Abstract: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms pose a serious threat to public health and food safety. In-depth investigation of their pathogenic mechanisms and interactions with the host urgently requires models that can accurately simulate the complex microenvironment of the human intestine. Traditional cell lines and animal models have limitations in this regard and struggle to meet the precise requirements for mechanistic exploration and the development of prevention and control strategies. As an emerging three-dimensional in vitro model, intestinal organoids, with their unique advantages of reproducing the diversity, spatial structure, and key physiological functions of intestinal cells, provide an innovative research platform to overcome the above-mentioned bottlenecks. This paper systematically describes the construction methods and technical characteristics of this platform, as well as its application in research on foodborne pathogenic microorganism. It focuses on reviewing the key findings from intestinal organoid models in revealing the invasion mechanisms and virulence of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites, host immune responses to these pathogens, and epithelial barrier damage caused by them. This article further explores the latest progress in enhancing the biomimetic complexity of organoids through engineering strategies such as microfluidics and co-culture, and analyzes the core challenges and future directions in the fields of mechanical simulation, multi-organ integration, and standardization. This paper provides a theoretical reference and technical perspective for an in-depth understanding of host-pathogen interactions and the development of new prevention and control strategies.

Key words: intestinal organoids; foodborne pathogenic microorganisms; host-pathogen interactions