食品科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10): 217-223.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20230912-098

• 食品工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

挤压处理对玉米粉微观结构及理化特性的影响

侯景瑶,邢佳悦,尹绂聿,魏超月,刘景圣,吴玉柱,许秀颖   

  1. (1.吉林农业大学食品科学与工程学院,吉林 长春 130118;2.吉林省福玉农业科技有限公司,吉林 安图 133600;3.小麦和玉米深加工国家工程研究中心,吉林 长春 130118)
  • 出版日期:2024-05-25 发布日期:2024-06-08
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省科技厅重点研发项目(20230202063NC); 校企横向科研项目:玉米健康饮品生产关键技术研究与产品开发(202020071)

Effect of Extrusion Treatment on the Microstructure and Physicochemical Properties of Corn Flour

HOU Jingyao, XING Jiayue, YIN Fuyu, WEI Chaoyue, LIU Jingsheng, WU Yuzhu, XU Xiuying   

  1. (1. School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; 2. Jilin Fuyu Agricultural Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Antu 133600, China; 3. National Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Wheat and Corn, Changchun 130118, China)
  • Online:2024-05-25 Published:2024-06-08

摘要: 为改善玉米粉的加工特性,本研究利用双螺杆挤压技术,通过调控物料水分质量分数(15%、18%、21%、24%)及挤压温度(100、120、140、160 ℃),探究其对玉米粉微观结构及理化特性的影响。结果表明:玉米粉经挤压处理后,淀粉颗粒形态被破坏,吸水膨胀,形成淀粉凝胶网络结构,显著提高了玉米粉的水合特性、冷糊黏度和假塑性(P<0.05),且随着挤压温度的升高或物料水分质量分数的增加,淀粉结晶区和双螺旋结构破坏程度愈加严重。当物料水分质量分数为18%、挤压温度为120 ℃时,拉伸距离达到最大值,为(28.95±0.66)mm,假塑性最强。综合分析,挤压处理对玉米粉的改性可有效改善玉米粉因缺乏面筋蛋白而导致的难成型的问题,为全玉米主食品的加工提供技术依据。

关键词: 挤压处理;玉米粉;拉伸特性;结构特性;理化特性

Abstract: In order to improve the processing characteristics of corn flour, the effect of twin-screw extrusion on the microstructure and physicochemical properties of corn flour was evaluated under different conditions of moisture content (15%, 18%, 21%, and 24%) and extrusion temperature (100, 120, 140, and 160 ℃). The results showed that after extrusion, the morphology of starch granules was destroyed, resulting in water absorption and swelling of the starch and gel network formation, significantly improving the hydration characteristics, cold paste viscosity and pseudoplasticity of corn flour (P < 0.05). With increasing extrusion temperature or moisture content, the damage degree of starch crystalline zone and double helix structure became more and more serious. At a moisture content of 18% and an extrusion temperature of 120 ℃, the maximum tensile distance of (28.95 ± 0.66) mm was recorded, indicating the strongest pseudoplasticity. Taken collectively, extrusion modification could effectively improve the problem of the difficulty in molding corn flour due to the lack of gluten protein, which will provide a technical basis for the processing of whole corn staple foods.

Key words: extrusion treatment; corn flour; tensile properties; structural properties; physical and chemical properties

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