食品科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 115-124.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20241114-109

• 生物工程 • 上一篇    

酱香型高温大曲制作过程中微生物群落演替规律与风味物质变化

丁泽,陈曦,李金洋,牛家亮,杜秉昊,李微微,龙尧,郎莹,孙宝国,李秀婷   

  1. (1.北京工商大学食品与健康学院,北京 100048;2.北京工商大学 北京食品营养与人类健康高精尖创新中心,北京 100048;3.中国商业联合会酿酒微生物与酶分子工程重点实验室,北京 100048;4.贵州王茅酒曲研究院有限公司,贵州 贵阳 550081)
  • 发布日期:2025-05-14
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(31830069)

Succession Patterns of Microbial Community and Changes in Flavor Compounds during the Production of High-Temperature Sauce-Flavor Daqu

DING Ze, CHEN Xi, LI Jinyang, NIU Jialiang, DU Binghao, LI Weiwei, LONG Yao, LANG Ying, SUN Baoguo, LI Xiuting   

  1. (1. School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; 2. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Liquor-Making Microbe and Enzyme Molecular Engineering, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing 100048, China; 4. Guizhou Wangmao Jiuqu Research Institute Co. Ltd., Guiyang 550081, China)
  • Published:2025-05-14

摘要: 本研究针对高温大曲制备过程翻仓操作前后的微生物群落结构组成以及风味物质变化等进行探究。结果显示,大曲关键制造阶段-翻仓操作过程中,微生物群落的组成和丰度均发生显著变化,真菌属中的热子囊菌属(Thermoascus)和嗜热真菌属(Thermomyces)以及细菌属中的枝芽孢菌属(Virgibacillus)、海洋芽孢杆菌属(Oceanobacillus)、糖多孢菌属(Saccharopolyspora)、克罗彭斯特菌属(Kroppenstedtia)在两次翻仓过程中丰度提升。气相色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定出49 种挥发性物质,包括12 种酯类、9 种吡嗪类、6 种醇类、6 种醛类、5 种酮类、3 种酚类、2 种醚类、2 种呋喃类、1 种烯烃类、1 种酸类及2 种其他物质,在翻仓后正己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、2-苯乙醇、2,3,5,6-四甲基吡嗪含量提升。此外,相关性分析结果揭示微生物群落与风味物质之间的潜在联系,Virgibacillus、Oceanobacillus、Saccharopolyspora、Kroppenstedtia、Thermoascus和Thermomyces与酯类物质呈正相关,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和毕赤酵母属(Pichia)与2,3,5,6-四甲基吡嗪呈正相关。本研究初次探讨了酱香型高温大曲制备过程中翻仓操作发酵过程的微生物群落以及风味物质形成的影响,可为探究酱香型高温大曲生物学特性的品质差异根源以及影响酱酒酿造风味物质形成规律提供基础数据,并为高温大曲生产制造有效工艺策略提高品质稳定性提供重要参考。

关键词: 酱香型大曲;微生物群落;翻仓;挥发性风味物质;相关性分析

Abstract: This study investigated the changes in microbial community structure and flavor substances of high-temperature Daqu before and after the turning over as the key step in the production process. The results showed that during the turning over stage, the composition and abundance of the microbial community underwent significant changes. The abundance of the fungal genera Thermoascus and Thermomyces and the abundance of the bacterial genera Virgibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Saccharopolyspora, and Kroppenstedtia increased after two cycles of turning over. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 49 volatile compounds, including 12 esters, 9 pyrazines, 6 alcohols, 6 aldehydes, 5 ketones, 3 phenols, 2 ethers, 2 furans, 1 alkene, 1 acid, and 2 other substances, with increased levels of ethyl caproate, ethyl octanoate, 2-phenylethanol, and 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine being observed after turning over. In addition, correlation analysis revealed potential associations between microbial community and flavor substances, with Virgibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Saccharopolyspora, Kroppenstedtia, Thermoascus, and Thermomyces showing positive correlations with ester compounds, and Bacillus and Pichia showing positive correlations with 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine. This study provides basic data for exploring the root causes of variations in the biological characteristics of high-temperature sauce-flavor Daqu and the principles governing the formation of flavor substances in sauce-flavor baijiu brewing, and offers important references for formulating effective process strategies to improve the quality stability of high-temperature Daqu.

Key words: sauce-flavor Daqu; microbial community; turning over; volatile flavor substances; correlation analysis

中图分类号: