食品科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (18): 405-356.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20250306-042

• 专题论述 • 上一篇    下一篇

乳源细胞外囊泡作为生物活性物质体内递送载体的研究进展

王芳,焦阳,中拉毛草,翟欢,梁泽毅,杨晨,刘婧,陈安乐,丁学智,安彩霞   

  1. (1.中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所,甘肃?兰州 730050;2.甘肃中医药大学第一临床医学院,甘肃?兰州 730101;3.甘南州动物疫病预防控制中心,甘肃?合作 747000;4.兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃?兰州 730020;5.甘肃省妇幼保健院(甘肃省中心医院),甘肃?兰州 730050)
  • 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-08-19
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省自然基金重点项目(22JR5RA037);甘肃省优秀博士生项目(25JRRA458); 甘肃省自然科学基金项目(24JRRP002)

Research Progress on Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Vehicles for in Vivo Delivery of Bioactive Substances

WANG Fang, JIAO Yang, ZHONG Lamaocao, ZHAI Huan, LIANG Zeyi, YANG Chen, LIU Jing, CHEN Anle, DING Xuezhi, AN Caixia   

  1. (1. Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; 2. First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China; 3. Gannan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Hezuo 747000, China; 4. College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; 5. Gansu Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Gansu Central Hospital), Lanzhou 730050, China)
  • Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-08-19

摘要: 细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)是由细胞分泌的纳米至微米级磷脂双层微囊泡,携带蛋白质、核酸、脂质等多种活性分子。EVs作为一种信号传递分子,可将含有生物信息的内容物传送到靶细胞使其发挥特定作用。乳中含有多种有益的生物活性分子,其中乳源细胞外囊泡(milk-derived EVs,M-EVs)因生物利用度高、免疫原性低、消化耐受性和商业生产性能优良而被视为EVs的理想来源。此外,M-EVs可以在胃中的强酸性条件和肠道中的降解条件下存活,且可以穿过生物屏障到达靶组织,这使其成为具有定向递送促进健康或治疗性生物活性物质的合适载体。然而,由于牛奶成分的复杂性,需要进一步的研究阐明M-EVs特定成分和功能之间的关系,规范其提取过程,以推进M-EVs未来的应用。本文综述了M-EVs的形成途径、组成特征、提取和递送方法,探讨了M-EVs作为活性物质天然纳米载体的优势和挑战,以及M-EV研究的未来前景,旨在为基于M-EVs口服给药系统的新型功能性食品开发提供新的思路。

关键词: 乳;细胞外囊泡;生物活性物质;递送载体

Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles secreted by almost all cells at the nanometer to micrometer scale, and they carry various active molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. As signaling molecules, EVs can deliver contents containing biological information to target cells to make them exert their specific functions. Milk contains various beneficial bioactive molecules, among which milk-derived EVs (M-EVs) are regarded as an ideal source of EVs due to their high bioavailability, low immunogenicity, digestive tolerance, and commercial production performance. Additionally, M-EVs can endure harsh acidic conditions in the stomach and degradation scenarios in the intestine, and cross the biological barriers to reach their target tissues, making them ideal carriers for the targeted delivery of health-promoting or therapeutic bioactive substances. However, due to the complexity of milk components, further research is needed to clarify the relationship between specific components and functions of M-EVs and standardize their extraction process, thereby promoting the application of M-EVs. This article provides an overview of the formation pathways, compositional characteristics, extraction, and delivery methods of M-EVs. In addition, the advantages and challenges of M-EVs as natural nanocarriers for active substances are discussed and the prospects of M-EV research are deciphered. The review aims to provide a new direction for developing new functional foods based on M-EVs as an oral drug delivery system.

Key words: milk; extracellular vesicles; bioactive substances; delivery vector

中图分类号: