食品科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (19): 128-133.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201819020

• 食品工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

谷粒湿热处理对薏仁米淀粉形态、结构与热特性的影响

刘 星,范 楷,司文帅,张其才,饶钦雄,杨俊花,宋卫国*   

  1. 上海市农业科学院农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所,上海农产品质量安全工程技术研究中心,上海市农产品质量安全评价技术服务平台,上海 201403
  • 出版日期:2018-10-15 发布日期:2018-10-24
  • 基金资助:
    上海市市级农口系统青年人才成长计划项目(沪农青字(2017)第1-31号)

Morphology, Structure and Thermal Properties of Starch from Heat-Moisture Treated Coix Seeds

LIU Xing, FAN Kai, SI Wenshuai, ZHANG Qicai, RAO Qinxiong, YANG Junhua, SONG Weiguo*   

  1. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Agro-food Quality and Safety, Shanghai Technical Service Platform of Agro-food Quality and Safety Assessment, Institute of Agro-food Standards and Testing Technologies, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
  • Online:2018-10-15 Published:2018-10-24

摘要: 为了研究薏仁米除淀粉外的其他营养组分对水和热的屏障作用,对3 种薏仁米(大粒薏仁米(big Coix seed,BCS)、小粒薏仁米(small Coix seed,SCS)和半透明薏仁米(translucent Coix seed,TCS))进行湿热处理,分离提取得到薏仁米谷粒湿热处理(heat-moisture treatment,HMT)淀粉,运用扫描电子显微镜、普通光学显微镜、激光粒度仪、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪等对HMT淀粉进行测定,比较处理前后淀粉的差异,探究HMT对淀粉形态、大小、结构、热特性的影响。结果表明,HMT使得淀粉颗粒表面破损、气孔增大、偏光十字减弱,淀粉双螺旋结构、结晶区和无定形区被破坏,淀粉与淀粉分子、蛋白质、脂类等的作用加强,淀粉分子有不同程度的重排。这些变化使得淀粉凝胶温度升高,晶体内异质性减弱,解螺旋所需能量下降,其中BCS淀粉的变化较小,直链淀粉含量高的TCS淀粉受HMT影响最大。因此,应依据HMT前后不同淀粉的变化在加工过程中进行合理的应用。

关键词: 薏仁米, 薏仁米谷粒湿热处理, 淀粉, 形态, 结构, 热特性

Abstract: Heat moisture treatment was imposed on three kinds of Coix seeds (big Coix seed (BCS), small Coix seed (SCS) and translucent Coix seed (TCS)) to explore the water and heat barrier properties of non-starch components. For this purpose, heat moisture-treated (HMT) Coix seed starches were prepared, and scanning electron microscopy, optical microscope, laser particle analyzer, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry were used to explore the impact of HMT of Coix seeds on the morphology, size, structure and thermal properties of starch. The results indicated that HMT caused damage to starch granule surface, increased stomatal size, and weakened birefringence. Meanwhile, the double helix structure and the crystalline and amorphous region were broken, the interaction of starch with itself, and with protein and lipid was reinforced, and the starch molecules were reordered to different degrees. As a result, HMT increased the gelatinization temperature of the starches, weakened crystal heterogeneity, and decreased the energy required for uncoiling. BCS starch was influenced slightly, while TCS starch, rich in amylose, was affected heavily by HMT. Thus, we can apply Coix seed starch more reasonably according to variations in starch properties after HMT.

Key words: Coix seed, heat-moisture treated Coix seeds, starch, morphology, structure, thermal properties

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