骨质疏松症困扰着全球2亿患者，随着全球人口老龄化的加剧，骨质疏松发病率将不断增加，预防骨质疏松成为公共卫生领域亟待解决的问题。本文分析了乳制品基质、矿物质、维生素、乳蛋白、乳脂和乳糖调节肠道菌群对钙吸收和骨骼健康的作用机制，综述了强化添加VD、益生元和益生菌的乳制品对不同人群的干预效果及降低骨质疏松风险的研究进展，比较了乳制品与植物基替代品的干预功效，为乳制品精准干预改善骨骼健康提供科学参考。

Osteoporosis afflicts 200 million patients worldwide. With the aging of the global population, the incidence of osteoporosis will continue to increase, and the prevention of osteoporosis has become an urgent problem in the field of public health. This paper analyzes the mechanisms by which milk and dairy products as well as their components such as minerals, vitamins, protein, fat and lactose modulate the intestinal flora and in turn affect calcium absorption and bone health. The interventional effects of dairy products fortified with vitamin D, prebiotics and/or probiotics in different populations and their effect in reducing the risk of osteoporosis are reviewed. The interventional effects of dairy products and plant-based milk are compared. This review hopes to provide a scientific reference for precision intervention with dairy products to improve bone health.