Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent gastrointestinal?inflammatory disease, whose incidence is increasing worldwide in recent years. Its pathogenesis is complicated, which is mainly caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental and immune factors. Intensive studies of the host-gut microbial interaction have demonstrated that the intestinal microflora plays an important role in the development of IBD. Therefore, there is tremendous interest in developing new methods to relieve and treat IBD by regulating the gut microbiota. In recent years, a large number of studies have proved that probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may alleviate IBD by regulating the composition of intestinal microflora, enhancing the mucosal barrier function and regulating the immune response. This article reviews the recent progress in the pathogenesis of IBD and the application of probiotics and fecal bacteria transplantation on IBD.

Key words: inflammatory bowel diseases; ulcerative colitis; Crohn’s disease; gut microbiota; intestinal barrier; probiotics; fecal microbiota transplantation