食品科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (17): 399-411.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20260305-029

• 专题论述 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同乳源蛋白:成分、结构、过敏原、加工技术研究进展

吴欣榆,熊林淋,王微,崔强   

  1. (1.四川农业大学食品学院,四川?雅安 625014;2.山东天博食品配料有限公司,山东?济宁 272071)
  • 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-09-03
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技计划资助-中央引导地方科技发展专项(2024ZYD0046);四川省自然科学基金项目(2024NSFSC1254)

Milk Proteins from Different Animal Sources: Research Progress on Compositions, Structures, Allergens, and Processing Techniques

WU Xinyu, XIONG Linlin, WANG Wei, CUI Qiang   

  1. (1. College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; 2. Shandong Tianbo Food Ingredients Co., Ltd., Jining 272071, China)
  • Online:2026-09-15 Published:2026-09-03

摘要: 乳蛋白具有较高的营养价值和优异的功能特性,常作为优质蛋白基料广泛应用于食品加工中。我国乳源种类丰富,但现有研究多集中于牛乳蛋白,除牛乳外,常见的特色乳源还有山羊乳、骆驼乳、驴乳、牦牛乳等。因此,本文对不同乳源的蛋白质组成、含量差异、结构特征、主要过敏原分子基础,以及加工技术对乳蛋白质结构及致敏性的影响进行综述。阐述不同乳源在蛋白组成、特定组分含量和结构上存在的差异,全面比较不同乳源蛋白的结构和过敏原差异,系统论述不同加工处理对蛋白构象和致敏性的影响,旨在为不同乳源的综合利用和开发低致敏、功能化乳制品等提供理论参考。

关键词: 牛乳;特色乳源;过敏原;加工技术;致敏性

Abstract: Milk proteins possess high nutritional value and excellent functional properties, and are widely used as high-quality protein ingredients in food processing. China has abundant dairy resources, including cow milk and milk from minor dairy species such as goat, camel, donkey, and yak. Nevertheless, current research mainly focuses on cow milk proteins. Therefore, this review summarizes the composition, content and structural characteristics of proteins and the molecular basis of major allergens in milks from different animal sources, and it examines the effects of processing techniques on the structure and allergenicity of milk proteins. This review aims to provide a theoretical reference for the comprehensive utilization of different milk resources and the development of hypoallergenic and functional dairy products.

Key words: cow milk; specialty milk sources; allergens; processing technologies; allergenicity

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