微生物源示踪技术在食品链中进行污染源追溯的研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在食品链中，粪便微生物污染是诱发食源性疾病的重要途径之一，也是食品安全领域备受关注的问题。利用微生物示踪（或溯源）（microbial source tracking，MST）技术对粪便微生物来源和污染情况进行追踪是解决该问题的有效手段之一。MST方法一般分为依赖数据库型方法（library-dependent methods，LDMs）和非依赖数据库型方法（library-independent methods，LIMs）2 种方法，其中LIMs方法分为依赖培养型和非依赖培养型。在非依赖培养型中，以16S rRNA和宿主-微生物互作基因为特异性分子标记物建立的MST方法在食品链的污染调查中得到了广泛的应用。本文简要介绍了MST的基本原理及特点，着重总结了近几年基于宿主特异性分子标记物的MST方法在食品链中进行污染溯源的研究进展，同时结合目前MST技术所具有的独特优势及现存的不足，对MST技术进行了展望。

关键词: 微生物源示踪方法, 食源性疾病, 粪便污染, 依赖数据库, 非依赖数据库, 宿主特异性分子标记

Abstract: Fecal microbial contamination in the food chain is a significant concern in food safety as it can lead to foodborne diseases. Microbial source tracking (MST) technology is an effective approach to address this issue by tracking the sources and contamination of fecal microbes. MST methods can be categorized into two types: library-dependent methods (LDMs) and library-independent methods (LIMs), with LIMs including culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Among these, the culture-independent method utilizing specific molecular markers such as 16S rRNA and host-microbial interaction genes has been widely used to investigate contamination in the food chain. This review provides an overview of the basic principles and characteristics of MST, and focuses on the recent advancements in MST methods based on host-specific molecular markers for tracing contamination in the food chain. Furthermore, the unique advantages and disadvantages of MST are analyzed to forecast its future prospects.

Key words: Microbial source tracer (MST) method, Foodborne diseases, Fecal contamination, Library-dependent methods, Library-independent methods, Host-specific molecular markers

中图分类号:

樊丽华李国梁. 微生物源示踪技术在食品链中进行污染源追溯的研究进展[J]. 食品科学, 2024, 45(7): 0-0.

Lihua Fan Guoliang -Li. Research progress of Microbial Source Tracing technology for pollution identification in food chain[J]. FOOD SCIENCE, 2024, 45(7): 0-0.

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