Abstract: This paper summarizes the environmental stress factors that affect the physiological regulation of stress during the live transportation of aquatic animals, including tissue hypoxia stress, acid-base and ammonia stress, salt concentration and temperature stress, and density stress. Meanwhile, it reviews the effects of environmental stress factors on the meat quality, physiological metabolism and immune system of aquatic animals. The physiological regulatory mechanism of aquatic animals under environmental stress is discussed by neuroendocrine and blood physiological and biochemical indices, immune system and stress proteins, cell apoptosis and tissue damage, as well as the functional and structural changes of gill, liver and kidney tissues. This review provides reference for the development of a stress pacification program for aquatic animals to improve their survival rate during transportation.

Key words: environmental stress; aquatic animals; live transportation; stress response; immunity; physiological regulation