月盛斋清香牛肉挥发性成分的分析

陈海涛,綦艳梅,徐晓兰,张 宁,孙宝国,黄明泉

(北京工商大学食品学院,北京 100048)

 

:采用乙醚和二氯甲烷为萃取溶剂,提取月盛斋清香牛肉的挥发性成分,共鉴定出102种挥发性化合物,其中,以乙醚为萃取溶剂,鉴定出75种挥发性物质,以二氯甲烷为萃取溶剂,鉴定出97种挥发性成分。从鉴定出来的挥发性物质的含量来看,醛类物质的含量相对较高,其次为醚类物质。其中,(E)-肉桂醛、己醛、大茴香醛、茴香脑、苯乙醛、苯甲醛、苯丙醛等挥发性物质对月盛斋清香牛肉特色风味的形成贡献较大。

关键词:月盛斋清香牛肉;挥发性香味成分;同时蒸馏萃取;气质联用

 

Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Yueshengzhai Fragrant Beef

 

CHEN Hai-tao,QI Yan-mei,XU Xiao-lan,ZHANG Ning,SUN Bao-guo,HUANG Ming-quan

(School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China)

 

Abstract:The volatile compounds from Yueshengzhai fragrant beef extracted with diethyl ether or dichloromethane were analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 102 volatile flavor compounds were identified, 75 compounds of which were found in the diethyl ether extract and 97 of which in the dichloromethane extract. Among these compounds, aldehydes were predominant, followed by ethers, and (E)-cinnamaldehyde, hexanal, 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde, 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-benzene, benzeneacetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, benzenepropanal were the important flavor compounds that contributed to Yueshengzhai fragrant beef.

Key words:Yueshengzhai fragrant beef;volatile constituent;simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE);gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

中图分类号:TS207.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1002-6630(2013)18-0158-07

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201318032

中华老字号月盛斋创建于清代乾隆二十年,距今已有二百多年的历史,经过几代人不断地努力与探索,形成了自有民族饮食文化中极具特色的传统手工艺。在逐步的成长和发展过程中,月盛斋由最初的仅生产酱牛、羊肉,而发展成为生产多种牛羊制品的企业。其中,月盛斋清香牛肉产品深受广大消费者喜爱,其与酱牛肉相比,口味清淡,圆润感较强,并带有清香风味,且其肉感更加酥软,在消费者中具有极好的口碑。

食品的风味是评价其质量好坏的重要指标之一。随着食品工业的发展及人们日益提高的生活水平,人们不仅更加注重食品的营养和卫生,而且对食品风味的要求也越来越高,食品风味的好坏与企业的经济效益有着密切的关系。因此,食品科学工作者对于食品风味研究愈加重视。同时蒸馏萃取是一种提取、分离和富集试样中挥发性、半挥发性成分的有效方法,目前已广泛地应用于食品、饮料和烟草中挥发性和半挥发性组分中的分析。现阶段针对月盛斋清香牛肉风味的研究比较少,本实验以月盛斋清香牛肉为研究对象,采用同时蒸馏萃取(simultaneous distillation-extraction,SDE)与气质联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)技术相结合的方式,分析月盛斋清香牛肉的挥发性成分,对确定其主要成分、加工工艺的改进及提高产品品质提供一定的参考。

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料与试剂

月盛斋清香牛肉 市售;无水乙醚、无水二氯甲烷(分析纯,用前纯化处理);无水硫酸钠(分析纯,用前干燥处理);C6~C30正构烷烃(色谱纯) 北京化学试剂有限公司;邻二氯苯(色谱纯) Sigma(中国)有限公司;氮气(纯度99.9%) 北京氦普北分气体工业有限公司。

1.2 仪器与设备

同时蒸馏萃取装置 北京玻璃仪器厂;DF-101S集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器 河南省予华仪器有限公司;RT252C型旋转蒸发器 上海亚荣生化仪器厂;6980N-5973i气-质联用仪 美国Agilent公司。

1.3 方法

1.3.1 采用乙醚为萃取溶剂的前处理

称取125g经绞碎的清香牛肉置于1L圆底烧瓶中,按1:4(g/mL)的比例加入蒸馏水及5µL 0.0225g/mL邻二氯苯-甲醇溶液,加入磁力搅拌子,置于SDE装置重相一端,油浴锅加热物料,并保持沸腾;另取50mL乙醚与少量沸石加入100mL的圆底烧瓶中,水浴加热,连续提取4h后冷却至室温,加入一定量提前干燥好的无水硫酸钠,置于冰箱过夜,过滤,所得滤液用vigreux柱浓缩至0.5mL左右,对浓缩液的挥发性成分采用GC-MS进行分析鉴定。

1.3.2 采用二氯甲烷为萃取溶剂的前处理

称取125g经绞碎的清香牛肉置于1L圆底烧瓶中,按1:4(g/mL)的比例加入蒸馏水及5µL 0.0225g/mL邻二氯苯-甲醇溶液,加入磁力搅拌子,置于SDE装置轻相一端,油浴锅加热物料,并保持沸腾;另取50mL二氯甲烷与少量沸石加入100mL的圆底烧瓶中,水浴加热,连续提取4h后冷却至室温,加入一定量提前干燥好的无水硫酸钠,置于冰箱过夜,过滤,所得滤液用vigreux柱浓缩至0.5mL左右,对浓缩液的挥发性成分采用GC-MS进行分析鉴定。

1.3.3 色谱条件

色谱柱:DB-WAX毛细管柱(30m×250µm,0.25µm);载气(He)流速1.0mL/min,进样量1µL;分流比20:1;进样口温度:240℃;升温程序:起始温度35℃,保持3min,以4℃/min升至160℃,再以5℃/min升至220℃。

1.3.4 质谱条件

电子电离(electron inoization,EI)源;离子源温度 230℃;电子能量70eV;四极杆温度150℃;质量扫描范围m/z 20~450,溶剂延迟5min。

1.3.5 香气成分的鉴定

鉴定结果中化合物定性分析以NIST 08谱库检索和色谱保留指数[1]为主,结合人工图谱解析共同确定。各化合物质量分数的确定采用峰面积归一化法,定量依据内标,以邻二氯苯的含量来确定每克月盛斋清香牛肉中各提取化合物的含量(mg/g),计算方法如下:

428665.jpg 

2 结果与分析

对月盛斋清香牛肉的挥发性成分进行GC-MS分析,得其GC-MS总离子流图,图1为使用乙醚和二氯甲烷为萃取溶剂提取月盛斋清香牛肉的挥发性香气成分的总离子流图,月盛斋清香牛肉挥发性成分鉴定结果见表1。

428679.jpg 

428692.jpg 

图 1 乙醚(a)和二氯甲烷(b)为萃取溶剂萃取月盛斋清香牛肉挥发性

成分总离子流图

Fig.1 Total ion current chromatogram of volatile oil from Yueshengzhai fragrant beef detected by GC-MS with diethyl ether as the extractant

由表1可以看出,以乙醚和二氯甲烷为萃取溶剂,通过SDE-GC-MS对月盛斋清香牛肉的挥发性成分进行分析,分别鉴定出75种和97种,共鉴定出102种挥发性化合物,有2种未知物。其中,以乙醚为萃取溶剂,共鉴定出酮11种、醛16种、醇14种、酯8种、烃类化合物(萜烯类除外)8种、萜烯类化合物3种、杂环及含硫含氮化合物8种、醚类2种、酚类2种、酸类1种,另有2种未知物;以二氯甲烷为萃取溶剂,鉴定出酮类化合物12种、醛17种、醇24种、酯8种、烃类化合物(萜烯类除外)14种、萜烯类化合物3种、杂环及含硫含氮化合物11种、醚类2种、酚类3种、腈类1种、另有2种未知物。以乙醚为萃取剂,挥发性化合物含量为90.42mg/g,以二氯甲烷为萃取剂,挥发性化合物含量为54.98mg/g。

比较两种溶剂萃取月盛斋清香牛肉的挥发性成分的提取结果,差异较明显,其中,两种溶剂共同萃取出的化合物有2,3-丁二酮、2,3-戊二酮、乙酸丁酯、己醛、4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮、2-庚酮、庚醛、(+)-柠檬烯、水芹烯、桉叶油醇、2-正戊基呋喃、α-松油烯、3-甲基丁醇、2-甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮、2-甲基吡嗪、3-羟基-2-丁酮、羟基丙酮、2,6-二甲基吡嗪、己醇、2-壬酮、壬醛、糠基硫醇、2-癸酮、苯甲醛、十五烷、芳樟醇、1-辛醇、4-松油醇、苯乙醛、糠醇、4-烯丙基苯甲醚、3-噻吩甲醛、α-松油醇、3-甲硫基丙醇、薄荷酮、萘、苯丙醛、3-甲基十七烷、茴香脑、2-甲基萘、1-甲基萘、十三醛、(2E)-2-十二烯醛、十四醛、2,6-二甲基萘、11-十二醇、大茴香醛、(E)-肉桂醛、十五醛、对甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯、肉桂酸乙酯、十六醛、(Z)-7-十六烯醛、对乙烯基愈疮木酚、(E)-9-十四烯醇、(Z)-9-十四烯-1-醇、2-十七酮、十六酸乙酯、环十五内酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、十八醛、油酸甲酯、(E)-12-十四烯-1-醇。乙醚为萃取溶剂检出的特有的挥发性化合物为十二烷、十三烷、(Z)-2-壬醛、(E)-2-十二烯-1-醇、13-乙酸十四烯酯、植酮、十一烯酸;二氯甲烷为萃取溶剂单独检出的挥发性化合物乙腈为2-丁醇、丙醇、3-戊烯-2-酮、1-丁醇、环戊酮、邻乙基甲苯、间乙基甲苯、1,2,3-三甲基苯、苯乙烯、4-异丙基甲苯、1,2,4-三甲基苯、3-乙基邻二甲苯、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、糠醛、(E)-1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-2-环己烷-1-醇、十六烷、1-松油醇、5-甲基-2-噻吩甲醛、辣薄荷醇、2-甲基-1-十醇、香苇醇、2-(4-甲基苯基)丙-2-醇、1-(2-呋喃)-3-甲基-3-丁烯-1,2-二醇、正十二醇、4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚、(Z)-9-十六烯醛、反油酸乙酯、(Z)-11-十六烯醛。

由检出的挥发性化合物来看,醛类物质的含量最高,它们主要来自于脂肪的氧化降解及斯特雷克尔氨基酸反应,如己醛来自ω-6不饱和脂肪酸[52],它既可来源于游离的亚油酸,也可来源于酯化的亚油酸[53];苯乙醛来自于苯丙氨酸的斯特雷克尔氨基酸反应降解反应,另外,大茴香醛与(E)-肉桂醛等醛类物质则与清香牛肉制备过程加入的大茴、肉桂等辛香料有关。高分子质量的醛在生肉中也有被发现,它们可能是挥发性脂肪醛和烯醛的前体物[54]。酮类物质主要来自于脂肪的氧化降解。本研究共检出13种酮,其中,2,3-丁二酮、2,3-戊二酮、2-庚酮、3-羟基-2-丁酮、羟基丙酮、环戊酮、薄荷酮、

2-壬酮、3-戊烯-2-酮、4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮等在文献[55-61]中均有报道。本研究检测出的醇类物质(2-丁醇、丙醇、1-丁醇、己醇)部分来自脂肪酸的氧化降解,另外,检出的桉叶油醇、芳樟醇、4-松油醇、糠醇、1-松油醇等醇类物质与月盛斋清香牛肉制备过程中为突出其清香爽口而添加的辛香料有关。酯类物质则是由醇和脂肪酸缩合而成,以油香气息为主,因其阈值较高,对清香牛肉特征香气贡献不大。本研究中检出的醚类物质茴香脑和4-烯丙基苯甲醚的含量也较高,它们来自于清香牛肉生产过程中加入的辛香料大茴、小茴香等,对产品特征风味的形成具有十分重要的作用。这与臧明伍等[62-63]及綦艳梅等[57-58]对酱牛肉的研究结果一样。烃类(萜烯类化合物除外)化合物来源于脂肪烷氧自由基的裂解,萜烯类化合物则与加入的辛香料有关,本实验共检出3种萜烯类化合物,分别为(+)-柠檬烯、水芹烯与α-松油烯。含氮含硫及杂环类化合物阈值较低,是肉中最重要的呈味物质。本研究共鉴定出11种含氮含硫及杂环化合物,其中,2-戊基-呋喃是亚油酸的氧化产物[64],作为肉品脂质氧化的指标物可能对肉品的整体风味作用巨大。四氢-2-甲基-(2H)-呋喃酮在面包、咖啡、土豆条中均有报道,它对肉香有重要贡献[59]。糠醛及其衍生物可能来源于糖类的降解, 如戊糖降解可以生成糠醛。噻吩类化合物及其衍生物也是在肉的风味中有较大作用的化合物, 在肉类风味中被大量检出。噻吩中的硫可以通过含硫氨基酸(半胱氨酸)或VB1等含硫化合物提供[65]。Macleod [66]曾分析过肉香中的36种噻吩, 研究认为噻吩对肉类风味十分重要, 能赋予烤肉的硫香味。如5-甲基-2-噻吩甲醛等都能提供较有特征的烤肉香味。吡嗪、呋喃是美拉德反应的特征产物,它们具有肉的烘烤风味。如三甲基吡嗪被认为是Maillard的降解产物和Henys重排化合物或是在葡萄糖-茶氨酸体系中的产物[66]。本研究共鉴定出3种酚类,其中,2,4-二叔丁基苯酚是食品中常用的氧化剂,对乙烯基愈疮木酚具有类似康乃馨花香味道,对产品的风味和品质有一定的影响。用二氯甲烷做萃取溶剂,鉴定出乙腈,它可能产生于游离氨基酸热降解。用乙醚为萃取溶剂,检出1种酸,它可能来源于酯类物质水解产生[67],因其阈值相对较大,对清香牛肉特征香气的形成作用不大。

3 结 论

3.1 采用SDE-GC-MS鉴定月盛斋清香牛肉挥发性成分,共鉴定出102种挥发性香气成分,其中有2种未知物,参考相关文献,确定对月盛斋清香牛肉想起有特殊贡献的化合物可能为2,3-丁二酮、2,3-戊二酮、己醛、4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮、2-甲基吡嗪、3-羟基-2-丁酮、对甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯、2-壬酮、壬醛、糠基硫醇、4-松油醇、苯乙醛、糠醇、4-烯丙基苯甲醚、3-噻吩甲醛、α-松油醇、3-甲硫基丙醇、薄荷酮、苯丙醛、茴香脑、大茴香醛、(E)-肉桂醛、2,6-二甲基吡嗪等挥发性化合物。

3.2 采用两种溶剂对月盛斋清香牛肉的挥发性成分进行分析,从鉴定出化合物的种类来看,采用二氯甲烷为萃取溶剂,共鉴定出97种挥发性化合物,酮类化合物12种,醛17种,醇24种,酯8种,烃类化合物(萜烯类除外)14种,萜烯类化合物3种,杂环及含硫含氮化合物11种,醚类2种,酚类3种,另有2种未知物;采用乙醚为萃取溶剂,共鉴定出75种挥发性化合物,包括酮11种,醛16种,醇14种,酯8种,烃类化合物(萜烯类除外)8种,萜烯类化合物3种,杂环及含硫含氮化合物8种,醚类2种,酚类2种,酸类1种,另有2种未知物。从鉴定出挥发性化合物的质量来看,乙醚为萃取溶剂,鉴定出月盛斋清香牛肉中挥发性化合物的含量为90.42mg/g;二氯甲烷为萃取溶剂,鉴定出月盛斋清香牛肉挥发性化合物的含量为54.98mg/g,综上所述,二氯甲烷为萃取溶剂检测出月盛斋清香牛肉挥发性成分的数量多,但较乙醚为萃取溶剂萃取的化合物的含量相对较少。

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表 1 月盛斋清香牛肉挥发性成分的GC-MS分析结果

Table 1 Volatile compounds in Yueshengzhai fragrant beef analyzed by GC-MS

编号

保留时

间/min

含量/(mg/g)

化合物名称

分子式

计算值/文献值

定性方法

乙醚

二氯甲烷

1

5.15

0.35

0.25

2,3-butanedione 2,3-丁二酮

C4H6O2

961/971[2]

MS,RI

2

5.68

0.07

acetonitrile 乙腈

C2H3N

985/1003[3]

MS,RI

3

6.60

0.03

2-butanol 2-丁醇

C4H10O

1019/1019[4]

MS,RI

4

6.92

0.01

1-propanol 丙醇

C3H8O

1030/1031[5]

MS,RI

5

7.38

0.15

0.10

2,3-pentanedione 2,3-戊二酮

C5H8O2

1045/1056[6]

MS,RI

6

7.82

0.35

0.43

acetic acid, butyl ester 乙酸丁酯

C6H12O2

1059/1059[7]

MS,RI

7

8.09

0.37

0.29

hexanal 己醛

C6H12O

1069/1075[6]

MS,RI

8

9.37

0.05

3-penten-2-one 3-戊烯-2-酮

C5H8O

1109/1120[8]

MS,RI

9

9.59

0.07

0.07

4-methyl--3-penten-2-one 4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮

C6H10O

1116/1125[9]

MS,RI

10

10.23

0.02

1-butanol 1-丁醇

C4H10O

1135/1134[10]

MS,RI

11

11.20

0.02

cyclopentanone 环戊酮

C5H8O

1163/1170[11]

MS,RI

12

11.39

0.28

0.19

2-heptanone 2-庚酮

C7H14O

1169/1180[6]

MS,RI

13

11.47

0.06

0.04

heptanal 庚醛

C7H14O

1171/1177[7]

MS,RI

14

11.90

0.24

0.09

(D)-limonene (+)-柠檬烯

C10H16

1183/1191[12]

MS,RI

15

12.19

0.05

0.02

phellandrene 水芹烯

C10H16

1192/1192[13]

MS,RI

16

12.30

0.31

0.51

eucalyptol 桉叶油醇

C10H18O

1195/1204[14]

MS,RI

17

12.43

0.11

dodecane 十二烷

C12H26

1200/1200[6]

MS,RI

18

12.68

0.03

o-ethyltoluene 邻乙基甲苯

C9H12

1206/1205[7]

MS,RI

19

12.76

0.08

m-ethylmethylbenzene 间乙基甲苯

C9H12

1209/1216[15]

MS,RI

20

13.09

0.28

0.19

2-pentyl-furan 2-正戊基呋喃

C9H14O

1218/1220[7]

MS,RI

21

13.39

0.06

1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene 1,3,5-三甲基苯

C9H12

1227/1221[4]

MS,RI

22

13.57

0.05

0.04

α- terpinen α-松油烯

C10H16

1232/1232[16]

MS,RI

23

13.75

0.04

styrene 苯乙烯

C8H8

1237/1236[17]

MS,RI

24

13.84

0.05

0.02

3-methyl-1-butanol 3-甲基丁醇

C5H12O

1240/1237[18]

MS,RI

25

13.98

0.10

0.10

dihydro-2-methyl-3(2H)-furanone 2-甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮

C5H8O2

1244/1243[19]

MS,RI

26

14.08

0.06

0.03

methyl-pyrazine 2-甲基吡嗪

C5H6N2

1247/1260[6]

MS,RI

27

14.33

0.02

1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-benzene 4-异丙基甲苯

C10H14

1254/1264[20]

MS,RI

28

14.63

0.33

0.37

3-hydroxy-2-butanone 3-羟基-2-丁酮

C4H8O2

1263/1268[21]

MS,RI

29

15.15

0.23

0.19

1-hydroxy-2-propanone 羟基丙酮

C3H6O2

1278/1275[10]

MS,RI

30

15.90

0.14

tridecane 十三烷

C13H28

1300/1300[6]

MS,RI

31

16.29

0.06

0.03

2,6-dimethyl-pyrazine 2,6-二甲基吡嗪

C6H8N2

1312/1319[6]

MS,RI

32

16.42

0.02

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 1,2,4-三甲基苯

C9H12

1316/1327[22]

MS,RI

33

17.31

0.06

0.03

1-hexanol 己醇

C6H14O

1342/1341[23]

MS,RI

34

17.57

0.03

1,2-dimethyl-3-ethyl benzene 3-乙基邻二甲苯

C10H14

1350/1352[17]

MS,RI

35

18.44

0.05

0.03

2-nonanone 2-壬酮

C9H18O

1376/1374[24]

MS,RI

36

18.57

0.18

0.07

nonanal 壬醛

C9H18O

1380/1390[25]

MS,RI

37

18.85

0.01

trimethyl-pyrazine 2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪

C7H10N2

1388/1391[26]

MS,RI

38

19.57

0.30

0.20

2-furfurylthiol 糠基硫醇

C5H6OS

1411/1415[27]

MS,RI

39

20.44

0.05

furfural 糠醛

C5H4O2

1438/1447[6]

MS,RI

40

21.20

0.90

0.90

1,2-dichloro- benzene 邻二氯苯

C6H4Cl2

1462/1488[28]

MS,RI

41

21.78

0.09

0.02

2-decanone 2-癸酮

C10H20O

1481/1495[15]

MS,RI

42

22.26

0.46

0.67

benzaldehyde 苯甲醛

C7H6O

1496/1496[7]

MS,RI

43

22.38

0.25

0.03

pentadecane 十五烷

C15H32

1500/1500[6]

MS,RI

44

22.96

0.05

(Z)-2-nonenal (Z)-2-壬醛

C9H16O

1519/1517[14]

MS,RI

45

23.46

0.32

0.26

linalool 芳樟醇

C10H18O

1535/1533[29]

MS,RI

46

23.80

0.02

0.02

1-octanol 1-辛醇

C8H18O

1547/1547[24]

MS,RI

47

23.89

0.03

1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol (E)-1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-2-环己烷-1-醇

C10H18O

1550/1552[30]

MS,RI

48

25.03

0.63

0.47

4-terpinenol 4-松油醇

C10H18O

1588/1583[31]

MS,RI

49

25.41

0.03

hexadecane 十六烷

C16H34

1600/1600[6]

MS,RI

50

25.78

0.04

0.07

benzeneacetaldehyde 苯乙醛

C8H8O

1613/1623[6]

MS,RI

51

26.48

0.40

0.10

2-furanmethanol 糠醇

C5H6O2

1638/1647[32]

MS,RI

52

26.79

0.33

0.21

estragole 4-烯丙基苯甲醚

C10H12O

1649/1655[33]

MS,RI

53

27.03

0.03

1-terpinenol 1-松油醇

C10H18O

1657/1659[13]

MS,RI

54

27.22

0.05

0.04

3-thiophenecarboxaldehyde 3-噻吩甲醛

C5H4OS

1663/1678[24]

MS,RI

55

27.75

0.46

0.36

α-terpineol α-松油醇

C10H18O

1682/1685[6]

MS,RI

56

28.11

0.04

0.01

3-(methylthio)-1-propanol 3-甲硫基丙醇

C4H10OS

1694/1695[34]

MS,RI

57

28.22

0.16

5-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde 5-甲基-2-噻吩甲醛

C6H6OS

1698

MS

58

28.43

0.11

0.10

piperitone 薄荷酮

C10H16O

1706/1710[30]

MS,RI

59

28.52

0.19

0.17

naphthalene 萘

C10H8

1709/1723[35]

MS,RI

60

29.08

0.02

(Z)-piperitol 辣薄荷醇

C10H18O

1730/1747[36]

MS,RI

61

29.66

0.04

0.08

benzenepropanal 苯丙醛

C9H10O

1751/1783[37]

MS,RI

62

30.35

0.12

0.07

3-methylheptadecane 3-甲基十七烷

C18H38

1775

MS

63

30.77

0.03

2-methyl-1-decanol 2-甲基-1-十醇

C11H24O

1791/1803[38]

MS,RI

64

31.10

12.01

5.17

1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-benzene 茴香脑

C10H12O

1803/1815[39]

MS,RI

65

31.42

0.02

(Z)-carveol 香苇醇

C10H16O

1816/1820[40]

MS,RI

66

31.55

0.22

0.14

2-methyl-naphthalene 2-甲基萘

C11H10

1821

MS

67

31.72

0.02

p-cymen-8-ol 2-(4-甲基苯基)丙-2-醇

C10H14O

1827/1824[41]

MS,RI

68

31.82

0.09

0.03

nerol 橙花醇

C10H18O

1831/1830[41]

MS,RI

69

32.46

0.08

0.08

1-methyl-naphthalene 1-甲基萘

C11H10

1856/1875[4]

MS,RI

70

32.59

0.79

0.94

tridecanal 十三醛

C13H26O

1861/1886[42]

MS,RI

71

32.79

0.28

0.16

(2E)-2-dodecenal (2E)-2-十二烯醛

C12H22O

1869/1887[43]

MS,RI

72

33.46

0.03

1-(2-furyl)-3-methyl-3-butene-1,2-diol 1-(2-呋喃)-3-甲基-3-丁烯-1,2-二醇

C9H12O3

1894

MS

73

33.86

0.83

0.65

tetradecanal 十四醛

C14H28O

1910/1910[44]

MS,RI

74

34.39

0.03

0.04

2,6-dimethylnaphthalene 2,6-二甲基萘

C12H12

1932

MS

75

34.98

0.02

1-dodecanol 正十二醇

C12H26O

1956/1957[24]

MS,RI

76

35.26

0.88

0.84

11-dodecenol 11-十二醇

C12H24O

1967

MS

77

35.62

1.26

1.39

未知物

 

1982

MS

78

35.87

0.55

0.44

4-methoxy-benzaldehyde 大茴香醛

C8H8O2

1992/2007[45]

MS,RI

79

36.08

0.02

4-ethyl-2-methoxy-phenol 4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚

C9H12O2

2000/2008[9]

MS,RI

80

36.23

0.29

0.30

(E)- cinnamaldehyde (E)-肉桂醛

C9H8O

2007/2015[46]

MS,RI

81

36.44

2.42

1.38

pentadecanal 十五醛

C15H30O

2017/2042[47]

MS,RI

82

37.47

0.06

0.03

methyl anisate 对甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯

C9H10O3

2063/2085[22]

MS,RI

83

37.69

2.19

(E)-2-dodecen-1-ol (E)-2-十二烯-1-醇

C12H24O

2073

MS

84

38.01

0.16

13-tetradecenyl acetate 13-乙酸十四烯酯

C16H30O2

2088

MS

85

38.34

0.19

0.08

ethyl cinnamate 肉桂酸乙酯

C11H12O2

2103/2102[48]

MS,RI

86

38.59

0.08

hexahydrofarnesyl acetone 植酮

C18H36O

2115/2118[49]

MS,RI

87

38.85

38.71

24.58

hexadecanal 十六醛

C16H32O

2128/2121[50]

MS,RI

88

39.29

1.29

0.94

(Z)-7-hexadecenal (Z)-7-十六烯醛

C16H30O

2149/2144[44]

MS,RI

89

39.49

0. 20

(Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z)-9-十六烯醛

C16H30O

2159/2147[44]

MS,RI

90

39.58

0.25

0.14

2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol 对乙烯基愈疮木酚

C9H10O2

2163/2163[27]

MS,RI

91

39.68

0.06

(Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z)-11-十六烯醛

C16H30O

2168

MS

92

39.92

1.45

0.87

(E)-9-tetradecenol (E)-9-十四烯醇

C14H28O

2180/2211[44]

MS,RI

93

40.25

3.88

2.16

(Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (Z)-9-十四烯-1醇

C14H28O

2195/2215[44]

MS,RI

94

40.73

0.18

0.07

2-heptadecanone 2-十七酮

C17H34O

2220/2255[47]

MS,RI

95

40.89

1.78

0.99

未知物

 

2229

MS

96

41.22

0.12

0.05

ethyl hexadecanoate 十六酸乙酯

C18H36O2

2246/2246[24]

MS,RI

97

41.36

0.25

0.11

oxacyclohexadecan-2-one 环十五内酯

C15H28O2

2253

MS

98

41.95

0.12

0.09

(E)-12-tetradecen-1-ol (E)-12-十四烯-1-醇

C14H28O

2284

MS

99

42.02

0.15

0.03

2,4-di-t-butylphenol 2,4-二叔丁基苯酚

C14H22O

2288/2321[51]

MS,RI

100

42.95

11.47

5.91

octadecanal 十八醛

C18H36O

2339

MS

101

43.87

0.13

undecylenic acid 十一烯酸

C11H20O2

2391/2398[14]

MS,RI

102

44.10

0.21

0.13

methyl oleate 油酸甲酯

C19H36O2

2404

MS

103

45.23

0.04

ethyl (9E)-9-octadecenoate 反油酸乙酯

C20H38O2

2473/2469[24]

MS,RI

104

46.03

0.19

0.04

diisobutyl phthalate 邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯

C16H22O4

2517/2526[52]

MS,RI

 

注:—.未检出;定性方法中,MS.质谱分析法,RI.保留指数法。

收稿日期:2012-06-12

基金项目:“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD23B01)

作者简介:陈海涛(1973—),男,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向为香料香精。E-mail:chenht@th.btbu.edu.cn