不同光照、氮源对Serratia marcescens y2生长、产色素的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究Serratia marcescens y2产生灵菌红素的条件，用固体培养和分光光度法研究不同光照(白光照、黑暗；红、黄、蓝和绿光)、氮源(氯化铵、甘氨酸、硝酸钾、尿素、水解乳蛋白和酵母膏)对细菌生长量和色素产生的影响。结果表明：黑暗培养有利于细菌生长和色素产生；单色光中绿光照射细菌生长量最小，伴有较多色素溢出胞外，色素被氧化程度高，反之红光对生长量影响最小，色素溢出率最低，色素被氧化程度低，说明该菌产红色素吸收绿光最多，光氧化损伤细胞导致色素外溢。氮源中有机氮源均促进细菌生长，除酵母膏外有机氮均增加了细菌色素生产量，其中甘氨酸效果最好，与无机氮源相比，甘氨酸还促使该菌产生不同色素成分，说明甘氨酸能改变色素合成途径，促进色素产量和不同结构色素积累。

关键词: 细菌色素, 培养条件, 单色光, 甘氨酸

Abstract: The effects of different types of light (sunlight, darkness, red, yellow, blue and green) and nitrogen source (ammonium chloride, glycine, potassium nitrate, urea, lactalbumin hydrolysate and yeast extract) on the growth and pigment production of Serratia marcescens y2 were studied by solid-state culture and spectrometry. The results showed that darkness was favorable for microbial growth and pigment production. Green light resulted in the lowest biomass of Serratia marcescens y2 among all monochromatic lights tested along with large amounts of pigment leaks out of the cells and a high degree of leaking pigment. Conversely, red light caused the smallest change in the biomass of Serratia marcescens y2 and consequently, the least amount of pigment leaks and a low degree of leaking pigment were found. These findings demonstrate that the strain produces red pigment and therefore absorbs green light in the largest quantity, leading to the occurrence of photooxidative damage and consequent pigment leakage. All organic nitrogen sources tested had a growth-promoting effect on Serratia marcescens y2. All the organic nitrogen sources expect yeast resulted in an increase in pigment production by the strain and of them, glycine was the best source. Moreover, more pigments were produced by this strain in the presence of glycine compared to inorganic nitrogen sources. There results suggest that glycine can promote pigment production and the accumulation of pigments with different structures by altering their synthetic pathways.

Key words: bacterial pigment, culture condition, monochromatic light, glycine

中图分类号:

王飞1,2，罗海澜1,2，马玲2，周银芳2，李囡囡2，刘素2，李衡2，王闯2. 不同光照、氮源对Serratia marcescens y2生长、产色素的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2012, 33(17): 234-240.

参考文献

[1] VELMURUGAN P, KAMALA-KANNAN S, BALACHANDAR V, et al. Natural pigment extraction from five filamentous fungi for industrial applications and dyeing of leather[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2010, 79(2):262-268.
[2] LU Y, WANG L, XUE Y, et al. Production of violet pigment by a newly isolated psychrotrophic bacterium from a glacier in Xinjiang, China[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2009, 43(2): 135-141.
[3] DHAMARAJ S, ASHOKKUMAR B, DHEVENDARAN K. Food-grade pigments from Streptomyces sp. isolated from the marine sponge Callyspongia diffusa[J]. Food Research International, 2009, 42(4):487-492.
[4] DUFOSSEL L. Microbial production of food grade pigments [J]. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 2006, 44(3): 313-321.
[5] 王飞, 罗海澜, 刘畅, 等. 一株粘质沙雷氏菌的分离和产红色素初步研究[J]. 食品工业, 2011, 174(3):53-55.
[6] PEREZ-TOMAS R, VINAS M. New insights on the antitumoral properties of prodiginines[J]. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2010, 17(21):2222-2231.
[7] VENIL CK, LAKSHMANAPERUMALSAMY P. An insightful overview on microbial pigment, prodigiosin[J]. Electronic Journal of Biology, 2009, 5(3):49-61.
[8] KIM J-S, HEO M-S. Isolated and identification of prodigiosin-like pigment produce marine bacteria Zooshikella sp. JE-34 and screening for bioactive substances from bacterial secondary metabolites[J]. Journal of Biotechnology, 2008, 136(Supplement 1):S69-S70.
[9] FARZANEH A, KOU-SAN J, JOZSEF L, et al. Antibacterial colorants: characterization of prodiginines and their applications on textile materials[J]. Biotechnology Progress, 2008, 24(3):742-747.
[10] DEORUKHKAR A, CHANDER R, PANDEY R, et al. A novel N-alkylated prodigiosin analogue induced death in tumour cell through apoptosis or necrosis depending upon the cell type[J]. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 2008, 61（3）:355-363.
[11] 王春玲. 灵菌红素生物合成与分离纯化研究[D]. 合肥工作大学, 2007.
[12] 刘同军, 杨海龙, 唐华. 灵菌红素的研究进展[J]. 食品与药品, 2007, 9(8):47-51.
[13] VELMURUGAN P, LEE YH, VENIL CK, et al. Effect of light on growth, intracellular and extracellular pigment production by five pigment-producing filamentous fungi in synthetic medium[J]. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2010, 109(4):346-350.
[14] RYAZANTSEVA IN, ANDREYEVA IN, KLEMENTYEVA GS, et al. Pigment-dependent light influence on the energetics of Serratia marcescens[J]. Thermochimica Acta, 1995, 251(3):63-67.
[15] WILLIAMSON NR, SIMONSEN HT, AHMED RAA , et al. (2005), Biosynthesis of the red antibiotic, prodigiosin, in Serratia: identification of a novel 2-methyl-3-n-amyl-pyrrole (MAP) assembly pathway, definition of the terminal condensing enzyme, and implications for undecylprodigiosin biosynthesis in Streptomyces. Molecular Microbiology, 56: 971–989. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04602.x.
[16] WILLIAMSON NR, FINERAN PC, LEEPER FJ, et al. The biosynthesis and regulation of bacterial prodiginines[J]. Nature reviews Microbiology,2006, 4(12):887-899.
[17] SCOTT RH, QADRI S, WILLIAMS RP. Role of L-proline in the biosynthesis of prodigiosin[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbilogy, 1976, 32(4):561.
[18] HARDJITO L, HUQ A, COLWELL RR. The influence of environmental conditions on the production of pigment by Serratia marcescens[J]. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 2002, 7(2):100-104.
[19] WILLIAMS RP, GOTT CL, QADRI SMH. Induction of pigmentation in nonproliferating cells of Serratia marcescens by addition of single amino acids[J]. Journal of Bacteriology, 1971, 106(2):444-448.
[20] HELVIA W, FUKUSHIMA K, TAKAKI GMC. Prodigiosin production by Serratia marcescens UCP 1549 using renewable-resources as a low cost substrate[J]. Molecules, 2010, 15(10):6931-6940.
[21] SONG M-J, BAE J, LEE D-S, et al. Purification and characterization of prodigiosin produced by integrated bioreactor from Serratia sp. KH-95[J]. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2006, 101(2):157-161.
[22] 韦凤, 蒋冬花, 蔡琪敏,等. 一株高产灵菌红素粘质沙雷氏菌的筛选与鉴定[J]. 浙江师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2011(3), 34:2-7.
[23] 刘晓侠, 唐威, 孙诗清, 等. 一株新粘质沙雷氏菌所产红色素的结构鉴定及稳定性研究 [J]. 安徽农业大学学报, 2010, 37(3):488-492.
[24] LEWIS SM, CORPE WA. Prodigiosin-producing bacteria from marine sources[J]. Applied and Environment Microbiology, 1964, 12(1):13-17.