九蒸九制黄精多糖的结构表征及降血糖活性分析

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20241209-065

食品科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (15): 47-59.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20241209-065

九蒸九制黄精多糖的结构表征及降血糖活性分析

宋鸿杰，高琦洲，闫新旭，冯宝龙，崔伟业，王喜波，王玉堂

（1.东北农业大学食品学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150030；2.东北农业大学现代教育技术中心，黑龙江哈尔滨 150030；3.北京中科璀璨科技有限公司，北京 102299；4.中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所，北京 100193）

出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-07-22
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才项目（2022TSYCJC0015）

Structural Characterization and Hypoglycemic Activity of Polysaccharides from Polygonatum sibiricum Subjected to Nine Steaming-Drying Cycles

SONG Hongjie, GAO Qizhou, YAN Xinxu, FENG Baolong, CUI Weiye, WANG Xibo, WANG Yutang

(1. College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;2. Center for Education Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;3. Beijing Zhongke Bright Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 102299, China;4. Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China)

Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-07-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以九蒸九制的黄精为研究对象，对黄精多糖成分进行分离纯化、结构表征和降血糖活性研究。通过水提醇沉法提取得到黄精粗多糖，经DEAE-52纤维层析柱分离纯化后得到3 种均一多糖，分别为SPGK、SPGK2和SPGK3。通过测定3 种多糖的分子质量、单糖组成、傅里叶变换红外光谱、甲基化后气相色谱-质谱分析和核磁共振对其进行结构表征，并采用酶抑制实验对3 种多糖降血糖活性进行研究。结果表明，SPGK、SPGK2和SPGK3的分子质量分别为12.74、68.72 kDa和10.25 kDa；SPGK中包括6 种单糖，岩藻糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖物质的量比例为0.07∶0.04∶0.50∶89.44∶1.58∶8.37，主要由半乳糖组成，其结构主要包括→4)-α-D-Galp-(1→、→4)-β-D-Galp-(1→、→4,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→和T-β-D-Galp-(1→；SPGK2中包括8 种单糖，岩藻糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸，物质的量比为0.27∶7.62∶7.51∶76.59∶3.12∶1.19∶3.28∶0.42，主要由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖组成，其结构主要包括→2,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→、→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→、→4)-α-D-Galp-(1→、→4)-β-D-Galp-(1→、→4,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→、T-β-D-Glcp(1→和T-β-D-Galp-(1→；SPGK3中包含8 种单糖，岩藻糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸，物质的量比为0.55∶24.59∶5.54∶37.65∶2.90∶1.35∶26.97∶0.45，主要由鼠李糖、半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸组成，其结构主要包括→3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→、→2,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→、→4)-α-D-GalAp-(1→、→4)-β-D-Galp-(1→、→4,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→、→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→和T-β-D-Galp-(1→。酶抑制实验表明SPGK、SPGK2和SPGK3均具有一定的α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性，在2 mg/mL质量浓度条件下对α-淀粉酶抑制率分别为41.53%、83.60%和56.15%，对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率分别为28.03%、83.97%和65.76%。综上所述，从九蒸九制黄精中提取的SPGK、SPGK2和SPGK3具有一定的降血糖潜力，为其产品开发和降血糖应用提供理论依据。

关键词: 黄精多糖, 九蒸九制, 结构表征, 降血糖活性, 构效关系

Abstract: This study focuses on the purification, structural characterization and hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides from Polygonatum sibiricum undergoing nine steaming-drying cycles. Crude polysaccharides were obtained by water extraction followed by alcohol precipitation and purified/fractionated by DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography into three homogeneous polysaccharides, named SPGK, SPGK2, and SPGK3, whose structural characterization was performed by measuring their molecular mass and monosaccharide composition as well as using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, methylation followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Enzyme inhibition assays were conducted to study the hypoglycemic activity of the three polysaccharides. The results showed that the molecular masses of SPGK, SPGK2, and SPGK3 were 12.74, 68.72, and 10.25 kDa, respectively. SPGK contained six monosaccharides: fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and mannose, in a ratio of 0.07:0.04:0.50:89.44:1.58:8.37, with galactose being the major monosaccharide component, and its structural units included →4)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, and T-β-D-Galp-(1→. SPGK2 contained eight monosaccharides: fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid, in a ratio of 0.27:7.62:7.51:76.59:3.12:1.19:3.28:0.42, with rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, and glucose being the major components. Its structural units included →2,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →4)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, T-β-D-Glcp(1→, and T-β-D-Galp-(1→. Likewise, SPGK3 contained eight monosaccharides: fucose, Rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid, in a ratio of 0.55:24.59:5.54:37.65:2.90:1.35:26.97:0.45, with rhamnose, galactose, and galacturonic acid being the major components, and its structural units included →3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, →2,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, →4)-α-D-GalAp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, and T-β-D-Galp-(1→. All three polysaccharides exhibited inhibitory activities against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. At a concentration of 2 mg/mL, the inhibition rates against α-amylase were 41.53%, 83.60%, and 56.15%, respectively, while those against α-glucosidase were 28.03%, 83.97%, and 65.76%, respectively. In conclusion, these polysaccharides from P. sibiricum possess potential hypoglycemic effects, providing a theoretical basis for their product development and application in hypoglycemic treatments.

Key words: Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides, nine steaming-drying cycles, structural characterization, hypoglycemic activity, structure-activity relationship

中图分类号:

TS201.2

宋鸿杰, 高琦洲, 闫新旭, 冯宝龙, 崔伟业, 王喜波, 王玉堂. 九蒸九制黄精多糖的结构表征及降血糖活性分析[J]. 食品科学, 2025, 46(15): 47-59.

SONG Hongjie, GAO Qizhou, YAN Xinxu, FENG Baolong, CUI Weiye, WANG Xibo, WANG Yutang. Structural Characterization and Hypoglycemic Activity of Polysaccharides from Polygonatum sibiricum Subjected to Nine Steaming-Drying Cycles[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 2025, 46(15): 47-59.

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九蒸九制黄精多糖的结构表征及降血糖活性分析

Structural Characterization and Hypoglycemic Activity of Polysaccharides from Polygonatum sibiricum Subjected to Nine Steaming-Drying Cycles

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