Abstract: As population aging accelerates, actively responding to this problem and promoting the health of the elderly have become a long-term strategy for global development. In the past decade, new targets, signaling pathways, and novel therapies for aging have emerged, and research in aging biology has undergone a paradigm shift. In addition, anti-aging research is at a critical stage of transitioning from traditional experiential interventions to precise targeted therapies. Therefore, this article systematically reviews aging and anti-aging therapies. Based on the latest evidence from multiple omics (e.g., genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), it comprehensively summarizes the commonalities, driving characteristics, and molecular mechanisms of aging at the molecular, cellular, and systematic levels, focusing on recent developments in molecular targeted anti-aging therapies and nutritional intervention strategies with edible and medicinal homologous substances. This review will help promote the construction of a “healthy aging” society in China.

Key words: healthy aging; intervention; geronutrition; food and medicine homology; research progress