determined. The result showed that both persimmon peel and persimmon pulp have antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging capacity of alcohol extracts are higher than aqueous extracts. The contributions of phenolic compounds andβ-carotene to antioxidant activity were much greater than those of VC. There was a strong correlation (0.96～0.98) between total phenolics,β-carotene and antioxidant activity of persimmon. The content of VC has no direct correlation with antioxidant activity of persimmon.

According to sector standard of Ministry of Agriculture Beef Grading System, effect of marbling and physiological maturity on beef quality were studies. Results show that, marbling has significant effect on cooking loss(p<0.05), and has no effect on pH and shear force values. Cooking loss decreased with marbling increasing. Physiological maturity degree influenced pH, cooking loss and shear force values significantly at p<0.05, 0.05 and 0.1 respectively. Beef cooking loss and shear force values increased with chronological age increasing.

The effect of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Bifidobacterium 22-5 on the character of yoghourt was studied in this paper. The results showed that 100mg/L EPS affect the livability little when the bacteria was under cold storage and traveled the simulated enteron. Bisides, 12.0g/L EPS can effectively improve the viscosity and acidity, but descreased the pH value, without remarkable change of water-binding capacity.

In this studies, the gelling characteristics and effect factors of low methoxyl pectin (LMP) were researched with the X-T21 Texture Analyser. The results indicate that the gelling characteristics of LMP can be improved by increasing the concentration of pectin and pH, or decreasing the setting temperature. In several ions, the Cu2+ has the most ability to promote gelling, but the concentration of Cu2+ should be suitable, excessive Cu2+ would decrease the gelling characteristic of LMP. The sugar is not absolutely necessary component to LMP gel, but suitable concentration of sugar can improve the gelling characteristics to LMP. Heating and stirring can destroy the structure of LMP gel.

Effects of different storage temperatures on the quality of mulberry were studied at -18, -24 and -40℃. The results indicated that at -18℃ drip loss, vitamin C loss, anthocyanin and flavonoid loss, the degree of browning were higher than those at -24℃ and -40℃. Soluble polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity increased at the early stage and significantly went down late while soluble peroxidase (POD) activity dramatically decreased after one-month storage and almost inactivated after three-month storage.

The antibacterial activitiy of the lactoferrin is always influenced by other components which exit with it. In this paper, the effect of common preservatives on the antibacterial activities of the lactoferrin was studied. Escherichia coli was used as experimental strain. The results showed, the condition of the concentration of E.coli is 1×106CFU/ml and is cultured at 37℃ and pH6.0 in the peptone beef medium, that the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of the lactoferrin against Escherichia coli is 3mg/ml. Each one of sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, nisin and butyl paraben was respectively mixed with LF, and obvious effects on the antibacterial activites of lactoferrin was observed. The antibacterial activites of LF was weakened by sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate, and was enhanced by nisin and butyl paraben.

The effects of ascorbic acid, adding sodium carbonate and sodium chloride on color-protection of pumpkin noodle were studied. The results of hue determination showed that adding ascorbic acid could make the natural color of pumpkin noodle enhanced, and had the best effect on the color-protection under the conditions of lighting. Among the factors of the orthogonal test, light period showed the most significant on decoloration of pumpkin noodle. Adding ascorbic acid and sodium carbonate contributed certain effects on the decoloration when they were added together.

Effects of temperature fluctuation on the security of chilled rice during circulation at constant temperature were studied in this paper. Growth trend of total bacteria, changes of sensory quality, pH, and Aw of chilled rice stored at 4℃ after different temperature fluctuations were determined. And mathematical models were developed. Then an effectual method was offered, which could evaluate fleetly and availably shelf life and the security of chilled rice.

In recent years, CLA has attracted strong interest in food science and madicine because some of the isomers are believed to have several beneficial effects. Anticarcinogenesis, antiarteriosclerosis, inhibition of body fat accumulation, growth and immune stimulation were inclued. Strains mutation happened by using ultraviolet, DNS, NTG, and their complex for promoting CLA level. The new strains of 315UU, 98DD, 1616UU and 71UN were obtained, and the ability of CLA production increased 43.04%～59.56% than before.

This paper is a study on the survival rate of tea moulds in black tea, green tea and Oolong tea at various time points. The results showed that inhibiting effects on Escherichia coli vary remarkably for different kinds of tea. Escherichia coli survive for 36 hours in black tea, the shortest time, and the longest in Oolong, for 144 hours. A chasing inspection on tea after 24 hours being polluted by Escherichia coli in its -processing showed that black tea and green tea have a remarkable inhibiting effect on Escherichia coli. A discussion was carried out on the Escherichia coli inhibiting mechanism to tea. And new evidences and inspirations were promoted on the control of tea Escherichia-coli-pollution.

The experimental conditions in the microwave heating of soya milk beverages, a preliminary characteristics of microwave heating were studied, including heating time, temperature, bacteria and the relationship between them, and the effects of different microwave power on the total bacteria. At different temperatures on storage, on the process of storage of soya milk, the effect on the total bacteria between traditional hot water sterilization and microwave sterilization were compared, and measuring the total of sugars, proteins and Refractive of three samples. The results showed that 10ml soya milk the best conditions for microwave power 560W microwave heating, heating time for 22s and temperature reachs to 75℃; At low temperature storage, the total number of bacteria of microwave sterilization samples grew slower than traditional bath sterilization sample, the shelf life can be extended of soya milk drinks, microwave sterilization be in a better position to retain the nutritional content of soybean milk.

The activity of mango polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was determined by spectrophotometer at 420nm using catechol as substrate. The effects of the temperature, pH, substrate concentration and inhibitors on PPO were studied and the reaction kinetic equation was established. The results showed that the optimum temperature and pH were 50℃ and pH6.86, respectively. The reaction kinetic of enzymatic browning in this experiment built accorded with Michaelis Equation model. The Km, Vmax and kinetic Equation were 0.0173mol/L, 192U/g·min and v=192[S]/(0.0173+[S]) using catechol as substrate, respectively. The five inhibitors had different effects on inhibiting enzymatic browning and the inhibiting effect as follow: ascorbic acid>L-cysteine >sodium hydrogen sulfite>citric acid>acetic acid.

In this article, polyphenols in apple pomace were tested for their radical-scavenging by measuring their capacity to scavenge superoxide anion radicals generated by a pyrogallol autoxidation system, hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton reaction and nitrite. The result indicated that the inhibition percentage of polyphenols against O·2,· OH and NO2-reached-97.56%, 95.65% and 76.98% respectively. The polyphenols in apple pomace were good oxidant inhibitor with strong free-radical-scavenginga ction.

An analysis was conducted on the concentration variation of copper, zinc, iron and OH― in the fluid which was used to processing preserved eggs. The quality of end-product was also examined. The result indicated that Zn concentration is highest and hardly decreases along the processing procedure; Fe concentration is the lowest and decreases more than Fe concentration; Cu concentration is in the between of Zn and Fe but decreases more than both of them. The mixed method of iron and zinc as well as the mixed method of zinc and copper were as better as the method adding Cu salt, with a high quality end-product. The method adding Zn salt was not good enough and that adding Fe salt couldn’t succeed.

The paper describes the important effects of soaking time to soybean on utilize rate of protein and quality of Tofu. The soaking time of material soybean plays an important role in the texture and yield of Tofu. By scanning electron microscope, the morphological structure on cross section of material soybean with difference soaking time was observed. And make use of apparatus of physics property, the physics property of Tofu was measure. So we can improve the quality of Tofu by research on the right soaking time of soybean.

The transglutaminase (TG) was added in the grass carp surimi to improve the quality. The effect of transglutaminase quantity, handling time, handling temperature and pH on springiness, cohesiveness, resilience and white degrees was researched. The result showed that TG can improve the quality of grass carp surimi distinctly. The appropriate adding condition of TG confirmed by orthogonal test was transglutaminase adding quantity 0.6%, handling time 1.5h, temperature 45℃ and pH7.5.

Several important property parameters of the wheat gluten membrane were studied and tested by adding the cross-linking reagent CaCl2 while the optimum conditions were got by multiple scoring method. The experiment results showed that the optimum comprehensive score of the membrane is 120.99 when the concentration of CaCl2 is 0.67%. In these conditions, TS is increased by 13.4% and WVP is decreased by 7.3% so that the mechanical property of the membrane is improved evidently. The mechanicd property can be improved by cross-linking method, a new way to study and apply the wheat gluten membrane.

The author observed the structure of Monilinia.fruccicola treated with combined Chinese herbs. The observation on ultrastructure of its hyphal cells showed that No11 at concentration of MIC and MBC induced decrease of the number of mycelium, some of them break into small parts, and caused disruption of cell wall and inner material changed.

The activity of PPO of lichi hull and the control effect for different inhibitor were studied in this paper. The result showed that the fine substrate consistence was 0.04mol/L, the proper pH was 7.0, the optimum temperature was 40℃ for PPO of lichi hull;citric acid, ascorbic acid,hyposulphite display better inhibition effect on PPO activity. The optimum inhibition condition was 0.05mmol/L citric acid add 0.2mmol/L ascorbic acid add 0.02mmol/L hyposulphite, the PPO residual activity was 14.2%.

The crude cellulase of Trichoderma viride was obtained by liquid fermentation, and the C1 activity, Cx activity and β-glucanase activity were measured respectively. The results indicated that temperature, pH, substrate concentration and metallic ions affect the activity of C1 activity, Cx activity and β-glucanase activity differently.

A metabolic pathway model of γ-linolenic acid was constructed in this paper. On the basis of the model, metabolic flux distributions of γ-linolenic acid biosynthesis at different fermentation stages and the reasons of the changes were analyzed. The analysis showed that the key nodes of the metabolic control were G6P, PYR and AcCoA. The metabolic flux of γ-linolenic acid could be increased by adding NaAC which could adjust the AcCoA node.

The thermal diffusivity and the calefactive characteristic of Lianrong bread by steam heating were studied via establishing math model. The result indicated that the calefactive characteristics of bread crust, crumb and Lianrong stuffing were different, and heat transfer in bread crust was quicker than it in the crumb and Lianrong stuffing. The thermal diffusivity of Lianrong bread was 5.1×10-7m2/s, according the math model.

 Steam distillation which combined with solvent extraction method was adopted to separate the volatile constituents from the stems and leaves of Trigonella foenum-graecum under unfermented and fermented condition. The composition was isolated and determined by capillary GC-MS technique and compared with the NIST02 standard MS database by computer. The relative content of each component was calculated by area normalization method. The results showed that the components and contents of the volatile oils extracted with two different methods are differ from each other, and the producing rate improved obviously through yeast fermentation. By capillary chromatogram, 93 peaks were isolated and 65 of them were identified which accounted for 69.89% of the total contents under unfermented condition. Meanwhile, 134 peaks were isolated and 49 of them were identified which accounted for 36.57% of the total contents under fermented condition. There are 32 compounds in both of them, which is different from that in other existent documents.

The water extracts (PWE) and the alcohol extracts (PAE, use 70% ethanol) from Pleurospermum lindleyanum were examined for antibacterial activity on five kind of bacteria. It is shown that extracts of Pleurospermum lindleyanum had a notable inhibiting microorganism activity. The MIC for every kind of microorganism is respectively as follows: for PWE, Echerichia coli 5%, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis 3%, Bacillus thuringlensis, Bacillus Pumilus 1%; for PAE, Echerichia coli 3%, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus Pumilus 0.5%, Bacillus thuringlensis, 0.25%.

A mutant strain SHFU-13 was successfully obtained when the original strain Mortierella isabellina AS3.3410 was treated by UV and LiCl as mutating agent. The biomass was up to 21.66g/L, which was 8.84% higher than that of the original strain while the product of the total lipid was up to 12.65g/L, which was 36.61% higher than that in the original strain mycelium. Analysis by gas chromatograph indicated the content of GLA in the lipid was 6.39% while the product of it was up to 0.81g/L, which was 44.64% higher than that of the original strain. After passing on many times, there were no distinct changes on the production.

 Based on the optimization parameters of pullulanase, the method of pullulanase in conjunction with termostableα-amylase was used to produce RS. With the degree of polymerization (DP) changing during this process, the relationship between DP of corn starch and the yield of resistant starch was analysised. This study illustrated that increasing in amylose content and limited DPn of starch significantly affect the yield of RS. The curve of DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) and X-ray diffraction indicated that there was significant difference between the crystal of native starch and RS(resistant starch).

Aim: To detect the anti-oxidative effect of Anabaena Phycocyanin (APC) extracted from different media in vitro. Methods: Chemical colorimetry assay was used to test the anti-oxidative effect of APC in vitro including: ① The effect of totalanti-oxidation; ② The inhibiting effect on active superoxide anion (O·2 ); ③ The effect of eliminating hydroxyl radical (·OH); ④ The changes of MDA in liver of mice under the effect of APC. Results: APCs with different pour grades in some scope of concentrations all have the effects of the total anti-oxidation, the inhibiting active superoxide anion (O2·), the eliminating hydroxyl radical (·OH) and inhibiting the production of MDA in liver of mice, yet the effect was determined by dose of APC. Conclusion: APC has distinctively anti-oxidative effect in some scope of concentrations.

The antioxidant activities of polyphenols from grape seed was studied. IC50 of grape polyphenols on scavenging DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical were 1.96μg/ml, 7.50mg/ml, 1.91mg/ml respectively. It can also defer the oil oxidation about one day under the experiment conditions.

Natural starch was distilled through a wet method from Zhengzhou 9023 wheat powders, appearances, swelling properties and molecular weight distribution were studied. The results showed that natural starch from Zhengzhou 9023 wheat were composed of amylase, intermediate and amylopectin, structures of starch granules were presented circular or oval under the optical microscope, the starch grain can be observed to have the layer veins and hilum, and also the black birefringence disappeared gradually while the wheat starch were gelatinized under different temperature and time, and birefringence disappeared com-pletely when temperature was 80℃; granular size, swelling power and solubility of wheat starch in the paste all increased with the increase of heating time and temperature.

Sodium diacetate is synthesized by acetic acid and sodium hydroxide. Reaction velocities are obtained through determining the relation between sodium diacetate and reaction time under different raw material rate; Kinetic equation param-eters are gained by the production ratio to sodium diacetate and reaction balance constant under different reaction temperature. Data result deduced by kinetic equation can precisely verify experimental results.

Four different extraction methods of propolis were used in this experiment. The Propolis extracted by the four methods was diluted into 0.8%, 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.1%. The given five kinds of bacterial were Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp, Aspergillus sp. The antibacterial activity of propolis against the five given bacterial were investigated. The diameters of inhibiting zones and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) were measured in mm. The results showed that the extraction rate of 95% EtOH and ultrasonic wave was highest, the extraction rate is 27.3%; the bacteria could be inhibited by the liquid of propolis in varying degrees, the antibacterial activity liquid of propolis through 95% EtOH and ultrasonic wave was strongest. It was found that the inhibition effects on Escherichia coli was best and that on Aspergillus sp. was worst.

Four different extraction methods of propolis were used in this experiment. The Propolis extracted by the four methods was diluted into 0.8%, 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.1%. The given five kinds of bacterial were Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp, Aspergillus sp. The antibacterial activity of propolis against the five given bacterial were investigated. The diameters of inhibiting zones and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) were measured in mm. The results showed that the extraction rate of 95% EtOH and ultrasonic wave was highest, the extraction rate is 27.3%; the bacteria could be inhibited by the liquid of propolis in varying degrees, the antibacterial activity liquid of propolis through 95% EtOH and ultrasonic wave was strongest. It was found that the inhibition effects on Escherichia coli was best and that on Aspergillus sp. was worst.

Pyrola Rotundifolia L., Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils., Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc. etc 7 kinds of Chinese herbs were screened and to research inhibition of single and combined herbs against Monilinia fructicola in fruits. Methods: (1) Chinese herbs were extracted with hot water, inhibitory rates were determined by the growth rates of mycelium of Monilinia fructicola; (2) Determinating MIC and MBC of some high inhibitory rates of combined herbs by plate methods; (3) The observation on ultrastucture of its configuration of mycelium at MIC and MBC. Results: (1)Each medicine has bacteriostatic activities against Monilinia fructicola, combined Chinese herbs No11, No14, No21 showed the high inhibiting rates than others, with 89.77%, 85.50%, 85.02% respectively; (2)and MIC is 1.25, 2.5, 1.25mg/ml, MBC is 2.5, 5.0, 5.0mg/ml respectively.(3) No.11 combined Chinese herb at concertration of MIC and MBC induced decrease of mycelium, and some of it breaks into small parts and even melts.

A study of the antioxidant activity of four flavonoids and five hydroxyl compounds was carried out by DPPH method and pyrogallol method. The result showed the tested samples all had the antioxidant activity. The orders of the DPPH scavenging ability was quercetin>pyrogallol>rutin>catechin>catechol>ascorbic acid>morin>resorcinol>phenol.The effect of restraining pyrogallol autoxidation in turns was ascorbic acid>catechol>resorcinol>phenol>rutin>catechin >quercetin>morin. Therefore it was discovered that the activities of the adjacent hydroxyl groups in scavenging free radical were increased. And C ring with C2-C3 double bond could enhance its effect in scavenging free radical on condition that B ring had the adjacent hydroxyl. When the hydroxyl group at 3 position on the C ring was glycosylated, it could weaken other hydroxyl groups.

The solubility parameters and soluble pressure of ligustilide (the most important constituent of Angelica sinensis oil) in supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction was estimated theoretically from the point of molecular structure. This showed that extracting ligustilide from Angelica sinensis by SC-CO2 is feasible, and the extracting temperature 40℃ is better than 50℃. The solubility of Angelica sinensis oil in SC-CO2 was determined by the apparatus with a binary phase equilibrium measurement on high-pressure. The results verify the above estimation. The results also showed that the solubility of ligustilide gets better by cooperating with other components of Angelica sinensis.

Microporous starch granules were prepared by the partial hydrolysis of native corn starch with α-amylase and HCl. By observing the DSC pictures of microporous starch granules modified by α-amylase and HCl, pores in the native corn starch granules hydrolyzed by α-amylase appeared much better than those modified by HCl alone. The temperature of phase transition and surface structure of microporous starch granules were also studied with the aid of DSC, SEM and DMA analysis.

Study instantaneous high pressure (IHP) was used to modify the physical properties of lotus leaf dietary fibre, and the effect of different dry methods on reformed fibre adsorptive properties, including unsaturated fat, saturated fat, cholesterin. The results showed that instantaneous high pressure (pressure 120MPa) can effectively modify the physical properties of lotus leaf dietary fibre, and spray dry method is a economic and effective dry method to protect physical properties of reformed dietaryf ibre.

In the paper, processability of different proteins was investigated and the water retentiveness, emulsifiability and thermal stability of soybean separation protein, animal protein, lactalbumin, casein, and glutenin were compared. The results showed that the water retentiveness of soybean separation protein was the best, followed by casein, and pH value, metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Na+, etc. had some effects on the water retentiveness, with effects differed greatly among these factors; the emulsifiability of soybean separation protein was the best, followed by casein, lactalbumin and animal protein, and main factor affecting the emulsifiability was polyvalent ions; the thermal stabilities of casein and protein were good, while that of soybean separation protein was less desirable.

With batch culture, the effect of temperature, light intensity and pH offer on the growth rate and maximual cell density of Isochrysis galbana Parks were studied in the work by gradient experiments. Nutrients including N3+, P5+, Fe3+, NaCl and the manner of CO2 were also studied by orthogonal or contrastive test. The results showed that light intensity 3220lux, temperature 24℃ are the optimum culture condition for Isochrysis galbana Parks. It liked growing in the alkaline environment, pH8.0. Concentrations of other nutrient factors were optimized by orthogonal test: N3+ 0.04039g/L, P5+ 0.0044g/L, Fe3+ 3.90mg/L and NaCl 20.476 g/L. Cultured with this optimal medium, the cell growth speed, TTC and biomass productivity increased significantly. The biomass was 1.432 times as much as before. The harvest yield (dry weight) was 0.6613g/L with the aeration rate 10min/ 3 time /day under the best cultural condition. The ultimate biomass reached the most, was 1.815 times as before especially.

To obtain the main peanut allergen Ara h2, defatted process, centrifugation, anion-exchange chromatography and membrane dialysis were used during the purification with the crude ground peanut as material. The results showed that the purity of the Ara h2 was more than 90 percent, and the recovery accounts 21.9% of total Ara h2 with the anion-exchange chromatography, which can provide reference for the purification of allergen Ara h2.

In this paper, xylose was prepared from coconut shell by normal pressure acid hydrolysis processes. The effects of pretreatment time, acid concentration, reaction time and granularity on xylose yield were investigated by means of orthogonal test. It was indicated that the xylose yield could reach up to 16% with purity of 99% under optimal conditions of 0.2mol/L HCl and at 100℃ for 6h. Acid concentration and reaction time had significant effect on xylose yield, whereas pretreatment time and granularity had little effect on xylose yield.

Agaricus blazei Murrill fruit polysaccharides was extracted by microwave technology after supercritical CO2 fluid extracting. The optimum conditions of microwave extraction were determined through orthogonal test and analysis. Microwave power was 600W, microwave time was 6min, qulid to liquid was 1:10, material size was 0.147mm, extraction rate of polysaccharide was 14.2%.

Flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata Thunb leaves were prepared according to a L9(34) orthogonal test plan. The relationship between extracting conditions and yield of flavonoids extracted from Houttuynia cordata Thunb was investigated. Result: the processing conditions affected the yield, and that the effect of each condition decreased in the following order: extracting time, with power of extraction, extracting ethanol concentration and in proportion of extracting solvents.

GBE as experimental material, with the advance extraction technology to decrease the influence of impurity on the latter supercritical carbon dioxide extracting and crystallizing andrographolide, in order to improve the quality of andrographolide and work efficiency was studied. The model of extraction ratio about the ratio of liquid to solid material, extraction temperature and extraction time with response surface methodology(RSM) was established. The results showed that the relative error of actual value to predicted value is 3.18%.

Salbutamol is actived by succinic anhydride and converted into salbutamol-succinate as the hapten. The results of IR, 1H-NMR and MS indicated that the hapten was synthesized successfully and identified as an inner salt. Salbutamol-succinate was linked to carrier protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) as immunogen, and ovalbumin(OVA) as coating antigen by mixed anhydride method and NHS ester method respectively. Antigens SAL-BSA and SAL-OVA were prepared successfully and confirmed by ultraviolet spectrum. The conjugation ratio of SAL-BSA and SAL-OVA were 12.8:1, 23:1, respectively.

In this paper, linseed meal was processed by extrusion, microwave heating, autoclaving, microbe fermentation, water boiling and solvent extracting. The hydrogen cyanide (HCN) content in linseed meal was measured by alkaline titration. The effectiveness and mechanism of reducing the cyanogenetic glycoside of linseed meal were analyzed comparatively through different processing methods. The result showed that extrusion and microwave heating removed the cyanide in linseed meal effectively. The hydrogen cyanide content reduced respectively by 92.79% and 89.64% .It was propitious to exploit linseed meal for functional food.

The effect of pretreatment of raw materials and the components of substrate on production of citric acid from aged long-grain non-glutinous rice by Aspergillus niger in solid-state fermentation was investigated. Furthermore components of substrate were optimized by the orthogonal test. The optimized pretreatment’s method of raw materials was that a particle size of ground rice was 0.5mm, the 100g ground rice of adding 60ml water was steamed for 20min at 121℃ and 40ml water was supplemented into substrate and the pH of substrate was no adjustive. The optimum components of fermentative substrate are addition 8.5g bran husk, 0.5g CaCO3 and 0.9g NH4NO3 into 100g ground rice. Under these optimized conditions, the yield of citric acid was 188g/kg DM at 25℃ for 84h.

In previous study, it was found that Ochrobacterum intermedium DN2 is a kind of bacteria which can utilize nicotine as its sole carbon source. In this work, the production and purification of nicotine-degradation enzyme in O.intermedium DN2 was investigated. The production of nicotine-degradation enzyme was synchronous with cell growth. The enzyme was purified by successive steps of ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A50. The enzyme was purified 35.24 folds and was taken back 6.4% of its activity. The purified nicotine-degradation enzyme showed homogeneity on the SDS-PAGE. The molecule weight of this enzyme was determined as being 40.06kDa by SDS-PAGE. This is the first report on the production and purification of the nicotine-degradation enzyme in O. intermedium DN2.

Peppery element is a kind of high-quality natural red pigment. It can be extracted from dry red peppers. Peppery element has applications in the fields of medicine food, light industry and so on. We studied the elimination of peppery element and extraction of peppery pigment from the dry pepper. Effect about extraction rate of peppery pigment and technical conditions of eliminating peppery element were approached. The results showed: When 15% NaOH solution extracts for 1. 5h at 90℃,peppery element will be eliminated; By the orthogonal test, the best extraction conditions are found: ① The extraction time is 3h, the extraction temperature is 30℃, the acetone volume is 25ml for 1g hot red pepper, and the extraction times is 3. ②The technology of peppery element extraction was studied by the way of using yield as an index. The amount of the solvent (per 10.0g paprika red pigment) was 120ml, the extraction time was 1 hour. Compared with traditional extraction method, the mix preparation method could improve the extraction yield and save extraction time of paprika red. The best extraction is 3.67%.

An indirect competitive enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibody was established for measuring clenbuterol in urine or food. The effect factors of ELISA was optimized by experiment. The kit was showed good sensitivity with the IC50 of 0.6ng/ml. The kit generally had not more than 0.3% cross-reactivity towards adrenergic agonists. The recoveries of clenbuterol spike in pig urine were 90%～104%. The inter-assay coefficient variation was below 6%. The intra-assay coefficient variation was below 10%.The kit also showed fine precision and accuracy of assay in 12 months shelf life.

To improve the purification and function of oat β-glucan such different ways as the way of Sevag, using trypsinase, precipitating protein at pH4.5, using trypsinase before precipitating protein at pH4.5 and the way of Sevag together with trypsinase were used. The results showed the Ratio of removing protein didn’t change any longer after using the way of Sevag six times if experiment was added, time of experiment decreased by the way of Sevag together with trypsinase, ratio of removing protein using trypsinase was not high, the operation was simple and cost of experiment was low when protein was precipitated at pH4.5, and after using trypsinase result of removing protein at pH4.5 was the best among them. Ratio of removing protein was 95.8%, which ratio of keeping polysaccharide was 90.6%.

In this work the black kerneled rice was used as raw maternal to extract melanin. The influence of the extraction agent kind, extraction agent concentration, temperature, pH and extraction time on the melanin extraction efficiency were investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions in extraction were that the melanin was extracted with 70% alcohol (pH2) at 70℃ for 90min each step. The raw product was refined in re-settlement. The yield rate of the refined product was1.4%. The ultraviolet spectrum of the melanin indicates that the wave length of the maximum absorption is 220nm. It is proposed that the melanin in black kerneled rice might be consisted of enmelanin and pheomelanin with reference to the infrared spectra.

IR spectrum, SEM as well as the function parameter of chitin were used as the main methods to analyze the changes of the shrimp shell tissue and the difference in structure, function parameter of chitin, which made from three different parts of shrimp shell. The results presented that: The preparation process of chitin, chitosan used in this experiment is reasonable; The structure of three group samples of chitin and chitosan made from the shrimp shell of shrimp head, shrimp body, shrimp foot and the things contained in shrimp head are mostly consistent, but their DD and molecular weight are quite different; In three groups of samples, the molecular weights of chitin and chitosan made from the shell of shrimp head is the largest, and the DD of chitin and chitosan made from shrimp foot and the things contained in shrimp head is higher than others.

As one kind of oxidases, catalases can be found in almost all animals, plants and microorganisms. Catalases can catalyse the decomposition of the cellular hydrogen-peroxide and thus protect membrane lipid against peroxidation. A catalase from pig blood has been purified by the use of sephadex G-100 and PEG-6000 chromatography. It has biggest activity at pH7.4, and 20～ 40℃. There were different effection for different metal ions.

Pectinase from Aspergillus niger was immobilized with gelatin and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The immobilization conditions and partial properties of immobilized enzyme were investigated. The results showed that pectinase activity could retain up to 45.85 % when prepared with 15% gelatin, 5% glutaraldehyde and four milligramme pectinase for one gramme gelatin. The optimum pH and optimum temperature of immobilized pectinase for the hydrolysis of pectin were determined to be pH3.4 and 55℃, respectively. And the apparent Michaelis constant of immobilized pectinase Kmapp equaled to 3.48mg/ml. The stability of immobilized enzyme to pH and temperature was much greater than of the natural enzyme. The recovery activity of the immobilized pectinase was more than 47.06% after repeated 7 times.

Ultrasonic extraction-GC of hexachlorobenzene in plant food was studied in this paper. Results showed that the degradation rate of hexachlorobenzene in different treatments of ultrasonic extraction was very low. The best ultrasonic extraction conditions were as follows: power 20W, temperature 35℃, time 60min and the mixture of petroleum ether and acetone (1:1) as solvent. Under the best ultrasonic extraction conditions, the average recovery of hexachlorobenzene in samples was 90.80%, CV 2.23% and the detection limits 0.0001μg /g.

The fatty acids of the Hovenia acerba seed were extracted using the supercritical CO2 extraction technique. Also GC and GC-MS was used to detect the quality of the seed oil. The optimized supercritical CO2 extraction conditions are as follows: an extraction pressure of 36MPa, an extraction temperature of 45℃, an extraction time of 120min, a separatorⅠpressure of 10MPa. with a crude fat yield of 8.1% and a linolenic acid content of 37.90%. The GC-MS analysis showed that the dominant fatty acids in the oil are α-Linolenic, oleic acid, linoleic ,palmitic acid, stearic acid, etc. The content of PUFA in the product is 74.76%.

The supersonic-assisted extracting technology of glycyrrhizic acid from liquorice was researched. Combined artificial neural network(ANN) with traditional orthogonal design, a new method of test data analyzing, processing and optimizing was put forward. With this method the test information can be fully used, the change regularity of each factor can be analyzed and the optimum combination can be found. By using this new method, the optimum extraction condition was obtained as follows: ethanol concentration 40%, supersonic time 50min, extracting temperature 20℃, extracting time 20min, supersonic frequency 13kHz and ratio of solid-liquid 1:10. Optimizing extraction technology by ANN, the experimental information could be dig out completely. Applying this preferable extracting technology, the costs of production was reduced, the energy consuming was decreased, and the glycyrrhizic acid content was increased. The results showed that this new method was reasonable and practicable.

Grifola frondosus is an edible and medicinal mushroom with rich polysaccharides ,amino acids and mineral elements. It is a new effective way to supply zinc to human body that Grifola frondosus is used to transfer inorganic zinc to organic zinc what can be easily absorbed by human body. The rare earth element lanthanide has effect of promoting on the growth of Grifola frondosus. For studying the ability of Grifola frondosus to accumulate zinc when cultured in liquid with the rare earth element lanthanide, authors designed a orthogonal test schemes which contained 4 factors and 4 levels. The factors and levels were as follows: La(NO3)3 concentration was 50, 100, 150, 200(mg/L culture medium); potato/glucose 150/18, 200/24, 250/30, 300/36 (g/g, 1L culture medium); bran 20, 25, 30, 35(g/L); ZnSO·47H2O concentration 100, 600, 1300, 2000(mg/L culture medium). The authors have used four criteria to analyze the experiments results and have obtained the optimum culture conditions for zinc amount in dry biomass, organic zinc yield and the zinc translation rate in order to guide technology design. With organic zinc yield in 25ml culture medium as criterion, the 1L optimal culture medium consists of ZnSO·47H2O 2000mg, bran 35g, La(NO3)3 50mg, potato 300g, glucose 36g. The organic zinc yield in 25ml culture medium is 1.472mg/25ml, that is 58.88mg/L culture medium.

Magnetic immobilized enzymes are widely employed in magnetically stabilized fluidized bed reactor. The magnetic immoblized cellulases were prepared by immobilized cellulases on magnetic chitosan microspheres using the physical adsorp-tion method, and their magnetic responsiveness was investigated. The results demonstrated the optimum conditions of prepar-ing immobilized cellulase were: pH5.0, buffer solution concentration of 0.05mol/L, the amount of cellulase used of 150mg, immobilization time of 10h. And the activities of the magnetic immobilized cellulase and free cellulase exposed to the external magnetic field were measured. It was indicated that the activities of free cellulase increased with the increasing of magnetic field intensity when the intensity was less than 500mT and the exposure time was less than 60min, however, out of this range, a sharp decrease on the activities was detected. And the change of the activities of magnetic immobilized cellulases showed the same trend as that of free cellulases.

To study extracting soluble rice bran nutrient (SRBN) from defatted rice bran, alpha amylase and protease were used to hydrolyze starch and protein, respectively. The results showed that papain and alpha amylase were the optimal enzyme. The optimum condition of enzyme hydrolysis was determined by one factor experiments of enzyme dosage and hydrolysis time, i.e. alpha amylase dosage 10U/g, hydrolysis time 30min; papain dosage 5%([E]/[S]), hydrolysis time 120min. SRBN was prepared by microencapsulation. Through orthogonal test, the optimal conditions of microencapsulation were determined, i.e. the amount of gum yanthan was 25%, the concentration of emulsion was 1%, the proportion of rice bran oil to wall materials was 0.3.

Soyabean phospholipids with high content of phosphatidylethanolamine were fractionated with ethanol, and optimal conditions have been determined to improve phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) enrichment. The effects of extraction time, solvent volume, ethanol concentration and temperature on the yield and PE enrichment have been described. At the condition of extraction time is 8min, phospholipids/solvent volume is 30g/L, and 100% ethanol, using calculated optimal parameters in the fractionation process led to PE enrichment from 19.8% to 62.8%.

To study a new extraction method of mistletoe flavonoids by ultrasonic technology. Orthogonal test was used to evaluate the influence of the 3 factors, including the concentration of ethanol, the extracting time by ultrasonic, and the rate of solid and liquid. The results showed that the optimum extraction is as follows: adding 80% ethanol into mistletoe, extracting 30min; the rate of solid and liquid 1:40.

Taking the soybean oil dreg as the raw material, using the method of esterification reaction and supercritical CO2 extracting, we carry through the research of extraction of natural VE. The craft of esterification reaction and supercritical CO2 extraction has been optimized through the orthogonal experimental technique and we have obtained the best craft condition.

With the single-factor experiment and the orthogonal design, various extracting conditions for total paeony glycoside (TPG) were observed. The results showed that the optimum extracting conditions of ethanol under reflux was 70% ethanol with 10 times of solvent to extract twice, once for 30min, and the extraction rate of TPG was 4.68%; the best technique of supersonic wave extraction was 70% ethanol with 14 times of solvent to extract twice, once for 30min, the extraction rate of TPG was 4.47%. Also, the purification of TPG by macro adsorption resin was investigated. The results showed that nonpolar resin ATD-21 and D101 were good sorbents of TPG. The optimum conditions of ATD-21 included that the concentration of sample was 2. 1～4.2mg/ml with flow rate of 1.0～3.0ml/min, the quantity of sample was 52.5mg/g resin and 30% ethanol 60ml was used as eluant. With the optimum technological process, the collection ratio of TPG was 82.9% and the purity reached 74.1%.

This paper studies the optimum formulation of the preserving solution used for the liquid storage of fresh kiwi fruit slices at normal temperature and the key technology conditions of desalinization, coloring and saccharification of the processed preserved fruits with the fresh kiwi fruit slices as the raw material. The results show that if the preserving solution consisting of 10% sodium chloride, 0.07% calcium chloride, 0.1% sucrose ester and 0.12% potassium sorbate is adopted to soak fresh kiwi fruit slices, the storage effect will be good and the storage period can reach 6～12 months. If carry out the desalinization after fresh kiwi fruit slices have been soaked in the uncontaminated water with a water material ration 2:1 for 3 hours, then color with 0.2% zinc chloride and boil out to the final point after saccharify for 5h, both the plumpness and taste are good.

A kind of method was established on extraction and mensuration method of tannin in rapeseed shell in this paper. Our previous work has indicated that extraction for tannin in rapeseed shell was strongly affected by many internal and external factors. By single-factor experiment, we found four critical internal factors: temperature, pH, ratio of material to water and time. In the second phase of the optimization process, a response surface methodology(RSM) was used to optimize the above critical internal factors, and to find out the optimal concentration levels and the relationships between these factors. Based on the results of the single-factor, a three-level four-factor(temperature, pH, ratio of materiel and water and time) CCD design was employed. By solving the quadratic regression model equation using appropriate statistic methods, the optimal concentrations for obtain 9. 15mg/g extraction for tannin was calculated as: pH3.00, 20g/ml ratio of materiel and water, 65.48℃ and 67.11minutes. The experimental data under various conditions have validated the theoretical values.

The objective of this research is to improve solubility of rice protein. According to the reaction curve of enzymolysis, alcalase is the best enzyme among the selected enzymes, such as neutrase, protamex, flavourzyme, pepsin, papain etc. With the orthogonal test to optimize the reaction condition, the solubility of alcalase enzymatic hydrolysate was up to 43.12%. When the rice protein was hydrolyzed by alcalase and then by protamex, the solubility was up to 71.46%. The effect of combination of alcalase and other enzymes was worse. When the rice protein was hydrolyzed by protamex and then by alcalase, the solubility was only 54.73%. All these showed that different enzymes had different hydrdysis properties to rice protein.

The solvent extraction technology of flavonoids in Semen Plantaginis was optimized by orthogonal experiments. The experimental results showed that the order of different factors affecting extraction rate was content of ethanol, extraction temperature, extraction time, rate of solid/liquid. The optimal experimental parameters were 60% ethanol content, 90℃ extrac-tion temperature, 1:30 rate of solid/liquid, 2h extraction time, three times. Inv itro antioxidative activity of the extract was evaluated by two systems, viz. DPPH radical scavenging activity and pyrogallol autooxidation methods. The results indicated that flavonoids in Semen Plantaginis have strong antioxidative activity in vitro.

A methamidophos derivative was synthesized by combining O,S-dimethylthiophosphoryl chloride with β-alanine. The productions were identified through TLC and 1HNMR.The derivative was conjugated to bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin by the active ester method and the mixed anhydride method, respectively. The productions were named MZB and MGO, and were identified through ultraviolet spectrum (UV). A spectrophotometric method using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) was performed to estimate hapten to carrier protein ratio. The results came to 16:1 and 9:1 for MZB and MGO respectively. Balb/C mice were immunized with MZB and competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicates the existence of specific antibodies in the antisera. The titer of antisera is 51:200. This had further verified the success of synthesis. This study lays the groundwork for further research of immunoassay to methamidophos.

The experiment is successfully obtained a new processing procedure of effervescent tablet by using technology combined non-water granulating process with effervescent technology. The main factors that influence tablet hardness and disintegration time are wetting agent ethanol, agglutinating agent polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) and tablet pressure. Reducing auxiliary ethanol, increasing auxiliary PVP and tablet pressure will result higher tablet hardness and longer disintegration time. Proved by F test and t test, the relationship between tablet hardness and disintegration time shows good linearity, and the regression equation is y=10.482x+135.68. Taking all factors into consideration, the formula for optimal tablet hardness and disintegration time is auxiliary ethanol 120mg, auxiliary PVP180mg and tablet pressure 4.9×103kgf.

The culture medium for Dunaliella salina Teodoresce from 4 kinds of Dunaliella salina culture medium was selected,with biomass and TTC as determining parameters, the concentration of N, P, Fe and NaCl in this medium was optimized by orthogonal and single factor test. The results showed that the biomass of Dunaliella salina increased by 1.2 times, providing raw material for its activity substance.

In this paper, Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB) was cultured in the medium with Se. The inorganic state trace element Se was changed into the organic state trace element through bio-transformation. The effect of different conditions on enrichment of trace element Se by LB was assessed with the orthogonal design of L9(34). The results showed that Na2SeO3 concentration in the medium was the main influence factor; the culture temperature, the culture time and the inoculation volume were the secondary influence factors. The optimal enriching conditions of Se by LB were as follows: Na2SeO3 concentration, 90μg/ml; the culture temperature, 37℃; the culture time, 60h; and the inoculation volume, 8%. The amount of organic form of Se was above 80%.

The production of lipids in this paper was studied in the fungus Mortierella isabellina As3.2793. Two growth variables were systematically manipulated. The effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources and their concentritions on mycelium growth and accumulation of lipid yield in shaker flask culture was studied. We came out conclusion that glucose derived from maize starch hydrolysate was the sole carbon source in culture medium at concentration of 100g/L, and yeast extract paste was most effective for fermentation consisting of 3g/L. The dry biomass under optimum conditions was 12.350g/L, and consisted of 52.19% lipid. The lipid per liter culture was 6.4376g. It is remained to optimize other ingredients in culture medium to enhance lipidy ield.

The oil is extracted with suitable solvent from the oil treated with homogenizer. After removing the solvent by reduced pressure distillation, the oil is obtained finally. The availability of this method is evaluated by detecting the contents, the acid value and the peroxide value of the oil.

The study focused on the Candida utilis which was the producers’ goods of the health food . In the sdudy the optimal culture medium of the strain ZGT-44 obtained were developed. As a result the medium established through a single factor synthesis and orthogonal test.

The method of extracting pectin from the Red okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.) was studied by salting-out agent in the paper. The experiment was applied by orthogonal design L16(45). The result showed that the optimum conditions were: 12grams of alum, pH2, 60min, 85℃, 500ml for water. The extracting output was 5.375g. Red okra is a resources having high pectin content.

 The test is a research on the extraction of distilling essential oil from leaves by comparing efficiency of extraction by three reagents. Those are ether, ethyl acetate and ether from Petroleum. By this test, to evergreen Magnolia leaves and to camphor tree leaves, the better reagent is ether from petroleum; to laurel leaves, the better reagent is ether.

Walnut lipid was withdrawn by supercritical fluid extraction and delipided walnut protein then enzymolysised Protamex plus Flavourzyme. The optimal enzymolysis conditions were evaluated as following: hydrolysis temperature at 55℃, pH value in 5.5, hydrolysis duration for 4h, concentration of delipided walnut at 20%, ratio of enzyme and enzymolysised walnut in 0.3%. The 60.3% of enzymolysised walnut protein was yielded in the hydrolysis rate in 15.3%. Enzymolysised walnut protein was used as wall material to produce Tibet Yak Butter Tea with walnut flavor .

In present study, the genomic DNA from the Microbe in the contaminative food was extracted directly. Firstly, the contaminative food was washed using PBS. After centrifugation, the superior liquid was extracted in extraction buffer whichcontaining SDS. The results showed that extracted genomic DNA was about 23kb. Using primers P1 and P2, the 180bp fragment of 16SrDNA gene could be amplificated. Then, the PCR productions were cloned into T-vector. A positive clone was sequenced, which was similar to the sequence of the KVD-1921-15 stain from Bacteria.

Tendering technology is key of improving quality of lamb. Through studying the effect of ultrasonic on tenderness of lamb, the results show that lamb treated with 3.0W/cm2 ultrasonic is tendered well. The effect on tendering lamb will be improved when lamb treated with ultrasonic is kept at 10±2℃ for 8h.

The amount of soy milk, sterilizing temperature, addition of additive, drainage of whey affected the product yield by the research on the technology of soy cheese. The result demonstrated that to improve the cheese’s yield and quality, the parameters would be matched. The amount of soy milk 10%, sterilizing conditions 72℃, 15s, pH 6.0, the addition of milk-clotting enzyme 4g/L and CaCl2 0.3‰, respectively, hot contract temperature 42℃, piled brew pH 5.30.

The results of studying on improving flavour of roast leg of sheep show that 0.5% β-CD, 0.5% ginger, 0.5% cumium, 1.0% scanlion and 0.4% dried tangerine peel were the optimum formulation of de-odoring materials. The optimum amount of other condiments is 1.5% salt, 1.0% monosodium glutamate(MSG), 0.5% Chinese peper, 1.0% peper and nutmeg.

The best condition for extract flavones in holly leaf was determined by orthogonal test. The UV spectrophotometer was used to determine the content of flavones of extraction, DPPH assay method was used to determine the antioxidant activities of extraction. The best condition for extracting flavones in holly leaf was: extraction 18h with 70% concentration of ethanol, and reflux 4h in total, extraction production rate was 1.13%, the best antioxidant properties was 97.74%, and the content of flavones was directly proportional to the antioxidant activities.

Eucalyptus oil is natural plant oil that implies various composition. It is easy to be volatilization. And with the food, the drugs raw material not easy admixture even.The mcroporous starch adsorbs and wraps to cover up the technique making the liquid eucalyptus oil into solid powder in this study. Its’ oil content was high. The preparation technique is simple, the release is slow. It is applicable additive for solid food and drugs

The fermentation culture medium of lactase-producing yeast Kluyveromyces lactis was optimized by orthogonal design and single-factor experiments. The optimal culture medium for fermentation of lactase-producing yeast Kluyveromyces lactis was shown as follows (%, W/V): lactose 8, glucose 0.5, yeast extract 0.7, urea 0.15, KH2PO4 1.5, MgSO4 0.1, MnCl2 0.01. The conditions of fermentation were also investigated in the trail and the average productivity of lactase was 1.930 ONPG unitsp erm illiliter.

The extraction and purification of the rape polysaccharides were studied .The factors that affected the extracting rates were reviewed by experiments of mono-factors. Then, adopting the orthogonal test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained. The ratio of liquid to raw material, extraction time, extraction temperature and extraction times were 40, 2h, 100℃ and 2, respectively. The size-exclusion column chromatography was used to purify crude polysaccharides and determine their molecular weights .The results showed the rape polysaccharides were composed of two pure polysaccharides, which molecular weights were 63.51kD and 49.58kD, respectively.

Chitin and chitosan have been prepared by the methods of EDTA and HCl with the shell of shrimp and Squilla Oratoria as raw materials. The structure and the properties of chitin and chitosan were studied by IR spectrometer and chemical analyzing. The results showed that the shell of Squilla Oratoria is an excellent raw materials for made chitin and chitosan, especially for made chitin and chitosan with high relative molecular mass.

The paper adopted the theory of solubization and acid precipitation to extract the separate protein from oats material. And the paper studied the factors of solid/liquid, solubization dosage, time and temperature. The conclusion showed that the best extraction condition is that: the ratio of solid/liquid is 1:25, the solution pH10, the extraction time 45min, and the temperature 40℃. And the separate protein’s spray drying condition is that: the in-temperature 90℃, the off-temperature 57℃, and the water-soluble oats protein content can reach 34%.

Polysaccharide of pumpkin’s stems and leaves was extracted with water and ethanol, and study the condition of decoloring process. With the single-factor and orthogonal test, the optimal condition included as following:temperature 60℃, time 60min, quantity of joined hydrogen peroxide double of raw material and pH10. Polysaccharide of different part or period were determined with anthraquinone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method. The result showed that the polysaccharide of pumpkin’s leafstalk in July was most, and the content is 21.00%. Secondly polysaccharide of Pumpkin’s stem is 15.70%. The polysac-charide of pumpkin’s leaf was least,and the content was 8.30%. So June and July are the optimal period for picking Pumpkin’s cirrus without regard to other factors. The results can provide a theoretical basis for a reasonable harvest of pumpkin’s stem andl eaves.

In this dissertation, we studied anion and cation exchange and to purification of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniariu. The polysaccharide structural and some physicochemical characters of this fraction were researched. Based on experimental results and general consideration, it was suitable to adopt using anion and cation exchange resin in series once. After that, 94.96% protein of crude polysaccharides could be removed, the recovery rate of polysaccharide was 77.77%. Higher molecular weight (HHM) and lower molecular weight(HLM) were gained by gel chromatograph. The optical rotation degree of Phellinus Igniariu polysaccharides [α]D25=+64.8°, [α]D25=+58.4°. Finally we study the structural of polysaccharides through IR, the results showed that the main polysaccharide chain was β-pyran-polysaccharide. Besides the monose of HLM through TLC analysis are glucose and galactose. The monose of HHM through TLC analysis are glucose.

Main factors influencing the extraction of chlerogenic acid from the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides were studied by single factor experiments, and then the response surface analysis was used to optimize conditions for the extraction of chlorogenle acid. Optimized conditions for the extraction of chlorogenle acid was obtained as: ethanol concentration 52%; extraction temperature 78℃; material to solvent 1:13, extraction time 2h, and extraction for twice. The extraction ratio of chlorogenic acid and the yield of extract were 2.38%, 18.38%, respectively, and the purity of chlorogenic acid was 12.97% in the optimized conditions.

In this study, the SPI was desalted through nanofiltration membrance. Some important indexes, such as membrance working press, membrance flux, electric conductivity, mineral ash, etc. were compared. The results indicated that the effect of desalting was good under the 0.6MPa operating press, because membrance flux could keep normal and salt with hold rate was correspondingly reduced under 0.6MPa condition. In the four devised means of desalting, the effect of methods 3 and 4 were better than 1 and 2.

To study influence of temperature, pressure, time, co-solvent solution on extraction rate of recovery, fatty oil was extracted from Chicory seed by the supercritical CO2 extraction. The optimal approach has been identified with the extraction temperature 45℃, the pressure 35MPa, the isolated pressure I 7.0MPa, the isolated temperature I 45℃, the isolated pressure Ⅱ 6MPa, the isolated temperature Ⅱ 40℃ and extraction time 3 hours. Compared to the traditional solvent extraction approach, the time was shorter and result in avoiding degradation of unsaturated fatty acid. So, the better qualified product was obtained. According to GC-MS analysis, the main components of Chicory fatty acid is lauric acid, cardamom acid, plamitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, γ-linolenic acid and sinapic acid. γ-linolenic acid takes 38% and 3.41% which shows significant difference in isolated I and isolated Ⅱ fatty acid respectively. It has been suggested that supercritical CO2 extraction approach is qualified for extraction, isolation, and collection of γ-linolenic acid.

Titin was purified from the skeletal muscle of sea bream (Sparus latus) by means of extraction at low temperature and gel-filtration column on Sephacryl S-400. Dot-blot analysis revealed that purified titin positively reacted with mouse anti-chicken titin monoclonal antibody. Titin in myofibril or in purified state can be degraded by a myofibril-bound serine proteinase (MBSP) at the optimum temperature of 55℃.

To establish a method for determining removal rate of pesticide residues on vegetable and fruit by detergents, vegetables were contaminated by pesticides through spraying, then extracted by acetonitrile, enrichmented by spe, determined by GC-MS. This method can be used to evaluate the removel effects of household detergents on pesticide residues.

The study of microwave sterilization of emulsifical honey was made in this paper. With the analysis of infection on different microwave bactericidal temperature and imposing time, a second order response surface model was setup and the optimum technology which was calculated by model was: bactericidal temperature 63℃, imposing time 60s. Under these conditions, the bacterial count was 82CFU/g, the reducing sugar and amylase value were kept up well. Compared with prevenient sample, the texture was no significant changes.

Strain ND2 with the highest activity of the enzyme was screened from the sale natto, and was characterized as Bacillus subtilis sp. by physiologic and biochemical characteristics and analysis of 16SrRNA sequences. The optimal condition for natto kinase (NK)-fermenting was determined as follow: soybean as nitrogen source, fecula as carbon source, carbon-nitrogen ratio 3:1, 37℃, and pH6.0. The NK gene (825bp) was amplified from strain ND2 through PCR reaction. And SDS PAGE analysis revealed that using the pET32a(+) as expression vector and BL21(DE3) as host strain and cultivating at 37℃ with 1‰ IPTG, recombinant NK protein was highly expressed.

The characteristics of hot-air drying of fresh fish slices from tilapia at different temperatures(40～60℃) were investigated. At the same time, the contents of main components were assayed in this paper. Results showed that an increase in temperature results in an increase in drying rate.The total time of drying of fish slices needed to reach moisture equilibrium on higher temperature is at least 9 hours less than on lower temperatures. It also found that the drying rate changes significantly with differences in thickness of fish slices.

Phycoerythrin was isolated and purified from Bangia fusco-purpurea. After the successive procedures of ammonium sulfate fraction precipitation, ion-exchange column chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography, the purity (A565/A280) was 5.0. Absorption spectrum characteristic of the purified PE showed that it is R-PE. Relative molecular weight of subunits consisting of R-PE was detected by SDS-PAGE followed by silver staining. The stability of R-PE was investigated under a broad range of pH, different temperatures and light exposure.

In the thesis, optimizing technics of extracting yellow pigment from Citrus reticulata peel was carried on by single factor experiment and L9(33) quadrature enhancing experiment with ultrasonic aiding extracting experiment. The result showed that the extracting temperature was the main factor which effected the ultrasonic wave extracting efficiency of Citrus reticulata peel pigment, ultrasonic power was the secondly factors, then was the extracting time. The best technics of extracting pigment with ultrasonic wave craft was as follows: extracting solvent 70% ethanol, extracting temperature 50℃, ultrasonic power 450W, extracting time 25min, and ultrasonic craft was superior to the routine technique.

 Applying simultaneous distillation and solvent extraction (SDE), essential oil of Shatian pomelo peel is extracted by continuous distillation and distillation at different time intervals. It approved that the extract yield in continuous distillation was less than that of the sum in distillation at four time intervals (2.05%). The oils were analyzed by GC-MS and percentages were obtained by normalized peak areas, where main components are nootkatone, D-limonene, osthole, cis-linaloloxide, furfural, and trans-linaloloxide. What is important, relative amount of nootkatone of the oil extracted at 4th peroid is amounted to 49.90%, while relative amount of nootkatone of the oil extracted by continuous distillation of 10h is amounted to 49.90%. This result implied that to get the pomelo peel oil rich in nootkatone by SDE, longer distillation times were better.

 The extraction technology of total soybean saponins in soybean was studied with ethanol as extractor. The best conditions were chosen through L9(34) orthogonal test by spectrophotometry based on oleanolic acid as standard substance. The results showed the first factor affecting extractor productivity was volume percentage of ethonal. The second and the third ones were temperature and rotio of feed liqued respectively. The best extraction conditions were to use 75% ethanols extractor withthe ratio of feed liqued of 1:30 at the temperature of 80℃ for 5h. The extraction productivity was 1.05%.

Spray drying and microencapsulation technologies were used for processing ready to drink tibet yak butter and tea powder with walnut flavor. The lipid was withdrawn from walnut residue by dioxide carbon supercritical extraction. Enzymolysised delipided walnut protein and dextrine were then used as wall materials, tibet butter was used as core material to make a microencapsulated powder. The optimal spray drying processing conditions were evaluated as following: the inlet temperature at 190℃, outlet temperature at 90℃, feed-in inlet flow-rate in 25ml/min, airflow pressure in 0.10MPa, homoge-neous pressure in 40MPa and the ratio of walnut protein and dextrine used at 1:3. The microencapsulated tibet butter and tea powder with walnut flavor had been shown a higher nutritional value, longer shelve life and commercial potentials.

 Effect of enzymic-soak and microwave-hot air drying on rehydration time of instant rice were studied. The result is that rehydration time of instant rice is 8min when alkaline proteinase is 6000U/500g rice, enzymolysis time is 60min, percentage of rice and water is 1:2, microwave heating time is 60s, hot air drying temperature is 80℃ and drying time is 30min.

 We get the optimum technology of fermentation on the target of transform rate of starch and protein in konjac powder around fermentation is that at 35℃, we culture it on table (130r/min) for 36h.Molecular of peptide is about 10000D that is determined by SDS-PAGE gel-electrophoresis. We get oligo-peptides of branch chain amino acids from the peptides by two process enzymatic hydrolysis. The oligo-peptides can be separated by gelatin and analyzed by automatic analytical balance. The conclusion is: The content of branch chain amino acids in oligo-peptides is 27.52%, having reached the most favorable condition (25%～65%).

Since the result of alcohol damaging protein structure while producing soy protein concentrate (SPC) with low cost and high protein, the proposal of this research was intent to improve functionalities of alcohol leaching soy protein concentrate by enzymes. Based on emulsifibility, the single factors which were concentrate of enzymes and substrate, duration and temperature were tested first. Then orthogonal design was done in the premium range. The results are listed as follows: the optimum concentrate of papain is 3%, concentration of substrate is 8%, duration is 2h and temperature is 50℃. Emulsifying ability is 3.8 times as before modified. Emulsion stability is 3.9 times as before modified.

The carrot is widely planted in most provinces of China. It’s being known for its high content of β-carotene, vitamins, minerals in carrot. The micro-encapsulation technique was used for producing a powder of ready to drink of carrot by enzymaticpreparation. Liquid Pectinex Ultra SP-L and Pectinex SMASH XXL were used for hydrolysis of carrot juice to improve the yield of juice. The amount of Pectinex Ultra SP-L and Pectinex SMASH XXL for optimal enzymatic preparation is 0.09ml/kg and 0.18ml/kg carrot juice, respectively. The optimal hydrolysis period and temperature were 2h and 50℃. The yield of carrot juice was increased by 82.8% using enzymatic preparation. A powder of ready to drink of carrot juice was prepared by adding 15% of corn oil, 3% of emulsifiers, 3% of sodium caseinate and 40% of maltodextrin into enzymatic prepared carrot juice using micro-encapsulation and spray drying techniques. A more extended usage of powder of carrot was achieved, it could be ready to drink or used as an ingredient for producing formulated food.

In this paper, the effect of kefir grains increase with different incubations and nutrimental resource was studied. The result showed that, when inoculated ratio of kefir grains was 5%, incubation temperature of 25℃, multiplication was lowed with rinsing or kefir grains preserved at 4℃, doubled mass grains produced with agitation. The grains increase was little with single carbon resource, even restrained with compound carbon resource in a sense. Factors influencing grains increase — enrichment with L-methionine 0.002%, tryptose 0.5% and yeast extract 0.5%, and with MnSO·4H2O 0.001%, MgSO·47H2O 0.002% and K2HPO·43H2O 0.001%. Fermented characteristic and flora proportion of kefir grains were no changes after increasing.

Enzyme extraction of plant oil was a new oil processing method. In the case of oil extraction process, two advantages were offered by this treatment: higher yields of oil and higher quality of the oil. In this thesis the raw material was grape seed and then the grape seed was hydrolyzed by cellulase and neutral protease respectively. From the experiment we got the optimum conditions of extraction oil by cellulase and the optimum technology parameters were: temperature: 45℃, time: 1.5h, pH: 4.5, concentration: 3000U per gram grape seed, the extraction rate was 84.1% ; The optimum conditions of extraction oil by neutral protease and the optimum technology parameters were: temperature: 55℃, time: 2.0h, concentration: 2000U per gram grape seed, the extraction rate was 80.3%. Compared with the cellulase hydrolysis, the neutral protease hydrolysis was suitably used to extract oil from grape seed because its cost was lower than cellulase hydrolysis.

Single factor test and orthogonal test were performed to extract polysaccharides from extract cactus juice, and the polysaccharides extracted were prepared to polysaccharides capsules. The experimental results showed that 5 times concen-trated cactus juice, a mixture of ethanol-cactus juice(1:3)and temperature of -18℃ were optimal for highest yield. The method of preparing polysaccharides capsules were as follows: 6 %～8 % HPMC were dissolved into 60% ethanol as coating fluid, coating at 35～40℃, filling the capsules after drying for 2h.

 Objective: optimizing technics of extracting polysaccharide by general method from Porphyra haitanensis. Method: L16(44) quadrature enhancing experiment. Result: the concentration of alcohol was the main factor which effected the extracting rate of Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharide, extracting time was the secondly factors, then was the extracting temperature and ratio of material with liquid. Conclusion: the prime technics was as follows: concentration of alcohol 60%, time 1.5h, temperature 80℃ and the ratio of material with liquid 1:50.

 The conditions of ultrasonic leaching flavones from edible cactus by response surface analysis and the antioxidative effect of cactus flavones crude extracts was compared in vitro. The results showed that the optimal ultrasonic leaching conditions were 73.8% ethanol, ratio of solid to liquid 1:10, extracting time 18.8min. cactus flavones extract had strong activity of scavenging hydroxyl free radical of Fenton reation and DPPH·, whose IC50 values were 4.62mg/L and 7.92mg/L respectively. Its scavenging hydroxyl free radical activity stronger than rutin, thiourea, VC, and its scavenging DPPH· activity weaker than VC while stronger than rutin.

Effects of proportion of pig lean meat and fat on gel strength, water holding capacity, color, and sensory quality of surimi-based food were studied. Gel strength and water holding capacity of the frozen product can be improved by adding lean meat. The fishy smell of the product was lessened and the fragrance was strengthened by adding pig fat. The optimum proportion of lean meat and fat added is 30% and 6%, respectively.

In order to find the best way to improve the chicken meatball’s sensory quality, springiness and rigidity, and fill in the blank of the market, we have carried on researches on some key factors of the ingredient such as salt, phosphate, starch, soybean protein, baking soda, water, etc. In the following text, we’ll illuminate it.

Adding ethyl maltol processing technology of yoghurt fermentation was studied, according to investigation and detection on the norm, including quantity of lactic acid bacteria, total acidity, sense quality. The result shows: adding with ethyl maltol had effect on the growthle and prducing acid of lactic acid bacteria.

The objective of this study is to purify μ-Calpain from cattle spleen by applying a variety of biological methods and different procedures. Fresh yellow cattle spleen (within 30min postmortem) was sampled and treated with procedures such as homogenization, ionic exchange, hydrophobic chromatography, molecular sieve exclusion etc. In the last step, the specific activity of resultant μ-Calpain was 38.4U/mg. Meanwhile, the total activity and specific activity of μ-Calpain and other parameters related at different major purification procedures were detected and verified by way of SDS-PAGE and casein zymography.

In this paper the factors that influence the lactases productio n are investigated. These factors are optimum initial pH, media components, and culture ways. The optimum conditions for producing lactases were obtained, i.e. initial pH5.0, L-MRS culture medium.

The chemical constituents of essential oil of Nanguoli pear with ultrasonic extracting was analyzed with GC-MS method. The relative component percentage of each component was determined by area normalization method. The result showedthe yield of essential oil of Nanguoli pear with ultrasonic extracting was better than CK and increased when it prolong the time of ultrasonic. The sort of the chemical component of essential oil of Nanguoli pear with ultrasonic extracting was more than CK. The same of the main component were Butylated hydroxytoluene, Alpha-farnesene.

 Study on the supercritical CO2 technology was used to extract flavonids from Eucommia ulmoides leaves, the effects of pressure, temperature, dosage of chemical preparation and time on extractabilities of flavone were studied. we have found the best craft-extractin, moreover, and the technical of microcapsulization was used to eliminate the bitterness of flavone. As a result, the best craft conditions are: extraction temperature 45℃, extraction pressure 30.0MPa, extraction time 2.5h, dosage of chemical preparation 3.5ml/g, and the extraction rate is 73.26%.

Acid-soluble and pepsin-soluble collagens (ASC and PSC) were extracted from the skin of grass carp and partially characterized. The yields of ASC and PSC on dry basis from grass carp were 8.0 % and 18.6% respectively. The UV spectra of ASC and PSC from grass carp showed that the distinct absorption was obtained near 223 nm; SDS-PAGE showed that the collagens were composed of two distinct alpha chains, which is similar to the porcine type I collagen. The denaturation temperature of ASC and PSC from grass carp was 33.8℃ and 34.5℃ respectively lower about 3℃ than that of the porcine skin collagen (37℃). These results suggest that grass carp skin has potential application in the functional food, healthcare, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

 The extraction technology of the total content of flavonoids from chinese dates was researched by adsorpti-ophoto metry with Al(NO3)3. The content of flavonoids from different habitats in the north of shaanxi province was determined under the chosen conditions according to orthographic tests. Whose results indicated that: ①The extraction rate by supersonic> traditional Soxhletextraction>alkali extraction and acid precipitation. ②Supersonic extraction conditions are to use 60% alcohol as solvent whose rate is 30:1 at 70℃ for 30 minutes. The extraction rate only twice can attain the best efficiency. ③The difference of content of flavonoids from different habtaits is obvious, and range from 297.2～764.6mg/100g dehydration dates.

Fruit frozen on the impact of sugar permeability studies. The results showed that the freezing process significantly for sugar permeability than the traditional role and identified the optimum: -15℃, 30% of the initial concentration of sugar, sugar permeability in an eight-hour refined sugar permeability and maintain good sense and the best traits.

Using the method to divide the whole yoghourt drying process into some parts, the operation parameters under maximal sublimation rate were studied in this paper. To aim at the sublimation rate reaching to maximum, the calculation models for maximal sample thickness and sublimation time in frozen layer temperature Ti were derived from the sublimation rate formula for pure ice on the assumption that the frozen layer temperature Ti rise from terminal frozen temperature Tf to melting temperature To in concentrated yoghourt freeze-drying process. The calculation models for shelf temperature Tis at Ti were derived from massand heat balance principles. Taking Tis according with drying time as shelf temperature to control freeze-drying process the water content of products reached to 0.3%～0.5% when forecast time were prolonged 10% which was 21.5, 10.2 and 5.2h respectively while terminal frozen temperature Tf was at -30, -28 and -26℃ and thickness was 19, 13 and 8mm respectively. The products accord with freeze-drying food standard.

Four strains(QS29, NN22, QQ06, QQ05) of di-mon mating of Lentinula edodes were Zinc-enriched in the medium with Zn2+ content ranged from 0.05 to 0.3mg/ml. The optimization of cultivation conditions of the strain NN22 was selected, and primodium test of the Zinc-enriched strain NN22 was carried out in Zn2+ of PDY. The results showed that the highest Zn2+ content of the strain NN22 was obtained within 20 days at 25℃ and initial pH7.0 in 0.1mg/ml Zn2+ of PDY. Under the optimized cultivation conditions, Zn2+ content and polysaccharide content of the strain NN22 reached 9.26mg/g and 5.19mg/g, respectively. The phase of primodium formed of the Zinc-enriched strain NN22 was 19 days in 0.1mg/ml Zn2+ of PDY, which was reduced 6 days compared to the original strain.

The research on preparation of nano dietary fiber by Microfluidizer homogenizer, and characteristics of T nano dietary fiber, such as surface areas, expansion ratio, water-retaining capability. The results show that the optimal homogenization pressure is 90MPa; surface area is 1.8189m2/g, and it is twice higher than normal fiber; and expansion ratio is 15.3265g/g, water-retaining capability is 21.5017g/g, both of them were three times higher than normal fiber.

High performance liquid chromatography( HPLC)-UV detection-electrospray ionization(ESI) mass spectrometry was used to determine qualitatively and quantitatively the phenolic compounds of Dangshan pear and its juice. Phenolic compounds were saperated in 70min, the main groups of phenolic compounds found according to retention times, spectral data and literature references, mass spectrometry in tandem mode with negative ion detection, using full scan, multi reaction monitor and neutral loss model. The major compounds in Dangshan pear were found to be chlorogenic acid, its concentrate was about 180mg/L in fresh fruit, others was found to contain arbutin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, caffeoylquinic acid, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-3-xyloside,q uercetin-3-rhamnoside,q uercetina nd soo n.

A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method has been developed for the determination of six bioactive flavonoids that are commonly found in health foods: hesperidin, hyperin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin and rutin. The effects of several parameters, such as pH, buffer concentration, separation voltage and UV detector wavelength, were investigated to find the optimal conditions. Using a H3BO3-Na2B4O7 buffer (pH 9.2), the analytes can be separated within 8 min. The relative standard deviations of migration times in eight injections were between 0.77% and 0.93%, and those of the peak areas ranged from 3.8% to 8.6%. A high reproducibility and excellent linearity was observed over two orders of magnitude, with detection limits (S/N = 3) ranging from 0.34μg ml to 2.9μg ml for all the six analytes. Recoveries ranged from 80.4 % to 113.9 %. The new method is simple, reproducible and sensitive. No solid phase extraction for sample pretreatment is necessary. Analysis results are accurate in application to bee pollens.

The lipids of were extracted by using methanol and chloroform to make egg yolk solution from one phase to two phases. Lipids were methylated and determined by GC equipped with 100m×0.25mm capillary column. The results of GC indicated that the concentration of fatty acids C16:0, C18:0, C18:1-11c, C18:2-9c,12c and C20:3 n-3 were highest. Compared with fresh eggs, no distinct change on the kinds of fatty acids, but there were two saturated fatty acids C11:0 and C15:0. The contents of unsaturated fatty acids were gradually less, were 67.07%, 66.72%, 64.68% respectively. The more steps in processing, the unsaturated fatty acids in yolk destroyed were higher. GC analysis indicated that there are healthy unsaturated fatty acids in yolk such as DHA and EPA.

A novel spectrophotometric method for the determination of tryptophan in protein hydrolysates has been proposed. In the sensitive and simple method, the p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride was oxided to diazotized products with the reaction of NaNO2 in H2SO4 medium. Then a pink color was developed for the product on coupling to trptophan that was stable for at least 1h. The absorption maximum is observed at 522nm and the apparent molar absorptivity is 0.89×104L/mol·cm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the range of 0.30～12μg/ml. Other materials in protein hydrolysates are free of interference on the determination of trptophan.

A soybean glycoprotein was isolated and purificated from soybean by using DEAE-Cellulose 52 IEC(Ion-exchange Chromatography) and Sephadex G-200 SEC(Size-exchange Chromatography). The soybean glycoprotein was analysed by SDS-PAGE for its purity and molecular mass.The content of the soybean glycoprotein is 30.55% and the molecular mass is 61000.β-elimination reaction indicated the linkage type of the soybean glycoprotein is O-glycosidic linkage and IR Spectra is α-glycosidel inkage.

The aim of this study was to explore the content of fatty acids (FA) in wild freshwater fish in the Poyang Lake. The muscles of fish were collected to extract lipids using methanol and chloroform. Lipids were methylated with the base-catalyzed transesterification method and analyzed by GC. The results demonstrated that the content of PUFA varied with the kinds of fishes from 18.65% to 3.07%. The DHA content was 10.72% in yellow cartfish, the EPA content was 4.61% in scad. The ratio of n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA was significantly different, from 1:0.7 to 1:2.5. The contents of C22:4 n-6 and C22:5 n-3(DPA)had a significant difference in fish of different subject. The content of CLA, C20:4 n-6, C22:2 n-6, C22:4 n-6, C22:5 n-3, C22:6 n-3(DPA) and C22:6 n-3(DHA) had a significant difference in fish of different life habitual. The results indicated also that the PUFA of fish muscles had relations with the life habit of fish such as the height of water and feeding habit in the Poyang Lake.

The electrochemical behavior of polyoxometalate modified electrode is studied by cyclic voltammetry. The results show that :optimal conditions are obtained and the mechanism of catalytic oxidization is inferred. 4×10-8 ～1×10-4mol/Lof the linear range, 1.5×10-8 of the detection limit and 96.9%～102.1% of recovery for ascorbic acid are obtained in the optimal conditions. The proposed method is simplicity, rapidity, sensitivity, and high selectivity, and offer great practical interest for the periodic control of ascorbic acid in fruits and vegetables.

Applying TLC to analyze monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides was stuided. A mixed solution composed of ethylacetate, pyridine, alcohol and water in a ratio of VC4H8O2:VC5H 5N:VC2H6O:VH2O = 8:1:1:2 by volume is used as extending system. A solution containing aniline and diphenylamine dissolved in acetone is used as coloration system. Satisfactory separation is acquired as shown by the thin layer chromatogram. Qualitative results can be obtained in accordance with the Rf value of the standard spots. Distinct figures indicating the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides obtained by the modified TLC.The extending system and coloration system can be used in monosaccharide composition analysis.

In this study, a pair of specificity primers designed basis on the Salmonella’s inv A genome sequence, then ,the tests of the specificity and sensitivity of Salmonella and the optimal conditions of PCR (optimal anneal temperature, optimal concentration of templates, etc.) had been discussed . The results showed that the specificity of this method to detect Salmonella is 100% and the limit of detection is 1.43CFU/l0g/ sample, the best anneal temperature of the PCR test is 65℃, the best template concentration is between 104～108copies/ml. The result of the experiments demonstrated that the PCR assay is a rapid, simple, economic and more specific, sensitive to traditional culture for the detection of Salmonella in the food samples, and available for screening of Salmonella in a large number of food samples.

A GPC-HPLC method for the determination of Para Red and Sudan Red Dyes in capsicum and capsicum products was described. Para Red and Sudan Red Dyes was extracted from samples with cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (1:1, V/V). The extract was cleaned up with gel permeation Chromatography. The analysis was performed on a Diamond column (250mm×4.6mm i.d.5μm) with acetonitrile-water (95:5, V/V) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min, detection at 500 nm by UV. The calibration curves present good linear relationship in the range of 0.01～10μg/ml, and the correlation coefficients were above 0.9998 for all compounds. Recoveries of all dyes added were 90%～102%respectively. Detection limit of the method for Para Red and Sudan Red Dyes was 0.01mg/kg.

Monascus aurantiaaeus(As3.4384) and its mutant strains (CSM-11) were inoculated into rice, and were carried static solid-state fermentation for 14 d at 30℃. A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of citrinin in solid-state fermentation rice. The results showed that the chromatographic separations were carried on a Symmetry C18 column by using acetonitrile-H2O (77:23, V/V, pH3.0) as mobile phases. Fluorophotomeric detection was set at λex=331nm, λem=500nm. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 0.01～12.5μg/ml for citrinin in samples, and the correlation coefficients were 0.999, the limitation of detection (LOD) was 0.001μg/ml. The contents of citrinin for fermentation rice by As3.4384 and CSM-11 were 151.40, 0.218mg/kg respectively.

In this paper, it studied the application of AmberliteXAD-2 to absorb and elute the free and glycosidically bound volatile flavor compounds from Glorious Oranges, and the effect to detect the volatile flavor compounds of two fused-silica capillary columns of different polarity was also described. The results by using GC-MS indicated that the effect of HP-5 was well than DB-WAX. The number of the free and glycosidically bound volatile flavor compounds was 43 and 31 respectively, and the compounds mainly were D-Limonene, Benzyl Alcohol, 3-Hexen-1-ol, (Z)-, 3-Carene and 2-Hexenal, (E)-et.al. In addition, there were ten compounds hydrolyzed by β-glucosidase that just exited as glycosides, such as propyl butyrate, Hexyl butanoate, .alpha.-Pinenea nd3 -Oxo-.alpha.-ionol etc.

A rapid determination of total momordicoside by ultrasonic extraction from bitter melon (Momordica charantia) was reported in this paper.In the operation of ultrasonic extraction,only 0.1g of sample and 2ml of 80% ethanol were used.Only 30min was necessary for the extraction.As compared with the conventional Soxhlet’s method,the ultrasonic extraction method required shorter extraction time, less solvent reagent and no heating. The determination efficiency of the ultrasonic method was 10 times higher than the Soxhlet,s method.There was no significant difference between the analytical results obtained by those two methods.

In this paper, Sophora viciifolia seed oil was extrcted with ether. Hydrolyzed and esterified with potassium hydroxide and methanol.Afrter esterification the oil was determined by means of GC-MS More than50 peaks were separated and twenty-six components representing 97.50% of the oil were identified. The main fatty acid, Palmitic acid, Linoleic acid, Oleic acid, Stearic acid relative contents were respectively 13.741%, 68.859%, 9.047% and 4.148%. Four kinds of unsaturated fatty acid relative content is total 77.96%, seventeen kinds of saturated fatty acid relative content is total 20.40%. There are no reported about oddnumber carbonatomy acid and five kinds of phytosterol.

The chloramphenicol in chichen was assayed with the method of solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chichen sample was extracted by ethylacetate and cleaned by ENVI-18 SPE column. Then the sample was separated by the C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol and water(35:65, V/V), at the rate of 1ml/min and detected at 278nm. The RSD of this method is less than 5%, and the detection limit was 0.005μg/g.The everage recoveries was 82.4%.

Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was applied as an effective method in Nassarius species identification. A comparison was made among protein extracts from sarcoplasmic, myofibrillar, SDS-soluble, and urea-soluble fractions, respectively. Identification of twoN assarius species, Nassariusr utilansa nd Nassarius siquinjorensis, could be primarily achieved by judging the protein patterns, including the number of bands, mobility and relative concentration on SDS-PAGEs stained with Coomassie brilliant blue R-250.

High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection was applied for separation and characterization of carotenoids from Owari. The carotenoid pigments were extracted using hexane/acetone/ethanol and saponi-fied using 10% methanolic potassium hydroxide. Two different columns were compared to determine carotenoids, more than 18 carotenoid pigments were separated with YMC C30 column.

Based on the two initial media, LST from FDA and A3 from GB, three types grams positive bacteria inhibitors were added to detect the Coliform bacteria in the food. The result indicated the media with the three grams positive bacteria inhibitors were bad for the detection of Coliform bacteria. Secondly, 7 types of grams positive bacteria were added into the A3 media with E.coli. During the 210 mixed fermentation piles, 92.42% were the same as the comparison fermentation piles, while the false positive ratio and false negative ratio were 2.84%, 4.74%, respectively. The data and the T test analysis showed the influence of grams positive bacteria on Coliform bacteria detection was weak. Thirdly, 4 types of grams positive bacteria caused false positive results were added into the A3 media. It was evident that the grams positive bacteria in the 120 simple fermentation piles didn’t lead to positive results. The results of grams staining illustrated the dominant bacteria in the fermentation liquor of A3 media were grams negative. A3 was a kind of initial fermentation media which was good for Coliform bacteria detection and bad for the growth of grams positive bacteria. Consequently, One-step fermentation was a good method which could detect the Coliform bacteria accurately.

A method to determine toxic As in health products and their raw materials by silvern compound method was studied in this paper. The results showed that content of As in partly health products and their raw materials exceeds the standard of GB16740-1997. The recovery rate is between 90% and 106%.

Trace elements in body (except tail) and tail of different subspecies of Eremias multiocellata were determined with the atomic absorption spetrophotometry. The results showed that the contents of element K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn are abundant, the harzness element contents of Pb is low. Only the E.m.yarkandenis implied Cd and contents of Cd are very low. Eremias multiocellata does not contain Co, Ni. The relations between these beneficial elements and its medical mechanism were discussed. It had provided scientific evidence for the further studies and application of Eremias multiocellata.

The content variation of aroma in wine treated by high voltage pulse electric field was measured by GC-MS. The results showed that the relative contents of fusel oil were decreased; the relative contents of total ester, total acid and phenylethyl alcohol increased after PEF treatment. Compared with fresh wine, the treated wine was high in remarkable aging aroma, enjoyable flavour and the treated wine’s style became more full-bodied.

The ultrasonic method was used to extract falconoid of peanut vines and the total flavonoids were determined by spectrophotometry, the recovery is 95%～106% and the coefficient of variatron is 1.7%. The following regression proved the linearity of the calibration curve: y=0.0118x+0.0106, R2=0.9991. It was found that the content of total flavonoid in peanut vines reaches 2.51%, hence its comprehensive utilization would be very profitable.

In this paper, in order to analyze the volatile compositions of popular liquid milk product in market of food consume at present, we heated the liquid milk product in medical liquid transfer bottle by using constant temperature bath, and have done chromatographic analysis to top gas. The volatile compositions were speparated perfectly in 5% PEG-20M chromatographic column by using temperature programming, and qualitative test was performed by referencing standard substance. The results showed that the volatile compositions in liquid milk product contained mostly aldehyde, alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, ethyl formate, acetic ether, isobutyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, n-butyl acetate. Those substances have a little differences in different liquid milk products.

An HPLC method was developed to determine bright blue in bitter gourd beer. After being extracted with polyamide resin, bright blue could be adsorbed on Kromasil C18 column, and eluted gradiently by using acetonitrile -0.02mol/L ammonium acetate as the mobile phase at flow rate 1.0ml/min, and be detected at 627nm. The recovery of sample is in the range of 89.6%～ 97.6%, RSD(n=6) is 3.25%. This method is proved to be simple, rapid and accurate .

Using HITACHI L-8800 auto amino acid analyzer instrument and SHIMADZU LC-6A high performance liquid chromatography to determine the content of amino acid and fatty acid in five fractions of Bufo, and all the results was deal with SPSS12.5. The results showed that the contents of amino acid in Bufo liver and skin have significant difference (p<0.05); the contents of amino acid in Bufo liver, egg and skin have very significant difference (p<0.01) as well as the contents of amino acid in bufo bone, egg, meat and skin, the contents of amino acid in Bufo egg and meat; the contents of fatty acid between Bufo liver and egg, between Bufo bone and egg, between Bufo bone and skin, between Bufo egg and skin, between Bufo egg and meat have very very significant difference (p<0.01); but the contents of fatty acid between Bufo bone and liver, between Bufo meat and liver, between Bufo skin and liver, between Bufo meat and bone, between Bufo meat and skin have no significant difference(p> 0.05). It showed that the Bufo egg is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and monousaturated fatty acid(PUFA).

In this paper the Ca and Mg in salt were detected by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The results showed that Beer’s law is kept in the range of 0.0～20.0μg/ml of Ca(Ⅱ) and 0.0～2.4μg/ml of Mg(Ⅱ).The relative standard deviation (RSD) is 2.0%～2.2%. The relative error is 2.3%～4.4%.

In order to keep them under control and utilize them scientifically, their basic nutrition element and nitrate content of 8 wild vegetables (invasive plants)were determined, which are Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet, Malvastrum coromandelia-num (L.) Gurke, Aster subulatus Michx., Mirabilis jalapa L., Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl, Phyllaothus urinarla L. and Calonyction aculeatum (L.) House. The results indicated that : they were nourishing wild vegetables and 7 of them can be eaten safely. So they have great potentialities of exploitation.

In this study, the TEMPO/TVC(Total viable count)method, a new automated enumeration based on MPN method, was compared to the plate count method by testing a variety of food products. The results of the two methods were compared for 190 samples. Good correlation was showed between the new method and the reference methods, the measure uncertainties of the two methods is also familiar, while TEMPO/TVC automated method is simpler, less time-consuming, more effective and more stable.

A specific method was developed to determine the casein phosphopeptides(CPPs) in calcium tablets. The method was proved to be simple, specific and precise. The detection limit is 1μg/ml. Within the concentration range of 1～100μg/ml, the linear equation is y = 3074.6x + 684.6, R2=0.999. The recovery ranges from 96% to 104%. Thus, this method can be applied to the determination of CPP in calcium-enhancing agents.

A comparative study on the amino acid and fatty acid in the meat of Sinonovacula constricta was conducted among different populations in zhejiang sea areas. The results showed that all the populations contain essential amino acids, unsaturated fat ty acids.The variety of amino acid in differenr populations is accordant. All the populations contain many delicious amino acids(50%).The constitutes and contents of fatty acid did not have the same diversification in different populations.The content of SUFA of Fenghua farmed populations are higher than others; The content of PUFA of Changjie farmed populations are higher than others; The content of EPA and DHA of Yueqing farmed populations are higher than others; While the content of sub-oleic acid and linolenic acid of Changjie wild populations are higher than others.

A fluorescence method was established by using the 20-3 oil, Dagang oil and chrysence as the standard oil for the determination of petroleum hydrocarbons in aquatic products. The analytical precision was perfect, RSD was 2.2%, the recovery ≥84.4%. The detectable limits were 0.20, 0.25, 0.30μg/g respectively, the linear range was 0 ～ 50μg/g. Calculated to Chrysence Equal, the results from different standard oils were comparable.

Color reaction of Cr(Ⅵ)with diphenylcarbohydrazide (DCP) was studied . In aicd medium, Cr(Ⅵ) reacts with DCP to form an purple complex. The apparent molar absorptivity for Cr(Ⅵ) is 4.02×104L/mol·cm at 540nm, and Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 0～1.0mg/L. The method has been applied for the determination of chromium in milk with satisfactory results.

Volatile compounds of traditional Chinese soybean paste were extracted with a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 136 volatile flavor compounds incuding esters (22), alcohols (13), aldehydes (12), acids (15), ketones (15), furans (16), sulfur-containing compounds (4), pyrazines, pyrones and other nitrogen-containing compounds (14), phenols (5) and hydrocarbons, amides etc were isolated and identified exactly. Except high content components such as alcohols and acids, the contents of 2-methyl butanal, benzaldehyde, ethyl acetate, isopropene acetate, methyl acetate, furfural, dihydro-2(3H)-furanone, 3-octanone, methionol, 2,6-dimethyl pyrazine were high. The total content of these compounds was 33.23%.

In this article, the salicyl fluorescence alkone is used as color reagent to determine the contents of the aluminum in jasmine tea, kuding tea and black tea. The calibration curve is figured by determining the standard aluminum solution at 559nm. The content of the standard solution is from 0 to 5μg/25ml. The regression equation is C=0.2826A+0.0044, correlation coefficient r=0.9992(n=5), the recovery is from 93% to 103%. The standard deviation is 0.000242, and variation coefficient is less than 0.65%. This method, for the determination of content of aluminum in teas is simple, and the accuracy and the recovery are satisfied. The method is suitable to determinate the content of aluminum.

The fumonisins are mycotoxin, originally isolated in 1988, synthesized mainly by several species of genus fusuriam. In this paper, two strains of C405 and C510 producing fumonisin were separated from corns, and primarily identified as genus fusarium. The methods of extraction and purification on fumonisin B1 from fermentable liquid were studied. TLC was chosen for half-quantificational determination of fumonisin B1, and HPLC for quantificational determination. Meanwhile, fumonisin B1 was extracted from corns and peanuts was detected too.

After researching in the phosphates in different kinds of meat and meat products, we found that the content of the phosphates in meat was no less than 0.5 percent, and the phosphates were freely soluble in water. So the phosphates in stewed meat products on sale were overstep standard, for the excessive additive through the production process. Consequently it was extremely important that we should use additives scientifically and establish national standards for stewed meat products production processes, and the new way to solve the overstep standard products.

The contents of nitrate , nitrite and VC of Youngia japonica (L.) DC. in different growth period were determined and analysed. The results showed that: In different growth period, the contents of nitrate and nitrite change unlargely; In other periods, it belong to the first class edible wild vegetables and can be eaten anyway(in fresh, after salted or cooked ); But in flowering stage, it belong to the second class and can be eaten after cooked or salted; After scalding treatment in different time, the contents of nitrate, nitrite and VC in this wild vegetable were reduced gradually with the increase of the scalding time.

Total acid and amino acid nitrogen prediction of Chinese Sauce using near infrared spectroscopy was discussed in this paper. The NIR spectrum of Chinese Sauce was collected according to the relationship between vibration intensity and characteristic absorbance of samples. The linear regression of partial least square (PLS) was applied to spectroscope data total acid and amino acid nitrogen of Chinese Sauce samples after baseline correction of transmission spectrum, and a prediction model was established .The prediction results showed that the model based on spectra recorded on the cross section was best. Using this model to predict the total acid and amino acid nitrogen of eight stochastic unknown sauce samples, the very satisfactory results were obtained and the coefficients of determination (R12) is 0.97 and (R22) is 0.98, the standard deviation (STDEV1) is 0. 09 and (STDEV2) is 0.07.Through the analysis about [The Regression Coefficients of the Model], the author has solved the relativity between the components of Chinese sauce and the Models.

The contents of total flavonoids in different extracting parts of Polygonum mulflorum, were measured by spectrophotometer as compared with standard rutin, the results showed that the maximum total flavonoids was measured in ethal acetate preparation, the minimum total flavonoids was measured in petrol ether preparation.

Objective: To study the effects of dietary nucleotides on anti-oxidation and its mechanism on newly weaned mice under stimulation. Method: To determine changes on hepatic and intestinal glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX), malondialdehyde(MDA),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and myeloperoxidase(MPO)by nucleotides free (NF) and nucleotides (NT) diet mice under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced oxidative response. Results: Hepatic and intestinal GSH, SOD, GSH-PX increased and MDA decreased with nucleotides supplement 4 and 18 hours after LPS stimulation. Conclusion: Dietary nucleotides can help to increase anti-oxidation, protect mice from injury under LPS stimulation. The mechanism might involve in dietary nucleotides saving glycin, glutamine and energy, which increase GSH and further increase SOD, GSH-PX activity.

In order to explore the effects of different diet compositions on the expression of gene of uncoupling proteins 1 (UCP1) in rat brown adipose tissue(BAT), uncoupling proteins 2 (UCP2) in white adipose tissue(WAT) and uncoupling proteins 3 (UCP3) in skeletal muscle, male Wistar rats were fed with different diets (including basic diet, high protein diet, high fat diet, and high calorie 1st and 2nd diet) for 2 months. The effects of the different diets on weight and the ratio of fat to body weight were observed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was used to measure UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA. The results showed that the body weight and the ratio of fat to body weight in the high calorie 1st and 2nd diet group are obviously higher than that in the groups of basic diet, high protein diet, and high fat diet (p<0.05), but there is no significant difference between the last three groups (p>0.05). The expression of UCP1and UCP2 genes increases and the expression of UCP3 gene decreases in the high calorie diet 1st and 2nd group, and no significant difference between basic diet, high protein diet and high fat diet group with equaled energy is observed. Energy can induce the expression of gene of UCP1 in rat BAT and UCP2 in WAT, but decrease the expression of gene of UCP3 in skeletal muscle.

Sweet tea Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd has been a traditional Chinese herb and been taken as health drink, tender leaves of which are abundant with flavonoid phloridzin. Four groups of diabetic model mice induced by alloxan were fed respectively with 4 doses of phloridzin (STPh) separated and purified from Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd for 18d, a group of non-model mice and a group of model mice fed with the same volume water were taken as the controls, and a group of model mice fed with Xiaokewan (a Chinese medicine for diabete) was taken as the positive control. Then levels of serum glucose, TG, TC, MDA, and SOD and GSH-Px activities were investigated. The results showed that by STPh treatment, levels of serum glucose, TG, TC and MDA were significantly reduced, and SOD and GSH-Px activities were apparently enhanced. Among 4 doses of STPh treatments, 70mg/kg bw·d was the modest one.

The blood glucose effects of various treatments, such as Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGB), biotransformation products of EGB by Hericium erinaceus, supernatant of submerged culture of H.erinaceus, the supernatant combined with EGB, and the control groups were compared in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice. The levels of blood glucose, lipid, fructosamine, and SOD activity in the model mice were measured after different treatments using samples above. Results showed that the biotransformation products of EGB by H.erinaceus, comparing with other groups, significantly reduced the levels of blood glucose, fructosamine, and increased the serum SOD activity and the body weights of the alloxan-induced mice. The results indicated that the blood glucose decreasing by biotransformation products of EGB was remarkably improved. Our investigations also provided useful information and references for screening the new herb products to control the diabetes and improving the effects of the herbs.

Objective: To explore factors that effects the stability of blood glucose determination. Methods: We used means of (Glu)COD—PAP, Blood Glucose Monitor, Biochemical Auto Analyzer; to observe the influence that fasting time, laboratory temperature, blood collection and DM establishing methods act on blood test. Results: The fasting time should better be controlled between 12 to 16 hours and 12 hours is the best. The serum that preserved in 4℃ environment within 8 hours have no obvious influence on determination result, Choose suitable blood collection and DM establishing methods according to practical needs, No dramatic difference between three types of blood determination means. Conclusion: Blood determination should control fasting time and laboratory temperature strictly, use perfect blood collection, DM establishing and testing methods.

Anti-inflammation effect of extract from sweet potato stem and leaf (ESPSL) were studied in mice. The influence of ESPSL on dimethylbenzene -induced ear swollen, increased vascular permeability and cotten-pellet granuloma were investigated. The results suggested that the petroleum ether extract from sweet potato stem and leaf couldn’t show anti-inflammatory effect, anti-inflammatory effects of other extracts had some relationship with the polarity of solvent.

In order to investigate the recovery of rat function of cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle after loading swimming, the rat blood sugar and plasma serum lactic acid concentration were determined after loading swimming by filling rats with D-ribose of different doses. The results indicated that after swimming the concentration of blood sugar of the different dose Ribose Test Groups were lower than Swimming Control Group, and the same dose Ribose Control Group. After recovery 72h, the concentration of blood sugar of the Middle Ribose Test Group and the Low Ribose Test Group were higher than the concentration after swimming. After swimming the concentration of plasma serum lactic acid of the different dose Ribose Test Groups were lower than the same dose Ribose Control Group. After recovery 72h, the concentration of plasma serum lactic acid of the different dose Ribose Test Groups were lower than the concentration after swimming, and the same dose Ribose Control Group. Ribose can improve the capability of the blood sugar absorption into muscles, provide the energy to muscles more effectively, and enhance the capability of exercise and the storage of sugar. Ribose can promote Cori circulation, enhance the formation of sugar from serum lactic acid, and prevent the accumulation of serum lactic acid. Ribose can enhance the recovery of body after exercise.

Objective:To study nutritive value of multi-duonianshengtengbendou in silkworm cocoon and its healthy funtion to human body. Methods: Through feeding experiment, the mice’ growth and all kinds of biochemial changes were observe such as serum cholesteral MDA and SOD enzyme and so on. Results: Compared with high cholesteral group the serum cholesteral of the high choleteral group in which multi-duonianshengtengbendou of silk worm cocoon fed has obvious difference, and compared with control group. MDA’s level decreased, but SOD enzyme’s activity rose obviously. Conclusion: Themulti-Duonianshengtengbendou in silkworm cocoon can decrease serum chelesteral, regulate chelesteral to normal range, and have antioxidativea ctivity.

Using Affymetrix genechip to analyse the differential gene expression in rats which fed with ferrous methionine chelate and ferrous sulfate respectivly. To found a model of anaemic rat which dietary were iron deprivation for 15 days, then 20 SD rats were divided randomly into two groups. The rats were fed with same iron level (Fe 35mg/kg) of ferrous methionine chelate and ferrous sulfate respectively. After 4th and 7th day of iron supplementation, rats gain, the contents of hemoglobin (Hb) and serum total iron-binding capacity of rats were measured. Gene expression of liver were detected by highdensity oligonuleotide array and compared ferrous methionine chelate group with ferrous sulfate group at the 7th day. The body gains, contents of hemoglobin (Hb) and serum total iron-binding capacity of rats fed with ferrous methionine chelate were higher than ferrous sulfate group. Ferrous methionine chelate induced upregulated expressed genes involved globin (Hbg1), ferric transfer protein (FTL1), en-zymes of cholesterol synthesize, fatty acid synthesize and ATP synthesase in liver. These findings may thus explain different functions between ferrous methionine chelate and ferrous sulfate.

Aim: Study the effects of polysaccharide of Duonianshengtengbendou(PD) on immunological function in mice. Methods: Observing macrophage phagocytosis, hemolysin antibody and cellproliferation of T and B lymphocytes. Result: PD raised macrophage phagocytosis, hemolysin antibody and cellproliferation of T and B in mice significantly. Conclusion: PD increased cellular and humoral immunity in mice evidently.

To study the hypoglycemic effect of flavonoids from moso bamboo leaves (FMBL) on normal and diabetic mice induced by alloxane, the mice were respectively divided into three groups:high-dose-group, middle-dose-group and low-dose-group, 0.9% saline group was choosed modle control and the anti-diabetic activity of the standard drug group(glibenclamide)was electropositive control. The results from pre-and post-treatment analysis of blood glucose showed that the concentration of blood glucose in the three groups was obviously decreased and symptom of diabetic symptoms such as, weight loss, polydipsia and polyphagia was also relieved, and the middle group(400mg/kg bw·d) was the bes. Further study showed blood glucose of the middle-dose-normal mice did not change significantly.

Objective: To investigate the antiarrhythmic effects on neonatal rat cardiac myocytes of extracts from the mycelia of Cephalosporium sinensis. Methods: The model arrhythmia of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes induced by CaCl2 and and isoprenaliner espectively in vitro, the antiarrhythmic effects of verapamil, propranolol, fractions of the extracts from the mycelia of Cephalosporium sinensis and the solvent of fractions were tested respectively. Results: EtOH extracts from the mycelia of Cephalosporium sinensis. (Cs-E), the fraction of Cs-E partitioned by EtOAc(Cs-E-Et), and the fraction of Cs-E partitioned by n-BuOH(Cs-E-Bu) had the antiarrhythmic effects on neonatal rat cardiac myocytes induced by the CaCl2 and isoprenaline respectively in vitro. Conclusion: EtOH extracts from the mycelia of Cephalosporium sinensis. (Cs-E), the fraction of Cs-E partitioned by EtOAc(Cs-E-Et), and the fraction of Cs-E partitioned by n-BuOH(Cs-E-Bu) were the bioactive fractions in fermented Mycelia of Cephalosporium sinensis (Ningxinbao).

Objective: To develop its abundant resources, study on anti-stress function of major functional components of Aralia Chinese L was performed. Method: establish model mice of hypoxia-tolerance, low-temperature resistance and anti-fatigue. Observe effect of the major functional components of Aralia Chinese L aralosides on the anti-stress of mice. Results: Aralia Chinese L could develop the anti-stress function of mice obviously and have sheltering effect on rat myocardial ischemia.

Using fresh juice from 13～17cm barley seedlings to detect the biologic health effect of barley seedling coming from no soil culture. The experimented results showed that barley seedlings (0.5g/ml, 1g/ml) have no inhibition effect to cultured S-180 tumor cells of mice in vitro and the inhibition rates are -27.6%, -89.5% respectively; The barley seedlings (0.5g/ml, 1g/ml) dropped blood glucose significantly on the model of diabetes inducted by alloxan (p<0.01) and the drop rate of blood glucose are 36.76%, 48.89% respectively; The barley seedlings (1g/ml) significantly decreased the numbers of bleeding dots under ten microscope field and ulcer area ratio on the model of gastric ulcer induced by alcohol (p<0.01); The barley seedling (1g/ml) has significant effect on anti-fatigue in mice. The exhausting swimming time is significant longer (p<0.001), anti-anoxic time is significant longer (p<0.01), blood glucose after swim is significant higher (p<0.001) and blood lactic acid recover significant quicker (p<0.001) than negative control group.

40 mice aged 15d were use to study the effects of fed hydrolyzed milk on immunologic function and growth. The mice were randomly divided into two groups to feed for 30d, control group and feeding the milk group. Carbon expurgation experiments, spleen and the pancreas weight vs weight gain, lysozyme were determined. The results showed that the infant formula milk is significant difference on carbon expurgation experiments, and is no significant difference on spleen and pancreas/weight gain, and lysozyme activity in serum, also is significant difference on promoting mice growth. It suggest that the infant formula is the influence on promoting the non-specific immunity and growth of mice.

The optimum condition of chitosan-coating treatment was determined through orthogonal test, with citrus Tian-cao as material. In the study the changes of water content,deoxidizing sugar, total scid, VC in the pulp, SOD activity, POD activity, membrane permeability in the peel of Citrus Tian-cao during storage were determined. The results showed that nutrition component is always in a tendency to decrease, also fresh-keeping coated by chitosan is higher than control, SOD activity increases and relatival membrane permeability of peel is lower than control in the whole storage time. Therefore, citrus Tian-cao fresh-keeping by chitosan can delay senescence of fruit so that it has better effect.

The effect of three kinds of natural antistaling agent, including chitosan, giant-arum and garlic, to the storage quality and physiolgical activation of postharvest Kyoho grapes was studied. The results showed that treatment with the three kinds of antistaling agent could decrease breathing intensity of grape fruit. SOD and POD activation present the peak only one time during storage, accumulation of MDA is restrained under low temperature. After 1% chitosan treatment under 2℃ storing for 30 days, the rate of loss reaches the lowest, and the effect of storage is the best.

The principle and study on preservation of instant meatball of modified atmosphere packing were introduced in this paper. The instant meatball packaged with PET/PE material and filled with gas mixtures of different ratios can be preserved under 4℃. And we got its shelf life via sensory evaluation and total bacterial count. It was discovered that the shelf life of modified atmosphere products could reach to 21 days, more than that of vacuum packaging.

OTA (ochratoxin A) is a widely distributed mycotoxin produced by several Aspergillus and Penicillium species occurring in cereals (mainly wheat, barley, maize and oats), coffee, as well as in dried fruits and milk. Many countries developed legislations to regulate and control OTA in cereals because it has been shown to be nephrotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic and immunotoxic to several animal species. Different analytical methods are currently used: TLC, HPLC, ELISA, MEKC and GICA, etc. Developing safety, accurate, sensitive and reproducible analysis system to detenmine OTA in cereals is becoming the hot sport in the future.

Microalgal photo-bioreactors is the key technology for realizing high-density culture and mass culture of microalgae. This article reviewed the major types, technical parameters and characters of photobioreactor applied in microalgal culture recently. The detection technique of photobioreactor were also briefly summarized in this article.

Ultrasound sterilization is a potential nonthermal sterilization technique in food industry. Ultrasound can inactivate the food-born microorganisms in short time and with lower energy consumption, while has little damages on the color, odor and taste of foods. In this paper, the mechanism of ultrasound sterilization was discussed as well as the affecting factors. And the present progress of the use of ultrasound sterilization in food industry was reviewed.

This article emphatically introduced the processing equipment of high pulsed electric fields (HPEF), explained the relative theories of the process of extracting egg yolk lecithin with HPEF, analyzed the factors affecting extracting rate, researched on the application of HPEF in the process of extracting egg yolk lecithin at present or in the future.

The average character of peanut allergen(Ara h1, Ara h2, Ara h3, Ara h4) and the IgE binding sites which on these allergens were simply introduced. The impact of processing including heating (roasting, curing, boiling, frying) enzymatic hydrolysis, grinding ,germinating and squeezing on peanut allergens were reviewed in detail. All of these informations are useful for producing non-allergenic or hypoallergenic peanut products.

According to the basic structure of ultrafiltration device, the applications of singlechip and programmable logic controller to the ultrafiltration control system are investigated, and a layered control system is introduced. Moreover, the development direction of the control system is discussed. A conclusion is finally drawn that, with the decrease in hardware cost and with the improvement of software function, the control system of ultrafiltration device tends to an automatic, intelligent and integratedd evelopment.

Temprate, light microclimate, soil, and water are the main ecological factors, affecting yield components,fruit composition (anthocyanin concentration,sugars, pH, titratable acidity, and total skin and seed polyphenols); and wine quality parameters the alcoholic content, the concentration of malic acid, titratable acidity, anthocyanins, total phenols, color intensity, stabilizing color, and the mouthfeel properties. Many of ecological factors are correlated with each other. It is likely that the effects of climate and soil on fruit quality are mediated through their influence on vine water status. The ecological factors were characterized in the famouse winegrape viticultural districts in France. The viewpoints of ecological development in winegrape viticultural districts in china are also suggested in this article.

As a kind of safe food, egg contains high protein and affluent lipide and is also the source of some vitamin and mineral matter, what is more, easy to absorb and not expensive. Therefore, egg is known as a nutrition food to maintain life. There are more and more countries that are attaching importance to the deeper processing of egg these years, especially some outstanding breakthrough in the development of the extraction of functional ingredients in egg yolk and egg white. At present, there has been some obvious development of egg product in our country, however, the gap between our country and someother developed countries is still very big, such as few researches, low technology level, few kinds of deeper egg products. The amount of egg product in developed countries accounts for 25% in egg industry all over the world, only 0.7%～1.0% in our country [1]. To meet the requirement of egg product consumption, to expand the pathway of egg resource and improve the high added value, developing the functional factors compressively is very prospective in coming years.

β-D-glucosidase, an important glycosyl hydrolase, is implicated in a wide variety of functions such as cellulose-degrading and aroma-rich terpenes liberating. The physical and chemical properties, catalytic mechanism, molecular biology, immobilization and applications of β-D-glucosidase were summaried in the paper.

Enzymatic hydrolysis of aquatic proteins in controlled conditions is one of the most important ways to increase values of the low-value aquatic products and of the by-products in aquatic product processing.The choice of enzymes, the flowsheet for enzymatic hydrolysis, the reaction mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis and the applications of enzymatic hydrolysates were introduced in this paper. The general situation of the utilization of aquatic proteins by enzymatic hydrolysis was reviewed. Meanwhile, the research and application trends of enzymatic hydrolysis of aquatic protein resourses were envisaged in this review.

Wheat gliadins are one of the storage protein of wheat. Its molecular characterization, structure and gene location was reviewed, its effect on the properties of flour and bread, hydrophobic and rheological properties of dough was discussed, and at the end, its research methods were summarized.

Following a number of major food safety problems in China, consumers have become increasingly concerned about food safety. This has led authorities in China to revise their systems of food control. Food safety monitor net system takes an important role in food control system. Food safety monitor net system, as the basement of food safety credit system, food safety early warning system, and food safety control system, should has the functions and merits as list: I. Has the ability to collect all of the original data which related to food safety at first hand independently. Ⅱ Has a database which adapt to memorize, compute and manage large number of data, access to information exchange and share. Ⅲ Has a information share system which service for food safety detect data analysis, food safety risk assessment, food safety early warning, announcement and prevention. IV Has the ability to provide the technical support for food safety traceability in food life circle such as production, process and circulating. V Has the ability to classify and announce food safety information to government, institute, mass media and public respectively.

The research of opioid peptides already has a history of more than 30 years. Opioid peptides are a kind of neuroactive substances with hormone and neurotransmitter functions, which confers opioid peptides an important mediator to regulate the central nervous system and the peripheral organs. They can be divided into endogenous opioid peptides and exogenous opioid peptides. In 1970s, the opioid peptides with the morphine activity were found continuously both in vivo and in vitro, leading to an increased interest of scientists. Afterwards,scientists discovered that they played an important role in the nervous, immune and endocrine systems, for which they were called the neuroimmune peptides. A number of opioid peptides have already been discovered up to now. This article overviews the structure characteristics, the present advances and the physiologi-cal functions of opioid peptides and makes prospects of research in the future.

Edible insects as alternate source of food provide significant nutritional, economic and ecological benefits for rural communities. In this review, we summarize research progresses of edible insect resources, including that the utilization history, species and distributions of edible insects in the whole globe, and the attitude of the eastern and western world on this issue. Based on the current status,some reasonable advices on exploitation and utilization of edible insects as human food were suggested.

Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) is of great healthy and pharmic value. Presently, various products of Ganodermalucidum are presented in the market. However, the exploitation and research of Ganoderma lucidum are cried for deepening because of the limit kinds of products and their poor science and technology level. Four exploitative approaches about medicament and health production from Ganoderma lucidum are summarized: ①take fruiting body as raw material; ②take mycelium or ferment-liquid from submerged fermentation as raw material; ③take fungal substance of solid fermentation as raw material; ④take sporoderm-broken spores or intact spores as raw material. The domestic productions of Ganoderma lucidum were classified and enumerated, and some suggestions are given for the exploitation clue of Ganoderma lucidum. The paper can be a reference on the exploitation and research on the production of Ganoderma lucidum.

It has been a limited effort for a long time to make the enzymes applicable to in industrial processing because of the high price and the limited choice of the enzyme species. From botanical physiology we know that there are plenty species of enzymes present inside seeds. It should be a valuable work to study the possibility of applying them in industrial production. We chose this as one of our main works to study how to make use of the soy and oil seeds protease in food industry. So far, there are some new phenomena and conclusions we have got.(1)We have found a few ways to activate the seeds proteases to make them function directly in the industrial processing.(2)The protease which lost activity during high temperature could be reactivated. It means that it is possible to utilize the high temperature extruded soy cake.(3)During the processing of soymilk, lipoxygenase should be inactivated by a series of approaches, after the pretreatment of the seeds by fast drying, crushing, removing hulls aspiration, grinding with hot water so as to inactivate the lipoxygenase, and then passing through a vacuum pan to strip off off-flavors, with emulsifiers added for mouth feel, and for getting ride of the chalkiness.(4)The water-solubility of soy protein can be increased by soy proteases hydrolysis while the diffusibility of soymilk powder and of isolate soy protein could also be improved. The soy protein could even be changed from lipidphobia into lipidphilia. The activated soy protease could accom-plish these requirements well enough. (5) It has been almost 1400 years history to produce the beans starch by zymolysis while just this starch could be made into vermicelli. So we have invented the new method to activate the protease to produce better starch than microbial method. What is more, the isolated soy protein can be reactivated again.We believe this new study can lead to explore new technologies, productions and researches.

The France Poultry Quality Certification System was introduced. The red quality label certification was used to connect the upper producers (feed-processing plant, hatchery, chicken stock) and the lower producers (shambles and distributes), which composed one very comprehensive and efficiency circulation network. The poultry from the network were obviously distinct with the industrialized poultry. Because of the inner quality, food safety, environment safety and the product image, the difference between the red label products and the industrialization products was prominence. The red quality label certification system went on 35 years, and became a quite efficiency framework, constituted by the private and public departments. The above system was an important reference for our study on food quality and safety.

Technology for extracting high purity lecithin was studied in this paper. The common and new technologies for extracting high purity lecithin nowadays was introduced. This paper summarized, analyzed and compared these technologies, and then gave the primary resolvent.

Functional foods are becoming the main trend of the food industry. Now the yoghourt with nutritional and health function is becoming the hot spot in the exploitation of world market. The application of modern analysis technology in yoghourt is summarized in this paper, including detection of nutritional components, texture analysis and rheological propertiese tc.

Two kind of the new processing techniques and quality control system of Chinese Guangdong dried meat floss was studied, in order to make traditional Chinese Guangdong dried meat floss implement industrialization manufacture of modern times and meet the demand of export market. Our research indicated that stewed meat in seasoning made the cooking of meat controlled more easily. When dehydration rate of meat reached about 30%, the glutinosity of which was greatest, and it was the most difficult to rub floss. When dehydration rate of meat reached about 50%, the effect was best to rub floss. Dehydration technique of subsection-balance could predigest traditional craftwork of dried meat floss and improve quality of that. At the same time we established HACCP of dried meat floss, but the quality of that lied on not only craftwork, equipment and scientific quality control system but also administer degree of quality control system in the process of manufacture.

The phosvitin has the property of the highest phosphorylation in all the well-known proteins, with the special characters of emulsibility, antioxygen, thermostability, and disinfection. The hydrolyzate of phosvitin was phosvitin phosphopeptide -acting as the carrier that can combine with Ca2+ which will be taken in easily by small intestine. Therefore, the prospect in the development and application of phosvitin is enormous.

The present food safety management system is characteristic with poly-department, gap and link, and the confliction and overlapping are serious. The common principles and systems that are necessary for all these food safety departments help to eliminate these confliction and contradiction. The food safety executive coordination is effective measure.

Hawthorn has high nutritional value and perfect health function. Development and application of nutritional, functional components and health food of hawthorn are discussed in this paper. The development prospect of hawthorn also is predicted.

The application of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system is rapidly progressing, in particular in large and medium scale food industries recently. However, concomitant with the headway of the HACCP system in food safety management, the incidence of foodborne diseases is increasing rapidly worldwide. Does the increase in foodborne diseases represent a failure of the HACCP system? The paper expound the relationship between both through the factors infuencing the incidence of foodborne diseases, Potential of HACCP to prevent foodborne illnesses. The result show that the paradox come from misunderstanding the content of HACCP, function in preventing disease and effect factors.

The high-Intensity pulsed electric fields ( PEF) non-heat treatment technology is becoming one of most active technologies that study bacteria killing due to its short handling time, slight temperature rise, low power consumption and obvious effect etc. And in the side of extracting functional ingredients and keeping active, it shows a good application prospect. This paper stresses the processing principle, the processing procedure and safety control of this technology.

Time-resolved fluoroimmuoassay(TRFIA), based on immunomagnetic separation and time-resolved fluorometry, is a supersensitive detection method which is developed rapidly for the extensive application in many fields, such as clinical and food safety rapid detection. This paper mainly aims to introduce the principles, the advantages of TRFIA, the reseach progress and application in food safety.

State the planting characteristics, nutrious elements, value for medicine, storing, freshening and the research development of using on Coprinus comatus, and discuss its developing prospect.

The pesticide residue exceeding the standard is a major reason that the tea export of our country drops considerably. Domestic and foreign development situation of tea detection methods is analyzed in this paper, the viewpoints are suggested that enterprise should pay attention to the change of law and regulations of those countries importing tea, constitute the production standard in line with international practice, establish standardization production detection base, and improve tea quality detectionand supervisor system in order that tea standardization can be implemented successfully.

The free radicals caused a series of paroxysm occurrence of body such as decrepitude, tumor etc. The soybean antioxidative peptide has the effect of eliminate hydroxyl free radicals, superoxide anion radical, the activity of lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidation. This article reviews the formation of free radical, the antioxidation recovery mechanism, the produce methods and the aspect overview of the soybean antioxidative peptide.

The deep processing of animal blood mainly emphasizes two parts: One is separation and purification of animal blood to obtain hemachrome-Fe (Ⅱ); The other is degradation of hemachrome and chelation with Fe (Ⅱ) to get peptide-Fe (Ⅱ) complex. In particular, unstability of and reducibility of Fe (Ⅱ) limit the application of animal blood. Therefore, investigation of Fe (Ⅱ) protection is the key step of the whole process. In this paper, the study of Fe (Ⅱ) protection of hemoglobin was summarized.

Based on research references, xinjiang vitis vinifera’s geographical distribution, chemical constituent and its value, medical, edible, industrial and other comprehensive application value, etc were summarized and analyzed in this paper. This summary will provide important theoretical bases for further research and utilization of the vitis vinifera.

The physiological functions and classify of the functional components in vegetables and fruits were summarized in this paper. Meanwhile, the determination methods and isolation of the active components came from vegetables and fruits as well as development prospect of functional vegetables and fruits food in our country were analyzed.

Honeybee pollen have many bioactive constituents such as essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and they have the physiological functions of antioxidation, anticancer, reducing cholesterin, enhance immunity effects and so on. The research advance of bioactive constituents and pharemacological functions of honeybee pollen were reviewed in this paper. Meanwhile, the development prospect of pollen in functional food and medicine was pointed out.

Meat color is a very important factor. It also determines the market. This article makes out a summarizer about pork color from breed, feed, stimulation, and packaging.

This paper introduces important effect of enzyme in food industry, summarizes the application of enzyme in the production of flesh, fish, eggs, milk, vegetable, beverage, vintage, toast food and refine suger, and gives development prospect of enzyme in food industry.

In this paper, the principle and methods of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were introduced briefly, the application of ELISA in analysis of Phytogenic food safety was commented in details. And the tendency of development in ELISA and its prospect used in the food safety determination were also forward promoted.

The technique of improving industrial microbe strain experienced three development stages: mutagenesis, genetic recombinant and genetic engineering. As the latest genetic engineering technique, gene targeting technique has the characteristics of precise positioning and stable heredity of new gene. With gene targeting technique, people can have destination to reform the hereditary material of microorganism, and create the new species microorganism in favor of the production. Recombineering is the technique which promotes homologous recombination between the targeting DNA using an independent phage recombina-tion system with a 40～60bp homologous sequence, and accurately modifies the target gene in chromosome DNA or the vectors in E.coli. By using of the recombineering technique, the length of homologous sequence of gene targeting vector can reach 10kb, even exceed 100kb, hence the efficiency of homologous recombination can increase hundreds times. The technique of recombineering has trend to replace the traditional recombinant DNA technique, providing the new and efficient means for the gene targeting technique, and would be widely used in the fields of the foundation theories research and practical application in improvement ofi ndustrial microbe strain.

The development on natural antioxidant is summarized in this paper. The paper mainly described research production and potential about resourceful herbal medicine in our country; and then depicted the process of lipidic oxidation. The expatiates anti-oxidated mechanism of anti-oxidated composition in herbal and discusses the eliminating free-group of anti-oxidated composition in herbal medicine. Meanwhile, the index for estimating anti-oxidated performance also is described.

Molecular mechanics and quantumchemistry methods was used to study the effect quarititative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) on the antioxidative activities of yakuchinone A and curcumin. The energy and electronic structures of the curcumin compounds including yakuchinone A and curcumin were calculated. The change of enery and electronic structure from free radicals were acounted and like curcumin compounds there the active process of the curcumin compounds dehydrogenation oxidation was take place. Results showed that the structure stabilities of curcumin and yakuchinone A are reactive to their moleculars tructure.

Application of nanotechnology has shown its great dominance in the fields of agriculture and food up to date and several kinds of nano-food have been developed and put into the market. However, studies on nanotechnology are still at the initial stage. Safety of nano-food, namely its effect on human body and environment has not been fully and clearly understood yet, which restricted the researches of nano-food and its development. In this paper, we reviewed the current state-of-the-art of nano-food and issues on evaluating methodology of nano-food safety and future exploration and developments on nano-food were proposed.

Aloes and tea fungus are used as the main raw materials to research and produce a composite fermented beverage integrated with traditional tea fungus production methods. Through orthogonal test and analysis of variance with adding the volume of aloes, vaccination volume, temperature and time as factors, the best formula and conditicns in fermentation process is obtained. The optimum formula is aloe juice 20%, tea vaccination size 15%. The best conditions are: fermentation period 5d, temperature 30℃. Fermentation liquid is a little sour and fragrant, bacteria is transparent egg membrane with utilization of high-sugar and low-cost, the fermentation time is also short. This study provides a new approach for using aloes and enriching tea drinking production.

This paper reports the process of making purslane kelp noodles. The results showed that the noodles are delicious and nutrious, and could give us the nutrious and currative at the same time.

This paper introduces the process of fermented health beverage, which used mulberry leaves as the main material, through yeast, acetic acid bacteria fermentation, and then juice and other complements were added. Using of the comparison tests and orthogonal tests to dentify the best conditions and formula. The best fermentation conditions are mulberry leaves powder content of 90g/L, the concentration of CaCO3 6g/L, the fermentation temperature 28～30℃ and fermenting for 2 days; The best formula is: sugar 13.2g, juice 100ml, fermented liquid 150ml/L.

Extraction technology of functional components in Codonapsislanceolata Benth. et Hook. with enzyme hydrolysis and ultrasonic for breaking cell was studied. During the processing, the activities of functional components were kept by reasonable measures. The optimum conditions for extration of functional components and preparation of potherb health beverage were obtained. On these conditions, nutritional, low caloric, good tasty green beverage was obtained.

This paper used the processing technology that the sugar solutions concentration was gradually increased to produce a low-sugar Citrus medica preserved fruit by vacuum osmosis of sugar three times, and researched the processing technology parameters of vacuum osmosis of sugar by L9(3)4 orthogonal test. The best processing technology parameters is: the vacuum degree 0.06MPa, the sugar solutions concentration progressively 40%, 50%, 60%, each soaking sugar time 3.5 hours and the processing temperature 30℃. The low-sugar Citrus medica preserved fruit was made by seasoning with spice water of concentration 70%, salt 3% and sodium cyclamate 0.1% after vacuum osmosis of sugar.

In this paper, the yak beef as raw material, through tendering, braising and cooking, cutting, drying processing, the instant yak beef stick was researched. We adopted enzyme to tender the yak beef, two-time braising and cooking. The technology of dryness applied respectively normal pressure dryness, vacuum-freezing dryness and vacuum-heating dryness. The results showed that: injection and marination with the pawpaw protein enzyme came to a better effect (enzymes amount 0.02%, pH6.5, water temperature 30℃, time 40 minutes). Beef piece size 3×0.5×0.3cm. The best way was vacuum-heating dryness with pressure 0.07MPa , 45℃, 2h. Bechamel sterilize is 100℃, 30min.