Abstract: The gut microbiome in humans consists of a vast and diverse population of microbes that is involved in many physiological processes. Many studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiome regulates the development and behavior of human brain through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Probiotics are a group of live microorganisms that are beneficial to the human body by regulating the micro-ecological balance in the human intestinal tract. Clinical studies have shown that probiotics are highly effective in the prevention and treatment of autism spectrum disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression and multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. In this article, recent progress understanding in the mechanism of action of probiotics on nervous system diseases in China and abroad is reviewed in order to provide a new idea for the intervention and treatment of diseases using probiotics.

Key words: probiotics, gut microbiome, nervous system diseases, mechanism