The rheological properties of a kind of tomato paste, the solid content of which was 23% w/w, were measured bya coaxial viscometer RV-II. The dependence of its viscosity on the shear rate and temperature was obtained. Then apparentviscosity of tomato paste depended on the share rate in the form of the power law. The zero-shear viscosity was obtained byusing Spencer-Dillon equation. The thermal dependence of the viscosity was characterized by the activation energy of viscousflow, which was derived from Andrade equation.

Recently a new antibacterial peptide had been purified from a trypsin hydrolyzates of bovine casein. The antibacterialactivity of Trpi (Tyr-rich polypeptide) was primarily studied in this work. The results demonstrated that the peptide showedgreat inhibitory activity against a number of microorganisms, especially Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This findingsuggest that Trpi had a remarkable prospects of academic and applicable values.

The nitrate content of 70 samples of 9 main vegetables varieties in Zhenjiang was investigated separately. The resultsshowed that the nitrate content of root, shoot and leaf vegetables was seriously higher than the standard level, such as Chinesecabbage, crowndaisy chrysanthemum, celery, radish, water spinach and three-colored amaranth. Lettuces were pollutedintermediately, while romaine lettuces and potatoes less. Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in different tissues of differentvegetables increased with the inducement of 50mmol/L KNO3 solution, but the rule of variation was dissimilar. NRA in differentvegetable leaves was also enhanced after seedlings were dipped in various concentration of KNO3 solution for 2h, but the peakvalue’s concentration of KNO3 solution was different. The vegetable with higher NRA had better nitrate resistance, and the activitytime of high NRA was longer after being induced by nitrate.

The thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of three adsorbents, PA, H103 and XAD-4 were systematicallyinvestigated during their adsorption on Tea Polyphenols (TP). The thermodynamics showed that the adsorption isotherms ofthese three adsorbents all belonged to the preferential isotherm and could be described by the Langmiur equation. The kineticsindicated that PA and H103 were intermediate speed adsorbents, while XAD-4 is low speed adsorbent during their applicationson TP. The equilibrium constants of PA, H103 and XAD-4 were KPA=1.461h-1,KH103=1.198h-1,KXAD-4=0.498h-1 respectively.

This paper made a through study for many characteristics of polyphenol oxidase of Japan Qiannian number twoeggplant.The results showed that its optimum pH was 6.8,and the optimum temperature was around 30℃.It had less heatstability,and lost 87.57% when it had been heated at 100℃ for 1min.VC,citric acid,NaHSO3,Na2SO3,EDTA-2Na and other colorpreserving agents had inhibiting effect on the activity of polyphenol oxidase,where VC was the most effective inhibitor.

Wheat gluten was deamidated by hydrochloric acid. The experiments showed that the optimal conditions were:the concentration of HCl 0.3mol/L,wheat gluten 12.5g/100ml, reaction time 5h and temperature 65℃.After deamidation, thesolubility and emulsifying activity of wheat gluten were improved greatly.

In the paper, the effects of concentration, temperature, shearing, and pH on the viscosiry of sophora alopecuroidesgum and the synergy with xanthan gum were studied. The results showed that the sophora alopecuroides gum was one of thegood thickening agents. It was a non-Newton fluid, stable in acid and alkali, and had strong synergic effect with xanthan gum, soit should be worthy to be developed and utilized .

The activity of β-galactosidase produced by both L.acidophilus Ind-1 and L.acidophilus Lakcid was studied byusing MRS as culture medium. The results showed that the extraction rate of β-galactosidase was higher using 1%SDS:chloroform=1:10 to break the cell wall; that 2.229μ moleONP/L.min and 1.808μmoleONP/L.min β-galactosidase were formedby the two stains after 36h culture at 37℃;and that the math models of this enzyme accumulated in MRS were Logistic andMistcherlich.

Stuffing pressing by means of screw extrusion is a common procedure in realizing food feeding, squeezing, and mixingduring food manufacturing.The food flow dynamics determined during screw extrusion could be used to provide the necessaryconditions for researching food producing techniques and equipments. Focusing on the food with the characteristics of powerrule and no-Newtonian fluidity, the paper predigested and expended the existing screw extrusion flow models and formulas, andpresented a model modification method - comprehensive coefficient modification method.

Based on screening out the strain of Acetobacter xylinum C2 to produce bacterial cellulose under the agitated conditions, theeffects of different culture conditions on the production of bacterial cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum were studied. The results showed thatthe optimal fermentation conditions were: temperature 27℃,the pH 4.5, 50ml medium per 250ml flask, 160r/min, and 204h.

Extraction and stability of coffee oil from spent coffee grounds were investigated.The results showed that coffee oilwas stable to heating, storing oxidation. However, it was sensitive to light.

The puffing food, based on chicken and starch as raw materials, was developed by single screw extruder. The effectsof feed moisture content(X1), feed material size(X2) and feed composition(X3) on degree of gelatinization(Y1) and extrusion rate(Y2) were studied respectively. And a rotatable and central composition design was adopted to obtain data for the correlativestatistical models, Y1=95.8125+0.4825X1-0.15625X2+0.39625X3+0.52375X12-0.3475X1X2-0.235X1X3-0.7675X22+0.275X2X3-2.2838X32、Y2=0.898277-0.076283X1-0.220356X3+0.106479X12-0.19874X1X3. Through the response sur-face analysis of experimental data, the optimal feeding parameters of extrusion were determined, i.e. feed moisture content18%～22%, material size 12～16 mesh and feed composition up to 50%.

In this paper the technogical conditions for extracting lutein from marigold (Tagetes erecta), including NaOHconcentrations in saponification and extraction time and times were investigated. Lutein products were analysed by thin-layerchromatography on silica plates.

This paper discussed the way to obtain yellow pigment from Cape jasmine:First, put Cape jasmine into alcohol.The mixed liquid was drawn and extracted, Second, the solid and liquid were separated. Third, filtration of micro-membrane andconcentration of vacuum membrane were carried out. Fourth, yellow pigment was obtained through vacuum extraction by ultra-critical CO2. The rate of extraction, purification and colour of the product were very much promoted in comparison with thetraditional technology and skill.

This subject compared different methods of extracting wheat germ oil with the method of refining wheat germ oilthrough supercritical CO2 fluid. The results showed that the vitamin E content in wheat germ oil extracted with diethyl ether washigher than that with ethanol in 90%;the optimum content was obtained at the conditions of P=33MPa and T= 45℃ throughsupercritical CO2 extraction, but more vitamin E was got at the conditions of P=19MPa and △t = 9℃ through supercritical CO2rectification.

In this paper, Brine Shrimp eggs was hydrolyzed to produce the amino acid hydrolysate by using papain and trypsin.The ratio of the two enzymes was 1:1. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were determined by orthogonal test: the substrateconcentration 7.5%, the amount of protease 35000U/g substrate, temperature 50℃, pH7 and hydrolytic time 7h. The proteinhydrolysis rate was 45.18% in this condition. The amino acid hydrolysate was made into a nourishing amino acid beverage. Thebeverage formula was 6% hydrolysate, 10% sugar, 0.25% citric acid and 0.2%β-cyclodextrins. The beverage consisted of 17amino acids, and the content of essential amino acids was 300mg/100ml.

This paper has studied the method and conditions of extracting and purifing superoxide dismutase from Rhodotorulasp..The ratio activity of SOD was 2297.20U/mg, the yield ratio of rough enzyme solution was 89.94% and the purification timesas much 11.

The phytic acid was extracted with delipid corn blastula by immersion, neutralization, acidification, ion exchange andevaporation. The average yield of abstraction phytin form the delipid corn blastula was 75%, and the average yield of conversionphytic acid from phytin was 77.02%.

Based on low content of active ingredients of Chinese herb, and the principle of supercritical dilute solution extractionand the fundamental principle of solvent extraction, we prepared the extract of ginkgo biloba L. as experimental material toinvestigate the effect of ratio of liquid to solid material, extraction temperature and extraction time on pre-treatment of supercriticalCO2 extracting and crystallizing ginkgolides via single factor experiments. The results showed with that 20 times more volumesolvent (40% acetone-60% ether) the optimum conditions were: 45℃ extraction temperature, extraction 2 times and 4h everytime and ratio of extraction more than 95%, the ginkgolide yield was more than 16%. The method of determination was extractand steady.

A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the separationof 5 organic acids and quantitative determination of lactic acid in fermented broth. The results showed that this method wasaccurate, simple, rapid and reproducible.

As main ingredients, sucrose, glucose and fructose in jujube could be simultaneously determined by capillaryelectrophoresis with electrochemical detection. The three species could be well separated within 15min under optimizedconditions. The effects of detection potential, concentration of electrolyte, separation voltage and injection time on the analyticalcharacterization were investigated. A copper electrode was used as the working electrode with the detection potential of +0.75V(vs. Ag/AgCl). The solutions of 0.1 mol/L NaOH were chosen as the electrophoretic media. Good linear relationship betweenpeak current and concentration existed in the range of 0.002～2 mmol/L for the three analytes studied. Good sensitivity andprecision was obtained under the optimized conditions with the detection limits of 0.78、0.46、0.71μmol/L(3 times S/N)andpeak height RSDs(n=7,c=0.4mmol/L) of 2.13%,1.22%,0.26% for sucrose, glucose and fructose respectively.

The isomerization of methyl ester of cottonseed oil by the catalyst iodine was investigated.By the methods of GC-MSand UV,the constituents of isomerized products were analysed.UV absorbancy curves of measured samples at different concentra-tions were plotted,and the linear relationship of absorbancy and samples’ concentration was determined.Combined with GC-MSanalysis results,the empirical formula for the quantitation of conjugated linoeic acid from isomerized products was obtained.

Solid phase microextraction was used to extraction haxene in edible oils. Soybean oil was used as simulated matrixto make calibration curves, which were linear in the range of 0.5～150mg/kg. The RSD was less than 6.2.

The GC-MS assay was used to analyse the composition of the essential oil extracted from Zanthoxylum bungeanumMaxim-grown in Yi Chuan (in the north of Shensi Province). 49 components were isolated and 36 compounds identified.Theessential oils were found to be rich in 9-alkene-18-carbonic acid ethylester(8.33%), palmitic acid ethyl ester(7.20%),α- Terpined(7.09%), Linalool(7.03%) and Eucalyptol(6.06).

The regression equation Y=0.949A+0.0002 and r=0.9992 of the relationship between concentration and absorbancewas established by determining the total content of flavones, in Qianshan semen cassias, assayed by the method of ethanolSoxhlet extraction and the method of spectrophotometers with the standard sample of rutin.

The components and contents of fatty acid in common edible vegetable oile were analyzed and determined with newreagents by gas chromatography.The experiment conditions involved were optimized and their normal contents were obtained.By testing the adulterated and imitated common edible vegetable oils,the variational regularity of the fatty acid components andcontents were obtained. The new method for discerming the adulterant from the gemuine by gas chromatography was established,which could idemtify the common kinds of edible vegetable oils,determine the oils adulteration rapidly and analyze the oils bothqualitatively and quantiatively.262 pieces of oil samples sold in the market were spot-tested with thes method,in which 83pieces of adulterated sesame oil,47 pieces of adulterated rape oil,23 pieces of adulterated peanut oil, and 11 pieces of olive oilwere checked out respectively, accounting for 10%～95% totally.It indicated that the method has been feasible and effective.

With n-hexane extraction, the qualitative and quantitative analyses of alkylphenolic acids in Chinese patent medicineGBE (Ginkgo Bilobu Extract) were carried out with liquid chromatography-UV detector and mass spectrometry detector. Then-hexane was proven to be a very efficient extracting reagent, and few interfering materials were coextracted. Under the optimizedexperimental conditions, the recovery was 98.9%(n=5), the detection limit was 0.1μg/g, and the linear range was between 0.5～10μg/g for Ginkgo Biloba alkylphenolic acid of molecular weight of 346.

The contents of residue chloramphenicol in 3 sawples of fresh cultured prawn and 2 sawples of exported culturedprawn from Zhanjiang aquatic products market were determined by RIA. The result showed that the limit of determination ofRIA method was 0.15×10-12. The content, of remained chloramphenicol in samples kinds of fresh cultured prawn were higher than0.15×10-12, and was lower than 0.15×10-12 in 2 exported samples of cultured prawn. It suggested that RIA could be used as anefficacious method for determining on residue chloramphenicol in aquatic products.

A comprehensive and scientific evaluation had been made on the toxicity of Gynura divaricata in South China. Theresults were shown as follows: During 7 days period of observation after a treatment with a LD50>10000mg/kg•bw bymouth, The G. divaricata caused an increase of sperm abnormality in mice. The 30 days feeding with G. divaricata had no obviousinfluence on the growth of the mice, but the medium and high dose feeding could cause an increase of ALP, and a decrease of BUNand CREA in the mice. Pathological detection indicated that high-dose feeding resulted in damage to spleen, liver, kidney etc. Inthe animal tests, it proved that G. divaricata might have an accumulative toxicity.

Objective: To observe the inhibition effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on germ cells’ damage inducedby chemicals. Methods: Comet assay was used to determine the frequencies of cells with tail moment and the tail lengths. Fourgroups were divided: normal control group; positive control group with testicle cells given hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)only; LBPcontrol group with testicle cells cultured with different concentration of LBP and LBP+H2O2 group with testicle cells treatedby different concentrations of LBP for 1h firstly ,and then cultured with H2O2 for 25min. Results: LBP at all conconcentrationscould markedly decrease the frequencies of cells with tail moment and the tail lengths of testicle cells treated by H2O2,and thedosage-response relationships were apparent between them. Conclusions: LBP could inhibit testicle cells’ damage induced byH2O2, hence enhance the significant protective action to germ cells.

kinds of black teas,9 kinds of Chinese green tea and 18 kinds of Japanese green tea , 9 kinds of Oolong tea and9 other varieties of tea were used to repress against mutation of 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido- (4,3-b)-indole (Trp-P-1) and1-nitropyrene (1-NP) in the experiments. The results of antimutagenic activity suppression were carried out for comparisonanalysis on influencing factors according to the tea categories. The antimuagenic activity results of all assayed tea samples to resistTrp-P-1 were stronger than those of resist-1-NP. The average suppression on Trp-P-1 showed that for black tea it was about84.62%, for Oolong tea about 56.09%, for green tea about 48.34% and for 6 kinds of roasted green tea about 64.05%. The averagesuppression percentage of all tea samples on 1-NP was only 18.09%～24.03% and did not display the difference for differenttea categories significantly. During process the temperatures on the anti-mutation resulted great effect, such as 170 ℃ for 10 minuteson roasted green tea would cause suppression on Trp- P-1 mutation to increase 45.4%～70.2% and on 1-NP mutation to increase45.08%～108.9%.

Objective: To study the efficacy of Siraitia grosvenori powder and its extracts on blood glucose in normal and diabeticmice. Methods: Normal mice and alloxan-induced diabetic mice were fed Siraitia grosvenori powder and its extracts at dosage of0.5、1.0、3.0g/kg•bw respectively for 30d. The blood glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of diabetic miceand normal mice were assayed. Results: Siraitia grosvenori powder and its extracts had no effect on the weight, blood glucoseand oral glucose tolerance of normal mice. Siraitia grosvenori powder at dose of 3.0g/kg•bw and Siraitia grosvenori extractsat dose of 0.5～1.0g/kg•bw could significantly lower the fasting blood glucose and blood glucose of 30min in oral glucose tolerancetest (OGTT) in diabetic mice. Farthermore the hypoglycemic effect decreased with the increase of dose of Siraitia grosvenoriextracts, but the increase of dose of Siraitia grosvenori powder showed better blood glucose-lowering effect increased. Conclusion:Siraitia grosvenori powder and its extracts had anti-diabetic preventive activity.

Colony forming units in raw fish material and sashimi were determined to evaluate the food-derived hygienic condition.Results showed that colony forming unit in raw fish material reached to 104 cfu/g and decreased to below102 cfu/g after processingand addition of Ginger, soy sauce and vinegar into various flavor sashimi. The contaminants in dishes resulted from fish. Safetyand hygiene of sashimi was guaranteed by processing sterility, heating with spices and refrigeration.

The sterilization capability of ozone is 3 times that of chloride, and the sterilization speed of ozone is 300 to 600times faster than that of chloride. With the advantage of no residue, and the specificity of the nonthermal sterilization, ozone isspecially suitable for the sterilization and fresh-keeping of fresh-cut vegetables. Experiments on the application of ozone to thefresh-cut celery showed that: after celery was immersed in the water mixed with ozone at the concentration of 0.3mg/L for 10minutes, the microbes at its surface was degraded 102 in numerical count; its enzyme activity was lowered 50%; its inspirationintensity was lowered 80%; its vitamin C was not destroyed; and its sensory evaluation was good; it could be preserved for 20days at most at the temperature of 4℃.

In this paper, the physiological and biochemical changes of DongZao under the conditions of low pressure werestudied.The Optimum storage pressures tested for jujube fruits were sifted. Results of the study could be expressed as follows:Hypobaric storage slowed down markedly the loss rate of VC (at 0.5% level), inhibited the decrease of firmness and the increaseof TSS content significantly at 20.265kPa (at 1% level), inhibited the PPO activity and slowed down the relative conductivityand the browning rate of jujube fruits.

A series of chitosan-metallic ion compounds were prepared and the perservative property was studied by filmingexperiments for keeping strawberry. Optimum antistaling agent film was chosen for CTS-X. Good effects of keeping strawberryfresh were achieved.

Pingguoli was used as raw material to study the effect on pingguoli alternaria rot treated with sodium silicate. Theresults showed that sodium silicate could resist the growth of Alternaria alternata in vitro test. The treatment with 100mmol/Lsodium silicate could improve the resistant ratio to 94.5%.

The effects of 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR) and VC treatments on browning and quality of fresh-cut Lotus (Nelumbonucifera Gaertn. cv.BaiHua) stored at 4℃ were investigated. The results showed that treatment with 0.01% 4-HR (treatmentA) or 0.01% 4-HR plus 0.5% VC (treatment C) significantly inhibited the browning process in storage, maintained low levelof browning and decay index and high level of firmness and TSS 0.01% 4-HR and 0.5% VC mixed treatment had the mostsignificant effect in inhibiting tissue browning, the respiration rate, ethanol accumulation, microorganism growth, and decayincidence.

The potential rapid methods for lipoxygenase assay in vegetables were reviewed in this paper, which includedmethylene blue bleaching (MBB), carotene bleaching (CB) and potassium iodide-starch (KI-S) methods. These methods wereevaluated both spectrophotometrically and visually. The results showed that MBB, KI-S and CB were effective for half-quantitive assay, but different for different vegetables.

Microorganisms are the major cause of spoilage of most seafood products。However,only a few species of themicrobial community,the specific spoilage organisms(SSOs) result in seafood spoilage.Combining microbial ecology,moleculartechniques,analytical chemistry and mathematical modelling might allow us to determine and extend the shelf life of seafoodproducts.

The bioactive peptides is a factor of nutrition function. It is a synthetical expatiation about the kinds, function andcharacters of bioactive peptides.