关键词: 酒精相关性肝病；酒精代谢；发病机制；营养干预

Abstract: Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a liver disease caused by long-term excessive drinking, including alcoholic fatty liver, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. The pathogenesis of ALD is complex, involving oxidative stress, immune response, programmed cell death (apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis), mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, complement system abnormality and enterohepatic axis homeostasis disorder. In-depth elucidation of these mechanisms may provide new ideas for ALD prevention and control. Currently, the clinical management of ALD relies on abstinence, pharmacotherapy, and liver transplantation, each of which has certain limitations. In contrast, nutritional intervention not only effectively delays the progression of ALD, but also reduces mortality in patients with severe forms of the disease, demonstrating significant potential for clinical application. This article comprehensively reviews recent advances in the pathogenesis of ALD and systematically examines the intervening roles of macronutrients, vitamins, trace elements, and bioactive compounds in ALD, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for the application of nutritional strategies in the prevention and treatment of ALD.

Key words: alcohol-related liver disease; alcohol metabolism; pathogenesis; nutritional intervention