福州3 个鲜食橄榄品种（系）的果实品质特征与香气组分分析

doi:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20190419-255

食品科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 231-238.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20190419-255

福州3 个鲜食橄榄品种（系）的果实品质特征与香气组分分析

赖瑞联，冯新，陈瑾，陈义挺，吴如健

（福建省农业科学院果树研究所，福建福州 350013）

出版日期:2020-03-25 发布日期:2020-03-23
基金资助:
福建省自然科学基金项目（2019J01110）；福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项（2018R1013-3；2016R1013-15）；农业农村部物种品种资源保护（热带作物）项目（151821301354052701）

Quality Characteristics and Aroma Components of Three Fresh Edible Cultivars of Canarium album Grown in Fuzhou

LAI Ruilian, FENG Xin, CHEN Jin, CHEN Yiting, WU Rujian

(Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China)

Online:2020-03-25 Published:2020-03-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究鲜食橄榄的果实品质特征和香气组分，为橄榄鲜食品质性状育种提供理论基础。以福建福州主栽的鲜食橄榄品种（系）‘灵峰’、‘闽清2号’和‘清榄1号’为材料，对其果实品质指标和香气组分进行研究和综合评价。结果发现，鲜食橄榄品种（系）间的果实总酸、总糖、总多酚、粗多糖、可溶性固形物等12 项品质指标存在显著差异，基于固酸比和糖酸比评价其品质优劣排序依次为‘灵峰’＞‘闽清2号’＞‘清榄1号’；基于品质指标利用主成分分析法共提取2 个主成分，建立的鲜食橄榄果实品质特征评价模型为f品质=0.686f1＋0.314f2，品质特征综合排名由高到低依次为‘灵峰’＞‘清榄1号’＞‘闽清2号’。基于香气组分分析从鲜食橄榄果实中检测出35 种香气物质，以烯烃类为主，还有少量醇类、酚类、酯类和其他化合物，且所有品种（系）均包含较高含量的石竹烯；其香气物质可归为2 类主成分，综合评价模型为F香气=0.597F1＋0.403F2，香气风味优劣综合排序为‘清榄1号’＞‘闽清2号’＞‘灵峰’。根据系统聚类结果，‘灵峰’与‘清榄1号’的品质特征较为一致，而‘闽清2号’与‘清榄1号’的香气物质组分相似度更高。研究结果表明，鲜食橄榄品种（系）间的果实品质特征和香气组分差异较大，其鲜食品质的准确评价需充分结合模型评估和感官评定；此外，烯烃类化合物是构成橄榄香气组分骨架的主要物质，其中石竹烯可能是鲜食橄榄特征香气的重要成分之一。研究结果为鲜食橄榄产业的发展提供科学参考。

关键词: 橄榄, 福州, 鲜食品种（系）, 品质特征, 香气组分

Abstract: In this research, the fruit quality characteristics and aroma components of the main fresh edible cultivars (FECs) of Canarium album grown in Fuzhou, Fujian: ‘Lingfeng’, ‘Minqing 2’ and ‘Qinglan 1’ were studied to provide a theoretical basis for breeding of new cultivars with improved quality traits. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used for comprehensive evaluations. Results showed that 12 quality parameters including total acid (TA), total sugar (TS), total polyphenol, crude polysaccharide and total soluble solid (TSS) contents significantly differed among the three FECs. The quality of the cultivars could be ranked in terms of both TSS/TA and TS/TA ratio as follows: ‘Lingfeng’ > ‘Minqing 2’ > ‘Qinglan 1’. By using the two principal components extracted by PCA, a comprehensive quality evaluation model was established as f = 0.686f1 + 0.314f2, and the FECs were ranked in the decreasing order of synthetic quality score: ‘Lingfeng’ > ‘Qinglan 1’ > ‘Minqing 2’. A total of 35 aroma components were detected in all FECs, mainly including olefins, as well as lesser amounts of alcohols, phenols, esters and other chemical compounds. Notably, caryophyllene was the most abundant aroma component of all cultivars. The aroma compounds of the FECs could be divided into two main categories, and a comprehensive aroma evaluation model was developed as F = 0.597F1 + 0.403F2. The FECs were ranked in the decreasing order of aroma characteristics: ‘Qinglan 1’ > ‘Minqing 2’ > ‘Lingfeng’. Cluster analysis revealed that ‘Lingfeng’ and ‘Qinglan 1’ shared similar quality characteristics, while ‘Minqing 2’ and ‘Qinglan 1’ were similar in aroma components. The results obtained in this research indicated that the quality characteristics and aroma components of C. album varied greatly among cultivars. Thus, the combined use of mathematical models and sensory evaluation is essential for accurate quality evaluation of C. album. In addition, olefins were the major aroma components of C. album, and caryophyllene might be one of the important factors contributing to its characteristic flavor. Our present study provides a scientific basis for the development of the fresh edible C. album industry.

Key words: Canarium album, Fuzhou, fresh edible Canarium album cultivars, quality characteristics, aroma components

中图分类号:

赖瑞联，冯新，陈瑾，陈义挺，吴如健. 福州3 个鲜食橄榄品种（系）的果实品质特征与香气组分分析[J]. 食品科学, 2020, 41(6): 231-238.

LAI Ruilian, FENG Xin, CHEN Jin, CHEN Yiting, WU Rujian. Quality Characteristics and Aroma Components of Three Fresh Edible Cultivars of Canarium album Grown in Fuzhou[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 2020, 41(6): 231-238.

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福州3 个鲜食橄榄品种（系）的果实品质特征与香气组分分析

Quality Characteristics and Aroma Components of Three Fresh Edible Cultivars of Canarium album Grown in Fuzhou

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