食品科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (14): 216-212.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20241224-207

• 成分分析 • 上一篇    

不同固样方式对‘黔茶1号’鲜叶挥发性物质的影响

杨显凤,张拓,庞德文,席亚楠,曾廷廷,王静,张小琴,   

  1. (1.贵州大学茶学院,贵州?贵阳 550025;2.贵州省茶叶研究所,贵州?贵阳 550006;3.贵阳学院生物与环境工程学院,贵州?贵阳 550005;4.农业农村部遵义野外综合科学观测研究站,贵州?遵义 553000;5.国家茶叶产业技术体系遵义综合试验站,贵州?贵阳 550006)
  • 发布日期:2025-06-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(32060698);贵州省农业科学院青年基金项目(黔农科院青年基金[2022]06号); 国家茶叶产业技术体系遵义综合试验站项目(CARS-19);贵州省茶叶产业技术体系项目(GZCYCYJSTX-03)

Effects of Different Fixation Methods on Volatile Organic Compounds in Fresh Leaves of ‘Qiancha No.1’ Tea

YANG Xianfeng, Zhang Tuo, Pang Dewen, Xi Yanan Zeng Tingting WANG Jing, ZHANG Xiaoqin,   

  1. (1. College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 2. Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guiyang 550006, China; 3. School of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China; 4. Zunyi Comprehensive Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zunyi 553000, China; 5. Zunyi Comprehensive Test Station of National Tea Industry Technology System, Guiyang 550006, China)
  • Published:2025-06-20

摘要: 为探究茶鲜叶挥发性物质研究过程中最适宜的固样方式,以茶树品种‘黔茶1号’一芽二叶为原料,利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发性成分进行分析,比较蒸汽固样、热空气固样、微波固样、真空冷冻固样、液氮固样5 种固样方式对茶鲜叶挥发性物质的影响。5 种固样方式处理的‘黔茶1号’茶鲜叶中共鉴定出73 种挥发性物质,包括醇类23 种、酯类14 种、醛类10 种、烯烃类15 种、酮类4 种和其他类7 种,其中醇类物质含量最高。5 组的共有挥发性物质有16 种。真空冷冻固样组的挥发性物质数量最多(48 种)且含量最丰富(112.93 mg/L),能够保留住更多含量的醇类物质;液氮固样能够保留住更多含量酯类、醛类、烯烃类物质;蒸汽固样能够保留更多含量的其他类挥发性物质;微波固样组中烯烃类物质较多;固样效果最差的方式为热风固样,仅有37 种挥发性物质且质量浓度最低(29.42 mg/L)。多元统计学分析表明,除热风固样和微波固样组的挥发性物质相似程度较高外,其余固样方式具有较大差异,其中雪松烯、2-壬酮等25 种挥发性物质是造成不同固样方式之间出现差异的标志性成分。真空冷冻固样能够更大程度固定茶鲜叶中的挥发性物质。

关键词: ‘黔茶1号’;固样方法;顶空固相微萃取;气相色谱-质谱;挥发性物质

Abstract: To explore the most suitable fixation method for the study of volatile organic compounds in fresh tea leaves, this study compared the effects of five fixation methods-steam fixation, hot air fixation, microwave fixation, vacuum freeze fixation, and liquid nitrogen fixation-on the volatile components of ‘Qiancha No.1’ tea shoots with one bud and two tender leaves as analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). A total of 73 volatile organic compounds were identified, including 23 alcohols, 14 esters, 10 aldehydes, 15 alkenes, 4 ketones, and 7 others, with alcohols being the most abundant ones. A total of 16 volatile compounds were found to be common to the five fixed samples. Vacuum freeze fixation resulted in the highest number (43) and amount (112.93 mg/L) of volatile organic compounds, retaining higher alcohol contents. Liquid nitrogen fixation retained more esters, aldehydes, and alkenes, while steam fixation retained higher contents of other volatile organic compounds. Microwave fixed samples contained more alkenes. Hot air fixation was the least effective, retaining only 37 volatile organic compounds at the lowest concentration of 29.42 mg/L. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that while hot air and microwave fixed samples shared high similarity in volatile organic compounds, the other fixation methods resulted in significant differences in volatile organic compounds. A total of 25 volatile organic compounds, such as cedrene and 2-nonanone, were identified as markers to differentiate among these fixation methods. Vacuum freeze fixation was able to retain the volatile organic compounds in fresh tea leaves to a greater extent.

Key words: ‘Qiancha No.1’; fixation method; headspace solid-phase microextraction; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; volatile organic compounds

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