关键词: 谷物；近红外光谱；营养成分；理化性质；霉菌污染

Abstract: Cereals, as the staple food for humans, are rich in a variety of nutrients such as moisture, proteins, fats and carbohydrates. However, the quality of cereals can be seriously affected by long-term storage, mold contamination and heterogeneous cereals, which jeopardize food security. Therefore, accurate and rapid detection of nutrients, physicochemical properties, and mold contamination in cereals is essential for food quality control and nutritional assessment. Near infrared spectroscopy has been widely used as a rapid and non-destructive detection method for cereal analysis in recent years. This paper aims to review the current status of the application of near infrared spectroscopy in the detection of cereals nutrients (starch, fat, protein and bioactive compounds), physicochemical properties (starch viscosity, hardness and farinograph parameters), mold contamination and other aspects (freshness, variety identification, heavy metals and pesticide residues), summarize and compare the advantages and disadvantages of common model algorithms, and propose some problems and future trends in the application of near infrared spectroscopy in cereal detection, in order to provide a reference for further improvement of near infrared spectroscopy in the detection of cereals.

Key words: cereal; near infrared spectroscopy; nutrients; physicochemical properties; mold contamination