Abstract: In order to probe into the effects of postharvest BTH treatment on storage effectiveness in muskmelon fruit, muskmelons (Cucumis melo L. cv. yujinxiang) were dipped at 100mg/L of BTH solution for 10min. The inhibition effect of BTH treatment on the lesion area of fruits inoculated with Trichothecium roseum and natural disease incidence of melons were investigated during storage at room temperature. The changes of main storage quality index in muskmelon fruits during storage were also measured. The results showed that BTH treatment significantly decreased (P<0.05) the lesion area of fruits inoculated with T. roseum, and the natural disease incidence of fruits during storage at room temperature. The treatment obviously induced the enhancement of defense enzyme activity including phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in fruits. BTH treatment also effectively retarded the increase of weight loss and soluble pectin content, and delayed the decline of fruit firmness, Vitamin C (Vc) and soluble solids content. BTH treatment also reduced the transformation rate of skin color from green to yellow. Consequently, BTH treatment delayed the senescence process of muskmelon fruits, and increased disease resistance and storage quality of fruits. These results indicated that postharvest BTH treatment at proper concentration not only increased disease resistance, but also enhanced storage quality of muskmelon fruits.