食品科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 211-218.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20200130-287

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扩展青霉侵染对苹果果实膜磷脂代谢的影响

彭慧,龚迪,魏亚楠,杨乾,宗元元,Dov PRUSKY,Edward SIONOV,毕阳   

  1. (1.甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070;2.以色列农业研究组织农产品采后科学部,以色列 里雄莱锡安 7505101)
  • 发布日期:2021-02-25
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金一般国际(地区)合作研究项目(31861143046)

Effects of Penicillium expansum Infection on Membrane Phospholipid Metabolism of Apple Fruit

PENG Hui, GONG Di, WEI Yanan, YANG Qian, ZONG Yuanyuan, Dov PRUSKY, Edward SIONOV, BI Yang   

  1. (1. College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2. Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel)
  • Published:2021-02-25

摘要: 目的:研究扩展青霉侵染对苹果果实膜透性及膜磷脂代谢的影响。方法:以‘元帅’苹果为试材,测定扩展青霉损伤接种果实病健交界处组织的细胞膜透率、膜磷脂代谢关键酶活力以及相关底物和产物含量的变化。结果:扩展青霉侵染早期(2 d前)果实病斑直径无明显变化,侵染后期(2 d后)果实病斑直径和细胞膜透率明显增大。侵染期间,果实的磷脂酶A2、磷脂酶C和磷脂酶D活力,以及磷脂酸含量持续升高,磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰肌醇含量逐渐降低;磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰肌醇和磷脂酸与对照组的显著差异出现在侵染后期。此外,侵染早期果实的不饱和脂肪酸含量迅速升高,第2天时油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量分别高出对照组31.58%、55.57%和43.67%;侵染后期果实的饱和脂肪酸含量快速升高,第6天时的棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量分别高出对照组49.46%和43.39%。侵染果实的脂肪酸不饱和度早期高于对照组,后期低于对照组。相关性分析表明,侵染果实细胞膜透率与磷脂酶A2、磷脂酶C和磷脂酶D活力,以及磷脂酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量呈极显著正相关,但与磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰肌醇含量呈极显著负相关。结论:扩展青霉侵染激活了果实的磷脂酶,促进了膜磷脂的降解和脂肪酸的释放,破坏了细胞膜的完整性。侵染早期不饱和脂肪酸的迅速释放可能与果实抗性相关。

关键词: 苹果;扩展青霉;细胞膜完整性;磷脂代谢

Abstract: Objective: To explore the effect of Penicillium expansum infection on the membrane permeability and membrane phospholipid metabolism of apple fruits. Methods: ‘Red Delicious’ apple fruits were used in this study. Changes in cell membrane permeability, key enzyme activities involved in membrane phospholipid metabolism, and substrate and product contents were measured in the junction between diseased and healthy parts of apples inoculated with P. expansum. Results: There was no obvious change in the lesion diameter of fruit in the early stage of infection by P. expansum (before 2 days), and the lesion diameter and cell membrane permeability of fruit increased significantly in the late stage of infection (after 2 days). The activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD), and the content of phosphatidic acid (PA) in infected fruits increased continuously, while the contents of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) significantly decreased. Significant variation in the contents of PC, PI and PA occurred between the infected and control groups at the late stage of infection. In addition, the content of unsaturated fatty acid increased rapidly at the early stage of infection, and on the second day of infection, the contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were 31.58%, 55.57% and 43.67% higher than those in the control group, respectively. The content of saturated fatty acid increased significantly at the late stage of infection, and on the sixth day, the contents of palmitic acid and stearic acid were 49.46% and 43.39% higher than those in the control group, respectively. The unsaturation degree of fatty acids in the infected group was higher than that in the control group at the early stage but lower at the late stage of infection. The correlation analysis indicated that there was a very significantly positive correlation between cell membrane permeability and the activity of PLA2, PLC and PLD, as well as palmitic acid, stearic acid and PA contents. A highly significantly negative correlation was found between cell membrane permeability and PC and PI contents. Conclusion: P. expansum infection can activate phospholipase, promote the degradation of phospholipid and the release of fatty acids, and destroy the integrity of the cell membrane in apple fruit. The rapid release of unsaturated fatty acids at the early stage of infection may be related to disease resistance.

Key words: apple; Penicillium expansum; cell membrane integrity; phospholipid metabolism

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