Abstract: In this study, high-purity phosphatidylglucoside (PtdGlc) was prepared via phospholipase D-mediated enzymatic conversion, and its major structures were identified as C16:0/18:2-PtdGlc and C18:2/18:2-PtdGlc. A systematic investigation was then conducted on the effect of PtdGlc on glycolipid metabolism and the underlying mechanisms. First, the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to detect the impact of PtdGlc on the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2), revealing that PtdGlc transcriptionally activated PPARγ2. In addition, we evaluated the regulatory effect of PtdGlc on glycolipid metabolism disorders induced by a high-fat and high-sugar diet in mice. The results demonstrated that PtdGlc effectively reduced the fasting blood glucose and insulin levels in mice fed a high-fat and high-sugar diet by activating PPARγ and the expression of its downstream genes (Adpn, Acc1, Ap2), thereby significantly improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and its activity was superior to that of phosphatidylcholine. Moreover, PtdGlc intervention notably decreased body mass and serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in mice. Most importantly, dietary intervention with PtdGlc could significantly suppress the appetite of mice via upregulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathway, thereby reducing energy intake and avoiding the side effect of weight gain induced by traditional PPARγ agonists. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the development of PtdGlc-based health foods for regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.

Key words: hosphatidylglucoside; obesity; glucose and lipid metabolism