基于宏基因组学技术不同地区蛋源表面微生物的比较

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20200402-026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用高通量测序的宏基因组学技术对我国蛋鸡养殖相对集中的吉林、安徽、北京和河北4 个地区不同蛋源表面菌群多样性进行分析，比较研究4 个地区蛋源表面微生物种类。结果表明：4 个地区蛋源表面细菌组成主要是放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）；吉林地区的蛋源样品细菌组成为Actinobacteria、Firmicutes、Proteobacteria，相对丰度分别为49.12%、31.93%和8.41%。安徽、北京和河北地区的蛋源表面细菌组成相似，Proteobacteria、Firmicutes和Proteobacteria，3 个地区的优势菌门均为Proteobacteria，丰度均超过50%，分别为77.03%、57.93%和84.28%；不同地区样品微生物属水平也存在较大差异，吉林地区的蛋源样品中丰度较高的菌属为考克氏菌属（Kocuria）和短状杆菌属（Brachybacterium），丰度分别为10.1%和9.83%；安徽、北京和河北3 个地区菌属分布较为相似，优势菌属均为不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter），且存在致病菌属，即安徽地区蛋源样品致病菌属为葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）丰度为1.20%，北京地区蛋源样品致病菌属为Staphylococcus 3.53%和埃希氏菌志贺氏菌属（Escherichia-Shigella）丰度为3.15%，河北地区蛋源样品致病菌属为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）丰度为16.28%。可见不同地区蛋源表面主要微生物门水平和属水平都存在一定差异性，相对丰度差异更显著，北方地区与中部以南地区蛋源表面微生物差异明显（P＜0.01），北方地区更适宜禽蛋生产，为保障液蛋制品的安全性，蛋制品企业应该根据蛋源表面微生物组成情况适当调整消毒处理方法，对液蛋制品加工行业有着重要意义。

关键词: 蛋源；高通量测序；宏基因组学技术；微生物多样性

Abstract: In this study, metagenomics of high-throughput sequencing were used to systematically analyze the composition and diversity of microbial communities on eggs from four major egg-producing areas of China, Jilin, Anhui, Beijing and Hebei. The results showed that the bacterial community composition on the eggshell surface consisted mainly of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The bacterial community composition on egg samples from Jilin consisted of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with relative abundance of 49.12%, 31.93% and 8.41%, respectively. The bacterial community compositions on egg samples from Anhui, Beijing and Hebei were similar, consisting of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with Proteobacteria being the dominant phylum, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the three samples was over 50%, 77.03%, 57.93% and 84.28%, respectively. In addition, the composition of microbial community at the genus level on eggs was distinct among different producing areas. The most abundant bacterial genera on eggs from Jilin were Kocuria and Brachybacterium, with relative abundance of 10.1% and 9.83%, respectively. The distribution of bacterial genera on eggs from Anhui, Beijing and Hebei was similar, with Acinetobacter being dominant, and pathogenic bacteria were found, including Staphylococcus with relative abundance of 1.20% for eggs from Anhui, Staphylococcus with relative abundance of 3.53% and Escherichia-Shigella with relative abundance of 3.15% for eggs from Beijng, and Pseudomonas with relative abundance of 16.28% for eggs from Hebei. It can be concluded that there was some difference in the composition of microbial communities at the phylum and genus level on eggs from different regions, especially in the relative abundance. A significant compositional difference in the microbial community on eggs was found between the north region and the central south region (P < 0.01), and the north region was more suitable for egg production. In order to ensure the safety of liquid egg products, egg product enterprises should select a suitable egg disinfection method according to the microbial community composition on its surface, which is of great significance to the liquid egg processing industry.

Key words: egg; high-throughput sequencing; metagenomics; microbial diversity

中图分类号:

TS253.1

李侠，温佳奇，王秀娟，宋雨奇，代伟长，王玉华. 基于宏基因组学技术不同地区蛋源表面微生物的比较[J]. 食品科学, 2021, 42(10): 139-145.

LI Xia, WEN Jiaqi, WANG Xiujuan, SONG Yuqi, DAI Weichang, WANG Yuhua. Metagenomic Comparison of Microbial Communities on Eggs from Different Areas of China[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 2021, 42(10): 139-145.

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基于宏基因组学技术不同地区蛋源表面微生物的比较

Metagenomic Comparison of Microbial Communities on Eggs from Different Areas of China

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