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Table of Content

15 December 2005, Volume 26 Issue 12
The Synthesis and Identification of the Antigen of RCT and the Production and Purification of Its Polyclonal Antibody
XU Wen-Tao, HUANG Kun-Lun, DENG Ai-Ke, LUO Yun-Bo
2005, 26(12):  29-33. 
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Ractopamine (RCT) is a phenethanolamine member of the family of β-adrenergic agonists(β-agonists). This class of compounds has become notable for their properties of enhancing the growth rates of farm animal species but is not licensed for use in China and other countries because of their serious side-effects. The RCT is coupled to BSA as an immunogen and to OVA as a coating antigen using the coupling agent, butane-1,4-diol diglyciydyl ether. The immunogen and coating antigen have been identified by the method of ultraviolet full wavelength scanner and SDS-PAGE. Polyclonal antibodies against RCT have been raised in three rabbits and purified by using a saturated ammonium sulfate method and by the way of protein A-Sepharose 4B. The sensitivity and cross-reactivity of polyclonal antibody have been demonstrated in ELISA test. The purified polyclonal anti- RCT antiserum shows a very high degree of sensitivity and specificity.
Rheological Study on a Compound System of Gleditsia sinensis Gum with Xanthan Gum
NING Ying-Zhi, YANG Yong-Li, LI Chun, CHEN Zhi-Long, GUO Xiao-Ping, LI Hai-Hong, LI Jia-Wei
2005, 26(12):  34-36. 
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The rheology of a compound system of Gleditsia sinensis gum with xanthan gum was studied. The results showed that the optimum proportion of Gleditsia sinensis gum with xanthan gum was 4:6. The mixed gum was“ non-Newtonian” liquid and the viscosity of the compound gum increased sharply by heating up in the range of 60~100℃, the best heating time was 60~ 90min. The viscosity of the compound gum was stabilized in alkaline condition but was affected considerably by acid, and was increaseda fterf reezing-thawinga lternation.
Effects of Limited Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Gelation Properties and Hydrophobicity of Soy Protein
2005, 26(12):  37-40. 
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Hardness of soy-curd and hydrophobicity Index(S0) of soy isolate protein were determined after limited enzymatic hydrolysis by Alcalase and As 1.398. These two parameters, were studied for the change of gelation properties and hydrophobicity of soy protein with the limited degree of hydrolysis(DH).
Study on the Succinylation of Wheat Gluten Protein
JIANG Shao-Tong, TANG Wen-Ting, PAN Li-Jun
2005, 26(12):  40-44. 
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Succinic anhydride were used to modify the wheat gluten protein(WGP) in this paper, the influence of wheat gluten concentration, additive dosage and reaction temperature to the extent of modification and functionality of product were studied. Using solubility, extent of modification, emulsifying activity, foaming capacity and foam stability as indexes, the optimal reaction conditions were found through the orthogonal experiments. The optimum conditions of succinylation of wheat gluten were: [S]10%, 45℃, the ratio of succinic anhydride to wheat gluten 15%. After succinylation, the solubility, emulsifying capacity, foaming capacity and foam stability were improved much. FTIR spectra showed that WGP were successfully modified by succinic anhydride, though succinic anhydride was induced to protein molecule to alter its structure and to improve their functionality. The stickness of wheat dough added to 2% succinylated WGP could improve 32% compared with the original dough.
Study on Dry-heating Reaction of Soy Protein and Polysaccharide
QI Jun-Ru, YANG Xiao-Quan, LIAO Jin-Song, PENG Zhi-Ying
2005, 26(12):  45-48. 
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A functional soybean acid-precipitated protein(SAPP)-polysaccharide conjugate was prepared by dry-heated storage at 60℃ and 79% relative humidity for 5 days, and various factors affecting the maillard reaction of SAPP-polysaccharide were studied in a series of experiments. The molecular structure features of SAPP and its conjugated dextran were analyzed through the UV-spectrums.
Preparation and Radioprotective Effect Study on Angelica sinensis Polysaccharides
SUN Yuan-Lin, GU Xiao-Hong, LI De-Yuan, TANG Jian
2005, 26(12):  48-52. 
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Angelic sinensis polysaccharides(ASP) were solubilized by sequential extraction both with hot water at 80℃(W- ASP) and 0.5% EDTA solution at room temperature(E-ASP). The results of suger analysis showed that W-ASP was mainly composed of GalA, galactose, arabinose, and a little part of rhamnose, mannose and glucose, whereas E-ASP contained high amount of glucose. W-ASP and E-ASP were orally administered to groups of mice. The results showed three W-ASP dosages raised higher number of white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocytes of exposed mice, and showed significant quatity-activity relationship. W-ASP and E- ASP enhance WBC and W-SCC simultaneously, but the effect of W-ASP showed better than that of E-ASP.
Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Rheological Property of Soybean Isolated Protein
ZHU Jian-Hua, YANG Xiao-Quan
2005, 26(12):  52-57. 
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The changes of rheological property of soybean protein isolated (SPI) after ultrasonic treatment were studied. According to the results, after 20min treatment with 25kHz and 400W ultrasonic treatment, the apparent viscosity of 10.0% and 12.5% were reduced to 3.2% and 6.5% of the control respectively. The flow behavior indexes were increased to 0.81and 0.78, from the control as 0.66 and 0.44 respectively. The storage modulus G′and the loss modulus G″were lowered to ten percent of the control after sonication. Sonication effect would lower G″value more than lowering of G′value. However sonication had little effect on the tanδvalue. The Braband viscosity was also reduced markedly after ultrasonic treatment.
Relationship of Wheat Flour Quality with Chinese Steamed Bread Quality
YUAN Jian, JU Xing-Rong, WANG Hai-Feng, YANG Xiao-Rong
2005, 26(12):  57-61. 
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Forty-eight wheat flours mixed by different quality flours from the mills and the quality of their steamed bread were used to investigate the flour quality requirement for Chinese bread. The results showed that the protein content, gluten content and gluten index, sediment value and the rheological properties were significant non-linear (quadratic) correlation with their steamed bread quality. The quality index of wheat flour suitable for Chinese steamed bread were as follows: protein content 11.5%~13.5%, gluten content 27.0%~32.5% and gluten index 65%~94% sediment value 47~63ml, Falling Number 310~450s.
Study on Maize-yellow Pigments and Fatty Acids Extracted with SC-CO2 from Corn Gluten Meal
LI Da-Jing, LIU Rong, FANG Gui-Zhen
2005, 26(12):  62-65. 
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The product, Maize-yellow pigment, extracted from corn gluten meal by supercritical CO2 was analyzed and identified. Both components of pigment and fatty acids in corn oil were studied. The results showed that three major compo- nents of pigment were isolated with MgO column chromatogram, the result further identified that component A was carotene, component B cryptoxanthin and component D probably zeaxanthin or lutein assayed by high performance liquid chromatogram, ultraviolet-visible spectrum and chemical analytical method. It also showed that fatty acids in corn oil were composed of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oieic acid, linoleic acid etc., which were protective to pigments.
Studies on Fermentation Kinetics of Strains Producing Bacterial Cellulose
2005, 26(12):  65-67. 
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The fermentation process of bacterial cellulose-producing strain QAX993 was studied. A kinetic model was proposed based on the Logistic equation for microorganism growth, product formation and substrate consumption. With the evaluated model parameters, the model appeared to provide a reasonable description for the fermentation process under various conditions.
Studies on Single-cells Cloning of Ginkgo Callus
QIN Wei-Dong, GAO Ming-Xia, MIAO Jing-Zhi, LU Zhao-Qi
2005, 26(12):  68-70. 
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The relationship between stability of ginkgo single-cells and cells uniformity its was studied by cells-cloning series of ginkgo. The results indicated: sterilization of medium by filtration was the good method to promote cells growth. When suspended culture of the 3rd generation callus, adding 0.5gL hydrates of casein in medium might increase planting efficiency. The planting efficiency of single-cells cloned was 27.04%. The average growth rates of GB-11 cloning lines reached 0.55g fwg fw•d.
Study on Effects of Chitosan to Scavenge Nitrite
SUN Yan-Hui, DONG Ying
2005, 26(12):  71-73. 
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Under the condition of simulated gastric juice in vitro, the effect of chitosan to scavenge nitrite was studied. The scavenging rate was determined by spectrophotometric method. The effects of reaction time, the chitosan's use level, the deacetylated degree and the molecular weight to scavenge nitrite were investigated. The results showed that the scavenging capability of chitosan to nitrite increased with the extension of reaction time. The level increase of chitosan's use, the enhancement of the deacetylated degree and the reduction of molecular weight.37.5mg by 85% deacetylated chitosan could scavenge nitrite wholly.
Isolation of Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase Producing Strains and Properties of Its Enzyme
2005, 26(12):  74-77. 
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The yeast strain with high activity of producing phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, SA1, was screened from soil. The optimum enzyme productivity and conditions for the conversion of trans-cinnamic acid into L- phenylalanine were determined. The results showed that the production of enzyme was kept high by addition of L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine and isoleucine, where L- tyrosine was optimum. The optimal parameters of the conversion reaction were: 2.0% trans-cinnamic acid, NH4HCO3:NH•3H2O (W:V)=4:4, pH10.6, 34℃, and the time of reaction 8h. The enzyme activity was kept stable by the addition of glycerol.
Study on Scavenging Capacity of Free Radical by Natural Mulberry Red Pigment in vitro
XU Jian-Guo, TIAN Cheng-Rui, HU Qing-Ping
2005, 26(12):  77-81. 
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By using the superoxide radical system, hydroxyl radical system, H2O2 radical system,oxidation system of linolic acid induced by alkane radical and system of DPPH, the antioxidation activities of mulberry red pigment were studied and compared with VC. The results showed: the mulberry red pigment had different scavenging effects in these radical systems, and the scavenging capacity of mulberry red pigment in the superoxide radical system, hydroxyl radical system and H2O2 radical system showed good performance and its scavenging capacity was stronger than VC. The scavenging capacity to DPPH was lower than VC. In the selected concentration range, its capacity to alkane radical was not obvious, and almost equal to VC, with scavenging rate lower than 50%.Mulberry red pigment hence was a good kind of natural radical scavenger.
Research on Nonenzymatic Browning of Banana Juice during Storage
WANG Su-Ya, WANG Zhang
2005, 26(12):  81-85. 
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The paper discussed causes and kinetics of nonenzymatic browning during banana juice storage. The results showed that Maillard Reaction between amide and reducing sugar was the main nonenzymatic browning cause of banana juice. Zero and first order kinetics was applied to describe evolution of relative absorbance at 420nm. Nonenzymatic browning was successfully adjusted to zero order kinetic model, and the activation energy found for the nonenzymatic browning was 80.46kJmol.
Studies on Purification and Properties of Superoxide Dismutase from Geese Erythrocytes
ZHANG Lan-Jie, XIN Guang, ZHANG Wei-Hua, YUAN Qin-Sheng
2005, 26(12):  86-89. 
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Copperzinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) from geese erythrocytes has been purified by chloroform-ethanol fractionation, acetone precipitation and DE-32 chromatography. The results showed that the specific activity of the enzyme was 10656.14Umg, and its purification factor was 354.73. This enzyme had two identical subunits. The molecular weight was about 32000, and the identical subunit molecular weigh about 16000. And the ultraviolet absorption peak of the enzyme was found at 258nm .The enzyme was sensitive to KCN and H2O2, the enzyme optimum pH was from 6 to 9, stable below 60℃.
Separation, Purification and Structural Analysis of β-glucan from Oat
WANG Hai-Bo, XIE Bi-Jun, LIU Da-Chuan, WANG Hai-Ying
2005, 26(12):  90-98. 
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Two kinds ofβ-glucan ,Oglu-1 and Oglu-2, were extract and purified from Oat. Oglu-1 was shown to be a single homogeneous component by GPC and Sephacryl-400SF column chromatography. It was found that Oglu-1 was composed of glucose units only and joined by β-D-(1→4) and β-D-(1→3) linkage with the linkage number ratio 2.1:1 by using the methods of paper chromatography, UV, IR, NMR and HLPC. The molecular average-weight of Oglu-1 is 4.49×105 was determined by CPC-LLS.
Effect of Fermentation Metabolites on the Rheological Characteristics of Fermented Rice Noodles
PENG He-Hua, LU Zhan-Hui, LI Yong-Yu, LI Li-Te, CHEN Si-Ying-San
2005, 26(12):  94-98. 
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Polished rice grains were treated with various acid (lactic acid, acetic acid) and enzyme (α-amylase, β-amylase, amyloglucosidase, lipase, proteinase) solutions, which are typical fermentation metabolites during the processing of fermented rice noodles, to investigate their effects on the rheological chardcteristics of rice noodles. The rheological characteristics were mensurated by a rheomete.The maximum stress and maximum strain of rice noodles treated with pH4.0, pH5.0 lactic acid sodium lactate buffer,α-amylase,proteinase, lipase were improved significantly. Because protein and disulfide bond can affect the cooking properties of rice, the effects of contents of protein and disulfide bond on rice noodle rheological characteristics were also studied. Lower protein, disulfide contents are benefit to gel forming.
Scavenging O2- • and •OH of Extracts from the Leaves of Vaccinium Bracteatum Thunb
WANG Li, TANG Xiao-Zhou, YAO Hui-Yuan, SHEN Ping, TAO Guan-Jun, QIN Fang
2005, 26(12):  98-102. 
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In this article we identified and purified four flavones from the leaves of Vaccinium Bracteatum Thunb. We also studied the functions scavenging O•2 and• OH of the flavones. We found that all the extracts have low IC50. Quercetin while the 6th extract has had the lowest IC50. It was around 5.9μgml.
Screening of the Proper Freeze-drying Protectants for Yoghurt Starter
HUANG Li-Jin, LU Zhao-Xin, YUAN Yong-Jun
2005, 26(12):  103-107. 
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Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the freeze-drying protective effect of sucrose, maltose, lactose, fructose, glucose, glycerol, manmtol, sorbitol, soluble starch, gelatin, ascorbic acid, sodium glutamate, L-cysteine hydrochloride and skim milk for yoghurt starter. Results showed that sucrose, glycerol, sorbitol and skim milk were the effective freeze-drying protectants for Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, while glycerol, sodium glutamate and skim milk were the best freeze-drying protectants for Streptococcus sativarius subsp. thermophilus.
Amino Acid Sequence Analysis of Opioid Antigonist Peptides from Rice Bran
CHEN Ji-Wang, TAO Guan-Jun, YAO Hui-Yuan, HUANG Tao-Ju, XIA Wen-Shui
2005, 26(12):  107-110. 
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The structure of opioid antigonist peptide from rice bran was analysised by using amino acid analyzer and RP-HPLC. The results showed that it was made up of Asp,Gly,Ser,Val and Arg, and its amino acid sequence was finally identified as Asp- Gly-Ser-Val-Arg.
Primary Antibiotic Investigation of Four Pharmaceutical Plants
A Bu-Du-La-?A-Ba-Si, TIAN Xu-Ping, HOU Xiu-Yun, SUN Hua, WANG Li, WANG Jing, HE Min-Xia, PA Ti-Gu-Li-?Ma-He-Mu-Ti
2005, 26(12):  111-114. 
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This paper studied on antimicrobial effect of medical plant. In other words, the antimicrobial circle, MIC and MBC were tested. The extracted constituents showed stability against high temperature. The results showed: the Berberis heteropoda pigment could effectively inhibit the growth of theE scherichiac oli, the calyx pigment ofP hysalis alkekengi coulde ffectively inhibit the growth of the Bacterium proteus, the concentrated liquid of Rhodiola sachalinensis could effectively inhibit the growth of the Bacillus subitilis, the concentrated liquid of Foeniculum vulgare Mill has no antimicrobial effect on the four bacteria.The MIC and MBC of the Berberis heteropoda pigment affecting 4 species of bacteria respectively were: and Bacillus subitilis: MIC 2. 5%, MBC 5.0%, Escherichia coli: MIC 5.0%, MBC 5.0%, Staphylococcus aurous: MIC 2.5%, MBC 5.0%, Bacterium proteus: MIC 1.25%, MBC 1.25%. The MIC and MBC of the calyx pigment of Physalis alkekengi respectively were: Bacillus subitilis: MIC 4.18%, MBC 4.18%, Escherichia coli: MIC 8.35%, MBC 8.35%, Staphylococcus aurous: MIC 4.18%, MBC 4.18%, and Bacterium proteus: MIC 4.18%, MBC 8.35%. The MIC and MBC of the concentrated liquid of Rhodiola sachalinensis respectively were: Bacillus subitilis: MIC 2.09%, MBC 4.18%, Escherichia coli: MIC 2.09%, MBC 2.09%, Staphylococcus aurous: MIC 8.35%, MBC 8.35%, and Bacterium proteus: MIC 4.18%, MBC 8.35%. The antimicrobial activity of the three extracts under high temperature was stable. However, the antimicrobe mechanism needed further study.
Application of Placket-Burman Design for Determining Key Factors on Mycelium Growth and Extracellular Polysaccharides Excretion of Ganoderma lucidum
CHEN Zhi-Jie, HAN Yong-Bin, SHEN Chang, CHEN De-Ming, GU Zhen-Xin
2005, 26(12):  115-118. 
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The Plackett-Burnam design was applied to screen out the key factors from the following eleven components, namely, glucose, sucrose, corn syrup powder, peptone, soybean bud juice, KH2PO4, Na2HPO4, MgSO4, ZnSO4•7H2O, VB1 and sodium glutamate, which would affect the mycelium growth and extracellular polysaccharides excretion of Ganoderma lucidum. With JMP software(version 4.0.5, SAS Institute Inc, USA)statistical analysis was performed. It was found that sucrose (p=0.0119), KH2PO4 (p=0.0111) and ZnSO4 (p=0.0024) were significant factors for mycelium growth; sucrose(p=0.0165), KH2PO4 (p=0.0103) and ZnSO4 (p=0.0019) were significant factors for extracellular polysaccharides excretion of Ganoderma lucidum.
Surviving Probability Modeling on the Growthno-growth Interface of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus Henrici in Fresh Apple Juices
LI Jun, WANG Zheng-Fu, GE Yi-Qiang, HU Xiao-Song
2005, 26(12):  118-123. 
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By means of three five-level variables for Central Composite Design (CCD), the growth and no growth situations of three strains, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Sarcina aurea Henrici under different conditions of temperature, pH and water activity (Aw) were studied with two-valued variables. Three mathematical models to predict the relations between the surviving probability and the growth control factors were established with Logistic Regression processing, and with the models the constraint conditions of bacteria survived in fruit juices were determined, and the coordinated effects of pH, Aw and temperature under critical conditions were analyzed. The predicted outcomes with the predicting models agreed with the experimental results for the above mentioned three bacteria. The surviving probability isoline under the conditions of 0.98 Aw with p=0.1 Could be used as a critical line of the bacteria surviving critical conditions to identify the pathagenic bacteria in the fresh apple juices.
The Usage of Transglutaminase in Chicken Sausage
SUN Jian, XU Xing-Lian, HUANG Hong-Bing, ZHOU Guang-Hong
2005, 26(12):  124-127. 
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Effects of reaction temperature, time and concentration of transglutaminase(TGase), sodium chloride and cooking temperature on texture of chicken sausage were studied in this paper. Results showed that the optimal temperature was 45℃; time was 2h and TGase concentration was 0.4%, at those conditions, hardness of chicken sausage was increased significantly (p<0.05). At the same time, when sodium chloride(NaCl) concentration was 2%, harder sausage could be made. And when the cooking temperature was 85℃, texture of the sausages could be assured.
Synthesis of Maltosyl(α-1→6)β-cyclodextrin through the Reverse Reaction of Pullulanase
CUI Bo, JIN Zheng-Yu
2005, 26(12):  128-131. 
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Maltosyl(α-1→6)β-cyclodextrin was synthesized from maltose and β-cyclodextrin, by using Bacillus acidopullulyticus pullulanase.The reaction product was determined by HPLC, IR and paper chromatography. Mal-β-CD has been separated by paper chromatography. The factors which affect the formation of Mal-β-CD have been studied and the optimum conditions were got as follows: 200Ugβ-CD of enzyme, molar ratio of maltose to β-CD as 12:1, a substrate concentration of 80%~85%, the pH of reaction mixture as 4.5, reaction temperature at 70℃ and reaction time 60 hours.
Study on Combined Operations of Soybean Isoflavones with Two Steps Method
WU Ding, LIU Chang-Jin, GAO Yu-Long, ZHOU Jian-Xin, YAO Ming-Lan, CHI Yuan, GAO Xia
2005, 26(12):  132-134. 
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 Wheat bran, maze flour and water(1:1)were mixed into the solid medium, and then sterilized (121℃,30min). The solid medium was inoculated in 3% WD201 strain, fermented at 30℃ for 5days, while β-glucosidase in the fermented medium was extracted with buffer liquid. The common nitrogen elements and 2.5% lactate had no effect on metabolism of WD201 strain which secretedβ-glucosidase. The purifiedβ-glucosidase showed the optimum catalysis conditions were: 30℃ and pH4.4~ 4.8 for 30min. The soybean isoflavone glucoside in soybean bran was extracted with 60% alcohol contained 2% CaCO3 at 50℃, then the interferential constitutents were extracted with petroleum ether and chloroform, and the isoflaovne glucoside in water phase were extracted with butanol. The isoflavone glucoside in butanol in special silica gel column were eluated again with acetone. The isoflavone glucoside was hydrolyed into pure isoflavones withβ-glucosidase at the optimum enzyme conditions, and protein and glucose were extracted through superfilter and processed by immobilized cell fermentation.
Determination and Removal of Flavonoids in Soluble Proteins from Defatted Wheat Germ
ZHU Ke-Xue, ZHOU Hui-Ming, QIAN Hai-Feng, LI Tian-Zhen
2005, 26(12):  135-138. 
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It is known that phenolic compounds possess a significant binding affinity for proteins. However, the protein- polyphenol interaction is the major cause of the dark colour and undesirable taste of vegetable protein products. Furthermore, it also influences functionality and nutritional bioavailability of food proteins. Flavonoids are the main phenolic compounds of wheat germ. Defatted wheat germ soluble proteins were prepared by two methods, and their flavonoid contents were determined, while 50% cold ethanol was tried to remove flavonoids in the protein products. The results showed that wheat germ albumins, globulins and protein isolates were obtained, and their protein contents were over 80%. The flavonoids content in wheat germ albumins was the highest, about 0.544%, while the protein isolates took the second place, and the globulins were the lowest. It was speculated that flavonoids in wheat germ mainly bound to albumins by certain interaction. The method of 50% ethanol could effectively remove the flavonoids in wheat germ soluble proteins, whereas 90% flavoniods were removed by washing three times.
Preparation of Compound Starter of Functional Kefir Yogurt
LIU Hui, LI Ping-Lan, XIONG Li-Xia, YI Xin-Xin, WANG Cui-Xia
2005, 26(12):  139-143. 
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In this paper, functional Kefir yogurt starter was produced by Lactococcus and Lactobacillus isolated from Kefir grains. The optimal fermentation conditions were determined by the three factors and two levels orthogonal experiments L9(34) . The optimal fermentation conditions were as follows: 2:1 of Cococus and Bacillus; 3% amount of inoculation; fermentation temperature 43℃. The Kefir yogurt products had excellent texture, smooth taste, moderate sweetness and acidities, dense alcohol and ester aroma, and short solidify time.
Effect of Ultra High Pressure Treatment on Quality-related Enzymes and Bacterium of Hami Melon (Cucumis Melo L.)Juice
MA Yong-Kun, LIU Wei, HU Xiao-Song
2005, 26(12):  144-147. 
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The paper systematically studied the residual activities of POD, PPO and LOX enzymes in Hami melon juice pressurized at 500MPa for 3~20min, and its bacteria total count, target spore bacteria and E.coli as safety index bacteria were also treated at the same condition. The results showed that at 500MPa for 20min treatment, the pressure tolerance of POD was greater than that of PPO and LOX, their residual activities were 81%, 8.06% and 6.84% respectively, the spores were pressure- resistant, E.coli was sensitive to ultra high pressure and the pressurized melon juice reached the safety standards of FDA on fruit and vegetable juice nonthermal processing and the domestic beverage standards.
Comprehensive Processing of Oil, Protein and Starch from Wheat Germ
SHU You-Qin, FU Qing-Quan
2005, 26(12):  147-151. 
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This paper studied the comprehensive processing of oil, protein and starch from wheat germ.The results showed that the optimal conditions for wheat germ oil extraction by supercritical CO2 fluid were: extracting pressure 30MPa, extracting temperature 50℃, and extracting time 2h. The optimal conditions for extraction of wheat germ protein by alkali-processing were: extracting pH value 10, extracting time 60min,extracting temperature 45℃, Solid liquid, and extracting rate 66.16%, and pH value of acid-depositing was 4.2, with yield rate 54.16%. The optimal conditions for extraction of wheat germ protein by papain- processing were: extracting time 60min, extracting temperature 60℃, and quantity of papain added 3000Ug, with extraction rate summed up to 97.98%, with pH value of acid-depositing 4.2, and yield rate 78.15%. After protein being extracted, wheat germ starch was get through remnant being wished by alkai solution.
Study on Strains Screening for SCP and Fermentation Conditions of Mixed-wastewater from Beer Industry
YUAN Jian-Min, ZHANG Zhong-Ming, WU Guo-Feng
2005, 26(12):  152-156. 
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Trials of SCP fermentation conditions and strains screening were conducted with three strains: Candida uticis, Saccharomyces fragilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using the mixed-wastewater of brewery. The results showed that for the single strain experiment, Candida uticis was the best strain for single cell protein(SCP) fermentation in mixed-wastewater of brewery. Its biomass and chemical oxygen demand(COD) reducing rate were the highest and the suitable project was obtained: strain: Candida uticis; inoculating quantity: 15% and 5%; culturing time: 72h and 48h, wastewater density: 1:3 and1:2 respectively; but for the mixed-strain’s test, the suitable project was: Candida uticis: Saccharomyces fragilis =1:1; inoculating quantity: 10% and 5%; incubating time: 72h and 24h.
The Optimum Acid-extraction Conditions of Soy Hull Pectin
ZHANG Qing-Xuan, YANG Pu-Jiang, YANG Guo-Hua
2005, 26(12):  156-159. 
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Acid-extraction of pectin from soybean hull was studied. The effects of temperature, pH, ratios of soybean hull to extraction solvent, extraction time on the yields of soybean hull pectin prepared were measured. The results showed that the optimum conditions were: extraction temperature 85℃, pH1.5 and ratios of soybean hull to extraction solvent 1:8, extraction time 30min.
The Breeding of High-yield Pectinase Producing Baterial Using He-Ne Laser and Studies on Its Optimal Fermentation Conditions
ZHU Hong-Li, SONG Ji-Rong, ZHANG Jia, HUANG Jie, XU Kang-Zhen
2005, 26(12):  160-164. 
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A mutant strain ZH-2 with high yield of pectinase was selected by He-Ne laser mutagenesis on protoplasts of the original one. The optimal fermentation conditions were investigated: initial pH7.0, temperature 33℃, with 2% citrus peel powder and 1% lactose as carbon source, 1% (NH4)2SO4 and 0.3% yeast extract paste as nitrogen source, after fermenting for 32h on a rotary shaker. By preliminary analysis of the pectinase produced by ZH-2, optimum conditions for enzyme catalysis were pH6.5 at 50℃. It was stable and even retained 90% activity after incubation at 50℃ for 60min.
Effect of Online Backflushing by Water Permeating on Fouling of UF Membrane for Processing Rapeseed Protein Solution
LIU Rui-Xing, DONG Jun-Ying
2005, 26(12):  165-169. 
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Ultrafiltration is a kind of advanced technology used for processing vegetable protein. But its application is badly limited by the membrane fouling problem. This paper reported the UF behavior of rapeseed protein solution in hollow-fibre UF system, and the effect of online backflushing by the water permeating on fouling of UF membrane for processing the rapeseed protein solution. The optimum parameters of backflushing technology used for online fouling controlling were obtained. The experiment showed that the UF rate declined with time extension, and that an effective approach to control the fouling degree was to periodically backflush the UF membrane at work for 20 seconds at intervals of 15min by permeating water at 0.2MPa pressure difference, which could renew more than 90 percent water permeating capability.
Production Silkworm Multi-amino Acid by Taking off Acid through Electrodialysis and Electriclysis
ZHOU Jian-Jun, WANG Jian-Hua, LI Xin-Sheng
2005, 26(12):  169-171. 
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The multi-amino acid from acid hydrolysate Silkworm chrysails protein was produced by electrodialysis and electrolysis. The results as following: the rate of multi-amino acid extraction was 67.9%, the content of seventeen kinds of multi- amino acid in the products was 82.04%, the rate of ash was 2.4%, and seven kinds of ash elements were determined, and that of K, Fe, Cu and Zn were higher than the others.
Study on Pretreatment Method for Determination of Oxalate in Vegetables by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography
DING Jian-Hua, LUO Ming-Biao, WANG Xing-Xiang, TU Qi-Wei
2005, 26(12):  172-175. 
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A method was established for the determination of oxalate in vegetables by Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography with a reversed-phase AtlantisTM C18 column(250mm×4.6mm ID, 5μm)as immobile phase. The general interfering factor NO3 in samples was eliminated by using the powerful anion exchange resin - Resin HZ201. When detected with an UV detector at 220nm, the calibration curve showed a linear range of 0.5~300μ gml with a coefficient of variation of 1.4%(n=10)and a detection limit of 23 ngml(SN=3). It was found that the method was sensitive, with high percent recovery(from 100.2% to 101.9%), little disturbance, convenient and low cost.
Determination of Content of Oleanolic Acid in Mung Bean, Red Bean, Lotus Seed and Jujube Respectively by HPLC
WU Bo, ZHANG Han-Jun
2005, 26(12):  176-178. 
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Oleanolic acid was important bioactive components in mung bean, red bean, lotus seed and jujube. The contents of these compounds in food were determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Nucleodur C18 column (250mm×4.6mmi.d., 5μm)was used with ethanol-water (80:20) as the mobile phase. The good linear relationships were obtained under the optimum conditions for each component. The recoveries of the standards added were 96.7%~101.5%, while the relatively standard deviations were within the range of 0.64%~2.89%.
Determination of cAMP in Ziziphus Jujuba by Macro Porous Resins SPE - RP-HPLC
XU Tao, PAN Jian, YUAN Chuan-Xun, JIN Ri-Sheng, KAI Gui-Qing
2005, 26(12):  179-181. 
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Objective:To develop a method for determination of cAMP in Ziziphus Jujuba by RP-HPLC. Method: Ziziphus Jujuba was cut up and extracted by 20% ethanol -water solution. The concentrated solution was purified by micro porous resins, with elution of pH and solvent gradient. The resultant extracts were separated on a Waters Xterra RP18 column (150mm× 3.9mm,5μm) and a mobile phase of methanol-0.050molL KH2PO4 (10:90) at a flow rate of 1.0mlmin and temperature (30 ±1)℃. The detection wavelength was 254nm. Results :In the chromatogram, cAMP was separated in baseline from other ingredient. cAMP had good linearity in the range of 0.08μ g to 0.8μ g with the correlation coefficients of 0.9999. The average recovery was 100.04% with RSD 1.21%(n=6). The method permitted detection limits was as low as 0.5 ng at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Conclusion: The method was swift, accurate, highly sensitive and good in repetition.
Cations Detemination of Na+,NH4+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+ in Fruits by Ion Chromatography
LIU Yu-Fen, XIA Hai-Tao, LIAN Gui-Xiang
2005, 26(12):  182-184. 
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The amount of Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ in five kinds of fruit (apple, pear, orange, pineapple, strawberry) were respectively separated and detected by ion chromatography. The chromatographic column is an cation-exchange column (IonPac CS12A 4250mm i.d). Sulfuric acid is used as eluent and detector is ECD-40 electrical conductivity detector. The external standard method is used for quantification analysis. The analysis results indicated that the five kinds of common cations linear relationship was good, with detection limits 0.01~0.1mgL. The recovery rates were between 93.2% and 102.7%. The relative standard deviations were among 0.72% and 3.92%. This method was of advantages of being simple, fast, accurate and effective to determine the contents of Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ in other foods .
Preparation of Fatty Acids Extraction of Two Kinds of Seaweeds and Analysis on the Fatty Acids of Them by GC-MS
LIANG Hui, LENG Kai-Liang, HE Juan, DONG Chun-Jing, SHI Da-Yong
2005, 26(12):  184-186. 
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To extract the fatty acids compounds from Laurencia tristicha and Rhodomela confervoides, the fatty acid contents of the two kinds of seaweeds were separated and identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) method. 17 and 18 peaks were separated respectively and 12 kinds of fatty acids were identified. The contents of the fatty acids were determined by using the normalization method. Laurencia ethanolic extraction contained 4 kinds of satutated fatty acids, 2 kinds of monounsaturated fatty acids and 6 kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids with the contents as 18.095%, 3.910% and 7.437%,respectively. Rhodomela ethanolic extraction contained the same types of fatty acids with the contents as 51.842%, 13.124% and 27.375%, respectively.
Study on the Analytical Methods of the Ginkgo Flavonoid in Different Parts of Ginkgo biloba L
LI Wen-Hong, WANG Feng, LI Duo-Wei, HAN Feng, GUO Ying-Juan, JIN Tang, GAO Xin
2005, 26(12):  187-189. 
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The constrast research on the analytical methods of the flavonoid compounds in different parts of Ginkgo biloba L were studied by using Soxhlet’s extracting method, spectrophotometer and HPLC were adopted to analyze the products. The Ginkgo flavoinoid contents assayed by the spectrophotometer and HPLC were compared so as to find a more accurate determination methods for Ginkgo flavoinoid. The result was that the content of Ginkgo flavoniod detected by spectrophotometer was generally higher than that of HPLC. But HPLC showed the advantages of little interference and good fidelity, and better expression of the immanent quality. So the HPLC was more rapid, accurate and reliable.
Catalytic Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Nitrite and Food Application
2005, 26(12):  189-190. 
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A new catalytic spectrophotometic method for determination of trace nitrite was developed. The method was based on the catalytic effect of NO2 on oxidation of orange Ⅳ by potassium bromate in H3PO4 medium. The detection limit for nitrite was 0.56×10-6gL.The linear range of the determination was 0.03~10.00μgml and the recovery was among 98.5%~100.4%. The method was applied to direct determination of nitrite in food with satisfactory results.
Determination of Inosinic Acid in Animal Muscles by HPLC
WU Ying-Ying, LI Wen-Ying, XIE Ming
2005, 26(12):  191-193. 
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The HPLC assay of inosinic acid in animal muscles was improved in this experiment. The separation was carried out with Waters AtlantisTM dC18 analytical column(5μm, Φ4.6mm×150mm). The mobile phase consisted of 50mmolL pH6.5 ammonium formate buffer and methanol (95:5, VV). The flow rate was 1mlmin and UV detection was monitored at 254nm. The HPLC was performanced at 25℃. The results showed that the relative standard deviation of inosinic acid in muscle was 1.11% and its recovery was 100.33%~101.67%. This method could be applied to assay inosinic acid content in raw meat food morea ccurately.
Mixed Surfactants to Enhance Sensitizing Effect in Sepectrophotometric Determination of Trace Zinc in Milk Powder
DU Juan
2005, 26(12):  193-195. 
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The sensitizing action of mixed surfactants(SDS-OP) in the ingrain reaction of zinc and xylenol orange developmentwas studied. With mixed surfactants SDS and OP, in a pH 5.4~6.0 buffer solution, the reaction formed a steady purplish red complex compound. The absorption maxima lied at 580 nm with its apparent molar absorptivity of 1.15×105Lmol•cm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 0.0~28.0μgml for zinc(Ⅱ). Equation was: A = 0.295C+0.001.
Improved Determination Method of Free Amino Acids in Soy Sauce by Capillary Electrophoresis with Indirect Ultraviolet Detection
FU Chong-Gang, YANG Dong-Zhi, WANG Li-Xin
2005, 26(12):  196-198. 
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Byc apillarye lectrophoresisw ithi ndirectu ltravioletd etection, sixa minoa cids, namely alanine, serine, valine, leucine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were detected in Tris (pH=10.50) where benzoic acid was taken as its setting electrolyte. Under the optimum conditions, these six amino acids were well separated within 5 minutes. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the method was better than 5%. The linear calibration range was 10~1000μmolL and the detection limit were 2.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.0, 3.5 and 5.0μmol L respectively. Their recoveries were all in the range of 95.73%~104.46%.
Separation and Identification of Synthetic Antigen of Diethylstilbestrol by Using HPLC-MS
ZHU Dong-Hui, XU Chuan-Lai
2005, 26(12):  199-201. 
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Using liquid chromatography spectrometry (ESI), phase B (methyl alcohol), phase A (water), 0.3mlmin of flow rate, a linear gradient from 60% to 100% of phase B and eluate for 25 minutes on a Lichrospher C-18 column, diethylstilbestrol andi t’sd erivatesc is (tran)- diethylstilbestrol- mno- ether-butyrate-ethyl( DES-MEBE),d iethylstilbestrol-di-ether-butyrate- ethyl (DES-DEBE) were separated and identified. The conjugates of DES-MCPE with proteins as complete antigens were prepared by the mixed anhydride method and the conjugation rate of them were analyzed by UV scanning. The results demonstrated that the isomerization was present in cis and tans of DES and it’s derivates, which was effected obviously by polar solvents. And through calculation the conjugation rate was 10.
Study on Preparation of Rape Pollen Polysaccharide and Its Effect on Tumor-bearing Mice
YANG Xiao-Ping, LUO Zu-You, WU Mou-Cheng
2005, 26(12):  202-204. 
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 Preparation of rape pollen polysaccharide (RPP) in rape bee-pollen was studied in this paper. Through transplantable animal tumor, the anti-tumor effect of RPP and the relationship between anti-tumor and antioxidant effect were investigated in comparison with Cy. The results showed that RPP could significantly inhibit the growth of tumor, and the inhibition rate of 200mg kg•d dosage group was 51.26%. RPP could remarkably increase SOD and GSH-Px activity, decrease LDH activity and MDA content in serum. The anti-tumor effect of RPP might be due to enhancing its antioxidant capacity in tumor-bearing mice.
Antioxidation Effects of Vinegar on Ageing Accelerating Model Mice
2005, 26(12):  205-208. 
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Objective: Antioxidation activities of vinegar in ageing-accelerating model mice were studied in this paper. Methods: Hengshun vinegar were concentrated to 13 of initial volume, and neutralized to pH6~7 or so. Amount of total phenolic compounds and total flavones in vinegar were determined. Mice (2 months age) were divided into five groups: ageing accelerating model and young control group, while the control group was gavage instilled normal saline. Vinegar groups were instilled 1.2, 0.6, 0.3gkg•d for 35 days respectively. MDA, SOD and GSH-Px of mice plasm were measured and liver index and spleen index were determined. Results: Hengshun vinegar (1.2gkg•d) could reduce the level of MDA, and increase the activities of SOD and GSH-Px. Hengshun vinegar may inhibit the reduction of liver index and spleen index. Hengshun aromatic vinegar (0.6gkg• d) might inhibit the reduction of GSH-PxLPO ratio caused by instilling D-galactose. Conclusion : Hengshun vinegar has shown antioxidation activities.
Optimization of Sugar in Compressed Biscuit and Evaluation of Its Function
RUAN Mei-Juan, ZHU Hua-Ping, WANG Yue-Peng
2005, 26(12):  208-211. 
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 Oligomaltose, fructose syrup, malt dextrin, starch dextrin and polydextrose were grouped as additive carbohydrate sources for making compressed biscuit. Experimental rats were fed with the grouped saccharides for assessment of blood sugar level. The rats’ blood sugar level was maintained above 5 mmolL for 4.5 h after the feeding of the mixture of oligomaltose and malt dextrin (1:1). This results showed that the rats’ blood sugar level was higher than that fed with other monosaccharides or saccharide mixtures. Meanwhile, the function evaluations of by the blood sugar test, liver glycogen test and swimming trial showed that saccharide mixtures could enhance anti-fatigue function.
Research on Scavenging Effect on Radical and Inhibiting Effect on Lipid Peroxidation of Different Apple Polyphenol Extracts in vitro
CHEN Wei-Jun, FANG Lin, QI Xiang-Yang, ZHANG Li-Qin, YANG Er-Ning, XIE Bi-Jun
2005, 26(12):  212-215. 
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Objective: To study the scavenging effects on hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxidized anion radical (O2 •) and malondialdehyde (MDA) generated by lipidperoxidation of different apple polyphenol extracts. Methods: The DR spectro- photometry and improved TBA spectrophotometry and solvent box method were used to determined the scavenging effects on• OH, O•2and MDA. Results: Different apple polyphenol extracts all had antioxidant effects, but in different antioxidant systems, different apple polyphenol extracts had different antioxidant effects, and the antioxidant effects of AP I and AP II showed better. Conclusion: Apple polyphenol extracts had antioxidant activity. The main antioxidant components were phenols and proanthocyandins oligomer with low 
molecular weight.
Study on Functional Properties of Sweet Potato Glycoprotein ——An in vitro Antitumor and Ames Tests
2005, 26(12):  216-218. 
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Functional properties of glycoprotein extracts from two sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas LAM.)cultivars were conducted. The results showed that both subject samples were significantly antimutagenic and the antimutigenicity was correlated to the applied dosage (0~5 000μ gdish) by Ames test, and the samples could inhibit the growth of COS-1, SHG-44, and SKOV3 cells, the minimum dosage was 1.5μgml, according to in vitro tumor cell cultivation.
Effect of Brain Strengthener of Blood-defect Rat
LI Jiu-Chang, LIU Cheng, MA Ting-Jun
2005, 26(12):  219-220. 
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24 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: sham lesion group, saline group, hygenical dose group, remedica dose group. After the blood-defective operation, the first group eat food freely. The others were fed with 0.3g300g saline, 0.3g300g trial solution, 0.5g300g trial solution, twice in a day. The movement was observed. After 10 days, the activities of SOD, ATPase were higher than that in saline group, the LPO levels in remedica dose group were lower than that in saline group(p<0.05). Brain- strengthener was medicable to the blood-effective functional disorder.
Effect of Lotus Leaves Procyanidin on Life-span of Drosophila Melanogaster and MDA and SOD in Mice
2005, 26(12):  221-223. 
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The paper studied on the test of survival of fruit fly and experiment of Anti-oxidant of mouse with procyanidin from lotus leaf as functional facts. The test of survival of fruit fly showed that average life of two dose group of female group in 0. 60% and 0.20% and male group whose dose was 0.60% was longer than comparison group markedness. The average life of three dose group in 0.022%, 0.20% and 0.60% of female was longer than comparison group remarkable respectively. The average life of two dose group in 0.60% and 0.20% of male was longer than comparison group markedness too. Half death time of two dose in 0.60% and 0.20% of female and male was longer than comparison group remarkable. The results of experiment of rat anti-oxidant showed that MDA content of high dose group was lower than senile comparison group. The MDA content of middle and low dose group was lower than senile comparison group. The activity of SOD in middle and low dose group was higher than senile comparison group remarkednees. All experiments showed that the OPC in lotus leaf had the capabilities of increasing SOD activity of senile mouse and reducing the content of MDA.
Effect of Trichothecium roseum to Volatile Compounds of Postharvest Melon‘ Yindi’
JIANG Yu-Mei, BI Yang, LIANG Qi, ZHOU Xiao-Ping, ZHOU Wei
2005, 26(12):  224-226. 
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The volatile compounds were analysed and observed by headspace from cavity of muskmelons connecting with GC or GCMS. Researching effect of Trichothecium roseum to the relative concentration of volatile compounds in cave of melon during storage. The results showed that Trichothecium roseum stimulated the release of volatile compounds in cave of melon during storage. But different volatile compounds had different variation.
Inhibitory Effect of Clove Essential Oils on Growth of Postharvest Pathogen of Fruits and Vegetables
GUAN Wen-Qiang, LI Shu-Fen
2005, 26(12):  227-230. 
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Essential oils of several spices and herbs have shown strong antimicrobial activity and exhibited important prospect in exploitation of natural fungicides. This study has compared the inbibitory response of some important postharvest fungi to thec lovee ssentialo ils extractedr espectivelyb y supercriticalC O2,s team distillationa nd direct-waterd istillation.C lovee ssential oils showed apparent inhibitory effect on main pathogens to cause postharvest decay of grape, jujube, peach and garlic shoot. 600mgL clove essential oil could wholly inhibit the growth of Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternate and Penicillium expansum. 500mgL clove essential oil could inhibit the growth of Botytis cinerea to cause decay of peach and garlic stem by 79.3% and 85.7%, respectively. Among the three extraction methods, the order of antimicrobial efficacy was shoot distillation, supercritical CO2 extraction,a nd direct-waterd istillation.
Effects of Two-stage Heat Treatment on Storage Quality of Harvested Broccoli
DONG Hua-Qiang, NING Zheng-Xiang, WANG Yue-Hua, HUANG Jian-Bo, LIN Li-Chao
2005, 26(12):  231-234. 
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Heat treatment is an effective measure for postharvest storage of broccoli. On the basis of the previous experiment, to take the optimum single temperature heat treatment as a comparison the harvested broccoli were instead treated by different combinations of two-stage heat treatment. The heat-treated broccoli were stored at usual commercial conditions as 5℃ for 10 d, then transferred to 20℃for 3 d. The storage qualities such as yellowing rate, mold spreading rate, chlorophyll content, cell membrane permeability, and peroxidase activity of the stored broccoli were assayed. The results demonstrated that the storage qualities of the two-stage heat treated broccoli were improved significantly in comparion with the single temperature heat treated broccoli, and the other detected indexes of the two-stage heat treated broccoli also exhibited intendency benefit to keeping the storage quality.
Study on Designing Modified Atmospheres Storage and Determining the Fit Composition of Gas of Asparagus
ZHOU Zhi-Cai, WANG Mei-Lan, LI Chang-Hai
2005, 26(12):  235-237. 
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The balance of the respiration of the vegetables and the permeation through the plastic films could be gotten in certain conditions and could spontaneously control the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the storage preservation bags. Thus, we designed the MAP for asparagus by means of changing the thickness (D), the area (A) and the storagen (W) of the films to control the gas composition inside the package. On the basis of a large amount of experiment data, a modified atmosphere storage package for asparagus was designed by computer regression, which could store asparagus in a fit composition of gas (3.2%~8.3% O2, 3.5%~5.3% CO2) and keep the asparagus fresh and delicious.
Basic Framework for the Safety Assessment and Management System of Genetically Modified Food
YANG Chang-Ju
2005, 26(12):  238-242. 
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The significance of safety assessment and management system of genetically modified food was discussed. Based on the connotation and extension of the safety of genetically modified food, basic framework and its operation mechanism for safety assessment and management system of genetically modified food were focused.
Detection and Safety Evaluation of Phthalic Acid Esters in Food
2005, 26(12):  242-245. 
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Phthalic acid esters (PAEs), the typical representation of environmental estrogen, could be enriched gradually in organisms through food chain and exhibited biological toxicity such as carcinogenic, mutagenicity, destroying immunity and procreation function. They are organic contamination endanger the descendant. This study reviewed the species, biological toxicity and food safety and detection method. The further research interests on food safety of the PAEs was also refered.
A Design on the Frame of Food Safety Pre-Warning System in China
TANG Xiao-Chun, GOU Bian-Li
2005, 26(12):  246-250. 
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Food safety problems emerge frequently, such as SARS and Avian Flue broken out recently in varieas countries, which are challenges to our national food safety system. As a developing country, we should establish a suitable food safety pre- warning system and improve the competences of defending and controlling food safety problems. This paper put forward a framework of food safety pre-warning system by a way of framing function modules, and emphasizes on the study of the information source system and warning analysis system and reaction and rapid response system.
Roview on the Safety Problem of Food
ZENG Ming, PENG Shan-Shan
2005, 26(12):  250-253. 
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Expatiated the safety evaluate of food:the safety problem of transgene food,the food pollution from antibiotic,the remain of pesticide,the chemistry material, microorganism of pathogeny and the food process.Bring forward the food safety system:mastered the knowledge of food safety,advanced the subscribe ability of recognize food,ameliorated the habit bite and sup,abolished the incivilizationed method of bite and sup,and the essentiality of constitute the safety standard of food and executed the rule and the ordinance about the food safety law.Advocated improving the zoology agriculture and the unpolluted, safe,high quality green food.Depend on the superintend to the whole process of food produce and circulate,actualize the HACCP manage,ensure the safety of food.
Advance on Gardenia Pigment Study
TANG Xing-Jun, LU Lin-Hai
2005, 26(12):  254-256. 
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Gardenia yellow from Gardenia fruit is natural pigment and can be used widely. Gardenia blue and gardenia red also can be made from gardenia fruit. The paper reviewed the advance on extraction and refining of gardenia yellow and reasons of gardenia yellow easy to become green. Meanwhile, it introduced the research progress of gardenia blue and gardenia red.
Studies on Application of Pig Blood Nitrosohemoglobin in Meat Product
ZHENG Li-Hong, CHEN Shang-Wu, REN Fa-Zheng
2005, 26(12):  257-260. 
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When proper nitrosohemoglobin as colorant was added in sausage, the color was very closed to the chromophoric effect of NaNO2, excelling the pigmentation effect of monascus pigment. So it was feasible for nitrosohemoglobin as colorant of meat product and substitution of nitrite to be added in high temperature.
Experimental Study on Production of Xanthan Gum by Fed-Batch Fermentation
CHANG Chun, MA Xiao-Jian, FANG Shu-Qi, LI Hong-Liang, WANG Juan, DENG Sheng-Lin
2005, 26(12):  261-264. 
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Production of xanthan gum by fed-batch fermentation was studied. Carbohydrate source hydrolyzed for 20 minutes can promote the production of xanthan gum, and the best DE value was 32.5%. The effect of initial sugar content, the component of feeding medium, the adding time and the way of feeding on production of xanthan gum was studied further by orthogonal experiments. The best initial sugar content and adding time and feeding way are 4%, 24h and exponential way respectively, and the feeding medium include 0.1% peptone is more adaptable. The final kinetics analysis reveals fed-batch fermentation is prior to batch fermentation.
Study on Processing Technology of Natural Drinks Made from Opuntia dilleniihaw and Pineapple
XIAO Mei, WANG Sheng-You, QIAN Zhi-Feng, PU Yi
2005, 26(12):  264-269. 
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Variance analysis of the data of an orthogonal experiment to study different processing technologies and formulations for the production of natural drinks made from Opuntia dilleniihaw and Pineapple showed that the optimum formulation was 35% of the clear juice of Opuntia dilleniihaw and pineapple, 0.2% of citric acid potassium, 8% of sucrose, 2.8%of honey, 0.4% of citric acid and 53.6% of water. In a small -scale production experiment, it was concluded that the optimum stabilizer combination was 0.20% of CMC-Na+0.01% of xanthan gum+0.15% of pectin.
Report of Develop About Peanut Gel-food
FENG Xue-Yu, ZHANG Chao, HOU Mao
2005, 26(12):  269-272. 
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According to the properties of peanut protein sediment and coagulation under a certain condition, the peanut gel- food has been developed by adding a CaCl2. The results showed that the product has a special favor of peanut and nice cooking capability, and the obtaining-rate of vitamine E , protein and fat is 81.2%, 92.3%, 82.1%, respectively.
Studies on the Optimum Extraction Process of Flavonoids from Apoacynum venetum Leaves
MA Ting-Jun, LIU Cheng, LI Jiu-Chang, ZENG Hui-Ming
2005, 26(12):  273-274. 
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Flavonoids from Apoacynum venetum leaves were prepared according to a L9(34) orthogonal test plan. The relationship between extracting conditions and yield of flavonoids extracted from Apoacynum venetum leaves was investigated. Experiment results showed that using 50% alcohol as extracting solvents, at 40℃, 1h and 1:30.