采前喷施壳聚糖复合膜对猕猴桃软腐病的防控及其保鲜作用

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201622042

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以‘贵长’猕猴桃为试材，通过病原菌分离、致病性测定和DNA测序鉴定了修文县猕猴桃软腐病病原菌，并选用壳聚糖、钙盐和糊精分别与茶多酚、甘氨酸、柠檬酸、抗菌肽混合制备和筛选了复合膜剂，研究了采前幼果期和壮果末期果面喷施壳聚糖复合膜对猕猴桃软腐病的防控及其保鲜作用。结果表明，修文县猕猴桃软腐病病原菌为葡萄座腔菌（Botryosphaeria dothidea）和拟茎点霉菌（Phomopsis sp.）；采前喷施不同壳聚糖复合膜对其软腐病的防效均达60%以上（添加茶多酚防效86.54%、甘氨酸防效61.54%、柠檬酸防效71.15%、抗菌肽防效69.23%），显著降低丙二醛（MDA）积累，提高果实的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性，诱导增强果实的抗病性。同时，该复合膜能有效地增加果实单果质量和体积，显著提高果实VC、可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、叶绿素和蛋白质的含量，促进猕猴桃产量的增加和品质的改善。此外，施用该复合膜还能有效提高和维持果实硬度、降低果实呼吸强度以及果实质量损失率和营养物质的损失，明显抑制果实可溶性固形物和可溶性总糖含量的上升速率和延缓组织的衰老软化，从而提高了猕猴桃耐贮性。研究结果为猕猴桃优质栽培、病害有机防控和果实绿色保鲜提供了科学依据和新途径。

关键词: 猕猴桃, 壳聚糖, 钙, 软腐病, 贮藏, 品质

Abstract: This study aimed to examine the effect of pre-harvest chitosan composite coating on controlling soft rot in kiwifruit and on maintaining and improving kiwifruit quality. Soft rot pathogens were isolated from infected ‘Guichang’ kiwifruits (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Guichang) from Xiuwen county of Guizhou province, evaluated for pathogenicity and identified by DNA sequencing. Composite coatings were formulated by blending chitosan, calcium nitrate and dextrin with tea polyphenols, glycine, citric acid, antimicrobial peptide, respectively, and they were screened for application on kiwifruits at the young fruit period and the late expanding period. The results indicated that the soft rot pathogens identified were Botryosphaeria dothidea and Phomopsis sp., with Botryosphaeria dothidea being the dominant species, whose pathogenicity was greater than that of Phomopsis sp.. All chitosan composite coatings were effective at controlling kiwifruit soft rot and significantly decreased soft rot incidence. The control efficiencies of chitosan composite coatings with added tea polyphenols, glycine, citric acid and antimicrobial peptide were 86.54%, 61.54%, 71.15%, and 69.23%, respectively. All these coatings could significantly decrease malondialdehyde accumulation in kiwifruit during storage, increase the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, and enhance disease resistance. Moreover, the pre-harvest application of these chitosan composite films had no significant impact on longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, lateral diameter or fruit shape index, but could effectively increase the average weight and volume of single fruits, as well as the contents of vitamin C, total soluble solids, total soluble sugar, titratable acid, chlorophyll and protein, and accordingly improved the yield and quality of kiwifruit. In addition, the application of these chitosan composite films could significantly increase and maintain fruit firmness, reduce respiratory intensity, weight loss and losses of vitamin C, total soluble solids, total soluble sugar, titratable acid, chlorophyll and protein, obviously inhibit the increase in total soluble solids and total soluble sugars, delay fruit senescence and softening, and thus improve the storability of kiwifruit. The present study may provide a scientific basis and a new way for high-quality cultivation, organic control of soft rot and green preservation of kiwifruit.

Key words: kiwifruit, chitosan, calcium, soft rot, storage, quality

中图分类号:

张承,李明,*,龙友华,吴小毛,. 采前喷施壳聚糖复合膜对猕猴桃软腐病的防控及其保鲜作用[J]. 食品科学, 2016, 37(22): 274-281.

ZHANG Cheng, LI Ming,*, LONG Youhua, WU Xiaomao,. Control of Soft Rot in Kiwifruit by Pre-Harvest Application of Chitosan Composite Coating and Its Effect on Preserving and Improving Kiwifruit Quality[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 2016, 37(22): 274-281.

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